Merge pull request #2503 from tonistiigi/20240606-update-buildkit

update buildkit to v0.14.0-rc2

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -30,35 +30,8 @@ env:
   GOTESTSUM_VERSION: "v1.9.0"  # same as one in Dockerfile
 
 jobs:
-  prepare-test-integration:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
-      -
-        name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      -
-        name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      -
-        name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-        with:
-          version: ${{ env.BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
-          buildkitd-flags: --debug
-      -
-        name: Build
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v4
-        with:
-          targets: integration-test-base
-          set: |
-            *.cache-from=type=gha,scope=${{ env.TEST_CACHE_SCOPE }}
-            *.cache-to=type=gha,scope=${{ env.TEST_CACHE_SCOPE }}
-
   test-integration:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    needs:
-      - prepare-test-integration
     env:
       TESTFLAGS_DOCKER: "-v --parallel=1 --timeout=30m"
       TEST_IMAGE_BUILD: "0"
@@ -66,18 +39,55 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        buildkit:
+          - master
+          - latest
+          - buildx-stable-1
+          - v0.13.1
+          - v0.12.5
+          - v0.11.6
         worker:
-          - docker
-          - docker\+containerd  # same as docker, but with containerd snapshotter
           - docker-container
           - remote
         pkg:
           - ./tests
+        mode:
+          - ""
+          - experimental
+        include:
+          - worker: docker
+            pkg: ./tests
+          - worker: docker+containerd  # same as docker, but with containerd snapshotter
+            pkg: ./tests
+          - worker: docker
+            pkg: ./tests
+            mode: experimental
+          - worker: docker+containerd  # same as docker, but with containerd snapshotter
+            pkg: ./tests
+            mode: experimental
     steps:
       -
         name: Prepare
         run: |
-          echo "TESTREPORTS_NAME=${{ github.job }}-$(echo "${{ matrix.pkg }}-${{ matrix.worker }}" | tr -dc '[:alnum:]-\n\r' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "TESTREPORTS_NAME=${{ github.job }}-$(echo "${{ matrix.pkg }}-${{ matrix.buildkit }}-${{ matrix.worker }}-${{ matrix.mode }}" | tr -dc '[:alnum:]-\n\r' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          if [ -n "${{ matrix.buildkit }}" ]; then
+            echo "TEST_BUILDKIT_TAG=${{ matrix.buildkit }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+          testFlags="--run=//worker=$(echo "${{ matrix.worker }}" | sed 's/\+/\\+/g')$"
+          case "${{ matrix.worker }}" in
+            docker | docker+containerd)
+              echo "TESTFLAGS=${{ env.TESTFLAGS_DOCKER }} $testFlags" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+              ;;
+            *)
+              echo "TESTFLAGS=${{ env.TESTFLAGS }} $testFlags" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+              ;;
+          esac
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.worker }}" == "docker"* ]]; then
+            echo "TEST_DOCKERD=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+          if [ "${{ matrix.mode }}" = "experimental" ]; then
+            echo "TEST_BUILDX_EXPERIMENTAL=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
       -
         name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -99,7 +109,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           targets: integration-test
           set: |
-            *.cache-from=type=gha,scope=${{ env.TEST_CACHE_SCOPE }}
             *.output=type=docker,name=${{ env.TEST_IMAGE_ID }}
       -
         name: Test
@@ -107,8 +116,6 @@ jobs:
           ./hack/test
         env:
           TEST_REPORT_SUFFIX: "-${{ env.TESTREPORTS_NAME }}"
-          TEST_DOCKERD: "${{ startsWith(matrix.worker, 'docker') && '1' || '0' }}"
-          TESTFLAGS: "${{ (matrix.worker == 'docker' || matrix.worker == 'docker\\+containerd') && env.TESTFLAGS_DOCKER || env.TESTFLAGS }} --run=//worker=${{ matrix.worker }}$"
           TESTPKGS: "${{ matrix.pkg }}"
       -
         name: Send to Codecov
@@ -349,33 +356,9 @@ jobs:
       -
         name: GitHub Release
         if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@de2c0eb89ae2a093876385947365aca7b0e5f844 # v0.1.15
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@69320dbe05506a9a39fc8ae11030b214ec2d1f87  # v2.0.5
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           draft: true
           files: ${{ env.DESTDIR }}/*
-
-  buildkit-edge:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    continue-on-error: true
-    steps:
-      -
-        name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      -
-        name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      -
-        name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-        with:
-          version: ${{ env.BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=moby/buildkit:master
-          buildkitd-flags: --debug
-      -
-        # Just run a bake target to check eveything runs fine
-        name: Build
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v4
-        with:
-          targets: binaries

.github/workflows/docs-release.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 name: docs-release
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: 'Git tag'
+        required: true
   release:
     types:
       - released
@@ -8,7 +13,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
   open-pr:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    if: ${{ github.event.release.prerelease != true && github.repository == 'docker/buildx' }}
+    if: ${{ (github.event.release.prerelease != true || github.event.inputs.tag != '') && github.repository == 'docker/buildx' }}
     steps:
       -
         name: Checkout docs repo
@@ -20,39 +25,47 @@ jobs:
       -
         name: Prepare
         run: |
-          rm -rf ./_data/buildx/*
+          rm -rf ./data/buildx/*
+          if [ -n "${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}" ]; then
+            echo "RELEASE_NAME=${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          else
+            echo "RELEASE_NAME=${{ github.event.release.name }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
       -
         name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
       -
-        name: Build docs
+        name: Generate yaml
         uses: docker/bake-action@v4
         with:
-          source: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}.git#${{ github.event.release.name }}
+          source: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}.git#${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}
           targets: update-docs
+          provenance: false
           set: |
             *.output=/tmp/buildx-docs
         env:
           DOCS_FORMATS: yaml
       -
-        name: Copy files
+        name: Copy yaml
         run: |
-          cp /tmp/buildx-docs/out/reference/*.yaml ./_data/buildx/
+          cp /tmp/buildx-docs/out/reference/*.yaml ./data/buildx/
       -
-        name: Commit changes
+        name: Update vendor
         run: |
-          git add -A .
+          make vendor
+        env:
+          VENDOR_MODULE: github.com/docker/buildx@${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}
       -
         name: Create PR on docs repo
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@a4f52f8033a6168103c2538976c07b467e8163bc
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@6d6857d36972b65feb161a90e484f2984215f83e  # v6.0.5
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GHPAT_DOCS_DISPATCH }}
           push-to-fork: docker-tools-robot/docker.github.io
-          commit-message: "build: update buildx reference to ${{ github.event.release.name }}"
+          commit-message: "vendor: github.com/docker/buildx ${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}"
           signoff: true
-          branch: dispatch/buildx-ref-${{ github.event.release.name }}
+          branch: dispatch/buildx-ref-${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}
           delete-branch: true
-          title: Update buildx reference to ${{ github.event.release.name }}
+          title: Update buildx reference to ${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}
           body: |
-            Update the buildx reference documentation to keep in sync with the latest release `${{ github.event.release.name }}`
+            Update the buildx reference documentation to keep in sync with the latest release `${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}`
           draft: false

.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/bake-action@v4
         with:
           targets: update-docs
+          provenance: false
           set: |
             *.output=/tmp/buildx-docs
             *.cache-from=type=gha,scope=docs-yaml

.github/workflows/e2e.yml

@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ jobs:
             driver-opt: qemu.install=true
           - driver: remote
             endpoint: tcp://localhost:1234
+          - driver: docker-container
+            metadata-provenance: max
         exclude:
           - driver: docker
             multi-node: mnode-true
@@ -129,70 +131,15 @@ jobs:
           else
             echo "MULTI_NODE=0" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
+          if [ -n "${{ matrix.metadata-provenance }}" ]; then
+            echo "BUILDX_METADATA_PROVENANCE=${{ matrix.metadata-provenance }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
       -
         name: Install k3s
         if: matrix.driver == 'kubernetes'
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: crazy-max/.github/.github/actions/install-k3s@fa6141aedf23596fb8bdcceab9cce8dadaa31bd9
         with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            let wait = function(milliseconds) {
-              return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-                if (typeof(milliseconds) !== 'number') { 
-                  throw new Error('milleseconds not a number'); 
-                }
-                setTimeout(() => resolve("done!"), milliseconds)
-              });
-            }
-            
-            try {
-              const kubeconfig="/tmp/buildkit-k3s/kubeconfig.yaml";
-              core.info(`storing kubeconfig in ${kubeconfig}`);
-          
-              await exec.exec('docker', ["run", "-d",
-                "--privileged",
-                "--name=buildkit-k3s",
-                "-e", "K3S_KUBECONFIG_OUTPUT="+kubeconfig,
-                "-e", "K3S_KUBECONFIG_MODE=666",
-                "-v", "/tmp/buildkit-k3s:/tmp/buildkit-k3s",
-                "-p", "6443:6443",
-                "-p", "80:80",
-                "-p", "443:443",
-                "-p", "8080:8080",
-                "rancher/k3s:${{ env.K3S_VERSION }}", "server"
-              ]);
-              await wait(10000);
-              
-              core.exportVariable('KUBECONFIG', kubeconfig);
-              
-              let nodeName;
-              for (let count = 1; count <= 5; count++) {
-                try {
-                  const nodeNameOutput = await exec.getExecOutput("kubectl get nodes --no-headers -oname");
-                  nodeName = nodeNameOutput.stdout
-                } catch (error) {
-                  core.info(`Unable to resolve node name (${error.message}). Attempt ${count} of 5.`)
-                } finally {
-                  if (nodeName) {
-                    break;
-                  }
-                  await wait(5000);
-                }
-              }
-              if (!nodeName) {
-                throw new Error(`Unable to resolve node name after 5 attempts.`);
-              }
-              
-              await exec.exec(`kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready ${nodeName}`);
-            } catch (error) {
-              core.setFailed(error.message);
-            }
-      -
-        name: Print KUBECONFIG
-        if: matrix.driver == 'kubernetes'
-        run: |
-          yq ${{ env.KUBECONFIG }}
+          version: ${{ env.K3S_VERSION }}
       -
         name: Launch remote buildkitd
         if: matrix.driver == 'remote'

.github/workflows/validate.yml

@@ -17,19 +17,70 @@ on:
       - '.github/releases.json'
 
 jobs:
+  prepare:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    outputs:
+      includes: ${{ steps.matrix.outputs.includes }}
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      -
+        name: Matrix
+        id: matrix
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        with:
+          script: |
+            let def = {};
+            await core.group(`Parsing definition`, async () => {
+              const printEnv = Object.assign({}, process.env, {
+                GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM: process.env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY === 'docker/buildx' ? '1' : ''
+              });
+              const resPrint = await exec.getExecOutput('docker', ['buildx', 'bake', 'validate', '--print'], {
+                ignoreReturnCode: true,
+                env: printEnv
+              });
+              if (resPrint.stderr.length > 0 && resPrint.exitCode != 0) {
+                throw new Error(res.stderr);
+              }
+              def = JSON.parse(resPrint.stdout.trim());
+            });
+            await core.group(`Generating matrix`, async () => {
+              const includes = [];
+              for (const targetName of Object.keys(def.target)) {
+                const target = def.target[targetName];
+                if (target.platforms && target.platforms.length > 0) {
+                  target.platforms.forEach(platform => {
+                    includes.push({
+                      target: targetName,
+                      platform: platform
+                    });
+                  });
+                } else {
+                  includes.push({
+                    target: targetName
+                  });
+                }
+              }
+              core.info(JSON.stringify(includes, null, 2));
+              core.setOutput('includes', JSON.stringify(includes));
+            });
+
   validate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    env:
-      GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM: 1
+    needs:
+      - prepare
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        target:
-          - lint
-          - validate-vendor
-          - validate-docs
-          - validate-generated-files
+        include: ${{ fromJson(needs.prepare.outputs.includes) }}
     steps:
+      -
+        name: Prepare
+        run: |
+          if [ "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" = "docker/buildx" ]; then
+            echo "GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
       -
         name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -39,6 +90,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           version: latest
       -
-        name: Run
-        run: |
-          make ${{ matrix.target }}
+        name: Validate
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v4
+        with:
+          targets: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          set: |
+            *.platform=${{ matrix.platform }}

.golangci.yml

@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ linters:
   disable-all: true
 
 linters-settings:
+  govet:
+    enable:
+      - nilness
+      - unusedwrite
+  # enable-all: true
+  # disable:
+  #   - fieldalignment
+  #   - shadow
   depguard:
     rules:
       main:

Dockerfile

@@ -3,15 +3,20 @@
 ARG GO_VERSION=1.21
 ARG XX_VERSION=1.4.0
 
-ARG DOCKER_VERSION=25.0.2
+# for testing
+ARG DOCKER_VERSION=26.0.0
 ARG GOTESTSUM_VERSION=v1.9.0
 ARG REGISTRY_VERSION=2.8.0
-ARG BUILDKIT_VERSION=v0.12.5
+ARG BUILDKIT_VERSION=v0.13.1
+ARG UNDOCK_VERSION=0.7.0
 
-# xx is a helper for cross-compilation
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM tonistiigi/xx:${XX_VERSION} AS xx
-
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine AS golatest
+FROM moby/moby-bin:$DOCKER_VERSION AS docker-engine
+FROM dockereng/cli-bin:$DOCKER_VERSION AS docker-cli
+FROM registry:$REGISTRY_VERSION AS registry
+FROM moby/buildkit:$BUILDKIT_VERSION AS buildkit
+FROM crazymax/undock:$UNDOCK_VERSION AS undock
 
 FROM golatest AS gobase
 COPY --from=xx / /
@@ -20,26 +25,6 @@ ENV GOFLAGS=-mod=vendor
 ENV CGO_ENABLED=0
 WORKDIR /src
 
-FROM registry:$REGISTRY_VERSION AS registry
-
-FROM moby/buildkit:$BUILDKIT_VERSION AS buildkit
-
-FROM gobase AS docker
-ARG TARGETPLATFORM
-ARG DOCKER_VERSION
-WORKDIR /opt/docker
-RUN DOCKER_ARCH=$(case ${TARGETPLATFORM:-linux/amd64} in \
-    "linux/amd64")   echo "x86_64"  ;; \
-    "linux/arm/v6")  echo "armel"   ;; \
-    "linux/arm/v7")  echo "armhf"   ;; \
-    "linux/arm64")   echo "aarch64" ;; \
-    "linux/ppc64le") echo "ppc64le" ;; \
-    "linux/s390x")   echo "s390x"   ;; \
-    *)               echo ""        ;; esac) \
-  && echo "DOCKER_ARCH=$DOCKER_ARCH" \
-  && wget -qO- "https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/${DOCKER_ARCH}/docker-${DOCKER_VERSION}.tgz" | tar xvz --strip 1
-RUN ./dockerd --version && ./containerd --version && ./ctr --version && ./runc --version
-
 FROM gobase AS gotestsum
 ARG GOTESTSUM_VERSION
 ENV GOFLAGS=
@@ -105,9 +90,11 @@ RUN apk add --no-cache \
       xz
 COPY --link --from=gotestsum /out/gotestsum /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=registry /bin/registry /usr/bin/
-COPY --link --from=docker /opt/docker/* /usr/bin/
+COPY --link --from=docker-engine / /usr/bin/
+COPY --link --from=docker-cli / /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=buildkit /usr/bin/buildkitd /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=buildkit /usr/bin/buildctl /usr/bin/
+COPY --link --from=undock /usr/local/bin/undock /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=binaries /buildx /usr/bin/
 
 FROM integration-test-base AS integration-test

MAINTAINERS

@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ made through a pull request.
 			"akihirosuda",
 			"crazy-max",
 			"jedevc",
+			"jsternberg",
 			"tiborvass",
 			"tonistiigi",
 		]
@@ -194,6 +195,11 @@ made through a pull request.
 	Email = "me@jedevc.com"
 	GitHub = "jedevc"
 
+	[people.jsternberg]
+	Name = "Jonathan Sternberg"
+	Email = "jonathan.sternberg@docker.com"
+	GitHub = "jsternberg"
+
 	[people.thajeztah]
 	Name = "Sebastiaan van Stijn"
 	Email = "github@gone.nl"

Makefile

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ endif
 
 export BUILDX_CMD ?= docker buildx
 
+BAKE_TARGETS := binaries binaries-cross lint lint-gopls validate-vendor validate-docs validate-authors validate-generated-files
+
 .PHONY: all
 all: binaries
 
@@ -19,13 +21,9 @@ build:
 shell:
 	./hack/shell
 
-.PHONY: binaries
-binaries:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake binaries
-
-.PHONY: binaries-cross
-binaries-cross:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake binaries-cross
+.PHONY: $(BAKE_TARGETS)
+$(BAKE_TARGETS):
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake $@
 
 .PHONY: install
 install: binaries
@@ -39,10 +37,6 @@ release:
 .PHONY: validate-all
 validate-all: lint test validate-vendor validate-docs validate-generated-files
 
-.PHONY: lint
-lint:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake lint
-
 .PHONY: test
 test:
 	./hack/test
@@ -55,22 +49,6 @@ test-unit:
 test-integration:
 	TESTPKGS=./tests ./hack/test
 
-.PHONY: validate-vendor
-validate-vendor:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-vendor
-
-.PHONY: validate-docs
-validate-docs:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-docs
-
-.PHONY: validate-authors
-validate-authors:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-authors
-
-.PHONY: validate-generated-files
-validate-generated-files:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-generated-files
-
 .PHONY: test-driver
 test-driver:
 	./hack/test-driver

README.md

@@ -187,12 +187,12 @@ through various "drivers". Each driver defines how and where a build should
 run, and have different feature sets.
 
 We currently support the following drivers:
-- The `docker` driver ([guide](docs/manuals/drivers/docker.md), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
-- The `docker-container` driver ([guide](docs/manuals/drivers/docker-container.md), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
-- The `kubernetes` driver ([guide](docs/manuals/drivers/kubernetes.md), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
-- The `remote` driver ([guide](docs/manuals/drivers/remote.md))
+- The `docker` driver ([guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/docker/), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
+- The `docker-container` driver ([guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/docker-container/), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
+- The `kubernetes` driver ([guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/kubernetes/), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
+- The `remote` driver ([guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/remote/))
 
-For more information on drivers, see the [drivers guide](docs/manuals/drivers/index.md).
+For more information on drivers, see the [drivers guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/).
 
 ## Working with builder instances
 

bake/bake.go

@@ -894,19 +894,17 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override) error {
 			}
 			t.Pull = &pull
 		case "push":
-			_, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+			push, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
 			if err != nil {
 				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key push", value)
 			}
-			if len(t.Outputs) == 0 {
-				t.Outputs = append(t.Outputs, "type=image,push=true")
-			} else {
-				for i, output := range t.Outputs {
-					if typ := parseOutputType(output); typ == "image" || typ == "registry" {
-						t.Outputs[i] = t.Outputs[i] + ",push=" + value
-					}
-				}
+			t.Outputs = setPushOverride(t.Outputs, push)
+		case "load":
+			load, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key load", value)
 			}
+			t.Outputs = setLoadOverride(t.Outputs, load)
 		default:
 			return errors.Errorf("unknown key: %s", keys[0])
 		}
@@ -1394,23 +1392,90 @@ func removeAttestDupes(s []string) []string {
 	return res
 }
 
-func parseOutputType(str string) string {
+func parseOutput(str string) map[string]string {
 	csvReader := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(str))
 	fields, err := csvReader.Read()
 	if err != nil {
-		return ""
+		return nil
 	}
+	res := map[string]string{}
 	for _, field := range fields {
 		parts := strings.SplitN(field, "=", 2)
 		if len(parts) == 2 {
-			if parts[0] == "type" {
-				return parts[1]
-			}
+			res[parts[0]] = parts[1]
+		}
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+func parseOutputType(str string) string {
+	if out := parseOutput(str); out != nil {
+		if v, ok := out["type"]; ok {
+			return v
 		}
 	}
 	return ""
 }
 
+func setPushOverride(outputs []string, push bool) []string {
+	var out []string
+	setPush := true
+	for _, output := range outputs {
+		typ := parseOutputType(output)
+		if typ == "image" || typ == "registry" {
+			// no need to set push if image or registry types already defined
+			setPush = false
+			if typ == "registry" {
+				if !push {
+					// don't set registry output if "push" is false
+					continue
+				}
+				// no need to set "push" attribute to true for registry
+				out = append(out, output)
+				continue
+			}
+			out = append(out, output+",push="+strconv.FormatBool(push))
+		} else {
+			if typ != "docker" {
+				// if there is any output that is not docker, don't set "push"
+				setPush = false
+			}
+			out = append(out, output)
+		}
+	}
+	if push && setPush {
+		out = append(out, "type=image,push=true")
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func setLoadOverride(outputs []string, load bool) []string {
+	if !load {
+		return outputs
+	}
+	setLoad := true
+	for _, output := range outputs {
+		if typ := parseOutputType(output); typ == "docker" {
+			if v := parseOutput(output); v != nil {
+				// dest set means we want to output as tar so don't set load
+				if _, ok := v["dest"]; !ok {
+					setLoad = false
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		} else if typ != "image" && typ != "registry" && typ != "oci" {
+			// if there is any output that is not an image, registry
+			// or oci, don't set "load" similar to push override
+			setLoad = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if setLoad {
+		outputs = append(outputs, "type=docker")
+	}
+	return outputs
+}
+
 func validateTargetName(name string) error {
 	if !targetNamePattern.MatchString(name) {
 		return errors.Errorf("only %q are allowed", validTargetNameChars)

bake/bake_test.go

@@ -217,48 +217,252 @@ target "webapp" {
 }
 
 func TestPushOverride(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
+	t.Run("empty output", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, "type=image,push=true", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+	})
 
-	fp := File{
-		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
-		Data: []byte(
-			`target "app" {
+	t.Run("type image", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
 				output = ["type=image,compression=zstd"]
 			}`),
-	}
-	ctx := context.TODO()
-	m, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=true"}, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, "type=image,compression=zstd,push=true", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+	})
 
-	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
-	require.Equal(t, "type=image,compression=zstd,push=true", m["app"].Outputs[0])
-
-	fp = File{
-		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
-		Data: []byte(
-			`target "app" {
+	t.Run("type image push false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
 				output = ["type=image,compression=zstd"]
 			}`),
-	}
-	ctx = context.TODO()
-	m, _, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=false"}, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=false"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, "type=image,compression=zstd,push=false", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+	})
 
-	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
-	require.Equal(t, "type=image,compression=zstd,push=false", m["app"].Outputs[0])
-
-	fp = File{
-		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
-		Data: []byte(
-			`target "app" {
+	t.Run("type registry", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=registry"]
 			}`),
-	}
-	ctx = context.TODO()
-	m, _, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=true"}, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, "type=registry", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+	})
 
-	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
-	require.Equal(t, "type=image,push=true", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+	t.Run("type registry push false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=registry"]
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=false"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type local and empty target", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "foo" {
+		  		output = [ "type=local,dest=out" ]
+			}
+			target "bar" {
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"foo", "bar"}, []string{"*.push=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["foo"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=out"}, m["foo"].Outputs)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["bar"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=image,push=true"}, m["bar"].Outputs)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLoadOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("empty output", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.load=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, "type=docker", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type docker", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=docker"]
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.load=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker"}, m["app"].Outputs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type image", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=image"]
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.load=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=image", "type=docker"}, m["app"].Outputs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type image load false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=image"]
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.load=false"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=image"}, m["app"].Outputs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type registry", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=registry"]
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.load=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=registry", "type=docker"}, m["app"].Outputs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type oci", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=oci,dest=out"]
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.load=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=oci,dest=out", "type=docker"}, m["app"].Outputs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type docker with dest", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=docker,dest=out"]
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.load=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker,dest=out", "type=docker"}, m["app"].Outputs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type local and empty target", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "foo" {
+		  		output = [ "type=local,dest=out" ]
+			}
+			target "bar" {
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"foo", "bar"}, []string{"*.load=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["foo"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=out"}, m["foo"].Outputs)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["bar"].Outputs))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker"}, m["bar"].Outputs)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLoadAndPushOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("type local and empty target", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "foo" {
+		  		output = [ "type=local,dest=out" ]
+			}
+			target "bar" {
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"foo", "bar"}, []string{"*.load=true", "*.push=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["foo"].Outputs))
+		sort.Strings(m["foo"].Outputs)
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=out"}, m["foo"].Outputs)
+
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m["bar"].Outputs))
+		sort.Strings(m["bar"].Outputs)
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker", "type=image,push=true"}, m["bar"].Outputs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type registry", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := File{
+			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+			Data: []byte(
+				`target "foo" {
+		  		output = [ "type=registry" ]
+			}`),
+		}
+		m, _, err := ReadTargets(context.TODO(), []File{fp}, []string{"foo"}, []string{"*.load=true", "*.push=true"}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(m["foo"].Outputs))
+		sort.Strings(m["foo"].Outputs)
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker", "type=registry"}, m["foo"].Outputs)
+	})
 }
 
 func TestReadTargetsCompose(t *testing.T) {

bake/compose.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/dotenv"
@@ -107,6 +108,13 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 				}
 			}
 
+			var ssh []string
+			for _, bkey := range s.Build.SSH {
+				sshkey := composeToBuildkitSSH(bkey)
+				ssh = append(ssh, sshkey)
+			}
+			sort.Strings(ssh)
+
 			var secrets []string
 			for _, bs := range s.Build.Secrets {
 				secret, err := composeToBuildkitSecret(bs, cfg.Secrets[bs.Source])
@@ -142,6 +150,7 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 				CacheFrom:   s.Build.CacheFrom,
 				CacheTo:     s.Build.CacheTo,
 				NetworkMode: &s.Build.Network,
+				SSH:         ssh,
 				Secrets:     secrets,
 				ShmSize:     shmSize,
 				Ulimits:     ulimits,
@@ -275,7 +284,7 @@ type xbake struct {
 	NoCacheFilter stringArray `yaml:"no-cache-filter,omitempty"`
 	Contexts      stringMap   `yaml:"contexts,omitempty"`
 	// don't forget to update documentation if you add a new field:
-	// docs/manuals/bake/compose-file.md#extension-field-with-x-bake
+	// https://github.com/docker/docs/blob/main/content/build/bake/compose-file.md#extension-field-with-x-bake
 }
 
 type stringMap map[string]string
@@ -325,6 +334,7 @@ func (t *Target) composeExtTarget(exts map[string]interface{}) error {
 	}
 	if len(xb.SSH) > 0 {
 		t.SSH = dedupSlice(append(t.SSH, xb.SSH...))
+		sort.Strings(t.SSH)
 	}
 	if len(xb.Platforms) > 0 {
 		t.Platforms = dedupSlice(append(t.Platforms, xb.Platforms...))
@@ -368,3 +378,17 @@ func composeToBuildkitSecret(inp composetypes.ServiceSecretConfig, psecret compo
 
 	return strings.Join(bkattrs, ","), nil
 }
+
+// composeToBuildkitSSH converts secret from compose format to buildkit's
+// csv format.
+func composeToBuildkitSSH(sshKey composetypes.SSHKey) string {
+	var bkattrs []string
+
+	bkattrs = append(bkattrs, sshKey.ID)
+
+	if sshKey.Path != "" {
+		bkattrs = append(bkattrs, sshKey.Path)
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(bkattrs, "=")
+}

bake/compose_test.go

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ services:
         - type=local,src=path/to/cache
       cache_to:
         - type=local,dest=path/to/cache
+      ssh:
+        - key=path/to/key
+        - default
       secrets:
         - token
         - aws
@@ -74,6 +77,7 @@ secrets:
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[1].CacheFrom)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[1].CacheTo)
 	require.Equal(t, "none", *c.Targets[1].NetworkMode)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key"}, c.Targets[1].SSH)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{
 		"id=token,env=ENV_TOKEN",
 		"id=aws,src=/root/.aws/credentials",
@@ -278,6 +282,8 @@ services:
         - user/app:cache
       tags:
         - ct-addon:baz
+      ssh:
+        key: path/to/key
       args:
         CT_ECR: foo
         CT_TAG: bar
@@ -287,6 +293,9 @@ services:
         tags:
           - ct-addon:foo
           - ct-addon:alp
+        ssh:
+          - default
+          - other=path/to/otherkey
         platforms:
           - linux/amd64
           - linux/arm64
@@ -329,6 +338,7 @@ services:
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"}, c.Targets[0].Platforms)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheFrom)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheTo)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key", "other=path/to/otherkey"}, c.Targets[0].SSH)
 	require.Equal(t, newBool(true), c.Targets[0].Pull)
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"alpine": "docker-image://alpine:3.13"}, c.Targets[0].Contexts)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"ct-fake-aws:bar"}, c.Targets[1].Tags)
@@ -353,6 +363,8 @@ services:
         - user/app:cache
       tags:
         - ct-addon:foo
+      ssh:
+        - default
       x-bake:
         tags:
           - ct-addon:foo
@@ -362,6 +374,9 @@ services:
           - type=local,src=path/to/cache
         cache-to:
           - type=local,dest=path/to/cache
+        ssh:
+          - default
+          - key=path/to/key
 `)
 
 	c, err := ParseCompose([]composetypes.ConfigFile{{Content: dt}}, nil)
@@ -370,6 +385,7 @@ services:
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"ct-addon:foo", "ct-addon:baz"}, c.Targets[0].Tags)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheFrom)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheTo)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key"}, c.Targets[0].SSH)
 }
 
 func TestEnv(t *testing.T) {

bake/hcl_test.go

@@ -1445,6 +1445,39 @@ func TestVarUnsupportedType(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Error(t, err)
 }
 
+func TestHCLIndexOfFunc(t *testing.T) {
+	dt := []byte(`
+		variable "APP_VERSIONS" {
+		  default = [
+			"1.42.4",
+			"1.42.3"
+		  ]
+		}
+		target "default" {
+			args = {
+				APP_VERSION = app_version
+			}
+			matrix = {
+				app_version = APP_VERSIONS
+			}
+			name="app-${replace(app_version, ".", "-")}"
+			tags = [
+				"app:${app_version}",
+				indexof(APP_VERSIONS, app_version) == 0 ? "app:latest" : "",
+			]
+		}
+		`)
+
+	c, err := ParseFile(dt, "docker-bake.hcl")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets))
+	require.Equal(t, "app-1-42-4", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, "app:latest", c.Targets[0].Tags[1])
+	require.Equal(t, "app-1-42-3", c.Targets[1].Name)
+	require.Empty(t, c.Targets[1].Tags[1])
+}
+
 func ptrstr(s interface{}) *string {
 	var n *string
 	if reflect.ValueOf(s).Kind() == reflect.String {

bake/hclparser/stdlib.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-cty-funcs/uuid"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/ext/tryfunc"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/ext/typeexpr"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/function"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/function/stdlib"
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ var stdlibFunctions = map[string]function.Function{
 	"hasindex":               stdlib.HasIndexFunc,
 	"indent":                 stdlib.IndentFunc,
 	"index":                  stdlib.IndexFunc,
+	"indexof":                indexOfFunc,
 	"int":                    stdlib.IntFunc,
 	"join":                   stdlib.JoinFunc,
 	"jsondecode":             stdlib.JSONDecodeFunc,
@@ -115,6 +117,51 @@ var stdlibFunctions = map[string]function.Function{
 	"zipmap":                 stdlib.ZipmapFunc,
 }
 
+// indexOfFunc constructs a function that finds the element index for a given
+// value in a list.
+var indexOfFunc = function.New(&function.Spec{
+	Params: []function.Parameter{
+		{
+			Name: "list",
+			Type: cty.DynamicPseudoType,
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "value",
+			Type: cty.DynamicPseudoType,
+		},
+	},
+	Type: function.StaticReturnType(cty.Number),
+	Impl: func(args []cty.Value, retType cty.Type) (ret cty.Value, err error) {
+		if !(args[0].Type().IsListType() || args[0].Type().IsTupleType()) {
+			return cty.NilVal, errors.New("argument must be a list or tuple")
+		}
+
+		if !args[0].IsKnown() {
+			return cty.UnknownVal(cty.Number), nil
+		}
+
+		if args[0].LengthInt() == 0 { // Easy path
+			return cty.NilVal, errors.New("cannot search an empty list")
+		}
+
+		for it := args[0].ElementIterator(); it.Next(); {
+			i, v := it.Element()
+			eq, err := stdlib.Equal(v, args[1])
+			if err != nil {
+				return cty.NilVal, err
+			}
+			if !eq.IsKnown() {
+				return cty.UnknownVal(cty.Number), nil
+			}
+			if eq.True() {
+				return i, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return cty.NilVal, errors.New("item not found")
+
+	},
+})
+
 // timestampFunc constructs a function that returns a string representation of the current date and time.
 //
 // This function was imported from terraform's datetime utilities.

bake/hclparser/stdlib_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package hclparser
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
+)
+
+func TestIndexOf(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		input   cty.Value
+		key     cty.Value
+		want    cty.Value
+		wantErr bool
+	}
+	tests := map[string]testCase{
+		"index 0": {
+			input: cty.TupleVal([]cty.Value{cty.StringVal("one"), cty.NumberIntVal(2.0), cty.NumberIntVal(3), cty.StringVal("four")}),
+			key:   cty.StringVal("one"),
+			want:  cty.NumberIntVal(0),
+		},
+		"index 3": {
+			input: cty.TupleVal([]cty.Value{cty.StringVal("one"), cty.NumberIntVal(2.0), cty.NumberIntVal(3), cty.StringVal("four")}),
+			key:   cty.StringVal("four"),
+			want:  cty.NumberIntVal(3),
+		},
+		"index -1": {
+			input:   cty.TupleVal([]cty.Value{cty.StringVal("one"), cty.NumberIntVal(2.0), cty.NumberIntVal(3), cty.StringVal("four")}),
+			key:     cty.StringVal("3"),
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, test := range tests {
+		name, test := name, test
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := indexOfFunc.Call([]cty.Value{test.input, test.key})
+			if err != nil {
+				if test.wantErr {
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+			}
+			if !got.RawEquals(test.want) {
+				t.Errorf("wrong result\ngot:  %#v\nwant: %#v", got, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

bake/remote.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	controllerapi "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
@@ -23,13 +25,34 @@ type Input struct {
 }
 
 func ReadRemoteFiles(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, url string, names []string, pw progress.Writer) ([]File, *Input, error) {
-	var session []session.Attachable
+	var sessions []session.Attachable
 	var filename string
+
 	st, ok := dockerui.DetectGitContext(url, false)
 	if ok {
-		ssh, err := controllerapi.CreateSSH([]*controllerapi.SSH{{ID: "default"}})
-		if err == nil {
-			session = append(session, ssh)
+		if ssh, err := controllerapi.CreateSSH([]*controllerapi.SSH{{
+			ID:    "default",
+			Paths: strings.Split(os.Getenv("BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_SSH"), ","),
+		}}); err == nil {
+			sessions = append(sessions, ssh)
+		}
+		var gitAuthSecrets []*controllerapi.Secret
+		if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_TOKEN"); ok {
+			gitAuthSecrets = append(gitAuthSecrets, &controllerapi.Secret{
+				ID:  llb.GitAuthTokenKey,
+				Env: "BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_TOKEN",
+			})
+		}
+		if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_HEADER"); ok {
+			gitAuthSecrets = append(gitAuthSecrets, &controllerapi.Secret{
+				ID:  llb.GitAuthHeaderKey,
+				Env: "BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_HEADER",
+			})
+		}
+		if len(gitAuthSecrets) > 0 {
+			if secrets, err := controllerapi.CreateSecrets(gitAuthSecrets); err == nil {
+				sessions = append(sessions, secrets)
+			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		st, filename, ok = dockerui.DetectHTTPContext(url)
@@ -59,7 +82,7 @@ func ReadRemoteFiles(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, url string, name
 
 	ch, done := progress.NewChannel(pw)
 	defer func() { <-done }()
-	_, err = c.Build(ctx, client.SolveOpt{Session: session, Internal: true}, "buildx", func(ctx context.Context, c gwclient.Client) (*gwclient.Result, error) {
+	_, err = c.Build(ctx, client.SolveOpt{Session: sessions, Internal: true}, "buildx", func(ctx context.Context, c gwclient.Client) (*gwclient.Result, error) {
 		def, err := st.Marshal(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err

build/build.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package build
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	_ "crypto/sha256" // ensure digests can be computed
@@ -10,44 +9,32 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content/local"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/images"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/dockerutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/imagetools"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/osutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/resolver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/waitmap"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/builder/remotecontext/urlutil"
+	imagetypes "github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/jsonmessage"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/ociindex"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/exporter/containerimage/exptypes"
 	gateway "github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/gateway/client"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/identity"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/upload/uploadprovider"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb"
 	spb "github.com/moby/buildkit/sourcepolicy/pb"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/apicaps"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/progress/progresswriter"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing"
@@ -65,8 +52,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 const (
-	//nolint:gosec // G101: false-positive
-	printFallbackImage = "docker/dockerfile:1.5.2-labs@sha256:f2e91734a84c0922ff47aa4098ab775f1dfa932430d2888dd5cad5251fafdac4"
+	printFallbackImage     = "docker/dockerfile:1.5@sha256:dbbd5e059e8a07ff7ea6233b213b36aa516b4c53c645f1817a4dd18b83cbea56"
+	printLintFallbackImage = "docker.io/docker/dockerfile-upstream:1.8.0-rc2@sha256:515538ca94186029d466cf4c10c61b5147e849c592955e3a78922e24595c63a9"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -92,16 +79,18 @@ type Options struct {
 	Target        string
 	Ulimits       *opts.UlimitOpt
 
-	Session      []session.Attachable
-	Linked       bool // Linked marks this target as exclusively linked (not requested by the user).
-	PrintFunc    *PrintFunc
-	SourcePolicy *spb.Policy
-	GroupRef     string
+	Session                []session.Attachable
+	Linked                 bool // Linked marks this target as exclusively linked (not requested by the user).
+	PrintFunc              *PrintFunc
+	WithProvenanceResponse bool
+	SourcePolicy           *spb.Policy
+	GroupRef               string
 }
 
 type PrintFunc struct {
-	Name   string
-	Format string
+	Name         string
+	Format       string
+	IgnoreStatus bool
 }
 
 type Inputs struct {
@@ -157,324 +146,6 @@ func toRepoOnly(in string) (string, error) {
 	return strings.Join(out, ","), nil
 }
 
-func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Options, bopts gateway.BuildOpts, configDir string, pw progress.Writer, docker *dockerutil.Client) (solveOpt *client.SolveOpt, release func(), err error) {
-	nodeDriver := node.Driver
-	defers := make([]func(), 0, 2)
-	releaseF := func() {
-		for _, f := range defers {
-			f()
-		}
-	}
-
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			releaseF()
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// inline cache from build arg
-	if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_INLINE_CACHE"]; ok {
-		if v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v); v {
-			opt.CacheTo = append(opt.CacheTo, client.CacheOptionsEntry{
-				Type:  "inline",
-				Attrs: map[string]string{},
-			})
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, e := range opt.CacheTo {
-		if e.Type != "inline" && !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.CacheExport] {
-			return nil, nil, notSupported(driver.CacheExport, nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/build-cache-backends/")
-		}
-	}
-
-	cacheTo := make([]client.CacheOptionsEntry, 0, len(opt.CacheTo))
-	for _, e := range opt.CacheTo {
-		if e.Type == "gha" {
-			if !bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("cache.gha")) {
-				continue
-			}
-		} else if e.Type == "s3" {
-			if !bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("cache.s3")) {
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-		cacheTo = append(cacheTo, e)
-	}
-
-	cacheFrom := make([]client.CacheOptionsEntry, 0, len(opt.CacheFrom))
-	for _, e := range opt.CacheFrom {
-		if e.Type == "gha" {
-			if !bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("cache.gha")) {
-				continue
-			}
-		} else if e.Type == "s3" {
-			if !bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("cache.s3")) {
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-		cacheFrom = append(cacheFrom, e)
-	}
-
-	so := client.SolveOpt{
-		Ref:                 opt.Ref,
-		Frontend:            "dockerfile.v0",
-		FrontendAttrs:       map[string]string{},
-		LocalDirs:           map[string]string{},
-		CacheExports:        cacheTo,
-		CacheImports:        cacheFrom,
-		AllowedEntitlements: opt.Allow,
-		SourcePolicy:        opt.SourcePolicy,
-	}
-
-	if so.Ref == "" {
-		so.Ref = identity.NewID()
-	}
-
-	if opt.CgroupParent != "" {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["cgroup-parent"] = opt.CgroupParent
-	}
-
-	if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_MULTI_PLATFORM"]; ok {
-		if v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v); v {
-			so.FrontendAttrs["multi-platform"] = "true"
-		}
-	}
-
-	if multiDriver {
-		// force creation of manifest list
-		so.FrontendAttrs["multi-platform"] = "true"
-	}
-
-	attests := make(map[string]string)
-	for k, v := range opt.Attests {
-		if v != nil {
-			attests[k] = *v
-		}
-	}
-
-	supportAttestations := bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("exporter.image.attestations")) && nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.MultiPlatform]
-	if len(attests) > 0 {
-		if !supportAttestations {
-			if !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.MultiPlatform] {
-				return nil, nil, notSupported("Attestation", nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/attestations/")
-			}
-			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("Attestations are not supported by the current BuildKit daemon")
-		}
-		for k, v := range attests {
-			so.FrontendAttrs["attest:"+k] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := opt.Attests["provenance"]; !ok && supportAttestations {
-		const noAttestEnv = "BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_ATTESTATIONS"
-		var noProv bool
-		if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(noAttestEnv); ok {
-			noProv, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "invalid "+noAttestEnv)
-			}
-		}
-		if !noProv {
-			so.FrontendAttrs["attest:provenance"] = "mode=min,inline-only=true"
-		}
-	}
-
-	switch len(opt.Exports) {
-	case 1:
-		// valid
-	case 0:
-		if nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() && !noDefaultLoad() {
-			// backwards compat for docker driver only:
-			// this ensures the build results in a docker image.
-			opt.Exports = []client.ExportEntry{{Type: "image", Attrs: map[string]string{}}}
-		}
-	default:
-		if err := bopts.LLBCaps.Supports(pb.CapMultipleExporters); err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("multiple outputs currently unsupported by the current BuildKit daemon, please upgrade to version v0.13+ or use a single output")
-		}
-	}
-
-	// fill in image exporter names from tags
-	if len(opt.Tags) > 0 {
-		tags := make([]string, len(opt.Tags))
-		for i, tag := range opt.Tags {
-			ref, err := reference.Parse(tag)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid tag %q", tag)
-			}
-			tags[i] = ref.String()
-		}
-		for i, e := range opt.Exports {
-			switch e.Type {
-			case "image", "oci", "docker":
-				opt.Exports[i].Attrs["name"] = strings.Join(tags, ",")
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		for _, e := range opt.Exports {
-			if e.Type == "image" && e.Attrs["name"] == "" && e.Attrs["push"] != "" {
-				if ok, _ := strconv.ParseBool(e.Attrs["push"]); ok {
-					return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("tag is needed when pushing to registry")
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// cacheonly is a fake exporter to opt out of default behaviors
-	exports := make([]client.ExportEntry, 0, len(opt.Exports))
-	for _, e := range opt.Exports {
-		if e.Type != "cacheonly" {
-			exports = append(exports, e)
-		}
-	}
-	opt.Exports = exports
-
-	// set up exporters
-	for i, e := range opt.Exports {
-		if e.Type == "oci" && !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.OCIExporter] {
-			return nil, nil, notSupported(driver.OCIExporter, nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/build-exporters/")
-		}
-		if e.Type == "docker" {
-			features := docker.Features(ctx, e.Attrs["context"])
-			if features[dockerutil.OCIImporter] && e.Output == nil {
-				// rely on oci importer if available (which supports
-				// multi-platform images), otherwise fall back to docker
-				opt.Exports[i].Type = "oci"
-			} else if len(opt.Platforms) > 1 || len(attests) > 0 {
-				if e.Output != nil {
-					return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("docker exporter does not support exporting manifest lists, use the oci exporter instead")
-				}
-				return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("docker exporter does not currently support exporting manifest lists")
-			}
-			if e.Output == nil {
-				if nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() {
-					e.Type = "image"
-				} else {
-					w, cancel, err := docker.LoadImage(ctx, e.Attrs["context"], pw)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, nil, err
-					}
-					defers = append(defers, cancel)
-					opt.Exports[i].Output = func(_ map[string]string) (io.WriteCloser, error) {
-						return w, nil
-					}
-				}
-			} else if !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.DockerExporter] {
-				return nil, nil, notSupported(driver.DockerExporter, nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/build-exporters/")
-			}
-		}
-		if e.Type == "image" && nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() {
-			opt.Exports[i].Type = "moby"
-			if e.Attrs["push"] != "" {
-				if ok, _ := strconv.ParseBool(e.Attrs["push"]); ok {
-					if ok, _ := strconv.ParseBool(e.Attrs["push-by-digest"]); ok {
-						return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("push-by-digest is currently not implemented for docker driver, please create a new builder instance")
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if e.Type == "docker" || e.Type == "image" || e.Type == "oci" {
-			// inline buildinfo attrs from build arg
-			if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_INLINE_BUILDINFO_ATTRS"]; ok {
-				e.Attrs["buildinfo-attrs"] = v
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	so.Exports = opt.Exports
-	so.Session = opt.Session
-
-	releaseLoad, err := LoadInputs(ctx, nodeDriver, opt.Inputs, pw, &so)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	defers = append(defers, releaseLoad)
-
-	if sharedKey := so.LocalDirs["context"]; sharedKey != "" {
-		if p, err := filepath.Abs(sharedKey); err == nil {
-			sharedKey = filepath.Base(p)
-		}
-		so.SharedKey = sharedKey + ":" + confutil.TryNodeIdentifier(configDir)
-	}
-
-	if opt.Pull {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["image-resolve-mode"] = pb.AttrImageResolveModeForcePull
-	} else if nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() {
-		// moby driver always resolves local images by default
-		so.FrontendAttrs["image-resolve-mode"] = pb.AttrImageResolveModePreferLocal
-	}
-	if opt.Target != "" {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["target"] = opt.Target
-	}
-	if len(opt.NoCacheFilter) > 0 {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["no-cache"] = strings.Join(opt.NoCacheFilter, ",")
-	}
-	if opt.NoCache {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["no-cache"] = ""
-	}
-	for k, v := range opt.BuildArgs {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["build-arg:"+k] = v
-	}
-	for k, v := range opt.Labels {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["label:"+k] = v
-	}
-
-	for k, v := range node.ProxyConfig {
-		if _, ok := opt.BuildArgs[k]; !ok {
-			so.FrontendAttrs["build-arg:"+k] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	// set platforms
-	if len(opt.Platforms) != 0 {
-		pp := make([]string, len(opt.Platforms))
-		for i, p := range opt.Platforms {
-			pp[i] = platforms.Format(p)
-		}
-		if len(pp) > 1 && !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.MultiPlatform] {
-			return nil, nil, notSupported(driver.MultiPlatform, nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/build-multi-platform/")
-		}
-		so.FrontendAttrs["platform"] = strings.Join(pp, ",")
-	}
-
-	// setup networkmode
-	switch opt.NetworkMode {
-	case "host":
-		so.FrontendAttrs["force-network-mode"] = opt.NetworkMode
-		so.AllowedEntitlements = append(so.AllowedEntitlements, entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost)
-	case "none":
-		so.FrontendAttrs["force-network-mode"] = opt.NetworkMode
-	case "", "default":
-	default:
-		return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("network mode %q not supported by buildkit - you can define a custom network for your builder using the network driver-opt in buildx create", opt.NetworkMode)
-	}
-
-	// setup extrahosts
-	extraHosts, err := toBuildkitExtraHosts(ctx, opt.ExtraHosts, nodeDriver)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	if len(extraHosts) > 0 {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["add-hosts"] = extraHosts
-	}
-
-	// setup shm size
-	if opt.ShmSize.Value() > 0 {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["shm-size"] = strconv.FormatInt(opt.ShmSize.Value(), 10)
-	}
-
-	// setup ulimits
-	ulimits, err := toBuildkitUlimits(opt.Ulimits)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	} else if len(ulimits) > 0 {
-		so.FrontendAttrs["ulimit"] = ulimits
-	}
-
-	return &so, releaseF, nil
-}
-
 func Build(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[string]Options, docker *dockerutil.Client, configDir string, w progress.Writer) (resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse, err error) {
 	return BuildWithResultHandler(ctx, nodes, opt, docker, configDir, w, nil)
 }
@@ -489,7 +160,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "no valid drivers found")
 	}
 
-	var noMobyDriver driver.Driver
+	var noMobyDriver *driver.DriverHandle
 	for _, n := range nodes {
 		if !n.Driver.IsMobyDriver() {
 			noMobyDriver = n.Driver
@@ -500,6 +171,10 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 	if noMobyDriver != nil && !noDefaultLoad() && noPrintFunc(opt) {
 		var noOutputTargets []string
 		for name, opt := range opt {
+			if noMobyDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.DefaultLoad] {
+				continue
+			}
+
 			if !opt.Linked && len(opt.Exports) == 0 {
 				noOutputTargets = append(noOutputTargets, name)
 			}
@@ -550,7 +225,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			so, release, err := toSolveOpt(ctx, np.Node(), multiDriver, opt, gatewayOpts, configDir, w, docker)
+			so, release, err := toSolveOpt(ctx, np.Node(), multiDriver, opt, gatewayOpts, configDir, addVCSLocalDir, w, docker)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -560,9 +235,6 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 			for k, v := range gitattrs {
 				so.FrontendAttrs[k] = v
 			}
-			if addVCSLocalDir != nil {
-				addVCSLocalDir(so)
-			}
 			defers = append(defers, release)
 			reqn = append(reqn, &reqForNode{
 				resolvedNode: np,
@@ -729,25 +401,8 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 
 						res, err := c.Solve(ctx, req)
 						if err != nil {
-							fallback := false
-							var reqErr *errdefs.UnsupportedSubrequestError
-							if errors.As(err, &reqErr) {
-								switch reqErr.Name {
-								case "frontend.outline", "frontend.targets":
-									fallback = true
-								default:
-									return nil, err
-								}
-							} else {
-								return nil, err
-							}
-							// buildkit v0.8 vendored in Docker 20.10 does not support typed errors
-							if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported request frontend.outline") || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported request frontend.targets") {
-								fallback = true
-							}
-
-							if fallback {
-								req.FrontendOpt["build-arg:BUILDKIT_SYNTAX"] = printFallbackImage
+							req, ok := fallbackPrintError(err, req)
+							if ok {
 								res2, err2 := c.Solve(ctx, req)
 								if err2 != nil {
 									return nil, err
@@ -797,7 +452,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 					} else {
 						rr, err = c.Build(ctx, *so, "buildx", buildFunc, ch)
 					}
-					if desktop.BuildBackendEnabled() && node.Driver.HistoryAPISupported(ctx) {
+					if !so.Internal && desktop.BuildBackendEnabled() && node.Driver.HistoryAPISupported(ctx) {
 						if err != nil {
 							return &desktop.ErrorWithBuildRef{
 								Ref: buildRef,
@@ -818,6 +473,11 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 						rr.ExporterResponse[k] = string(v)
 					}
 					rr.ExporterResponse["buildx.build.ref"] = buildRef
+					if opt.WithProvenanceResponse && node.Driver.HistoryAPISupported(ctx) {
+						if err := setRecordProvenance(ctx, c, rr, so.Ref, pw); err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+					}
 
 					node := dp.Node().Driver
 					if node.IsMobyDriver() {
@@ -878,7 +538,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 				}
 
 				if pushNames != "" {
-					progress.Write(pw, fmt.Sprintf("merging manifest list %s", pushNames), func() error {
+					err := progress.Write(pw, fmt.Sprintf("merging manifest list %s", pushNames), func() error {
 						descs := make([]specs.Descriptor, 0, len(res))
 
 						for _, r := range res {
@@ -947,7 +607,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 								}
 							}
 
-							dt, desc, err := itpull.Combine(ctx, srcs, nil)
+							dt, desc, err := itpull.Combine(ctx, srcs, nil, false)
 							if err != nil {
 								return err
 							}
@@ -974,6 +634,9 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 						}
 						return nil
 					})
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
 				}
 				return nil
 			})
@@ -992,7 +655,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func pushWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, name string, l progress.SubLogger) error {
+func pushWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, name string, l progress.SubLogger) error {
 	api := d.Config().DockerAPI
 	if api == nil {
 		return errors.Errorf("invalid empty Docker API reference") // should never happen
@@ -1002,7 +665,7 @@ func pushWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, name string, l progress.
 		return err
 	}
 
-	rc, err := api.ImagePush(ctx, name, types.ImagePushOptions{
+	rc, err := api.ImagePush(ctx, name, imagetypes.PushOptions{
 		RegistryAuth: creds,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1072,7 +735,7 @@ func pushWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, name string, l progress.
 	return nil
 }
 
-func remoteDigestWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, name string) (string, error) {
+func remoteDigestWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, name string) (string, error) {
 	api := d.Config().DockerAPI
 	if api == nil {
 		return "", errors.Errorf("invalid empty Docker API reference") // should never happen
@@ -1095,231 +758,6 @@ func remoteDigestWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, name string) (st
 	return remoteImage.Descriptor.Digest.String(), nil
 }
 
-func createTempDockerfile(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
-	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "dockerfile")
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(dir, "Dockerfile"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-	if _, err := io.Copy(f, r); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return dir, err
-}
-
-func LoadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, pw progress.Writer, target *client.SolveOpt) (func(), error) {
-	if inp.ContextPath == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("please specify build context (e.g. \".\" for the current directory)")
-	}
-
-	// TODO: handle stdin, symlinks, remote contexts, check files exist
-
-	var (
-		err              error
-		dockerfileReader io.Reader
-		dockerfileDir    string
-		dockerfileName   = inp.DockerfilePath
-		toRemove         []string
-	)
-
-	switch {
-	case inp.ContextState != nil:
-		if target.FrontendInputs == nil {
-			target.FrontendInputs = make(map[string]llb.State)
-		}
-		target.FrontendInputs["context"] = *inp.ContextState
-		target.FrontendInputs["dockerfile"] = *inp.ContextState
-	case inp.ContextPath == "-":
-		if inp.DockerfilePath == "-" {
-			return nil, errStdinConflict
-		}
-
-		buf := bufio.NewReader(inp.InStream)
-		magic, err := buf.Peek(archiveHeaderSize * 2)
-		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to peek context header from STDIN")
-		}
-		if !(err == io.EOF && len(magic) == 0) {
-			if isArchive(magic) {
-				// stdin is context
-				up := uploadprovider.New()
-				target.FrontendAttrs["context"] = up.Add(buf)
-				target.Session = append(target.Session, up)
-			} else {
-				if inp.DockerfilePath != "" {
-					return nil, errDockerfileConflict
-				}
-				// stdin is dockerfile
-				dockerfileReader = buf
-				inp.ContextPath, _ = os.MkdirTemp("", "empty-dir")
-				toRemove = append(toRemove, inp.ContextPath)
-				target.LocalDirs["context"] = inp.ContextPath
-			}
-		}
-	case osutil.IsLocalDir(inp.ContextPath):
-		target.LocalDirs["context"] = inp.ContextPath
-		switch inp.DockerfilePath {
-		case "-":
-			dockerfileReader = inp.InStream
-		case "":
-			dockerfileDir = inp.ContextPath
-		default:
-			dockerfileDir = filepath.Dir(inp.DockerfilePath)
-			dockerfileName = filepath.Base(inp.DockerfilePath)
-		}
-	case IsRemoteURL(inp.ContextPath):
-		if inp.DockerfilePath == "-" {
-			dockerfileReader = inp.InStream
-		} else if filepath.IsAbs(inp.DockerfilePath) {
-			dockerfileDir = filepath.Dir(inp.DockerfilePath)
-			dockerfileName = filepath.Base(inp.DockerfilePath)
-			target.FrontendAttrs["dockerfilekey"] = "dockerfile"
-		}
-		target.FrontendAttrs["context"] = inp.ContextPath
-	default:
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unable to prepare context: path %q not found", inp.ContextPath)
-	}
-
-	if inp.DockerfileInline != "" {
-		dockerfileReader = strings.NewReader(inp.DockerfileInline)
-	}
-
-	if dockerfileReader != nil {
-		dockerfileDir, err = createTempDockerfile(dockerfileReader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		toRemove = append(toRemove, dockerfileDir)
-		dockerfileName = "Dockerfile"
-		target.FrontendAttrs["dockerfilekey"] = "dockerfile"
-	}
-	if urlutil.IsURL(inp.DockerfilePath) {
-		dockerfileDir, err = createTempDockerfileFromURL(ctx, d, inp.DockerfilePath, pw)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		toRemove = append(toRemove, dockerfileDir)
-		dockerfileName = "Dockerfile"
-		target.FrontendAttrs["dockerfilekey"] = "dockerfile"
-		delete(target.FrontendInputs, "dockerfile")
-	}
-
-	if dockerfileName == "" {
-		dockerfileName = "Dockerfile"
-	}
-
-	if dockerfileDir != "" {
-		target.LocalDirs["dockerfile"] = dockerfileDir
-		dockerfileName = handleLowercaseDockerfile(dockerfileDir, dockerfileName)
-	}
-
-	target.FrontendAttrs["filename"] = dockerfileName
-
-	for k, v := range inp.NamedContexts {
-		target.FrontendAttrs["frontend.caps"] = "moby.buildkit.frontend.contexts+forward"
-		if v.State != nil {
-			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "input:" + k
-			if target.FrontendInputs == nil {
-				target.FrontendInputs = make(map[string]llb.State)
-			}
-			target.FrontendInputs[k] = *v.State
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if IsRemoteURL(v.Path) || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "docker-image://") || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "target:") {
-			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = v.Path
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// handle OCI layout
-		if strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "oci-layout://") {
-			pathAlone := strings.TrimPrefix(v.Path, "oci-layout://")
-			localPath := pathAlone
-			localPath, dig, hasDigest := strings.Cut(localPath, "@")
-			localPath, tag, hasTag := strings.Cut(localPath, ":")
-			if !hasTag {
-				tag = "latest"
-				hasTag = true
-			}
-			idx := ociindex.NewStoreIndex(localPath)
-			if !hasDigest {
-				// lookup by name
-				desc, err := idx.Get(tag)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				if desc != nil {
-					dig = string(desc.Digest)
-					hasDigest = true
-				}
-			}
-			if !hasDigest {
-				// lookup single
-				desc, err := idx.GetSingle()
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				if desc != nil {
-					dig = string(desc.Digest)
-					hasDigest = true
-				}
-			}
-			if !hasDigest {
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("oci-layout reference %q could not be resolved", v.Path)
-			}
-			_, err := digest.Parse(dig)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid oci-layout digest %s", dig)
-			}
-
-			store, err := local.NewStore(localPath)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid store at %s", localPath)
-			}
-			storeName := identity.NewID()
-			if target.OCIStores == nil {
-				target.OCIStores = map[string]content.Store{}
-			}
-			target.OCIStores[storeName] = store
-
-			layout := "oci-layout://" + storeName
-			if hasTag {
-				layout += ":" + tag
-			}
-			if hasDigest {
-				layout += "@" + dig
-			}
-
-			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = layout
-			continue
-		}
-		st, err := os.Stat(v.Path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get build context %v", k)
-		}
-		if !st.IsDir() {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(syscall.ENOTDIR, "failed to get build context path %v", v)
-		}
-		localName := k
-		if k == "context" || k == "dockerfile" {
-			localName = "_" + k // underscore to avoid collisions
-		}
-		target.LocalDirs[localName] = v.Path
-		target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "local:" + localName
-	}
-
-	release := func() {
-		for _, dir := range toRemove {
-			os.RemoveAll(dir)
-		}
-	}
-	return release, nil
-}
-
 func resultKey(index int, name string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", index, name)
 }
@@ -1343,11 +781,11 @@ func calculateChildTargets(reqs map[string][]*reqForNode, opt map[string]Options
 }
 
 func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *client.SolveOpt) error {
-	m := map[string]string{}
+	m := map[string][]string{}
 	for k, v := range so.FrontendAttrs {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(k, "context:") && strings.HasPrefix(v, "target:") {
 			target := resultKey(index, strings.TrimPrefix(v, "target:"))
-			m[target] = k
+			m[target] = append(m[target], k)
 		}
 	}
 	if len(m) == 0 {
@@ -1362,7 +800,7 @@ func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *c
 		return err
 	}
 
-	for k, v := range m {
+	for k, contexts := range m {
 		r, ok := res[k]
 		if !ok {
 			continue
@@ -1377,19 +815,45 @@ func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *c
 		if so.FrontendInputs == nil {
 			so.FrontendInputs = map[string]llb.State{}
 		}
-		if len(rr.Refs) > 0 {
-			for platform, r := range rr.Refs {
-				st, err := r.ToState()
+
+		for _, v := range contexts {
+			if len(rr.Refs) > 0 {
+				for platform, r := range rr.Refs {
+					st, err := r.ToState()
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					so.FrontendInputs[k+"::"+platform] = st
+					so.FrontendAttrs[v+"::"+platform] = "input:" + k + "::" + platform
+					metadata := make(map[string][]byte)
+					if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey+"/"+platform]; ok {
+						metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey] = dt
+					}
+					if dt, ok := rr.Metadata["containerimage.buildinfo/"+platform]; ok {
+						metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"] = dt
+					}
+					if len(metadata) > 0 {
+						dt, err := json.Marshal(metadata)
+						if err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+						so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k+"::"+platform] = string(dt)
+					}
+				}
+				delete(so.FrontendAttrs, v)
+			}
+			if rr.Ref != nil {
+				st, err := rr.Ref.ToState()
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				so.FrontendInputs[k+"::"+platform] = st
-				so.FrontendAttrs[v+"::"+platform] = "input:" + k + "::" + platform
+				so.FrontendInputs[k] = st
+				so.FrontendAttrs[v] = "input:" + k
 				metadata := make(map[string][]byte)
-				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey+"/"+platform]; ok {
+				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey]; ok {
 					metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey] = dt
 				}
-				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata["containerimage.buildinfo/"+platform]; ok {
+				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"]; ok {
 					metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"] = dt
 				}
 				if len(metadata) > 0 {
@@ -1397,84 +861,52 @@ func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *c
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
-					so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k+"::"+platform] = string(dt)
+					so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k] = string(dt)
 				}
 			}
-			delete(so.FrontendAttrs, v)
-		}
-		if rr.Ref != nil {
-			st, err := rr.Ref.ToState()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			so.FrontendInputs[k] = st
-			so.FrontendAttrs[v] = "input:" + k
-			metadata := make(map[string][]byte)
-			if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey]; ok {
-				metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey] = dt
-			}
-			if dt, ok := rr.Metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"]; ok {
-				metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"] = dt
-			}
-			if len(metadata) > 0 {
-				dt, err := json.Marshal(metadata)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k] = string(dt)
-			}
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func notSupported(f driver.Feature, d driver.Driver, docs string) error {
-	return errors.Errorf(`%s is not supported for the %s driver.
-Switch to a different driver, or turn on the containerd image store, and try again.
-Learn more at %s`, f, d.Factory().Name(), docs)
-}
-
-func noDefaultLoad() bool {
-	v, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_LOAD")
-	if !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	b, err := strconv.ParseBool(v)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Warnf("invalid non-bool value for BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_LOAD: %s", v)
-	}
-	return b
-}
-
-// handle https://github.com/moby/moby/pull/10858
-func handleLowercaseDockerfile(dir, p string) string {
-	if filepath.Base(p) != "Dockerfile" {
-		return p
+func fallbackPrintError(err error, req gateway.SolveRequest) (gateway.SolveRequest, bool) {
+	if _, ok := req.FrontendOpt["requestid"]; !ok {
+		return req, false
 	}
 
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Dir(filepath.Join(dir, p)))
-	if err != nil {
-		return p
-	}
-
-	names, err := f.Readdirnames(-1)
-	if err != nil {
-		return p
-	}
-
-	foundLowerCase := false
-	for _, n := range names {
-		if n == "Dockerfile" {
-			return p
-		}
-		if n == "dockerfile" {
-			foundLowerCase = true
+	fallback := false
+	fallbackLint := false
+	var reqErr *errdefs.UnsupportedSubrequestError
+	if errors.As(err, &reqErr) {
+		switch reqErr.Name {
+		case "frontend.lint":
+			fallbackLint = true
+			fallthrough
+		case "frontend.outline", "frontend.targets":
+			fallback = true
+		default:
+			return req, false
 		}
 	}
-	if foundLowerCase {
-		return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(p), "dockerfile")
+
+	// buildkit v0.8 vendored in Docker 20.10 does not support typed errors
+	for _, req := range []string{"frontend.outline", "frontend.targets", "frontend.lint"} {
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported request "+req) {
+			fallback = true
+		}
+		if req == "frontend.lint" {
+			fallbackLint = true
+		}
 	}
-	return p
+
+	if fallback {
+		req.FrontendOpt["build-arg:BUILDKIT_SYNTAX"] = printFallbackImage
+		if fallbackLint {
+			req.FrontendOpt["build-arg:BUILDKIT_SYNTAX"] = printLintFallbackImage
+		}
+		return req, true
+	}
+	return req, false
 }
 
 func noPrintFunc(opt map[string]Options) bool {

build/driver.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package build
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
@@ -46,10 +47,22 @@ func (dp resolvedNode) BuildOpts(ctx context.Context) (gateway.BuildOpts, error)
 
 type matchMaker func(specs.Platform) platforms.MatchComparer
 
+type cachedGroup[T any] struct {
+	g       flightcontrol.Group[T]
+	cache   map[int]T
+	cacheMu sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func newCachedGroup[T any]() cachedGroup[T] {
+	return cachedGroup[T]{
+		cache: map[int]T{},
+	}
+}
+
 type nodeResolver struct {
-	nodes   []builder.Node
-	clients flightcontrol.Group[*client.Client]
-	opt     flightcontrol.Group[gateway.BuildOpts]
+	nodes     []builder.Node
+	clients   cachedGroup[*client.Client]
+	buildOpts cachedGroup[gateway.BuildOpts]
 }
 
 func resolveDrivers(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[string]Options, pw progress.Writer) (map[string][]*resolvedNode, error) {
@@ -63,7 +76,9 @@ func resolveDrivers(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[string]Op
 
 func newDriverResolver(nodes []builder.Node) *nodeResolver {
 	r := &nodeResolver{
-		nodes: nodes,
+		nodes:     nodes,
+		clients:   newCachedGroup[*client.Client](),
+		buildOpts: newCachedGroup[gateway.BuildOpts](),
 	}
 	return r
 }
@@ -179,6 +194,7 @@ func (r *nodeResolver) resolve(ctx context.Context, ps []specs.Platform, pw prog
 			resolver:    r,
 			driverIndex: 0,
 		})
+		nodeIdxs = append(nodeIdxs, 0)
 	} else {
 		for i, idx := range nodeIdxs {
 			node := &resolvedNode{
@@ -237,11 +253,24 @@ func (r *nodeResolver) boot(ctx context.Context, idxs []int, pw progress.Writer)
 	for i, idx := range idxs {
 		i, idx := i, idx
 		eg.Go(func() error {
-			c, err := r.clients.Do(ctx, fmt.Sprint(idx), func(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
+			c, err := r.clients.g.Do(ctx, fmt.Sprint(idx), func(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
 				if r.nodes[idx].Driver == nil {
 					return nil, nil
 				}
-				return driver.Boot(ctx, baseCtx, r.nodes[idx].Driver, pw)
+				r.clients.cacheMu.Lock()
+				c, ok := r.clients.cache[idx]
+				r.clients.cacheMu.Unlock()
+				if ok {
+					return c, nil
+				}
+				c, err := driver.Boot(ctx, baseCtx, r.nodes[idx].Driver, pw)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				r.clients.cacheMu.Lock()
+				r.clients.cache[idx] = c
+				r.clients.cacheMu.Unlock()
+				return c, nil
 			})
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -272,14 +301,25 @@ func (r *nodeResolver) opts(ctx context.Context, idxs []int, pw progress.Writer)
 			continue
 		}
 		eg.Go(func() error {
-			opt, err := r.opt.Do(ctx, fmt.Sprint(idx), func(ctx context.Context) (gateway.BuildOpts, error) {
-				opt := gateway.BuildOpts{}
+			opt, err := r.buildOpts.g.Do(ctx, fmt.Sprint(idx), func(ctx context.Context) (gateway.BuildOpts, error) {
+				r.buildOpts.cacheMu.Lock()
+				opt, ok := r.buildOpts.cache[idx]
+				r.buildOpts.cacheMu.Unlock()
+				if ok {
+					return opt, nil
+				}
 				_, err := c.Build(ctx, client.SolveOpt{
 					Internal: true,
 				}, "buildx", func(ctx context.Context, c gateway.Client) (*gateway.Result, error) {
 					opt = c.BuildOpts()
 					return nil, nil
 				}, nil)
+				if err != nil {
+					return gateway.BuildOpts{}, err
+				}
+				r.buildOpts.cacheMu.Lock()
+				r.buildOpts.cache[idx] = opt
+				r.buildOpts.cacheMu.Unlock()
 				return opt, err
 			})
 			if err != nil {

build/git.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 const DockerfileLabel = "com.docker.image.source.entrypoint"
 
-func getGitAttributes(ctx context.Context, contextPath string, dockerfilePath string) (map[string]string, func(*client.SolveOpt), error) {
+func getGitAttributes(ctx context.Context, contextPath string, dockerfilePath string) (map[string]string, func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt), error) {
 	res := make(map[string]string)
 	if contextPath == "" {
 		return nil, nil, nil
@@ -112,26 +112,20 @@ func getGitAttributes(ctx context.Context, contextPath string, dockerfilePath st
 		}
 	}
 
-	return res, func(so *client.SolveOpt) {
+	return res, func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt) {
 		if !setGitInfo || root == "" {
 			return
 		}
-		for k, dir := range so.LocalDirs {
-			dir, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(dir)
-			if err != nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			dir, err = filepath.Abs(dir)
-			if err != nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			if lp, err := osutil.GetLongPathName(dir); err == nil {
-				dir = lp
-			}
-			dir = osutil.SanitizePath(dir)
-			if r, err := filepath.Rel(root, dir); err == nil && !strings.HasPrefix(r, "..") {
-				so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:"+k] = r
-			}
+		dir, err := filepath.Abs(dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if lp, err := osutil.GetLongPathName(dir); err == nil {
+			dir = lp
+		}
+		dir = osutil.SanitizePath(dir)
+		if r, err := filepath.Rel(root, dir); err == nil && !strings.HasPrefix(r, "..") {
+			so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:"+key] = r
 		}
 	}, nil
 }

build/git_test.go

@@ -161,19 +161,17 @@ func TestLocalDirs(t *testing.T) {
 
 	so := &client.SolveOpt{
 		FrontendAttrs: map[string]string{},
-		LocalDirs: map[string]string{
-			"context":    ".",
-			"dockerfile": ".",
-		},
 	}
 
 	_, addVCSLocalDir, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "Dockerfile")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, addVCSLocalDir)
 
-	addVCSLocalDir(so)
+	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("context", ".", so, addVCSLocalDir))
 	require.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:localdir:context")
 	assert.Equal(t, ".", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:context"])
+
+	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("dockerfile", ".", so, addVCSLocalDir))
 	require.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:localdir:dockerfile")
 	assert.Equal(t, ".", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:dockerfile"])
 }
@@ -195,19 +193,17 @@ func TestLocalDirsSub(t *testing.T) {
 
 	so := &client.SolveOpt{
 		FrontendAttrs: map[string]string{},
-		LocalDirs: map[string]string{
-			"context":    ".",
-			"dockerfile": "app",
-		},
 	}
 
 	_, addVCSLocalDir, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "app/Dockerfile")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, addVCSLocalDir)
 
-	addVCSLocalDir(so)
+	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("context", ".", so, addVCSLocalDir))
 	require.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:localdir:context")
 	assert.Equal(t, ".", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:context"])
+
+	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("dockerfile", "app", so, addVCSLocalDir))
 	require.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:localdir:dockerfile")
 	assert.Equal(t, "app", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:dockerfile"])
 }

build/invoke.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func NewContainer(ctx context.Context, resultCtx *ResultHandle, cfg *controllera
 				cancel()
 			}()
 
-			containerCfg, err := resultCtx.getContainerConfig(ctx, c, cfg)
+			containerCfg, err := resultCtx.getContainerConfig(cfg)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}

build/opt.go

@@ -0,0 +1,638 @@
+package build
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content/local"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/dockerutil"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/osutil"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/ociindex"
+	gateway "github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/gateway/client"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/identity"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/upload/uploadprovider"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/apicaps"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil"
+)
+
+func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Options, bopts gateway.BuildOpts, configDir string, addVCSLocalDir func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt), pw progress.Writer, docker *dockerutil.Client) (_ *client.SolveOpt, release func(), err error) {
+	nodeDriver := node.Driver
+	defers := make([]func(), 0, 2)
+	releaseF := func() {
+		for _, f := range defers {
+			f()
+		}
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			releaseF()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// inline cache from build arg
+	if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_INLINE_CACHE"]; ok {
+		if v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v); v {
+			opt.CacheTo = append(opt.CacheTo, client.CacheOptionsEntry{
+				Type:  "inline",
+				Attrs: map[string]string{},
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, e := range opt.CacheTo {
+		if e.Type != "inline" && !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.CacheExport] {
+			return nil, nil, notSupported(driver.CacheExport, nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/build-cache-backends/")
+		}
+	}
+
+	cacheTo := make([]client.CacheOptionsEntry, 0, len(opt.CacheTo))
+	for _, e := range opt.CacheTo {
+		if e.Type == "gha" {
+			if !bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("cache.gha")) {
+				continue
+			}
+		} else if e.Type == "s3" {
+			if !bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("cache.s3")) {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		cacheTo = append(cacheTo, e)
+	}
+
+	cacheFrom := make([]client.CacheOptionsEntry, 0, len(opt.CacheFrom))
+	for _, e := range opt.CacheFrom {
+		if e.Type == "gha" {
+			if !bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("cache.gha")) {
+				continue
+			}
+		} else if e.Type == "s3" {
+			if !bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("cache.s3")) {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		cacheFrom = append(cacheFrom, e)
+	}
+
+	so := client.SolveOpt{
+		Ref:                 opt.Ref,
+		Frontend:            "dockerfile.v0",
+		FrontendAttrs:       map[string]string{},
+		LocalMounts:         map[string]fsutil.FS{},
+		CacheExports:        cacheTo,
+		CacheImports:        cacheFrom,
+		AllowedEntitlements: opt.Allow,
+		SourcePolicy:        opt.SourcePolicy,
+	}
+
+	if so.Ref == "" {
+		so.Ref = identity.NewID()
+	}
+
+	if opt.CgroupParent != "" {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["cgroup-parent"] = opt.CgroupParent
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_MULTI_PLATFORM"]; ok {
+		if v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v); v {
+			so.FrontendAttrs["multi-platform"] = "true"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if multiDriver {
+		// force creation of manifest list
+		so.FrontendAttrs["multi-platform"] = "true"
+	}
+
+	attests := make(map[string]string)
+	for k, v := range opt.Attests {
+		if v != nil {
+			attests[k] = *v
+		}
+	}
+
+	supportAttestations := bopts.LLBCaps.Contains(apicaps.CapID("exporter.image.attestations")) && nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.MultiPlatform]
+	if len(attests) > 0 {
+		if !supportAttestations {
+			if !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.MultiPlatform] {
+				return nil, nil, notSupported("Attestation", nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/attestations/")
+			}
+			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("Attestations are not supported by the current BuildKit daemon")
+		}
+		for k, v := range attests {
+			so.FrontendAttrs["attest:"+k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := opt.Attests["provenance"]; !ok && supportAttestations {
+		const noAttestEnv = "BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_ATTESTATIONS"
+		var noProv bool
+		if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(noAttestEnv); ok {
+			noProv, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "invalid "+noAttestEnv)
+			}
+		}
+		if !noProv {
+			so.FrontendAttrs["attest:provenance"] = "mode=min,inline-only=true"
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch len(opt.Exports) {
+	case 1:
+		// valid
+	case 0:
+		if !noDefaultLoad() && opt.PrintFunc == nil {
+			if nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() {
+				// backwards compat for docker driver only:
+				// this ensures the build results in a docker image.
+				opt.Exports = []client.ExportEntry{{Type: "image", Attrs: map[string]string{}}}
+			} else if nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.DefaultLoad] {
+				opt.Exports = []client.ExportEntry{{Type: "docker", Attrs: map[string]string{}}}
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		if err := bopts.LLBCaps.Supports(pb.CapMultipleExporters); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("multiple outputs currently unsupported by the current BuildKit daemon, please upgrade to version v0.13+ or use a single output")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// fill in image exporter names from tags
+	if len(opt.Tags) > 0 {
+		tags := make([]string, len(opt.Tags))
+		for i, tag := range opt.Tags {
+			ref, err := reference.Parse(tag)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid tag %q", tag)
+			}
+			tags[i] = ref.String()
+		}
+		for i, e := range opt.Exports {
+			switch e.Type {
+			case "image", "oci", "docker":
+				opt.Exports[i].Attrs["name"] = strings.Join(tags, ",")
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		for _, e := range opt.Exports {
+			if e.Type == "image" && e.Attrs["name"] == "" && e.Attrs["push"] != "" {
+				if ok, _ := strconv.ParseBool(e.Attrs["push"]); ok {
+					return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("tag is needed when pushing to registry")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// cacheonly is a fake exporter to opt out of default behaviors
+	exports := make([]client.ExportEntry, 0, len(opt.Exports))
+	for _, e := range opt.Exports {
+		if e.Type != "cacheonly" {
+			exports = append(exports, e)
+		}
+	}
+	opt.Exports = exports
+
+	// set up exporters
+	for i, e := range opt.Exports {
+		if e.Type == "oci" && !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.OCIExporter] {
+			return nil, nil, notSupported(driver.OCIExporter, nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/build-exporters/")
+		}
+		if e.Type == "docker" {
+			features := docker.Features(ctx, e.Attrs["context"])
+			if features[dockerutil.OCIImporter] && e.Output == nil {
+				// rely on oci importer if available (which supports
+				// multi-platform images), otherwise fall back to docker
+				opt.Exports[i].Type = "oci"
+			} else if len(opt.Platforms) > 1 || len(attests) > 0 {
+				if e.Output != nil {
+					return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("docker exporter does not support exporting manifest lists, use the oci exporter instead")
+				}
+				return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("docker exporter does not currently support exporting manifest lists")
+			}
+			if e.Output == nil {
+				if nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() {
+					e.Type = "image"
+				} else {
+					w, cancel, err := docker.LoadImage(ctx, e.Attrs["context"], pw)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, nil, err
+					}
+					defers = append(defers, cancel)
+					opt.Exports[i].Output = func(_ map[string]string) (io.WriteCloser, error) {
+						return w, nil
+					}
+				}
+			} else if !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.DockerExporter] {
+				return nil, nil, notSupported(driver.DockerExporter, nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/build-exporters/")
+			}
+		}
+		if e.Type == "image" && nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() {
+			opt.Exports[i].Type = "moby"
+			if e.Attrs["push"] != "" {
+				if ok, _ := strconv.ParseBool(e.Attrs["push"]); ok {
+					if ok, _ := strconv.ParseBool(e.Attrs["push-by-digest"]); ok {
+						return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("push-by-digest is currently not implemented for docker driver, please create a new builder instance")
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if e.Type == "docker" || e.Type == "image" || e.Type == "oci" {
+			// inline buildinfo attrs from build arg
+			if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_INLINE_BUILDINFO_ATTRS"]; ok {
+				e.Attrs["buildinfo-attrs"] = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	so.Exports = opt.Exports
+	so.Session = opt.Session
+
+	releaseLoad, err := loadInputs(ctx, nodeDriver, opt.Inputs, addVCSLocalDir, pw, &so)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	defers = append(defers, releaseLoad)
+
+	if sharedKey := so.LocalDirs["context"]; sharedKey != "" {
+		if p, err := filepath.Abs(sharedKey); err == nil {
+			sharedKey = filepath.Base(p)
+		}
+		so.SharedKey = sharedKey + ":" + confutil.TryNodeIdentifier(configDir)
+	}
+
+	if opt.Pull {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["image-resolve-mode"] = pb.AttrImageResolveModeForcePull
+	} else if nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() {
+		// moby driver always resolves local images by default
+		so.FrontendAttrs["image-resolve-mode"] = pb.AttrImageResolveModePreferLocal
+	}
+	if opt.Target != "" {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["target"] = opt.Target
+	}
+	if len(opt.NoCacheFilter) > 0 {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["no-cache"] = strings.Join(opt.NoCacheFilter, ",")
+	}
+	if opt.NoCache {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["no-cache"] = ""
+	}
+	for k, v := range opt.BuildArgs {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["build-arg:"+k] = v
+	}
+	for k, v := range opt.Labels {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["label:"+k] = v
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range node.ProxyConfig {
+		if _, ok := opt.BuildArgs[k]; !ok {
+			so.FrontendAttrs["build-arg:"+k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	// set platforms
+	if len(opt.Platforms) != 0 {
+		pp := make([]string, len(opt.Platforms))
+		for i, p := range opt.Platforms {
+			pp[i] = platforms.Format(p)
+		}
+		if len(pp) > 1 && !nodeDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.MultiPlatform] {
+			return nil, nil, notSupported(driver.MultiPlatform, nodeDriver, "https://docs.docker.com/go/build-multi-platform/")
+		}
+		so.FrontendAttrs["platform"] = strings.Join(pp, ",")
+	}
+
+	// setup networkmode
+	switch opt.NetworkMode {
+	case "host":
+		so.FrontendAttrs["force-network-mode"] = opt.NetworkMode
+		so.AllowedEntitlements = append(so.AllowedEntitlements, entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost)
+	case "none":
+		so.FrontendAttrs["force-network-mode"] = opt.NetworkMode
+	case "", "default":
+	default:
+		return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("network mode %q not supported by buildkit - you can define a custom network for your builder using the network driver-opt in buildx create", opt.NetworkMode)
+	}
+
+	// setup extrahosts
+	extraHosts, err := toBuildkitExtraHosts(ctx, opt.ExtraHosts, nodeDriver)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if len(extraHosts) > 0 {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["add-hosts"] = extraHosts
+	}
+
+	// setup shm size
+	if opt.ShmSize.Value() > 0 {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["shm-size"] = strconv.FormatInt(opt.ShmSize.Value(), 10)
+	}
+
+	// setup ulimits
+	ulimits, err := toBuildkitUlimits(opt.Ulimits)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if len(ulimits) > 0 {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["ulimit"] = ulimits
+	}
+
+	// mark info request as internal
+	if opt.PrintFunc != nil {
+		so.Internal = true
+	}
+
+	return &so, releaseF, nil
+}
+
+func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSLocalDir func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt), pw progress.Writer, target *client.SolveOpt) (func(), error) {
+	if inp.ContextPath == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("please specify build context (e.g. \".\" for the current directory)")
+	}
+
+	// TODO: handle stdin, symlinks, remote contexts, check files exist
+
+	var (
+		err              error
+		dockerfileReader io.Reader
+		dockerfileDir    string
+		dockerfileName   = inp.DockerfilePath
+		toRemove         []string
+	)
+
+	switch {
+	case inp.ContextState != nil:
+		if target.FrontendInputs == nil {
+			target.FrontendInputs = make(map[string]llb.State)
+		}
+		target.FrontendInputs["context"] = *inp.ContextState
+		target.FrontendInputs["dockerfile"] = *inp.ContextState
+	case inp.ContextPath == "-":
+		if inp.DockerfilePath == "-" {
+			return nil, errStdinConflict
+		}
+
+		buf := bufio.NewReader(inp.InStream)
+		magic, err := buf.Peek(archiveHeaderSize * 2)
+		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to peek context header from STDIN")
+		}
+		if !(err == io.EOF && len(magic) == 0) {
+			if isArchive(magic) {
+				// stdin is context
+				up := uploadprovider.New()
+				target.FrontendAttrs["context"] = up.Add(buf)
+				target.Session = append(target.Session, up)
+			} else {
+				if inp.DockerfilePath != "" {
+					return nil, errDockerfileConflict
+				}
+				// stdin is dockerfile
+				dockerfileReader = buf
+				inp.ContextPath, _ = os.MkdirTemp("", "empty-dir")
+				toRemove = append(toRemove, inp.ContextPath)
+				if err := setLocalMount("context", inp.ContextPath, target, addVCSLocalDir); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	case osutil.IsLocalDir(inp.ContextPath):
+		if err := setLocalMount("context", inp.ContextPath, target, addVCSLocalDir); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		switch inp.DockerfilePath {
+		case "-":
+			dockerfileReader = inp.InStream
+		case "":
+			dockerfileDir = inp.ContextPath
+		default:
+			dockerfileDir = filepath.Dir(inp.DockerfilePath)
+			dockerfileName = filepath.Base(inp.DockerfilePath)
+		}
+	case IsRemoteURL(inp.ContextPath):
+		if inp.DockerfilePath == "-" {
+			dockerfileReader = inp.InStream
+		} else if filepath.IsAbs(inp.DockerfilePath) {
+			dockerfileDir = filepath.Dir(inp.DockerfilePath)
+			dockerfileName = filepath.Base(inp.DockerfilePath)
+			target.FrontendAttrs["dockerfilekey"] = "dockerfile"
+		}
+		target.FrontendAttrs["context"] = inp.ContextPath
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unable to prepare context: path %q not found", inp.ContextPath)
+	}
+
+	if inp.DockerfileInline != "" {
+		dockerfileReader = strings.NewReader(inp.DockerfileInline)
+	}
+
+	if dockerfileReader != nil {
+		dockerfileDir, err = createTempDockerfile(dockerfileReader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toRemove = append(toRemove, dockerfileDir)
+		dockerfileName = "Dockerfile"
+		target.FrontendAttrs["dockerfilekey"] = "dockerfile"
+	}
+	if isHTTPURL(inp.DockerfilePath) {
+		dockerfileDir, err = createTempDockerfileFromURL(ctx, d, inp.DockerfilePath, pw)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toRemove = append(toRemove, dockerfileDir)
+		dockerfileName = "Dockerfile"
+		target.FrontendAttrs["dockerfilekey"] = "dockerfile"
+		delete(target.FrontendInputs, "dockerfile")
+	}
+
+	if dockerfileName == "" {
+		dockerfileName = "Dockerfile"
+	}
+
+	if dockerfileDir != "" {
+		if err := setLocalMount("dockerfile", dockerfileDir, target, addVCSLocalDir); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		dockerfileName = handleLowercaseDockerfile(dockerfileDir, dockerfileName)
+	}
+
+	target.FrontendAttrs["filename"] = dockerfileName
+
+	for k, v := range inp.NamedContexts {
+		target.FrontendAttrs["frontend.caps"] = "moby.buildkit.frontend.contexts+forward"
+		if v.State != nil {
+			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "input:" + k
+			if target.FrontendInputs == nil {
+				target.FrontendInputs = make(map[string]llb.State)
+			}
+			target.FrontendInputs[k] = *v.State
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if IsRemoteURL(v.Path) || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "docker-image://") || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "target:") {
+			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = v.Path
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// handle OCI layout
+		if strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "oci-layout://") {
+			localPath := strings.TrimPrefix(v.Path, "oci-layout://")
+			localPath, dig, hasDigest := strings.Cut(localPath, "@")
+			localPath, tag, hasTag := strings.Cut(localPath, ":")
+			if !hasTag {
+				tag = "latest"
+			}
+			if !hasDigest {
+				dig, err = resolveDigest(localPath, tag)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "oci-layout reference %q could not be resolved", v.Path)
+				}
+			}
+			store, err := local.NewStore(localPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid store at %s", localPath)
+			}
+			storeName := identity.NewID()
+			if target.OCIStores == nil {
+				target.OCIStores = map[string]content.Store{}
+			}
+			target.OCIStores[storeName] = store
+
+			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "oci-layout://" + storeName + ":" + tag + "@" + dig
+			continue
+		}
+		st, err := os.Stat(v.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get build context %v", k)
+		}
+		if !st.IsDir() {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(syscall.ENOTDIR, "failed to get build context path %v", v)
+		}
+		localName := k
+		if k == "context" || k == "dockerfile" {
+			localName = "_" + k // underscore to avoid collisions
+		}
+		if err := setLocalMount(localName, v.Path, target, addVCSLocalDir); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "local:" + localName
+	}
+
+	release := func() {
+		for _, dir := range toRemove {
+			_ = os.RemoveAll(dir)
+		}
+	}
+	return release, nil
+}
+
+func resolveDigest(localPath, tag string) (dig string, _ error) {
+	idx := ociindex.NewStoreIndex(localPath)
+
+	// lookup by name
+	desc, err := idx.Get(tag)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if desc == nil {
+		// lookup single
+		desc, err = idx.GetSingle()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	if desc == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("failed to resolve digest")
+	}
+
+	dig = string(desc.Digest)
+	_, err = digest.Parse(dig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid digest %s", dig)
+	}
+
+	return dig, nil
+}
+
+func setLocalMount(name, root string, so *client.SolveOpt, addVCSLocalDir func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt)) error {
+	lm, err := fsutil.NewFS(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	root, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(root) // keep same behavior as fsutil.NewFS
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if so.LocalMounts == nil {
+		so.LocalMounts = map[string]fsutil.FS{}
+	}
+	so.LocalMounts[name] = lm
+	if addVCSLocalDir != nil {
+		addVCSLocalDir(name, root, so)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func createTempDockerfile(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "dockerfile")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(dir, "Dockerfile"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(f, r); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return dir, err
+}
+
+// handle https://github.com/moby/moby/pull/10858
+func handleLowercaseDockerfile(dir, p string) string {
+	if filepath.Base(p) != "Dockerfile" {
+		return p
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Dir(filepath.Join(dir, p)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return p
+	}
+
+	names, err := f.Readdirnames(-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return p
+	}
+
+	foundLowerCase := false
+	for _, n := range names {
+		if n == "Dockerfile" {
+			return p
+		}
+		if n == "dockerfile" {
+			foundLowerCase = true
+		}
+	}
+	if foundLowerCase {
+		return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(p), "dockerfile")
+	}
+	return p
+}

build/provenance.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package build
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content/proxy"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
+	controlapi "github.com/moby/buildkit/api/services/control"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
+	provenancetypes "github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/llbsolver/provenance/types"
+	ocispecs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+type provenancePredicate struct {
+	Builder *provenanceBuilder `json:"builder,omitempty"`
+	provenancetypes.ProvenancePredicate
+}
+
+type provenanceBuilder struct {
+	ID string `json:"id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func setRecordProvenance(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, sr *client.SolveResponse, ref string, pw progress.Writer) error {
+	mode := confutil.MetadataProvenance()
+	if mode == confutil.MetadataProvenanceModeDisabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+	pw = progress.ResetTime(pw)
+	return progress.Wrap("resolving provenance for metadata file", pw.Write, func(l progress.SubLogger) error {
+		res, err := fetchProvenance(ctx, c, ref, mode)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for k, v := range res {
+			sr.ExporterResponse[k] = v
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func fetchProvenance(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, ref string, mode confutil.MetadataProvenanceMode) (out map[string]string, err error) {
+	cl, err := c.ControlClient().ListenBuildHistory(ctx, &controlapi.BuildHistoryRequest{
+		Ref:       ref,
+		EarlyExit: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	eg, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+	store := proxy.NewContentStore(c.ContentClient())
+	for {
+		ev, err := cl.Recv()
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			break
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if ev.Record == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ev.Record.Result != nil {
+			desc := lookupProvenance(ev.Record.Result)
+			if desc == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			eg.Go(func() error {
+				dt, err := content.ReadBlob(ctx, store, *desc)
+				if err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to load provenance blob from build record")
+				}
+				prv, err := encodeProvenance(dt, mode)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				mu.Lock()
+				if out == nil {
+					out = make(map[string]string)
+				}
+				out["buildx.build.provenance"] = prv
+				mu.Unlock()
+				return nil
+			})
+		} else if ev.Record.Results != nil {
+			for platform, res := range ev.Record.Results {
+				platform := platform
+				desc := lookupProvenance(res)
+				if desc == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				eg.Go(func() error {
+					dt, err := content.ReadBlob(ctx, store, *desc)
+					if err != nil {
+						return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to load provenance blob from build record")
+					}
+					prv, err := encodeProvenance(dt, mode)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					mu.Lock()
+					if out == nil {
+						out = make(map[string]string)
+					}
+					out["buildx.build.provenance/"+platform] = prv
+					mu.Unlock()
+					return nil
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out, eg.Wait()
+}
+
+func lookupProvenance(res *controlapi.BuildResultInfo) *ocispecs.Descriptor {
+	for _, a := range res.Attestations {
+		if a.MediaType == "application/vnd.in-toto+json" && strings.HasPrefix(a.Annotations["in-toto.io/predicate-type"], "https://slsa.dev/provenance/") {
+			return &ocispecs.Descriptor{
+				Digest:      a.Digest,
+				Size:        a.Size_,
+				MediaType:   a.MediaType,
+				Annotations: a.Annotations,
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func encodeProvenance(dt []byte, mode confutil.MetadataProvenanceMode) (string, error) {
+	var prv provenancePredicate
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(dt, &prv); err != nil {
+		return "", errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to unmarshal provenance")
+	}
+	if prv.Builder != nil && prv.Builder.ID == "" {
+		// reset builder if id is empty
+		prv.Builder = nil
+	}
+	if mode == confutil.MetadataProvenanceModeMin {
+		// reset fields for minimal provenance
+		prv.BuildConfig = nil
+		prv.Metadata = nil
+	}
+	dtprv, err := json.Marshal(prv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to marshal provenance")
+	}
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(dtprv), nil
+}

build/result.go

@@ -292,10 +292,10 @@ func (r *ResultHandle) build(buildFunc gateway.BuildFunc) (err error) {
 	return err
 }
 
-func (r *ResultHandle) getContainerConfig(ctx context.Context, c gateway.Client, cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (containerCfg gateway.NewContainerRequest, _ error) {
+func (r *ResultHandle) getContainerConfig(cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (containerCfg gateway.NewContainerRequest, _ error) {
 	if r.res != nil && r.solveErr == nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("creating container from successful build")
-		ccfg, err := containerConfigFromResult(ctx, r.res, c, *cfg)
+		ccfg, err := containerConfigFromResult(r.res, *cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return containerCfg, err
 		}
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ func (r *ResultHandle) getProcessConfig(cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig, stdin i
 	return processCfg, nil
 }
 
-func containerConfigFromResult(ctx context.Context, res *gateway.Result, c gateway.Client, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (*gateway.NewContainerRequest, error) {
+func containerConfigFromResult(res *gateway.Result, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (*gateway.NewContainerRequest, error) {
 	if cfg.Initial {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("starting from the container from the initial state of the step is supported only on the failed steps")
 	}

build/utils.go

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/builder/remotecontext/urlutil"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/gitutil"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -23,8 +25,15 @@ const (
 	mobyHostGatewayName = "host-gateway"
 )
 
+// isHTTPURL returns true if the provided str is an HTTP(S) URL by checking if it
+// has a http:// or https:// scheme. No validation is performed to verify if the
+// URL is well-formed.
+func isHTTPURL(str string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(str, "https://") || strings.HasPrefix(str, "http://")
+}
+
 func IsRemoteURL(c string) bool {
-	if urlutil.IsURL(c) {
+	if isHTTPURL(c) {
 		return true
 	}
 	if _, err := gitutil.ParseGitRef(c); err == nil {
@@ -101,3 +110,21 @@ func toBuildkitUlimits(inp *opts.UlimitOpt) (string, error) {
 	}
 	return strings.Join(ulimits, ","), nil
 }
+
+func notSupported(f driver.Feature, d *driver.DriverHandle, docs string) error {
+	return errors.Errorf(`%s is not supported for the %s driver.
+Switch to a different driver, or turn on the containerd image store, and try again.
+Learn more at %s`, f, d.Factory().Name(), docs)
+}
+
+func noDefaultLoad() bool {
+	v, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_LOAD")
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	b, err := strconv.ParseBool(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Warnf("invalid non-bool value for BUILDX_NO_DEFAULT_LOAD: %s", v)
+	}
+	return b
+}

builder/node.go

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func (b *Builder) LoadNodes(ctx context.Context, opts ...LoadNodesOption) (_ []N
 					}
 				}
 
-				d, err := driver.GetDriver(ctx, "buildx_buildkit_"+n.Name, factory, n.Endpoint, dockerapi, imageopt.Auth, kcc, n.BuildkitdFlags, n.Files, n.DriverOpts, n.Platforms, b.opts.contextPathHash, lno.dialMeta)
+				d, err := driver.GetDriver(ctx, driver.BuilderName(n.Name), factory, n.Endpoint, dockerapi, imageopt.Auth, kcc, n.BuildkitdFlags, n.Files, n.DriverOpts, n.Platforms, b.opts.contextPathHash, lno.dialMeta)
 				if err != nil {
 					node.Err = err
 					return nil
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func (b *Builder) LoadNodes(ctx context.Context, opts ...LoadNodesOption) (_ []N
 						if pl := di.DriverInfo.DynamicNodes[i].Platforms; len(pl) > 0 {
 							diClone.Platforms = pl
 						}
-						nodes = append(nodes, di)
+						nodes = append(nodes, diClone)
 					}
 					dynamicNodes = append(dynamicNodes, di.DriverInfo.DynamicNodes...)
 				}

cmd/buildx/main.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	cliflags "github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/stack"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 
 	//nolint:staticcheck // vendored dependencies may still use this
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/pkg/seed"
@@ -38,10 +40,27 @@ func runStandalone(cmd *command.DockerCli) error {
 	if err := cmd.Initialize(cliflags.NewClientOptions()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer flushMetrics(cmd)
+
 	rootCmd := commands.NewRootCmd(os.Args[0], false, cmd)
 	return rootCmd.Execute()
 }
 
+// flushMetrics will manually flush metrics from the configured
+// meter provider. This is needed when running in standalone mode
+// because the meter provider is initialized by the cli library,
+// but the mechanism for forcing it to report is not presently
+// exposed and not invoked when run in standalone mode.
+// There are plans to fix that in the next release, but this is
+// needed temporarily until the API for this is more thorough.
+func flushMetrics(cmd *command.DockerCli) {
+	if mp, ok := cmd.MeterProvider().(command.MeterProvider); ok {
+		if err := mp.ForceFlush(context.Background()); err != nil {
+			otel.Handle(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func runPlugin(cmd *command.DockerCli) error {
 	rootCmd := commands.NewRootCmd("buildx", true, cmd)
 	return plugin.RunPlugin(cmd, rootCmd, manager.Metadata{

cmd/buildx/tracing.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 
-	_ "github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect/delegated"
 	_ "github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/env"
 )
 

commands/bake.go

@@ -72,12 +72,10 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 
 	overrides := in.overrides
 	if in.exportPush {
-		if in.exportLoad {
-			return errors.Errorf("push and load may not be set together at the moment")
-		}
 		overrides = append(overrides, "*.push=true")
-	} else if in.exportLoad {
-		overrides = append(overrides, "*.output=type=docker")
+	}
+	if in.exportLoad {
+		overrides = append(overrides, "*.load=true")
 	}
 	if cFlags.noCache != nil {
 		overrides = append(overrides, fmt.Sprintf("*.no-cache=%t", *cFlags.noCache))
@@ -204,12 +202,12 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// local state group
 	groupRef := identity.NewID()
 	var refs []string
 	for k, b := range bo {
 		b.Ref = identity.NewID()
 		b.GroupRef = groupRef
+		b.WithProvenanceResponse = len(in.metadataFile) > 0
 		refs = append(refs, b.Ref)
 		bo[k] = b
 	}

commands/build.go

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/exporter/containerimage/exptypes"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/subrequests"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/subrequests/lint"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/subrequests/outline"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/subrequests/targets"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
@@ -205,6 +206,8 @@ func (o *buildOptions) toControllerOptions() (*controllerapi.BuildOptions, error
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	opts.WithProvenanceResponse = opts.PrintFunc == nil && len(o.metadataFile) > 0
+
 	return &opts, nil
 }
 
@@ -266,11 +269,7 @@ func (o *buildOptionsHash) String() string {
 }
 
 func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions) (err error) {
-	mp, err := metricutil.NewMeterProvider(ctx, dockerCli)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer mp.Report(context.Background())
+	mp := dockerCli.MeterProvider()
 
 	ctx, end, err := tracing.TraceCurrentCommand(ctx, "build")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -338,10 +337,10 @@ func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions)
 	done := timeBuildCommand(mp, attributes)
 	var resp *client.SolveResponse
 	var retErr error
-	if isExperimental() {
+	if confutil.IsExperimental() {
 		resp, retErr = runControllerBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, options, printer)
 	} else {
-		resp, retErr = runBasicBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, options, printer)
+		resp, retErr = runBasicBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, printer)
 	}
 
 	if err := printer.Wait(); retErr == nil {
@@ -366,15 +365,14 @@ func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions)
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "writing image ID file")
 		}
 	}
-	if options.metadataFile != "" {
-		if err := writeMetadataFile(options.metadataFile, decodeExporterResponse(resp.ExporterResponse)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
 	if opts.PrintFunc != nil {
 		if err := printResult(opts.PrintFunc, resp.ExporterResponse); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+	} else if options.metadataFile != "" {
+		if err := writeMetadataFile(options.metadataFile, decodeExporterResponse(resp.ExporterResponse)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -388,7 +386,7 @@ func getImageID(resp map[string]string) string {
 	return dgst
 }
 
-func runBasicBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *controllerapi.BuildOptions, options buildOptions, printer *progress.Printer) (*client.SolveResponse, error) {
+func runBasicBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *controllerapi.BuildOptions, printer *progress.Printer) (*client.SolveResponse, error) {
 	resp, res, err := cbuild.RunBuild(ctx, dockerCli, *opts, dockerCli.In(), printer, false)
 	if res != nil {
 		res.Done()
@@ -421,14 +419,22 @@ func runControllerBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *contro
 	var ref string
 	var retErr error
 	var resp *client.SolveResponse
-	f := ioset.NewSingleForwarder()
-	f.SetReader(dockerCli.In())
-	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
-	f.SetWriter(pw, func() io.WriteCloser {
-		pw.Close() // propagate EOF
-		logrus.Debug("propagating stdin close")
-		return nil
-	})
+
+	var f *ioset.SingleForwarder
+	var pr io.ReadCloser
+	var pw io.WriteCloser
+	if options.invokeConfig == nil {
+		pr = dockerCli.In()
+	} else {
+		f = ioset.NewSingleForwarder()
+		f.SetReader(dockerCli.In())
+		pr, pw = io.Pipe()
+		f.SetWriter(pw, func() io.WriteCloser {
+			pw.Close() // propagate EOF
+			logrus.Debug("propagating stdin close")
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
 
 	ref, resp, err = c.Build(ctx, *opts, pr, printer)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -442,11 +448,13 @@ func runControllerBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *contro
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := pw.Close(); err != nil {
-		logrus.Debug("failed to close stdin pipe writer")
-	}
-	if err := pr.Close(); err != nil {
-		logrus.Debug("failed to close stdin pipe reader")
+	if options.invokeConfig != nil {
+		if err := pw.Close(); err != nil {
+			logrus.Debug("failed to close stdin pipe writer")
+		}
+		if err := pr.Close(); err != nil {
+			logrus.Debug("failed to close stdin pipe reader")
+		}
 	}
 
 	if options.invokeConfig != nil && options.invokeConfig.needsDebug(retErr) {
@@ -575,7 +583,7 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 	flags.StringVarP(&options.dockerfileName, "file", "f", "", `Name of the Dockerfile (default: "PATH/Dockerfile")`)
 	flags.SetAnnotation("file", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#file"})
 
-	flags.StringVar(&options.imageIDFile, "iidfile", "", "Write the image ID to the file")
+	flags.StringVar(&options.imageIDFile, "iidfile", "", "Write the image ID to a file")
 
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.labels, "label", []string{}, "Set metadata for an image")
 
@@ -589,11 +597,6 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.platforms, "platform", platformsDefault, "Set target platform for build")
 
-	if isExperimental() {
-		flags.StringVar(&options.printFunc, "print", "", "Print result of information request (e.g., outline, targets)")
-		cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "print")
-	}
-
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportPush, "push", false, `Shorthand for "--output=type=registry"`)
 
 	flags.BoolVarP(&options.quiet, "quiet", "q", false, "Suppress the build output and print image ID on success")
@@ -617,7 +620,7 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 	flags.StringVar(&options.sbom, "sbom", "", `Shorthand for "--attest=type=sbom"`)
 	flags.StringVar(&options.provenance, "provenance", "", `Shorthand for "--attest=type=provenance"`)
 
-	if isExperimental() {
+	if confutil.IsExperimental() {
 		// TODO: move this to debug command if needed
 		flags.StringVar(&options.Root, "root", "", "Specify root directory of server to connect")
 		flags.BoolVar(&options.Detach, "detach", false, "Detach buildx server (supported only on linux)")
@@ -625,12 +628,20 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 		cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "root", "detach", "server-config")
 	}
 
+	flags.StringVar(&options.printFunc, "call", "build", `Set method for evaluating build ("check", "outline", "targets")`)
+	flags.VarPF(callAlias(options, "check"), "check", "", `Shorthand for "--call=check"`)
+	flags.Lookup("check").NoOptDefVal = "true"
+
 	// hidden flags
 	var ignore string
 	var ignoreSlice []string
 	var ignoreBool bool
 	var ignoreInt int64
 
+	flags.StringVar(&options.printFunc, "print", "", "Print result of information request (e.g., outline, targets)")
+	cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "print")
+	flags.MarkHidden("print")
+
 	flags.BoolVar(&ignoreBool, "compress", false, "Compress the build context using gzip")
 	flags.MarkHidden("compress")
 
@@ -688,9 +699,9 @@ type commonFlags struct {
 
 func commonBuildFlags(options *commonFlags, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	options.noCache = flags.Bool("no-cache", false, "Do not use cache when building the image")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty"). Use plain to show container output`)
+	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson"). Use plain to show container output`)
 	options.pull = flags.Bool("pull", false, "Always attempt to pull all referenced images")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.metadataFile, "metadata-file", "", "Write build result metadata to the file")
+	flags.StringVar(&options.metadataFile, "metadata-file", "", "Write build result metadata to a file")
 }
 
 func checkWarnedFlags(f *pflag.Flag) {
@@ -762,14 +773,6 @@ func (w *wrapped) Unwrap() error {
 	return w.err
 }
 
-func isExperimental() bool {
-	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_EXPERIMENTAL"); ok {
-		vv, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v)
-		return vv
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 func updateLastActivity(dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.NodeGroup) error {
 	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -862,13 +865,22 @@ func printResult(f *controllerapi.PrintFunc, res map[string]string) error {
 		return printValue(targets.PrintTargets, targets.SubrequestsTargetsDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
 	case "subrequests.describe":
 		return printValue(subrequests.PrintDescribe, subrequests.SubrequestsDescribeDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
+	case "lint":
+		return printValue(lint.PrintLintViolations, lint.SubrequestLintDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
 	default:
-		if dt, ok := res["result.txt"]; ok {
+		if dt, ok := res["result.json"]; ok && f.Format == "json" {
+			fmt.Println(dt)
+		} else if dt, ok := res["result.txt"]; ok {
 			fmt.Print(dt)
 		} else {
 			log.Printf("%s %+v", f, res)
 		}
 	}
+	if v, ok := res["result.statuscode"]; !f.IgnoreStatus && ok {
+		if n, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil && n != 0 {
+			os.Exit(n)
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -993,6 +1005,20 @@ func maybeJSONArray(v string) []string {
 	return []string{v}
 }
 
+func callAlias(options *buildOptions, value string) cobrautil.BoolFuncValue {
+	return func(s string) error {
+		v, err := strconv.ParseBool(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if v {
+			options.printFunc = value
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // timeBuildCommand will start a timer for timing the build command. It records the time when the returned
 // function is invoked into a metric.
 func timeBuildCommand(mp metric.MeterProvider, attrs attribute.Set) func(err error) {

commands/debug/root.go

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func RootCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, children ...DebuggableCmd) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.StringVar(&controlOptions.Root, "root", "", "Specify root directory of server to connect for the monitor")
 	flags.BoolVar(&controlOptions.Detach, "detach", runtime.GOOS == "linux", "Detach buildx server for the monitor (supported only on linux)")
 	flags.StringVar(&controlOptions.ServerConfig, "server-config", "", "Specify buildx server config file for the monitor (used only when launching new server)")
-	flags.StringVar(&progressMode, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty") for the monitor. Use plain to show container output`)
+	flags.StringVar(&progressMode, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson") for the monitor. Use plain to show container output`)
 
 	cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "invoke", "on", "root", "detach", "server-config")
 

commands/dial_stdio.go

@@ -125,8 +125,7 @@ func dialStdioCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	}
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
-	cmd.Flags()
 	flags.StringVar(&opts.platform, "platform", os.Getenv("DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM"), "Target platform: this is used for node selection")
-	flags.StringVar(&opts.progress, "progress", "quiet", "Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty).")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.progress, "progress", "quiet", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson"). Use plain to show container output`)
 	return cmd
 }

commands/imagetools/create.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ type createOptions struct {
 	dryrun       bool
 	actionAppend bool
 	progress     string
+	preferIndex  bool
 }
 
 func runCreate(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ func runCreate(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, arg
 		}
 	}
 
-	dt, desc, err := r.Combine(ctx, srcs, in.annotations)
+	dt, desc, err := r.Combine(ctx, srcs, in.annotations, in.preferIndex)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -281,8 +282,9 @@ func createCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, opts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.tags, "tag", "t", []string{}, "Set reference for new image")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.dryrun, "dry-run", false, "Show final image instead of pushing")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.actionAppend, "append", false, "Append to existing manifest")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty"). Use plain to show container output`)
+	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson"). Use plain to show container output`)
 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.annotations, "annotation", "", []string{}, "Add annotation to the image")
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.preferIndex, "prefer-index", true, "When only a single source is specified, prefer outputting an image index or manifest list instead of performing a carbon copy")
 
 	return cmd
 }

commands/install.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 type installOptions struct {
 }
 
-func runInstall(dockerCli command.Cli, in installOptions) error {
+func runInstall(_ command.Cli, _ installOptions) error {
 	dir := config.Dir()
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not create docker config")

commands/prune.go

@@ -195,6 +195,8 @@ func toBuildkitPruneInfo(f filters.Args) (*client.PruneInfo, error) {
 		case 1:
 			if filterKey == "id" {
 				filters = append(filters, filterKey+"~="+values[0])
+			} else if strings.HasSuffix(filterKey, "!") || strings.HasSuffix(filterKey, "~") {
+				filters = append(filters, filterKey+"="+values[0])
 			} else {
 				filters = append(filters, filterKey+"=="+values[0])
 			}

commands/root.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	imagetoolscmd "github.com/docker/buildx/commands/imagetools"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/remote"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/logutil"
 	"github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool/annotation"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ func NewRootCmd(name string, isPlugin bool, dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Comman
 		"using default config store",
 	))
 
-	if !isExperimental() {
+	if !confutil.IsExperimental() {
 		cmd.SetHelpTemplate(cmd.HelpTemplate() + "\nExperimental commands and flags are hidden. Set BUILDX_EXPERIMENTAL=1 to show them.\n")
 	}
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ func addCommands(cmd *cobra.Command, dockerCli command.Cli) {
 		duCmd(dockerCli, opts),
 		imagetoolscmd.RootCmd(dockerCli, imagetoolscmd.RootOptions{Builder: &opts.builder}),
 	)
-	if isExperimental() {
+	if confutil.IsExperimental() {
 		cmd.AddCommand(debugcmd.RootCmd(dockerCli,
 			newDebuggableBuild(dockerCli, opts),
 		))

commands/uninstall.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 type uninstallOptions struct {
 }
 
-func runUninstall(dockerCli command.Cli, in uninstallOptions) error {
+func runUninstall(_ command.Cli, _ uninstallOptions) error {
 	dir := config.Dir()
 	cfg, err := config.Load(dir)
 	if err != nil {

commands/util.go

@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
 package commands
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
 )
 
 func prompt(ctx context.Context, ins io.Reader, out io.Writer, msg string) (bool, error) {
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	var ok bool
 	go func() {
-		ok = command.PromptForConfirmation(ins, out, msg)
+		ok = promptForConfirmation(ins, out, msg)
 		close(done)
 	}()
 	select {
@@ -21,3 +26,32 @@ func prompt(ctx context.Context, ins io.Reader, out io.Writer, msg string) (bool
 		return ok, nil
 	}
 }
+
+// promptForConfirmation requests and checks confirmation from user.
+// This will display the provided message followed by ' [y/N] '. If
+// the user input 'y' or 'Y' it returns true other false.  If no
+// message is provided "Are you sure you want to proceed? [y/N] "
+// will be used instead.
+//
+// Copied from github.com/docker/cli since the upstream version changed
+// recently with an incompatible change.
+//
+// See https://github.com/docker/buildx/pull/2359#discussion_r1544736494
+// for discussion on the issue.
+func promptForConfirmation(ins io.Reader, outs io.Writer, message string) bool {
+	if message == "" {
+		message = "Are you sure you want to proceed?"
+	}
+	message += " [y/N] "
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprint(outs, message)
+
+	// On Windows, force the use of the regular OS stdin stream.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		ins = streams.NewIn(os.Stdin)
+	}
+
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(ins)
+	answer, _, _ := reader.ReadLine()
+	return strings.ToLower(string(answer)) == "y"
+}

commands/version.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func runVersion(dockerCli command.Cli) error {
+func runVersion(_ command.Cli) error {
 	fmt.Println(version.Package, version.Version, version.Revision)
 	return nil
 }

controller/build/build.go

@@ -53,20 +53,21 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 			InStream:       inStream,
 			NamedContexts:  contexts,
 		},
-		Ref:           in.Ref,
-		BuildArgs:     in.BuildArgs,
-		CgroupParent:  in.CgroupParent,
-		ExtraHosts:    in.ExtraHosts,
-		Labels:        in.Labels,
-		NetworkMode:   in.NetworkMode,
-		NoCache:       in.NoCache,
-		NoCacheFilter: in.NoCacheFilter,
-		Pull:          in.Pull,
-		ShmSize:       dockeropts.MemBytes(in.ShmSize),
-		Tags:          in.Tags,
-		Target:        in.Target,
-		Ulimits:       controllerUlimitOpt2DockerUlimit(in.Ulimits),
-		GroupRef:      in.GroupRef,
+		Ref:                    in.Ref,
+		BuildArgs:              in.BuildArgs,
+		CgroupParent:           in.CgroupParent,
+		ExtraHosts:             in.ExtraHosts,
+		Labels:                 in.Labels,
+		NetworkMode:            in.NetworkMode,
+		NoCache:                in.NoCache,
+		NoCacheFilter:          in.NoCacheFilter,
+		Pull:                   in.Pull,
+		ShmSize:                dockeropts.MemBytes(in.ShmSize),
+		Tags:                   in.Tags,
+		Target:                 in.Target,
+		Ulimits:                controllerUlimitOpt2DockerUlimit(in.Ulimits),
+		GroupRef:               in.GroupRef,
+		WithProvenanceResponse: in.WithProvenanceResponse,
 	}
 
 	platforms, err := platformutil.Parse(in.Platforms)
@@ -99,38 +100,38 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	if in.ExportPush {
-		if in.ExportLoad {
-			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("push and load may not be set together at the moment")
+		var pushUsed bool
+		for i := range outputs {
+			if outputs[i].Type == client.ExporterImage {
+				outputs[i].Attrs["push"] = "true"
+				pushUsed = true
+			}
 		}
-		if len(outputs) == 0 {
-			outputs = []client.ExportEntry{{
-				Type: "image",
+		if !pushUsed {
+			outputs = append(outputs, client.ExportEntry{
+				Type: client.ExporterImage,
 				Attrs: map[string]string{
 					"push": "true",
 				},
-			}}
-		} else {
-			switch outputs[0].Type {
-			case "image":
-				outputs[0].Attrs["push"] = "true"
-			default:
-				return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("push and %q output can't be used together", outputs[0].Type)
-			}
+			})
 		}
 	}
 	if in.ExportLoad {
-		if len(outputs) == 0 {
-			outputs = []client.ExportEntry{{
-				Type:  "docker",
-				Attrs: map[string]string{},
-			}}
-		} else {
-			switch outputs[0].Type {
-			case "docker":
-			default:
-				return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("load and %q output can't be used together", outputs[0].Type)
+		var loadUsed bool
+		for i := range outputs {
+			if outputs[i].Type == client.ExporterDocker {
+				if _, ok := outputs[i].Attrs["dest"]; !ok {
+					loadUsed = true
+					break
+				}
 			}
 		}
+		if !loadUsed {
+			outputs = append(outputs, client.ExportEntry{
+				Type:  client.ExporterDocker,
+				Attrs: map[string]string{},
+			})
+		}
 	}
 
 	annotations, err := buildflags.ParseAnnotations(in.Annotations)
@@ -160,8 +161,9 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 
 	if in.PrintFunc != nil {
 		opts.PrintFunc = &build.PrintFunc{
-			Name:   in.PrintFunc.Name,
-			Format: in.PrintFunc.Format,
+			Name:         in.PrintFunc.Name,
+			Format:       in.PrintFunc.Format,
+			IgnoreStatus: in.PrintFunc.IgnoreStatus,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
-	resp, res, err := buildTargets(ctx, dockerCli, b.NodeGroup, nodes, map[string]build.Options{defaultTargetName: opts}, progress, generateResult)
+	resp, res, err := buildTargets(ctx, dockerCli, nodes, map[string]build.Options{defaultTargetName: opts}, progress, generateResult)
 	err = wrapBuildError(err, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		// NOTE: buildTargets can return *build.ResultHandle even on error.
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 // NOTE: When an error happens during the build and this function acquires the debuggable *build.ResultHandle,
 // this function returns it in addition to the error (i.e. it does "return nil, res, err"). The caller can
 // inspect the result and debug the cause of that error.
-func buildTargets(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.NodeGroup, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[string]build.Options, progress progress.Writer, generateResult bool) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.ResultHandle, error) {
+func buildTargets(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[string]build.Options, progress progress.Writer, generateResult bool) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.ResultHandle, error) {
 	var res *build.ResultHandle
 	var resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse
 	var err error

controller/pb/controller.pb.go

@@ -271,40 +271,41 @@ func (m *BuildRequest) GetOptions() *BuildOptions {
 }
 
 type BuildOptions struct {
-	ContextPath          string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=ContextPath,proto3" json:"ContextPath,omitempty"`
-	DockerfileName       string               `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=DockerfileName,proto3" json:"DockerfileName,omitempty"`
-	PrintFunc            *PrintFunc           `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=PrintFunc,proto3" json:"PrintFunc,omitempty"`
-	NamedContexts        map[string]string    `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=NamedContexts,proto3" json:"NamedContexts,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
-	Allow                []string             `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=Allow,proto3" json:"Allow,omitempty"`
-	Attests              []*Attest            `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=Attests,proto3" json:"Attests,omitempty"`
-	BuildArgs            map[string]string    `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=BuildArgs,proto3" json:"BuildArgs,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
-	CacheFrom            []*CacheOptionsEntry `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=CacheFrom,proto3" json:"CacheFrom,omitempty"`
-	CacheTo              []*CacheOptionsEntry `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=CacheTo,proto3" json:"CacheTo,omitempty"`
-	CgroupParent         string               `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=CgroupParent,proto3" json:"CgroupParent,omitempty"`
-	Exports              []*ExportEntry       `protobuf:"bytes,11,rep,name=Exports,proto3" json:"Exports,omitempty"`
-	ExtraHosts           []string             `protobuf:"bytes,12,rep,name=ExtraHosts,proto3" json:"ExtraHosts,omitempty"`
-	Labels               map[string]string    `protobuf:"bytes,13,rep,name=Labels,proto3" json:"Labels,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
-	NetworkMode          string               `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=NetworkMode,proto3" json:"NetworkMode,omitempty"`
-	NoCacheFilter        []string             `protobuf:"bytes,15,rep,name=NoCacheFilter,proto3" json:"NoCacheFilter,omitempty"`
-	Platforms            []string             `protobuf:"bytes,16,rep,name=Platforms,proto3" json:"Platforms,omitempty"`
-	Secrets              []*Secret            `protobuf:"bytes,17,rep,name=Secrets,proto3" json:"Secrets,omitempty"`
-	ShmSize              int64                `protobuf:"varint,18,opt,name=ShmSize,proto3" json:"ShmSize,omitempty"`
-	SSH                  []*SSH               `protobuf:"bytes,19,rep,name=SSH,proto3" json:"SSH,omitempty"`
-	Tags                 []string             `protobuf:"bytes,20,rep,name=Tags,proto3" json:"Tags,omitempty"`
-	Target               string               `protobuf:"bytes,21,opt,name=Target,proto3" json:"Target,omitempty"`
-	Ulimits              *UlimitOpt           `protobuf:"bytes,22,opt,name=Ulimits,proto3" json:"Ulimits,omitempty"`
-	Builder              string               `protobuf:"bytes,23,opt,name=Builder,proto3" json:"Builder,omitempty"`
-	NoCache              bool                 `protobuf:"varint,24,opt,name=NoCache,proto3" json:"NoCache,omitempty"`
-	Pull                 bool                 `protobuf:"varint,25,opt,name=Pull,proto3" json:"Pull,omitempty"`
-	ExportPush           bool                 `protobuf:"varint,26,opt,name=ExportPush,proto3" json:"ExportPush,omitempty"`
-	ExportLoad           bool                 `protobuf:"varint,27,opt,name=ExportLoad,proto3" json:"ExportLoad,omitempty"`
-	SourcePolicy         *pb.Policy           `protobuf:"bytes,28,opt,name=SourcePolicy,proto3" json:"SourcePolicy,omitempty"`
-	Ref                  string               `protobuf:"bytes,29,opt,name=Ref,proto3" json:"Ref,omitempty"`
-	GroupRef             string               `protobuf:"bytes,30,opt,name=GroupRef,proto3" json:"GroupRef,omitempty"`
-	Annotations          []string             `protobuf:"bytes,31,rep,name=Annotations,proto3" json:"Annotations,omitempty"`
-	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}             `json:"-"`
-	XXX_unrecognized     []byte               `json:"-"`
-	XXX_sizecache        int32                `json:"-"`
+	ContextPath            string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=ContextPath,proto3" json:"ContextPath,omitempty"`
+	DockerfileName         string               `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=DockerfileName,proto3" json:"DockerfileName,omitempty"`
+	PrintFunc              *PrintFunc           `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=PrintFunc,proto3" json:"PrintFunc,omitempty"`
+	NamedContexts          map[string]string    `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=NamedContexts,proto3" json:"NamedContexts,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	Allow                  []string             `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=Allow,proto3" json:"Allow,omitempty"`
+	Attests                []*Attest            `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=Attests,proto3" json:"Attests,omitempty"`
+	BuildArgs              map[string]string    `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=BuildArgs,proto3" json:"BuildArgs,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	CacheFrom              []*CacheOptionsEntry `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=CacheFrom,proto3" json:"CacheFrom,omitempty"`
+	CacheTo                []*CacheOptionsEntry `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=CacheTo,proto3" json:"CacheTo,omitempty"`
+	CgroupParent           string               `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=CgroupParent,proto3" json:"CgroupParent,omitempty"`
+	Exports                []*ExportEntry       `protobuf:"bytes,11,rep,name=Exports,proto3" json:"Exports,omitempty"`
+	ExtraHosts             []string             `protobuf:"bytes,12,rep,name=ExtraHosts,proto3" json:"ExtraHosts,omitempty"`
+	Labels                 map[string]string    `protobuf:"bytes,13,rep,name=Labels,proto3" json:"Labels,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	NetworkMode            string               `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=NetworkMode,proto3" json:"NetworkMode,omitempty"`
+	NoCacheFilter          []string             `protobuf:"bytes,15,rep,name=NoCacheFilter,proto3" json:"NoCacheFilter,omitempty"`
+	Platforms              []string             `protobuf:"bytes,16,rep,name=Platforms,proto3" json:"Platforms,omitempty"`
+	Secrets                []*Secret            `protobuf:"bytes,17,rep,name=Secrets,proto3" json:"Secrets,omitempty"`
+	ShmSize                int64                `protobuf:"varint,18,opt,name=ShmSize,proto3" json:"ShmSize,omitempty"`
+	SSH                    []*SSH               `protobuf:"bytes,19,rep,name=SSH,proto3" json:"SSH,omitempty"`
+	Tags                   []string             `protobuf:"bytes,20,rep,name=Tags,proto3" json:"Tags,omitempty"`
+	Target                 string               `protobuf:"bytes,21,opt,name=Target,proto3" json:"Target,omitempty"`
+	Ulimits                *UlimitOpt           `protobuf:"bytes,22,opt,name=Ulimits,proto3" json:"Ulimits,omitempty"`
+	Builder                string               `protobuf:"bytes,23,opt,name=Builder,proto3" json:"Builder,omitempty"`
+	NoCache                bool                 `protobuf:"varint,24,opt,name=NoCache,proto3" json:"NoCache,omitempty"`
+	Pull                   bool                 `protobuf:"varint,25,opt,name=Pull,proto3" json:"Pull,omitempty"`
+	ExportPush             bool                 `protobuf:"varint,26,opt,name=ExportPush,proto3" json:"ExportPush,omitempty"`
+	ExportLoad             bool                 `protobuf:"varint,27,opt,name=ExportLoad,proto3" json:"ExportLoad,omitempty"`
+	SourcePolicy           *pb.Policy           `protobuf:"bytes,28,opt,name=SourcePolicy,proto3" json:"SourcePolicy,omitempty"`
+	Ref                    string               `protobuf:"bytes,29,opt,name=Ref,proto3" json:"Ref,omitempty"`
+	GroupRef               string               `protobuf:"bytes,30,opt,name=GroupRef,proto3" json:"GroupRef,omitempty"`
+	Annotations            []string             `protobuf:"bytes,31,rep,name=Annotations,proto3" json:"Annotations,omitempty"`
+	WithProvenanceResponse bool                 `protobuf:"varint,32,opt,name=WithProvenanceResponse,proto3" json:"WithProvenanceResponse,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral   struct{}             `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized       []byte               `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache          int32                `json:"-"`
 }
 
 func (m *BuildOptions) Reset()         { *m = BuildOptions{} }
@@ -548,6 +549,13 @@ func (m *BuildOptions) GetAnnotations() []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *BuildOptions) GetWithProvenanceResponse() bool {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.WithProvenanceResponse
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type ExportEntry struct {
 	Type                 string            `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=Type,proto3" json:"Type,omitempty"`
 	Attrs                map[string]string `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=Attrs,proto3" json:"Attrs,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
@@ -805,6 +813,7 @@ func (m *Secret) GetEnv() string {
 type PrintFunc struct {
 	Name                 string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=Name,proto3" json:"Name,omitempty"`
 	Format               string   `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=Format,proto3" json:"Format,omitempty"`
+	IgnoreStatus         bool     `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=IgnoreStatus,proto3" json:"IgnoreStatus,omitempty"`
 	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
 	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
 	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
@@ -848,6 +857,13 @@ func (m *PrintFunc) GetFormat() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (m *PrintFunc) GetIgnoreStatus() bool {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.IgnoreStatus
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type InspectRequest struct {
 	Ref                  string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=Ref,proto3" json:"Ref,omitempty"`
 	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
@@ -2078,128 +2094,130 @@ func init() {
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("controller.proto", fileDescriptor_ed7f10298fa1d90f) }
 
 var fileDescriptor_ed7f10298fa1d90f = []byte{
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+	0xc3, 0xa5, 0xd8, 0xca, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x72, 0x2a, 0xa6, 0xb8, 0xac, 0x13, 0xf0, 0x54, 0x4c, 0x65,
+	0x2b, 0x22, 0xcc, 0xf7, 0x3b, 0x6e, 0x77, 0x80, 0x2b, 0xba, 0x07, 0x46, 0xb4, 0x9c, 0x55, 0x65,
+	0xcc, 0x3d, 0xd7, 0x57, 0xaf, 0x9a, 0x32, 0x89, 0x48, 0x67, 0x07, 0x2a, 0x71, 0xaa, 0xc8, 0xee,
+	0xd6, 0xea, 0xa9, 0x4f, 0x51, 0x23, 0xb9, 0x56, 0x2f, 0xca, 0xf2, 0xdc, 0x7c, 0x96, 0xe7, 0x13,
+	0x59, 0xfe, 0x0a, 0x6a, 0xa9, 0xa4, 0x91, 0x20, 0xc2, 0x2e, 0xb8, 0x51, 0xa4, 0xd6, 0x92, 0xd7,
+	0x64, 0xbe, 0x7e, 0xb7, 0xd7, 0x88, 0x5a, 0x3b, 0x4f, 0xa1, 0x96, 0x4a, 0x97, 0x45, 0x75, 0xd9,
+	0x79, 0x02, 0x35, 0xdd, 0xe0, 0xb2, 0xcb, 0xce, 0x7f, 0x2c, 0x58, 0x8b, 0x30, 0xa6, 0xf2, 0xfc,
+	0x0a, 0xca, 0x13, 0x1a, 0x0a, 0x7a, 0x19, 0xf7, 0x22, 0x3c, 0x3f, 0x2a, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x08, 0x12,
+	0x23, 0xd1, 0x37, 0x50, 0xe6, 0x4a, 0x0f, 0x8d, 0x66, 0x9d, 0x47, 0x59, 0x52, 0xc6, 0x5e, 0x8c,
+	0x47, 0x5b, 0x50, 0xf0, 0x59, 0x9f, 0xab, 0xef, 0x5e, 0xdd, 0x7e, 0x90, 0x25, 0xf7, 0x96, 0xf5,
+	0x89, 0x02, 0xa2, 0x37, 0x50, 0xbe, 0x70, 0xc3, 0xc0, 0x0b, 0xfa, 0xd1, 0x7b, 0xff, 0x71, 0x96,
+	0xd0, 0x47, 0x8d, 0x23, 0xb1, 0x80, 0x53, 0x93, 0x97, 0xe8, 0x8c, 0x99, 0x98, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x95,
+	0xb9, 0x2c, 0x49, 0xe3, 0xfe, 0x21, 0xd4, 0xf4, 0x7d, 0xf8, 0x40, 0x43, 0x2e, 0x27, 0x47, 0x6b,
+	0xd9, 0x9d, 0xdd, 0x4d, 0x42, 0x49, 0x5a, 0xd2, 0xf9, 0xd1, 0xb4, 0xbb, 0x88, 0x21, 0x73, 0x69,
+	0xe4, 0x76, 0x07, 0x6e, 0x3f, 0xfa, 0x4e, 0x11, 0x29, 0x77, 0x26, 0xc6, 0x9e, 0xbe, 0xb6, 0x11,
+	0x29, 0x73, 0x33, 0xa4, 0x13, 0x8f, 0xcf, 0x86, 0xd8, 0x98, 0xde, 0xfe, 0x6b, 0x09, 0xa0, 0x19,
+	0x9f, 0x07, 0x9d, 0xc0, 0x8a, 0xb2, 0x87, 0x9c, 0xa5, 0xcd, 0x53, 0xf9, 0x6d, 0x3f, 0xbd, 0x41,
+	0x83, 0x45, 0x1f, 0x64, 0xf2, 0xab, 0xa1, 0x07, 0x3d, 0xcb, 0x2a, 0x13, 0xc9, 0xb9, 0xc9, 0x7e,
+	0x7e, 0x0d, 0xca, 0xe8, 0x7d, 0x0f, 0x45, 0x9d, 0x05, 0x28, 0xab, 0x16, 0x26, 0xf3, 0xd6, 0x7e,
+	0xb6, 0x1c, 0xa4, 0x95, 0x7e, 0x6e, 0x21, 0x62, 0x2a, 0x25, 0x72, 0x96, 0xb4, 0x42, 0x73, 0x63,
+	0xb2, 0x02, 0x90, 0xea, 0x3a, 0x75, 0x0b, 0x7d, 0x0f, 0x45, 0x5d, 0xeb, 0xd0, 0xa7, 0x8b, 0x05,
+	0x22, 0x7d, 0xcb, 0xb7, 0xeb, 0xd6, 0xe7, 0x16, 0x7a, 0x07, 0x05, 0xd9, 0xe4, 0x51, 0x46, 0xc7,
+	0x4a, 0x4c, 0x08, 0xb6, 0xb3, 0x0c, 0x62, 0xa2, 0xf8, 0x23, 0xc0, 0x6c, 0xd4, 0x40, 0x19, 0xff,
+	0xda, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0x2c, 0x76, 0xfd, 0x7a, 0xa0, 0x31, 0xf0, 0x4e, 0xf6, 0xd9, 0x33, 0x86, 0x32,
+	0x3b, 0x6c, 0x7c, 0x8d, 0x6c, 0x67, 0x19, 0xc4, 0xa8, 0x3b, 0x87, 0x5a, 0xea, 0x5f, 0x5d, 0xf4,
+	0x8b, 0x6c, 0x27, 0xaf, 0xfe, 0x49, 0x6c, 0xbf, 0xb8, 0x11, 0xd6, 0x58, 0x12, 0xc9, 0x59, 0xcd,
+	0x6c, 0xa3, 0xc6, 0x75, 0x7e, 0xa7, 0xff, 0xa1, 0xb5, 0xb7, 0x6e, 0x8c, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x77, 0x0b,
+	0xbf, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x3a, 0x9d, 0xa2, 0xfa, 0xb3, 0xfb, 0xcb, 0xff, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff,
+	0xc1, 0x07, 0x8b, 0x2b, 0x8a, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
 
 // Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.

controller/pb/controller.proto

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ message BuildOptions {
   string Ref = 29;
   string GroupRef = 30;
   repeated string Annotations = 31;
+  bool WithProvenanceResponse = 32;
 }
 
 message ExportEntry {
@@ -111,8 +112,9 @@ message Secret {
 }
 
 message PrintFunc {
-	string Name = 1;
-	string Format = 2;
+  string Name = 1;
+  string Format = 2;
+  bool IgnoreStatus = 3;
 }
 
 message InspectRequest {

controller/pb/path.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/builder/remotecontext/urlutil"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/gitutil"
 )
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ func ResolveOptionPaths(options *BuildOptions) (_ *BuildOptions, err error) {
 		}
 	}
 	if options.DockerfileName != "" && options.DockerfileName != "-" {
-		if localContext && !urlutil.IsURL(options.DockerfileName) {
+		if localContext && !isHTTPURL(options.DockerfileName) {
 			options.DockerfileName, err = filepath.Abs(options.DockerfileName)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
@@ -164,8 +163,15 @@ func ResolveOptionPaths(options *BuildOptions) (_ *BuildOptions, err error) {
 	return options, nil
 }
 
+// isHTTPURL returns true if the provided str is an HTTP(S) URL by checking if it
+// has a http:// or https:// scheme. No validation is performed to verify if the
+// URL is well-formed.
+func isHTTPURL(str string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(str, "https://") || strings.HasPrefix(str, "http://")
+}
+
 func isRemoteURL(c string) bool {
-	if urlutil.IsURL(c) {
+	if isHTTPURL(c) {
 		return true
 	}
 	if _, err := gitutil.ParseGitRef(c); err == nil {

controller/remote/client.go

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func (c *Client) build(ctx context.Context, ref string, options pb.BuildOptions,
 						}
 						return err
 					} else if n > 0 {
-						if stream.Send(&pb.InputMessage{
+						if err := stream.Send(&pb.InputMessage{
 							Input: &pb.InputMessage_Data{
 								Data: &pb.DataMessage{
 									Data: buf[:n],

controller/remote/io.go

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ func copyToStream(fd uint32, snd msgStream, r io.Reader) error {
 			}
 			return err
 		} else if n > 0 {
-			if snd.Send(&pb.Message{
+			if err := snd.Send(&pb.Message{
 				Input: &pb.Message_File{
 					File: &pb.FdMessage{
 						Fd:   fd,

docker-bake.hcl

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ variable "DESTDIR" {
   default = "./bin"
 }
 variable "GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM" {
-  default = null
+  default = ""
 }
 
 # Special target: https://github.com/docker/metadata-action#bake-definition
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ group "default" {
 }
 
 group "validate" {
-  targets = ["lint", "validate-vendor", "validate-docs"]
+  targets = ["lint", "lint-gopls", "validate-vendor", "validate-docs"]
 }
 
 target "lint" {
   inherits = ["_common"]
   dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/lint.Dockerfile"
   output = ["type=cacheonly"]
-  platforms = GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM != null ? [
+  platforms = GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM != "" ? [
     "darwin/amd64",
     "darwin/arm64",
     "linux/amd64",
@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ target "lint" {
   ] : []
 }
 
+target "lint-gopls" {
+  inherits = ["lint"]
+  target = "gopls-analyze"
+}
+
 target "validate-vendor" {
   inherits = ["_common"]
   dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/vendor.Dockerfile"
@@ -180,6 +185,9 @@ variable "HTTPS_PROXY" {
 variable "NO_PROXY" {
   default = ""
 }
+variable "TEST_BUILDKIT_TAG" {
+  default = null
+}
 
 target "integration-test-base" {
   inherits = ["_common"]
@@ -187,6 +195,7 @@ target "integration-test-base" {
     HTTP_PROXY = HTTP_PROXY
     HTTPS_PROXY = HTTPS_PROXY
     NO_PROXY = NO_PROXY
+    BUILDKIT_VERSION = TEST_BUILDKIT_TAG
   }
   target = "integration-test-base"
   output = ["type=cacheonly"]

docs/bake-reference.md

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# Bake file reference
+---
+title: Bake file reference
+---
 
 The Bake file is a file for defining workflows that you run using `docker buildx bake`.
 

docs/guides/cicd.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# CI/CD
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/ci/)

docs/guides/cni-networking.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# CNI networking
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/buildkit/configure/#cni-networking)

docs/guides/color-output.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Color output controls
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/env-vars/#buildkit_colors)

docs/guides/custom-network.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Using a custom network
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/docker-container/#custom-network)

docs/guides/custom-registry-config.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Using a custom registry configuration
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/buildkit/configure/#setting-registry-certificates)

docs/guides/opentelemetry.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# OpenTelemetry support
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/opentelemetry/)

docs/guides/registry-mirror.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Registry mirror
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/buildkit/configure/#registry-mirror)

docs/guides/resource-limiting.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Resource limiting
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/buildkit/configure/#resource-limiting)

docs/manuals/bake/build-contexts.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Defining additional build contexts and linking targets
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/build-contexts)

docs/manuals/bake/compose-file.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Building from Compose file
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/compose-file)

docs/manuals/bake/configuring-build.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Configuring builds
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/configuring-build)

docs/manuals/bake/file-definition.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Bake file definition
-
-This page has moved to [docs/bake-reference.md](../../bake-reference.md)

docs/manuals/bake/hcl-funcs.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# User defined HCL functions
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/hcl-funcs)

docs/manuals/bake/index.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# High-level build options with Bake
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/azblob.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Azure Blob Storage cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/azblob)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/gha.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# GitHub Actions cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/gha)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/index.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Cache storage backends
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/inline.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Inline cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/inline)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/local.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Local cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/local)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/registry.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Registry cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/registry)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/s3.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Amazon S3 cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/s3)

docs/manuals/drivers/docker-container.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Docker container driver
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers/docker-container)

docs/manuals/drivers/docker.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Docker driver
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers/docker)

docs/manuals/drivers/index.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Buildx drivers overview
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers)

docs/manuals/drivers/kubernetes.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Kubernetes driver
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers/kubernetes)

docs/manuals/drivers/remote.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Remote driver
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers/remote)

docs/manuals/exporters/image-registry.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Image and registry exporters
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/exporters/image-registry)

docs/manuals/exporters/index.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Exporters overview
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/exporters)

docs/manuals/exporters/local-tar.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Local and tar exporters
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/exporters/local-tar)

docs/manuals/exporters/oci-docker.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# OCI and Docker exporters
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/exporters/oci-docker)

docs/reference/buildx_bake.md

@@ -13,20 +13,20 @@ Build from a file
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name                             | Type          | Default | Description                                                                              |
-|:---------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| [`--builder`](#builder)          | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                 |
-| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file) | `stringArray` |         | Build definition file                                                                    |
-| `--load`                         |               |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=docker`                                               |
-| `--metadata-file`                | `string`      |         | Write build result metadata to the file                                                  |
-| [`--no-cache`](#no-cache)        |               |         | Do not use cache when building the image                                                 |
-| [`--print`](#print)              |               |         | Print the options without building                                                       |
-| [`--progress`](#progress)        | `string`      | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container output |
-| [`--provenance`](#provenance)    | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=provenance`                                           |
-| [`--pull`](#pull)                |               |         | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                             |
-| `--push`                         |               |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=registry`                                             |
-| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=sbom`                                                 |
-| [`--set`](#set)                  | `stringArray` |         | Override target value (e.g., `targetpattern.key=value`)                                  |
+| Name                                | Type          | Default | Description                                                                                         |
+|:------------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| [`--builder`](#builder)             | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
+| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file)    | `stringArray` |         | Build definition file                                                                               |
+| `--load`                            |               |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=docker`                                                          |
+| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file) | `string`      |         | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
+| [`--no-cache`](#no-cache)           |               |         | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
+| [`--print`](#print)                 |               |         | Print the options without building                                                                  |
+| [`--progress`](#progress)           | `string`      | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
+| [`--provenance`](#provenance)       | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=provenance`                                                      |
+| [`--pull`](#pull)                   |               |         | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
+| `--push`                            |               |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=registry`                                                        |
+| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                   | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=sbom`                                                            |
+| [`--set`](#set)                     | `stringArray` |         | Override target value (e.g., `targetpattern.key=value`)                                             |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -90,6 +90,77 @@ $ docker buildx bake -f docker-bake.dev.hcl db webapp-release
 See the [Bake file reference](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/reference/)
 for more details.
 
+### <a name="metadata-file"></a> Write build results metadata to a file (--metadata-file)
+
+Similar to [`buildx build --metadata-file`](buildx_build.md#metadata-file) but
+writes a map of results for each target such as:
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
+group "default" {
+  targets = ["db", "webapp-dev"]
+}
+
+target "db" {
+  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.db"
+  tags = ["docker.io/username/db"]
+}
+
+target "webapp-dev" {
+  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.webapp"
+  tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp"]
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake --load --metadata-file metadata.json .
+$ cat metadata.json
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "db": {
+    "buildx.build.provenance": {},
+    "buildx.build.ref": "mybuilder/mybuilder0/0fjb6ubs52xx3vygf6fgdl611",
+    "containerimage.config.digest": "sha256:2937f66a9722f7f4a2df583de2f8cb97fc9196059a410e7f00072fc918930e66",
+    "containerimage.descriptor": {
+      "annotations": {
+        "config.digest": "sha256:2937f66a9722f7f4a2df583de2f8cb97fc9196059a410e7f00072fc918930e66",
+        "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2022-02-08T21:28:03Z"
+      },
+      "digest": "sha256:19ffeab6f8bc9293ac2c3fdf94ebe28396254c993aea0b5a542cfb02e0883fa3",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+      "size": 506
+    },
+    "containerimage.digest": "sha256:19ffeab6f8bc9293ac2c3fdf94ebe28396254c993aea0b5a542cfb02e0883fa3"
+  },
+  "webapp-dev": {
+    "buildx.build.provenance": {},
+    "buildx.build.ref": "mybuilder/mybuilder0/kamngmcgyzebqxwu98b4lfv3n",
+    "containerimage.config.digest": "sha256:9651cc2b3c508f697c9c43b67b64c8359c2865c019e680aac1c11f4b875b67e0",
+    "containerimage.descriptor": {
+      "annotations": {
+        "config.digest": "sha256:9651cc2b3c508f697c9c43b67b64c8359c2865c019e680aac1c11f4b875b67e0",
+        "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2022-02-08T21:28:15Z"
+      },
+      "digest": "sha256:6d9ac9237a84afe1516540f40a0fafdc86859b2141954b4d643af7066d598b74",
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+      "size": 506
+    },
+    "containerimage.digest": "sha256:6d9ac9237a84afe1516540f40a0fafdc86859b2141954b4d643af7066d598b74"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Build record [provenance](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/slsa-provenance/#provenance-attestation-example)
+> (`buildx.build.provenance`) includes minimal provenance by default. Set the
+> `BUILDX_METADATA_PROVENANCE` environment variable to customize this behavior:
+> * `min` sets minimal provenance (default).
+> * `max` sets full provenance.
+> * `disabled`, `false` or `0` does not set any provenance.
+
 ### <a name="no-cache"></a> Don't use cache when building the image (--no-cache)
 
 Same as `build --no-cache`. Don't use cache when building the image.
@@ -162,6 +233,7 @@ You can override the following fields:
 * `context`
 * `dockerfile`
 * `labels`
+* `load`
 * `no-cache`
 * `no-cache-filter`
 * `output`

docs/reference/buildx_build.md

@@ -24,20 +24,21 @@ Start a build
 | [`--builder`](#builder)                                                                                                                            | `string`      |           | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
 | [`--cache-from`](#cache-from)                                                                                                                      | `stringArray` |           | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`)                       |
 | [`--cache-to`](#cache-to)                                                                                                                          | `stringArray` |           | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`)                   |
+| `--call`                                                                                                                                           | `string`      | `build`   | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                     |
 | [`--cgroup-parent`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#cgroup-parent)                                                       | `string`      |           | Set the parent cgroup for the `RUN` instructions during build                                       |
+| `--check`                                                                                                                                          |               |           | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                        |
 | `--detach`                                                                                                                                         |               |           | Detach buildx server (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                       |
 | [`-f`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#file), [`--file`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#file) | `string`      |           | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`)                                                 |
-| `--iidfile`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to the file                                                                      |
+| `--iidfile`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to a file                                                                        |
 | `--label`                                                                                                                                          | `stringArray` |           | Set metadata for an image                                                                           |
 | [`--load`](#load)                                                                                                                                  |               |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker`                                                                |
-| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file)                                                                                                                | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to the file                                                             |
+| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file)                                                                                                                | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
 | `--network`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build                                     |
 | `--no-cache`                                                                                                                                       |               |           | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
 | [`--no-cache-filter`](#no-cache-filter)                                                                                                            | `stringArray` |           | Do not cache specified stages                                                                       |
 | [`-o`](#output), [`--output`](#output)                                                                                                             | `stringArray` |           | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`)                                                 |
 | [`--platform`](#platform)                                                                                                                          | `stringArray` |           | Set target platform for build                                                                       |
-| `--print`                                                                                                                                          | `string`      |           | Print result of information request (e.g., outline, targets) (EXPERIMENTAL)                         |
-| [`--progress`](#progress)                                                                                                                          | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container output            |
+| [`--progress`](#progress)                                                                                                                          | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
 | [`--provenance`](#provenance)                                                                                                                      | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=provenance`                                                            |
 | `--pull`                                                                                                                                           |               |           | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
 | [`--push`](#push)                                                                                                                                  |               |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry`                                                              |
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ Allow extra privileged entitlement. List of entitlements:
 
 - `network.host` - Allows executions with host networking.
 - `security.insecure` - Allows executions without sandbox. See
-  [related Dockerfile extensions](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#run---securitysandbox).
+  [related Dockerfile extensions](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#run---security).
 
 For entitlements to be enabled, the BuildKit daemon also needs to allow them
 with `--allow-insecure-entitlement` (see [`create --buildkitd-flags`](buildx_create.md#buildkitd-flags)).
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ More info about cache exporters and available attributes: https://github.com/mob
 Shorthand for [`--output=type=docker`](#docker). Will automatically load the
 single-platform build result to `docker images`.
 
-### <a name="metadata-file"></a> Write build result metadata to the file (--metadata-file)
+### <a name="metadata-file"></a> Write build result metadata to a file (--metadata-file)
 
 To output build metadata such as the image digest, pass the `--metadata-file` flag.
 The metadata will be written as a JSON object to the specified file. The
@@ -327,6 +328,7 @@ $ cat metadata.json
 
 ```json
 {
+  "buildx.build.provenance": {},
   "buildx.build.ref": "mybuilder/mybuilder0/0fjb6ubs52xx3vygf6fgdl611",
   "containerimage.config.digest": "sha256:2937f66a9722f7f4a2df583de2f8cb97fc9196059a410e7f00072fc918930e66",
   "containerimage.descriptor": {
@@ -342,6 +344,15 @@ $ cat metadata.json
 }
 ```
 
+> **Note**
+>
+> Build record [provenance](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/slsa-provenance/#provenance-attestation-example)
+> (`buildx.build.provenance`) includes minimal provenance by default. Set the
+> `BUILDX_METADATA_PROVENANCE` environment variable to customize this behavior:
+> * `min` sets minimal provenance (default).
+> * `max` sets full provenance.
+> * `disabled`, `false` or `0` does not set any provenance.
+
 ### <a name="no-cache-filter"></a> Ignore build cache for specific stages (--no-cache-filter)
 
 The `--no-cache-filter` lets you specify one or more stages of a multi-stage
@@ -418,7 +429,7 @@ exporter and write to `stdout`.
 ```console
 $ docker buildx build -o . .
 $ docker buildx build -o outdir .
-$ docker buildx build -o - - > out.tar
+$ docker buildx build -o - . > out.tar
 $ docker buildx build -o type=docker .
 $ docker buildx build -o type=docker,dest=- . > myimage.tar
 $ docker buildx build -t tonistiigi/foo -o type=registry
@@ -540,8 +551,8 @@ $ docker buildx build --platform=darwin .
 --progress=VALUE
 ```
 
-Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container
-output (default "auto").
+Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use `plain` to show container
+output (default `auto`).
 
 > **Note**
 >
@@ -564,8 +575,11 @@ $ docker buildx build --load --progress=plain .
 
 > **Note**
 >
-> Check also our [Color output controls guide](https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/master/docs/guides/color-output.md)
-> for modifying the colors that are used to output information to the terminal.
+> Check also the [`BUILDKIT_COLORS`](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/variables/#buildkit_colors)
+> environment variable for modifying the colors of the terminal output.
+
+The `rawjson` output marshals the solve status events from BuildKit to JSON lines.
+This mode is designed to be read by an external program.
 
 ### <a name="provenance"></a> Create provenance attestations (--provenance)
 
@@ -615,10 +629,18 @@ For more information, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/sbom
 --secret=[type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]
 ```
 
-Exposes secret to the build. The secret can be used by the build using
-[`RUN --mount=type=secret` mount](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#run---mounttypesecret).
+Exposes secrets (authentication credentials, tokens) to the build.
+A secret can be mounted into the build using a `RUN --mount=type=secret` mount in the
+[Dockerfile](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#run---mounttypesecret).
+For more information about how to use build secrets, see
+[Build secrets](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/secrets/).
 
-If `type` is unset it will be detected. Supported types are:
+Supported types are:
+
+- [`file`](#file)
+- [`env`](#env)
+
+Buildx attempts to detect the `type` automatically if unset.
 
 #### `file`
 

docs/reference/buildx_debug.md

@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ Start debugger (EXPERIMENTAL)
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name              | Type     | Default | Description                                                                                              |
-|:------------------|:---------|:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `--builder`       | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                                 |
-| `--detach`        | `bool`   | `true`  | Detach buildx server for the monitor (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                            |
-| `--invoke`        | `string` |         | Launch a monitor with executing specified command (EXPERIMENTAL)                                         |
-| `--on`            | `string` | `error` | When to launch the monitor ([always, error]) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                              |
-| `--progress`      | `string` | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`) for the monitor. Use plain to show container output |
-| `--root`          | `string` |         | Specify root directory of server to connect for the monitor (EXPERIMENTAL)                               |
-| `--server-config` | `string` |         | Specify buildx server config file for the monitor (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)   |
+| Name              | Type     | Default | Description                                                                                                         |
+|:------------------|:---------|:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `--builder`       | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                                            |
+| `--detach`        | `bool`   | `true`  | Detach buildx server for the monitor (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                       |
+| `--invoke`        | `string` |         | Launch a monitor with executing specified command (EXPERIMENTAL)                                                    |
+| `--on`            | `string` | `error` | When to launch the monitor ([always, error]) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                                         |
+| `--progress`      | `string` | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`) for the monitor. Use plain to show container output |
+| `--root`          | `string` |         | Specify root directory of server to connect for the monitor (EXPERIMENTAL)                                          |
+| `--server-config` | `string` |         | Specify buildx server config file for the monitor (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)              |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->

docs/reference/buildx_debug_build.md

@@ -20,20 +20,21 @@ Start a build
 | `--builder`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      |           | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
 | `--cache-from`                                                                                                                                     | `stringArray` |           | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`)                       |
 | `--cache-to`                                                                                                                                       | `stringArray` |           | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`)                   |
+| `--call`                                                                                                                                           | `string`      | `build`   | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                     |
 | [`--cgroup-parent`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#cgroup-parent)                                                       | `string`      |           | Set the parent cgroup for the `RUN` instructions during build                                       |
+| `--check`                                                                                                                                          |               |           | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                        |
 | `--detach`                                                                                                                                         |               |           | Detach buildx server (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                       |
 | [`-f`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#file), [`--file`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#file) | `string`      |           | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`)                                                 |
-| `--iidfile`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to the file                                                                      |
+| `--iidfile`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to a file                                                                        |
 | `--label`                                                                                                                                          | `stringArray` |           | Set metadata for an image                                                                           |
 | `--load`                                                                                                                                           |               |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker`                                                                |
-| `--metadata-file`                                                                                                                                  | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to the file                                                             |
+| `--metadata-file`                                                                                                                                  | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
 | `--network`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build                                     |
 | `--no-cache`                                                                                                                                       |               |           | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
 | `--no-cache-filter`                                                                                                                                | `stringArray` |           | Do not cache specified stages                                                                       |
 | `-o`, `--output`                                                                                                                                   | `stringArray` |           | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`)                                                 |
 | `--platform`                                                                                                                                       | `stringArray` |           | Set target platform for build                                                                       |
-| `--print`                                                                                                                                          | `string`      |           | Print result of information request (e.g., outline, targets) (EXPERIMENTAL)                         |
-| `--progress`                                                                                                                                       | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container output            |
+| `--progress`                                                                                                                                       | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
 | `--provenance`                                                                                                                                     | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=provenance`                                                            |
 | `--pull`                                                                                                                                           |               |           | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
 | `--push`                                                                                                                                           |               |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry`                                                              |

docs/reference/buildx_dial-stdio.md

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ Proxy current stdio streams to builder instance
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name         | Type     | Default | Description                                      |
-|:-------------|:---------|:--------|:-------------------------------------------------|
-| `--builder`  | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance         |
-| `--platform` | `string` |         | Target platform: this is used for node selection |
-| `--progress` | `string` | `quiet` | Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty).  |
+| Name         | Type     | Default | Description                                                                                         |
+|:-------------|:---------|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `--builder`  | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
+| `--platform` | `string` |         | Target platform: this is used for node selection                                                    |
+| `--progress` | `string` | `quiet` | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->

docs/reference/buildx_imagetools_create.md

@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@ Create a new image based on source images
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name                             | Type          | Default | Description                                                                              |
-|:---------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| [`--annotation`](#annotation)    | `stringArray` |         | Add annotation to the image                                                              |
-| [`--append`](#append)            |               |         | Append to existing manifest                                                              |
-| [`--builder`](#builder)          | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                 |
-| [`--dry-run`](#dry-run)          |               |         | Show final image instead of pushing                                                      |
-| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file) | `stringArray` |         | Read source descriptor from file                                                         |
-| `--progress`                     | `string`      | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container output |
-| [`-t`](#tag), [`--tag`](#tag)    | `stringArray` |         | Set reference for new image                                                              |
+| Name                             | Type          | Default | Description                                                                                                                   |
+|:---------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| [`--annotation`](#annotation)    | `stringArray` |         | Add annotation to the image                                                                                                   |
+| [`--append`](#append)            |               |         | Append to existing manifest                                                                                                   |
+| [`--builder`](#builder)          | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                                                      |
+| [`--dry-run`](#dry-run)          |               |         | Show final image instead of pushing                                                                                           |
+| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file) | `stringArray` |         | Read source descriptor from file                                                                                              |
+| `--prefer-index`                 | `bool`        | `true`  | When only a single source is specified, prefer outputting an image index or manifest list instead of performing a carbon copy |
+| `--progress`                     | `string`      | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output                           |
+| [`-t`](#tag), [`--tag`](#tag)    | `stringArray` |         | Set reference for new image                                                                                                   |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -26,8 +27,13 @@ Create a new image based on source images
 
 Create a new manifest list based on source manifests. The source manifests can
 be manifest lists or single platform distribution manifests and must already
-exist in the registry where the new manifest is created. If only one source is
-specified, create performs a carbon copy.
+exist in the registry where the new manifest is created.
+
+If only one source is specified and that source is a manifest list or image index,
+create performs a carbon copy. If one source is specified and that source is *not*
+a list or index, the output will be a manifest list, however you can disable this
+behavior with `--prefer-index=false` which attempts to preserve the source manifest
+format in the output.
 
 ## Examples
 

driver/docker-container/driver.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	dockertypes "github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	imagetypes "github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/system"
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/idtools"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stdcopy"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ type Driver struct {
 	cgroupParent  string
 	restartPolicy container.RestartPolicy
 	env           []string
+	defaultLoad   bool
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) IsMobyDriver() bool {
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Bootstrap(ctx context.Context, l progress.Logger) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		return sub.Wrap("starting container "+d.Name, func() error {
-			if err := d.start(ctx, sub); err != nil {
+			if err := d.start(ctx); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			return d.wait(ctx, sub)
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ func (d *Driver) create(ctx context.Context, l progress.SubLogger) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		rc, err := d.DockerAPI.ImageCreate(ctx, imageName, dockertypes.ImageCreateOptions{
+		rc, err := d.DockerAPI.ImageCreate(ctx, imageName, imagetypes.CreateOptions{
 			RegistryAuth: ra,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ func (d *Driver) create(ctx context.Context, l progress.SubLogger) error {
 			if err := d.copyToContainer(ctx, d.InitConfig.Files); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			if err := d.start(ctx, l); err != nil {
+			if err := d.start(ctx); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -202,14 +203,12 @@ func (d *Driver) wait(ctx context.Context, l progress.SubLogger) error {
 		bufStderr := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		if err := d.run(ctx, []string{"buildctl", "debug", "workers"}, bufStdout, bufStderr); err != nil {
 			if try > 15 {
-				if err != nil {
-					d.copyLogs(context.TODO(), l)
-					if bufStdout.Len() != 0 {
-						l.Log(1, bufStdout.Bytes())
-					}
-					if bufStderr.Len() != 0 {
-						l.Log(2, bufStderr.Bytes())
-					}
+				d.copyLogs(context.TODO(), l)
+				if bufStdout.Len() != 0 {
+					l.Log(1, bufStdout.Bytes())
+				}
+				if bufStderr.Len() != 0 {
+					l.Log(2, bufStderr.Bytes())
 				}
 				return err
 			}
@@ -303,7 +302,7 @@ func (d *Driver) run(ctx context.Context, cmd []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *Driver) start(ctx context.Context, l progress.SubLogger) error {
+func (d *Driver) start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return d.DockerAPI.ContainerStart(ctx, d.Name, container.StartOptions{})
 }
 
@@ -395,28 +394,21 @@ func (d *Driver) Dial(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 	return conn, nil
 }
 
-func (d *Driver) Client(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
+func (d *Driver) Client(ctx context.Context, opts ...client.ClientOpt) (*client.Client, error) {
 	conn, err := d.Dial(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	exp, _, err := detect.Exporter()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var opts []client.ClientOpt
 	var counter int64
-	opts = append(opts, client.WithContextDialer(func(context.Context, string) (net.Conn, error) {
-		if atomic.AddInt64(&counter, 1) > 1 {
-			return nil, net.ErrClosed
-		}
-		return conn, nil
-	}))
-	if td, ok := exp.(client.TracerDelegate); ok {
-		opts = append(opts, client.WithTracerDelegate(td))
-	}
+	opts = append([]client.ClientOpt{
+		client.WithContextDialer(func(context.Context, string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			if atomic.AddInt64(&counter, 1) > 1 {
+				return nil, net.ErrClosed
+			}
+			return conn, nil
+		}),
+	}, opts...)
 	return client.New(ctx, "", opts...)
 }
 
@@ -430,6 +422,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Features(ctx context.Context) map[driver.Feature]bool {
 		driver.DockerExporter: true,
 		driver.CacheExport:    true,
 		driver.MultiPlatform:  true,
+		driver.DefaultLoad:    d.defaultLoad,
 	}
 }
 

driver/docker-container/factory.go

@@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
+		case k == "default-load":
+			d.defaultLoad, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
 		case strings.HasPrefix(k, "env."):
 			envName := strings.TrimPrefix(k, "env.")
 			if envName == "" {

driver/docker/driver.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
@@ -61,22 +60,14 @@ func (d *Driver) Dial(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 	return d.DockerAPI.DialHijack(ctx, "/grpc", "h2c", d.DialMeta)
 }
 
-func (d *Driver) Client(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
-	opts := []client.ClientOpt{
+func (d *Driver) Client(ctx context.Context, opts ...client.ClientOpt) (*client.Client, error) {
+	opts = append([]client.ClientOpt{
 		client.WithContextDialer(func(context.Context, string) (net.Conn, error) {
 			return d.Dial(ctx)
 		}), client.WithSessionDialer(func(ctx context.Context, proto string, meta map[string][]string) (net.Conn, error) {
 			return d.DockerAPI.DialHijack(ctx, "/session", proto, meta)
 		}),
-	}
-
-	exp, _, err := detect.Exporter()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if td, ok := exp.(client.TracerDelegate); ok {
-		opts = append(opts, client.WithTracerDelegate(td))
-	}
+	}, opts...)
 	return client.New(ctx, "", opts...)
 }
 
@@ -102,6 +93,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Features(ctx context.Context) map[driver.Feature]bool {
 			driver.DockerExporter: useContainerdSnapshotter,
 			driver.CacheExport:    useContainerdSnapshotter,
 			driver.MultiPlatform:  useContainerdSnapshotter,
+			driver.DefaultLoad:    true,
 		}
 	})
 	return d.features.list

driver/driver.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
@@ -60,15 +61,33 @@ type Driver interface {
 	Stop(ctx context.Context, force bool) error
 	Rm(ctx context.Context, force, rmVolume, rmDaemon bool) error
 	Dial(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error)
-	Client(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error)
+	Client(ctx context.Context, opts ...client.ClientOpt) (*client.Client, error)
 	Features(ctx context.Context) map[Feature]bool
 	HostGatewayIP(ctx context.Context) (net.IP, error)
 	IsMobyDriver() bool
 	Config() InitConfig
 }
 
+const builderNamePrefix = "buildx_buildkit_"
+
+func BuilderName(name string) string {
+	return builderNamePrefix + name
+}
+
+func ParseBuilderName(name string) (string, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(name, builderNamePrefix) {
+		return "", errors.Errorf("invalid builder name %q, must have %q prefix", name, builderNamePrefix)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(name, builderNamePrefix), nil
+}
+
 func Boot(ctx, clientContext context.Context, d *DriverHandle, pw progress.Writer) (*client.Client, error) {
 	try := 0
+	logger := discardLogger
+	if pw != nil {
+		logger = pw.Write
+	}
+
 	for {
 		info, err := d.Info(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -79,7 +98,7 @@ func Boot(ctx, clientContext context.Context, d *DriverHandle, pw progress.Write
 			if try > 2 {
 				return nil, errors.Errorf("failed to bootstrap %T driver in attempts", d)
 			}
-			if err := d.Bootstrap(ctx, pw.Write); err != nil {
+			if err := d.Bootstrap(ctx, logger); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 		}
@@ -95,6 +114,8 @@ func Boot(ctx, clientContext context.Context, d *DriverHandle, pw progress.Write
 	}
 }
 
+func discardLogger(*client.SolveStatus) {}
+
 func historyAPISupported(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client) bool {
 	cl, err := c.ControlClient().ListenBuildHistory(ctx, &controlapi.BuildHistoryRequest{
 		ActiveOnly: true,

driver/features.go

@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ const DockerExporter Feature = "Docker exporter"
 
 const CacheExport Feature = "Cache export"
 const MultiPlatform Feature = "Multi-platform build"
+
+const DefaultLoad Feature = "Automatically load images to the Docker Engine image store"

driver/kubernetes/context/fixtures/k3s-kubeconfig

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ contexts:
     cluster: test-cluster
     user: test-user
     namespace: zoinx
-  name: test
-current-context: test
+  name: k3s
+current-context: k3s
 kind: Config
 preferences: {}
 users:

driver/kubernetes/context/load.go

@@ -167,11 +167,12 @@ func NewKubernetesConfig(configPath string) clientcmd.ClientConfig {
 // ConfigFromEndpoint loads kubernetes config from endpoint
 func ConfigFromEndpoint(endpointName string, s store.Reader) (clientcmd.ClientConfig, error) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(endpointName, "kubernetes://") {
+		rules := clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfigLoadingRules()
 		u, _ := url.Parse(endpointName)
 		if kubeconfig := u.Query().Get("kubeconfig"); kubeconfig != "" {
-			_ = os.Setenv(clientcmd.RecommendedConfigPathEnvVar, kubeconfig)
+			rules.Precedence = append(rules.Precedence, kubeconfig)
+			rules.ExplicitPath = kubeconfig
 		}
-		rules := clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfigLoadingRules()
 		apiConfig, err := rules.Load()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err

driver/kubernetes/context/load_test.go

@@ -1,20 +1,35 @@
 package context
 
 import (
-	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/store"
 	cliflags "github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestDefaultContextInitializer(t *testing.T) {
-	os.Setenv("KUBECONFIG", "./fixtures/test-kubeconfig")
-	defer os.Unsetenv("KUBECONFIG")
+	t.Setenv("KUBECONFIG", "./fixtures/test-kubeconfig")
 	ctx, err := command.ResolveDefaultContext(&cliflags.ClientOptions{}, command.DefaultContextStoreConfig())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "default", ctx.Meta.Name)
 	assert.Equal(t, "zoinx", ctx.Meta.Endpoints[KubernetesEndpoint].(EndpointMeta).DefaultNamespace)
 }
+
+func TestConfigFromEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("KUBECONFIG", "./fixtures/test-kubeconfig")
+	cfg, err := ConfigFromEndpoint(
+		"kubernetes:///buildx-test-4c972a3f9d369614b40f28a281790c7e?deployment=buildkit-4c2ed3ed-970f-4f3d-a6df-a4fcbab4d5cf-d9d73&kubeconfig=.%2Ffixtures%2Fk3s-kubeconfig",
+		store.New(config.ContextStoreDir(), command.DefaultContextStoreConfig()),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	rawcfg, err := cfg.RawConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ctxcfg := "k3s"
+	if _, ok := rawcfg.Contexts[ctxcfg]; !ok {
+		t.Errorf("Context config %q not found", ctxcfg)
+	}
+}

driver/kubernetes/driver.go

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/platformutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ type Driver struct {
 	podClient        clientcorev1.PodInterface
 	configMapClient  clientcorev1.ConfigMapInterface
 	podChooser       podchooser.PodChooser
+	defaultLoad      bool
+	timeout          time.Duration
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) IsMobyDriver() bool {
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Bootstrap(ctx context.Context, l progress.Logger) error {
 			}
 		}
 		return sub.Wrap(
-			fmt.Sprintf("waiting for %d pods to be ready", d.minReplicas),
+			fmt.Sprintf("waiting for %d pods to be ready, timeout: %s", d.minReplicas, units.HumanDuration(d.timeout)),
 			func() error {
 				return d.wait(ctx)
 			})
@@ -101,22 +103,27 @@ func (d *Driver) wait(ctx context.Context) error {
 		err  error
 		depl *appsv1.Deployment
 	)
-	for try := 0; try < 100; try++ {
-		depl, err = d.deploymentClient.Get(ctx, d.deployment.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
-		if err == nil {
-			if depl.Status.ReadyReplicas >= int32(d.minReplicas) {
-				return nil
-			}
-			err = errors.Errorf("expected %d replicas to be ready, got %d",
-				d.minReplicas, depl.Status.ReadyReplicas)
-		}
+
+	timeoutChan := time.After(d.timeout)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return ctx.Err()
-		case <-time.After(time.Duration(100+try*20) * time.Millisecond):
+		case <-timeoutChan:
+			return err
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			depl, err = d.deploymentClient.Get(ctx, d.deployment.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+			if err == nil {
+				if depl.Status.ReadyReplicas >= int32(d.minReplicas) {
+					return nil
+				}
+				err = errors.Errorf("expected %d replicas to be ready, got %d", d.minReplicas, depl.Status.ReadyReplicas)
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	return err
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) Info(ctx context.Context) (*driver.Info, error) {
@@ -211,19 +218,12 @@ func (d *Driver) Dial(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 	return conn, nil
 }
 
-func (d *Driver) Client(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
-	exp, _, err := detect.Exporter()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var opts []client.ClientOpt
-	opts = append(opts, client.WithContextDialer(func(context.Context, string) (net.Conn, error) {
-		return d.Dial(ctx)
-	}))
-	if td, ok := exp.(client.TracerDelegate); ok {
-		opts = append(opts, client.WithTracerDelegate(td))
-	}
+func (d *Driver) Client(ctx context.Context, opts ...client.ClientOpt) (*client.Client, error) {
+	opts = append([]client.ClientOpt{
+		client.WithContextDialer(func(context.Context, string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return d.Dial(ctx)
+		}),
+	}, opts...)
 	return client.New(ctx, "", opts...)
 }
 
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Features(_ context.Context) map[driver.Feature]bool {
 		driver.DockerExporter: d.DockerAPI != nil,
 		driver.CacheExport:    true,
 		driver.MultiPlatform:  true, // Untested (needs multiple Driver instances)
+		driver.DefaultLoad:    d.defaultLoad,
 	}
 }
 

driver/kubernetes/factory.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 
@@ -16,8 +17,11 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 )
 
-const prioritySupported = 40
-const priorityUnsupported = 80
+const (
+	prioritySupported   = 40
+	priorityUnsupported = 80
+	defaultTimeout      = 120 * time.Second
+)
 
 func init() {
 	driver.Register(&factory{})
@@ -68,11 +72,14 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 		clientset:  clientset,
 	}
 
-	deploymentOpt, loadbalance, namespace, err := f.processDriverOpts(deploymentName, namespace, cfg)
+	deploymentOpt, loadbalance, namespace, defaultLoad, timeout, err := f.processDriverOpts(deploymentName, namespace, cfg)
 	if nil != err {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	d.defaultLoad = defaultLoad
+	d.timeout = timeout
+
 	d.deployment, d.configMaps, err = manifest.NewDeployment(deploymentOpt)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -100,7 +107,7 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 	return d, nil
 }
 
-func (f *factory) processDriverOpts(deploymentName string, namespace string, cfg driver.InitConfig) (*manifest.DeploymentOpt, string, string, error) {
+func (f *factory) processDriverOpts(deploymentName string, namespace string, cfg driver.InitConfig) (*manifest.DeploymentOpt, string, string, bool, time.Duration, error) {
 	deploymentOpt := &manifest.DeploymentOpt{
 		Name:          deploymentName,
 		Image:         bkimage.DefaultImage,
@@ -111,6 +118,9 @@ func (f *factory) processDriverOpts(deploymentName string, namespace string, cfg
 		ConfigFiles:   cfg.Files,
 	}
 
+	defaultLoad := false
+	timeout := defaultTimeout
+
 	deploymentOpt.Qemu.Image = bkimage.QemuImage
 
 	loadbalance := LoadbalanceSticky
@@ -127,40 +137,46 @@ func (f *factory) processDriverOpts(deploymentName string, namespace string, cfg
 		case "replicas":
 			deploymentOpt.Replicas, err = strconv.Atoi(v)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, "", "", err
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, err
 			}
 		case "requests.cpu":
 			deploymentOpt.RequestsCPU = v
 		case "requests.memory":
 			deploymentOpt.RequestsMemory = v
+		case "requests.ephemeral-storage":
+			deploymentOpt.RequestsEphemeralStorage = v
 		case "limits.cpu":
 			deploymentOpt.LimitsCPU = v
 		case "limits.memory":
 			deploymentOpt.LimitsMemory = v
+		case "limits.ephemeral-storage":
+			deploymentOpt.LimitsEphemeralStorage = v
 		case "rootless":
 			deploymentOpt.Rootless, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, "", "", err
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, err
 			}
 			if _, isImage := cfg.DriverOpts["image"]; !isImage {
 				deploymentOpt.Image = bkimage.DefaultRootlessImage
 			}
+		case "schedulername":
+			deploymentOpt.SchedulerName = v
 		case "serviceaccount":
 			deploymentOpt.ServiceAccountName = v
 		case "nodeselector":
 			deploymentOpt.NodeSelector, err = splitMultiValues(v, ",", "=")
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, "", "", errors.Wrap(err, "cannot parse node selector")
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "cannot parse node selector")
 			}
 		case "annotations":
 			deploymentOpt.CustomAnnotations, err = splitMultiValues(v, ",", "=")
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, "", "", errors.Wrap(err, "cannot parse annotations")
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "cannot parse annotations")
 			}
 		case "labels":
 			deploymentOpt.CustomLabels, err = splitMultiValues(v, ",", "=")
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, "", "", errors.Wrap(err, "cannot parse labels")
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "cannot parse labels")
 			}
 		case "tolerations":
 			ts := strings.Split(v, ";")
@@ -185,12 +201,12 @@ func (f *factory) processDriverOpts(deploymentName string, namespace string, cfg
 						case "tolerationSeconds":
 							c, err := strconv.Atoi(kv[1])
 							if nil != err {
-								return nil, "", "", err
+								return nil, "", "", false, 0, err
 							}
 							c64 := int64(c)
 							t.TolerationSeconds = &c64
 						default:
-							return nil, "", "", errors.Errorf("invalid tolaration %q", v)
+							return nil, "", "", false, 0, errors.Errorf("invalid tolaration %q", v)
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -202,24 +218,34 @@ func (f *factory) processDriverOpts(deploymentName string, namespace string, cfg
 			case LoadbalanceSticky:
 			case LoadbalanceRandom:
 			default:
-				return nil, "", "", errors.Errorf("invalid loadbalance %q", v)
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, errors.Errorf("invalid loadbalance %q", v)
 			}
 			loadbalance = v
 		case "qemu.install":
 			deploymentOpt.Qemu.Install, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, "", "", err
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, err
 			}
 		case "qemu.image":
 			if v != "" {
 				deploymentOpt.Qemu.Image = v
 			}
+		case "default-load":
+			defaultLoad, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, err
+			}
+		case "timeout":
+			timeout, err = time.ParseDuration(v)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, "", "", false, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "cannot parse timeout")
+			}
 		default:
-			return nil, "", "", errors.Errorf("invalid driver option %s for driver %s", k, DriverName)
+			return nil, "", "", false, 0, errors.Errorf("invalid driver option %s for driver %s", k, DriverName)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return deploymentOpt, loadbalance, namespace, nil
+	return deploymentOpt, loadbalance, namespace, defaultLoad, timeout, nil
 }
 
 func splitMultiValues(in string, itemsep string, kvsep string) (map[string]string, error) {
@@ -244,10 +270,10 @@ func (f *factory) AllowsInstances() bool {
 // eg. "buildx_buildkit_loving_mendeleev0" -> "loving-mendeleev0"
 func buildxNameToDeploymentName(bx string) (string, error) {
 	// TODO: commands.util.go should not pass "buildx_buildkit_" prefix to drivers
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(bx, "buildx_buildkit_") {
-		return "", errors.Errorf("expected a string with \"buildx_buildkit_\", got %q", bx)
+	s, err := driver.ParseBuilderName(bx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
 	}
-	s := strings.TrimPrefix(bx, "buildx_buildkit_")
 	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "_", "-")
 	return s, nil
 }

driver/kubernetes/factory_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package kubernetes
 
 import (
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver/bkimage"
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	cfg := driver.InitConfig{
-		Name:             "buildx_buildkit_test",
+		Name:             driver.BuilderName("test"),
 		KubeClientConfig: &kcc,
 	}
 	f := factory{}
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 				"namespace":       "test-ns",
 				"image":           "test:latest",
 				"replicas":        "2",
+				"timeout":         "300s",
 				"requests.cpu":    "100m",
 				"requests.memory": "32Mi",
 				"limits.cpu":      "200m",
@@ -52,8 +54,9 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 				"loadbalance":     "random",
 				"qemu.install":    "true",
 				"qemu.image":      "qemu:latest",
+				"default-load":    "true",
 			}
-			r, loadbalance, ns, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			r, loadbalance, ns, defaultLoad, timeout, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 
 			nodeSelectors := map[string]string{
 				"selector1": "value1",
@@ -102,6 +105,8 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Equal(t, LoadbalanceRandom, loadbalance)
 			require.True(t, r.Qemu.Install)
 			require.Equal(t, "qemu:latest", r.Qemu.Image)
+			require.True(t, defaultLoad)
+			require.Equal(t, 300*time.Second, timeout)
 		},
 	)
 
@@ -109,7 +114,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 		"NoOptions", func(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{}
 
-			r, loadbalance, ns, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			r, loadbalance, ns, defaultLoad, timeout, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -128,6 +133,8 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Equal(t, LoadbalanceSticky, loadbalance)
 			require.False(t, r.Qemu.Install)
 			require.Equal(t, bkimage.QemuImage, r.Qemu.Image)
+			require.False(t, defaultLoad)
+			require.Equal(t, 120*time.Second, timeout)
 		},
 	)
 
@@ -138,7 +145,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 				"loadbalance": "sticky",
 			}
 
-			r, loadbalance, ns, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			r, loadbalance, ns, defaultLoad, timeout, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -157,6 +164,8 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Equal(t, LoadbalanceSticky, loadbalance)
 			require.False(t, r.Qemu.Install)
 			require.Equal(t, bkimage.QemuImage, r.Qemu.Image)
+			require.False(t, defaultLoad)
+			require.Equal(t, 120*time.Second, timeout)
 		},
 	)
 
@@ -165,7 +174,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"replicas": "invalid",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)
@@ -175,7 +184,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"rootless": "invalid",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)
@@ -185,7 +194,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"tolerations": "key=foo,value=bar,invalid=foo2",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)
@@ -195,7 +204,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"tolerations": "key=foo,value=bar,tolerationSeconds=invalid",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)
@@ -205,7 +214,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"annotations": "key,value",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)
@@ -215,7 +224,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"labels": "key=value=foo",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)
@@ -225,7 +234,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"loadbalance": "invalid",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)
@@ -235,7 +244,7 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"qemu.install": "invalid",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)
@@ -245,7 +254,17 @@ func TestFactory_processDriverOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
 				"invalid": "foo",
 			}
-			_, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+		},
+	)
+
+	t.Run(
+		"InvalidTimeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg.DriverOpts = map[string]string{
+				"timeout": "invalid",
+			}
+			_, _, _, _, _, err := f.processDriverOpts(cfg.Name, "test", cfg)
 			require.Error(t, err)
 		},
 	)

driver/kubernetes/manifest/manifest.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ type DeploymentOpt struct {
 	Image              string
 	Replicas           int
 	ServiceAccountName string
+	SchedulerName      string
 
 	// Qemu
 	Qemu struct {
@@ -32,16 +33,18 @@ type DeploymentOpt struct {
 	// files mounted at /etc/buildkitd
 	ConfigFiles map[string][]byte
 
-	Rootless          bool
-	NodeSelector      map[string]string
-	CustomAnnotations map[string]string
-	CustomLabels      map[string]string
-	Tolerations       []corev1.Toleration
-	RequestsCPU       string
-	RequestsMemory    string
-	LimitsCPU         string
-	LimitsMemory      string
-	Platforms         []v1.Platform
+	Rootless                 bool
+	NodeSelector             map[string]string
+	CustomAnnotations        map[string]string
+	CustomLabels             map[string]string
+	Tolerations              []corev1.Toleration
+	RequestsCPU              string
+	RequestsMemory           string
+	RequestsEphemeralStorage string
+	LimitsCPU                string
+	LimitsMemory             string
+	LimitsEphemeralStorage   string
+	Platforms                []v1.Platform
 }
 
 const (
@@ -105,6 +108,7 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (d *appsv1.Deployment, c []*corev1.Config
 				},
 				Spec: corev1.PodSpec{
 					ServiceAccountName: opt.ServiceAccountName,
+					SchedulerName:      opt.SchedulerName,
 					Containers: []corev1.Container{
 						{
 							Name:  containerName,
@@ -144,13 +148,13 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (d *appsv1.Deployment, c []*corev1.Config
 			Data: cfg.files,
 		}
 
-		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].VolumeMounts = []corev1.VolumeMount{{
+		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].VolumeMounts = append(d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].VolumeMounts, corev1.VolumeMount{
 			Name:      cfg.name,
 			MountPath: path.Join("/etc/buildkit", cfg.path),
-		}}
+		})
 
-		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Volumes = []corev1.Volume{{
-			Name: "config",
+		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Volumes = append(d.Spec.Template.Spec.Volumes, corev1.Volume{
+			Name: cfg.name,
 			VolumeSource: corev1.VolumeSource{
 				ConfigMap: &corev1.ConfigMapVolumeSource{
 					LocalObjectReference: corev1.LocalObjectReference{
@@ -158,7 +162,7 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (d *appsv1.Deployment, c []*corev1.Config
 					},
 				},
 			},
-		}}
+		})
 		c = append(c, cc)
 	}
 
@@ -205,6 +209,14 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (d *appsv1.Deployment, c []*corev1.Config
 		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[corev1.ResourceMemory] = reqMemory
 	}
 
+	if opt.RequestsEphemeralStorage != "" {
+		reqEphemeralStorage, err := resource.ParseQuantity(opt.RequestsEphemeralStorage)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[corev1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = reqEphemeralStorage
+	}
+
 	if opt.LimitsCPU != "" {
 		limCPU, err := resource.ParseQuantity(opt.LimitsCPU)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -221,6 +233,14 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (d *appsv1.Deployment, c []*corev1.Config
 		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Limits[corev1.ResourceMemory] = limMemory
 	}
 
+	if opt.LimitsEphemeralStorage != "" {
+		limEphemeralStorage, err := resource.ParseQuantity(opt.LimitsEphemeralStorage)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Limits[corev1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = limEphemeralStorage
+	}
+
 	return
 }
 

driver/kubernetes/util/generate.go

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 package util
 
 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/storage/names"
 )
 
 func GenerateNodeName(builderName string, txn *store.Txn) (string, error) {
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ func GenerateNodeName(builderName string, txn *store.Txn) (string, error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", err
 		}
-		return names.SimpleNameGenerator.GenerateName(fmt.Sprintf("buildkit-%s-", u)), nil
+		return generateName(fmt.Sprintf("buildkit-%s-", u)), nil
 	}
 
 	ng, err := txn.NodeGroupByName(builderName)
@@ -45,3 +46,30 @@ func GenerateNodeName(builderName string, txn *store.Txn) (string, error) {
 
 	return "", errors.Errorf("failed to generate random node name")
 }
+
+const (
+	maxNameLength          = 63
+	randomLength           = 5
+	maxGeneratedNameLength = maxNameLength - randomLength
+)
+
+// generateName generates the name plus a random suffix of five alphanumerics
+// when a name is requested. The string is guaranteed to not exceed the length
+// of a standard Kubernetes name (63 characters).
+//
+// It's a simplified implementation of k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/storage/names:
+// https://github.com/kubernetes/apiserver/blob/v0.29.2/pkg/storage/names/generate.go#L34-L54
+func generateName(base string) string {
+	if len(base) > maxGeneratedNameLength {
+		base = base[:maxGeneratedNameLength]
+	}
+	return base + randomSuffix()
+}
+
+func randomSuffix() string {
+	b := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		panic(err) // This shouldn't happen
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(b)[:randomLength]
+}

driver/manager.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	dockerclient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/delegated"
 	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
@@ -156,11 +157,17 @@ type DriverHandle struct {
 
 func (d *DriverHandle) Client(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
 	d.once.Do(func() {
-		d.client, d.err = d.Driver.Client(ctx)
+		d.client, d.err = d.Driver.Client(ctx, d.getClientOptions()...)
 	})
 	return d.client, d.err
 }
 
+func (d *DriverHandle) getClientOptions() []client.ClientOpt {
+	return []client.ClientOpt{
+		client.WithTracerDelegate(delegated.DefaultExporter),
+	}
+}
+
 func (d *DriverHandle) HistoryAPISupported(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	d.historyAPISupportedOnce.Do(func() {
 		if c, err := d.Client(ctx); err == nil {