Merge pull request #2679 from tonistiigi/buildkit-v0.16.0-rc2

vendor: update buildkit to v0.16.0-rc2

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ updates:
       # trigger a new version: https://github.com/docker/buildx/pull/2222#issuecomment-1919092153
       - dependency-name: "docker/docs"
     labels:
-      - "dependencies"
+      - "area/dependencies"
       - "bot"

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+
+# Add 'area/project' label to changes in basic project documentation and .github folder, excluding .github/workflows
+area/project:
+- all:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 
+      - .github/**
+      - LICENSE
+      - AUTHORS
+      - MAINTAINERS
+      - PROJECT.md
+      - README.md
+      - .gitignore
+      - codecov.yml
+    - all-globs-to-all-files: '!.github/workflows/*'
+
+# Add 'area/github-actions' label to changes in the .github/workflows folder
+area/ci:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: '.github/workflows/**'
+
+# Add 'area/bake' label to changes in the bake
+area/bake:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'bake/**'
+
+# Add 'area/bake/compose' label to changes in the bake+compose
+area/bake/compose:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - bake/compose.go
+      - bake/compose_test.go
+
+# Add 'area/build' label to changes in build files
+area/build:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'build/**'
+
+# Add 'area/builder' label to changes in builder files
+area/builder:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'builder/**'
+
+# Add 'area/cli' label to changes in the CLI
+area/cli:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 
+      - cmd/**
+      - commands/**
+
+# Add 'area/controller' label to changes in the controller
+area/controller:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'controller/**'
+
+# Add 'area/docs' label to markdown files in the docs folder
+area/docs:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'docs/**/*.md'
+
+# Add 'area/dependencies' label to changes in go dependency files
+area/dependencies:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - go.mod
+      - go.sum
+      - vendor/**
+
+# Add 'area/driver' label to changes in the driver folder
+area/driver:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'driver/**'
+
+# Add 'area/driver/docker' label to changes in the docker driver
+area/driver/docker:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'driver/docker/**'
+
+# Add 'area/driver/docker-container' label to changes in the docker-container driver
+area/driver/docker-container:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'driver/docker-container/**'
+
+# Add 'area/driver/kubernetes' label to changes in the kubernetes driver
+area/driver/kubernetes:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'driver/kubernetes/**'
+
+# Add 'area/driver/remote' label to changes in the remote driver
+area/driver/remote:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'driver/remote/**'
+
+# Add 'area/hack' label to changes in the hack folder
+area/hack:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'hack/**'
+
+# Add 'area/tests' label to changes in test files
+area/tests:
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: 
+      - tests/**
+      - '**/*_test.go'

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -21,21 +21,23 @@ on:
 env:
   BUILDX_VERSION: "latest"
   BUILDKIT_IMAGE: "moby/buildkit:latest"
+  SCOUT_VERSION: "1.11.0"
   REPO_SLUG: "docker/buildx-bin"
   DESTDIR: "./bin"
   TEST_CACHE_SCOPE: "test"
   TESTFLAGS: "-v --parallel=6 --timeout=30m"
   GOTESTSUM_FORMAT: "standard-verbose"
-  GO_VERSION: "1.21"
+  GO_VERSION: "1.22"
   GOTESTSUM_VERSION: "v1.9.0"  # same as one in Dockerfile
 
 jobs:
   test-integration:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     env:
       TESTFLAGS_DOCKER: "-v --parallel=1 --timeout=30m"
       TEST_IMAGE_BUILD: "0"
       TEST_IMAGE_ID: "buildx-tests"
+      TEST_COVERAGE: "1"
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -43,9 +45,9 @@ jobs:
           - master
           - latest
           - buildx-stable-1
-          - v0.13.1
+          - v0.14.1
+          - v0.13.2
           - v0.12.5
-          - v0.11.6
         worker:
           - docker-container
           - remote
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ jobs:
           buildkitd-flags: --debug
       -
         name: Build test image
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v4
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
         with:
           targets: integration-test
           set: |
@@ -125,6 +127,7 @@ jobs:
           directory: ./bin/testreports
           flags: integration
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          disable_file_fixes: true
       -
         name: Generate annotations
         if: always()
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os:
-          - ubuntu-22.04
+          - ubuntu-24.04
           - macos-12
           - windows-2022
     env:
@@ -197,6 +200,7 @@ jobs:
           env_vars: RUNNER_OS
           flags: unit
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          disable_file_fixes: true
       -
         name: Generate annotations
         if: always()
@@ -211,8 +215,38 @@ jobs:
           name: test-reports-${{ env.TESTREPORTS_NAME }}
           path: ${{ env.TESTREPORTS_BASEDIR }}
 
+  govulncheck:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    permissions:
+      # required to write sarif report
+      security-events: write
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      -
+        name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        with:
+          version: ${{ env.BUILDX_VERSION }}
+          driver-opts: image=${{ env.BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
+          buildkitd-flags: --debug
+      -
+        name: Run
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
+        with:
+          targets: govulncheck
+        env:
+          GOVULNCHECK_FORMAT: sarif
+      -
+        name: Upload SARIF report
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && github.repository == 'docker/buildx' }}
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
+        with:
+          sarif_file: ${{ env.DESTDIR }}/govulncheck.out
+
   prepare-binaries:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     outputs:
       matrix: ${{ steps.platforms.outputs.matrix }}
     steps:
@@ -230,7 +264,7 @@ jobs:
           echo ${{ steps.platforms.outputs.matrix }}
 
   binaries:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - prepare-binaries
     strategy:
@@ -273,7 +307,7 @@ jobs:
           if-no-files-found: error
 
   bin-image:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - test-integration
       - test-unit
@@ -313,7 +347,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERPUBLICBOT_WRITE_PAT }}
       -
         name: Build and push image
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v4
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
         with:
           files: |
             ./docker-bake.hcl
@@ -325,8 +359,40 @@ jobs:
             *.cache-from=type=gha,scope=bin-image
             *.cache-to=type=gha,scope=bin-image,mode=max
 
+  scout:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && github.repository == 'docker/buildx' }}
+    permissions:
+      # required to write sarif report
+      security-events: write
+    needs:
+      - bin-image
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      -
+        name: Login to DockerHub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ vars.DOCKERPUBLICBOT_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERPUBLICBOT_WRITE_PAT }}
+      -
+        name: Scout
+        id: scout
+        uses: crazy-max/.github/.github/actions/docker-scout@ccae1c98f1237b5c19e4ef77ace44fa68b3bc7e4
+        with:
+          version: ${{ env.SCOUT_VERSION }}
+          format: sarif
+          image: registry://${{ env.REPO_SLUG }}:master
+      -
+        name: Upload SARIF report
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
+        with:
+          sarif_file: ${{ steps.scout.outputs.result-file }}
+
   release:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - test-integration
       - test-unit
@@ -356,7 +422,7 @@ jobs:
       -
         name: GitHub Release
         if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@9d7c94cfd0a1f3ed45544c887983e9fa900f0564  # v2.0.4
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@c062e08bd532815e2082a85e87e3ef29c3e6d191  # v2.0.8
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ permissions:
   security-events: write
 
 env:
-  GO_VERSION: "1.21"
+  GO_VERSION: "1.22"
 
 jobs:
   codeql:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       -
         name: Checkout

.github/workflows/docs-release.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   open-pr:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     if: ${{ (github.event.release.prerelease != true || github.event.inputs.tag != '') && github.repository == 'docker/buildx' }}
     steps:
       -
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
       -
         name: Generate yaml
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v4
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
         with:
           source: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}.git#${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}
           targets: update-docs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
           VENDOR_MODULE: github.com/docker/buildx@${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}
       -
         name: Create PR on docs repo
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@c55203cfde3e5c11a452d352b4393e68b85b4533  # v6.0.3
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@8867c4aba1b742c39f8d0ba35429c2dfa4b6cb20  # v7.0.1
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GHPAT_DOCS_DISPATCH }}
           push-to-fork: docker-tools-robot/docker.github.io

.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   docs-yaml:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       -
         name: Checkout
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
           version: latest
       -
         name: Build reference YAML docs
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v4
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
         with:
           targets: update-docs
           provenance: false

.github/workflows/e2e.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
           version: latest
       -
         name: Build
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v4
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
         with:
           targets: binaries
           set: |
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ jobs:
             endpoint: tcp://localhost:1234
           - driver: docker-container
             metadata-provenance: max
+          - driver: docker-container
+            metadata-warnings: true
         exclude:
           - driver: docker
             multi-node: mnode-true
@@ -134,6 +136,9 @@ jobs:
           if [ -n "${{ matrix.metadata-provenance }}" ]; then
             echo "BUILDX_METADATA_PROVENANCE=${{ matrix.metadata-provenance }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
+          if [ -n "${{ matrix.metadata-warnings }}" ]; then
+            echo "BUILDX_METADATA_WARNINGS=${{ matrix.metadata-warnings }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
       -
         name: Install k3s
         if: matrix.driver == 'kubernetes'

.github/workflows/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: labeler
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+
+jobs:
+  labeler:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Run
+        uses: actions/labeler@v5
+        with:
+          sync-labels: true

.github/workflows/validate.yml

@@ -17,16 +17,63 @@ on:
       - '.github/releases.json'
 
 jobs:
+  prepare:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      includes: ${{ steps.matrix.outputs.includes }}
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      -
+        name: Matrix
+        id: matrix
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        with:
+          script: |
+            let def = {};
+            await core.group(`Parsing definition`, async () => {
+              const printEnv = Object.assign({}, process.env, {
+                GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM: process.env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY === 'docker/buildx' ? '1' : ''
+              });
+              const resPrint = await exec.getExecOutput('docker', ['buildx', 'bake', 'validate', '--print'], {
+                ignoreReturnCode: true,
+                env: printEnv
+              });
+              if (resPrint.stderr.length > 0 && resPrint.exitCode != 0) {
+                throw new Error(res.stderr);
+              }
+              def = JSON.parse(resPrint.stdout.trim());
+            });
+            await core.group(`Generating matrix`, async () => {
+              const includes = [];
+              for (const targetName of Object.keys(def.target)) {
+                const target = def.target[targetName];
+                if (target.platforms && target.platforms.length > 0) {
+                  target.platforms.forEach(platform => {
+                    includes.push({
+                      target: targetName,
+                      platform: platform
+                    });
+                  });
+                } else {
+                  includes.push({
+                    target: targetName
+                  });
+                }
+              }
+              core.info(JSON.stringify(includes, null, 2));
+              core.setOutput('includes', JSON.stringify(includes));
+            });
+
   validate:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - prepare
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        target:
-          - lint
-          - validate-vendor
-          - validate-docs
-          - validate-generated-files
+        include: ${{ fromJson(needs.prepare.outputs.includes) }}
     steps:
       -
         name: Prepare
@@ -43,6 +90,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           version: latest
       -
-        name: Run
-        run: |
-          make ${{ matrix.target }}
+        name: Validate
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
+        with:
+          targets: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          set: |
+            *.platform=${{ matrix.platform }}

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 run:
   timeout: 30m
-  skip-files:
-    - ".*\\.pb\\.go$"
 
   modules-download-mode: vendor
 
-  build-tags:
-
 linters:
   enable:
     - gofmt
@@ -25,17 +21,30 @@ linters:
   disable-all: true
 
 linters-settings:
+  govet:
+    enable:
+      - nilness
+      - unusedwrite
+  # enable-all: true
+  # disable:
+  #   - fieldalignment
+  #   - shadow
   depguard:
     rules:
       main:
         deny:
-          # The io/ioutil package has been deprecated.
-          # https://go.dev/doc/go1.16#ioutil
+          - pkg: "github.com/containerd/containerd/errdefs"
+            desc: The containerd errdefs package was migrated to a separate module. Use github.com/containerd/errdefs instead.
+          - pkg: "github.com/containerd/containerd/log"
+            desc: The containerd log package was migrated to a separate module. Use github.com/containerd/log instead.
+          - pkg: "github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+            desc: The containerd platforms package was migrated to a separate module. Use github.com/containerd/platforms instead.
           - pkg: "io/ioutil"
             desc: The io/ioutil package has been deprecated.
   forbidigo:
     forbid:
       - '^fmt\.Errorf(# use errors\.Errorf instead)?$'
+      - '^platforms\.DefaultString(# use platforms\.Format(platforms\.DefaultSpec()) instead\.)?$'
   gosec:
     excludes:
       - G204  # Audit use of command execution
@@ -44,6 +53,8 @@ linters-settings:
       G306: "0644"
 
 issues:
+  exclude-files:
+    - ".*\\.pb\\.go$"
   exclude-rules:
     - linters:
         - revive
@@ -64,6 +75,6 @@ issues:
         - revive
       text: "if-return"
 
-# show all
-max-issues-per-linter: 0
-max-same-issues: 0
+  # show all
+  max-issues-per-linter: 0
+  max-same-issues: 0

.mailmap

@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
 # This file lists all individuals having contributed content to the repository.
 # For how it is generated, see hack/dockerfiles/authors.Dockerfile.
 
+Batuhan Apaydın <batuhan.apaydin@trendyol.com>
+Batuhan Apaydın <batuhan.apaydin@trendyol.com> <developerguy2@gmail.com>
 CrazyMax <github@crazymax.dev>
 CrazyMax <github@crazymax.dev> <1951866+crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com>
 CrazyMax <github@crazymax.dev> <crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com>
+David Karlsson <david.karlsson@docker.com>
+David Karlsson <david.karlsson@docker.com> <35727626+dvdksn@users.noreply.github.com>
+jaihwan104 <jaihwan104@woowahan.com>
+jaihwan104 <jaihwan104@woowahan.com> <42341126+jaihwan104@users.noreply.github.com>
+Kenyon Ralph <kenyon@kenyonralph.com>
+Kenyon Ralph <kenyon@kenyonralph.com> <quic_kralph@quicinc.com>
 Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>
 Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl> <thaJeztah@users.noreply.github.com>
+Shaun Thompson <shaun.thompson@docker.com>
+Shaun Thompson <shaun.thompson@docker.com> <shaun.b.thompson@gmail.com>
+Silvin Lubecki <silvin.lubecki@docker.com>
+Silvin Lubecki <silvin.lubecki@docker.com> <31478878+silvin-lubecki@users.noreply.github.com>
+Talon Bowler <talon.bowler@docker.com>
+Talon Bowler <talon.bowler@docker.com> <nolat301@gmail.com>
 Tibor Vass <tibor@docker.com>
 Tibor Vass <tibor@docker.com> <tiborvass@users.noreply.github.com>
 Tõnis Tiigi <tonistiigi@gmail.com>

AUTHORS

@@ -1,45 +1,112 @@
 # This file lists all individuals having contributed content to the repository.
 # For how it is generated, see hack/dockerfiles/authors.Dockerfile.
 
+accetto <34798830+accetto@users.noreply.github.com>
 Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
+Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 Alex Couture-Beil <alex@earthly.dev>
 Andrew Haines <andrew.haines@zencargo.com>
+Andy Caldwell <andrew.caldwell@metaswitch.com>
 Andy MacKinlay <admackin@users.noreply.github.com>
 Anthony Poschen <zanven42@gmail.com>
+Arnold Sobanski <arnold@l4g.dev>
 Artur Klauser <Artur.Klauser@computer.org>
-Batuhan Apaydın <developerguy2@gmail.com>
+Avi Deitcher <avi@deitcher.net>
+Batuhan Apaydın <batuhan.apaydin@trendyol.com>
+Ben Peachey <potherca@gmail.com>
+Bertrand Paquet <bertrand.paquet@gmail.com>
 Bin Du <bindu@microsoft.com>
 Brandon Philips <brandon@ifup.org>
 Brian Goff <cpuguy83@gmail.com>
+Bryce Lampe <bryce@pulumi.com>
+Cameron Adams <pnzreba@gmail.com>
+Christian Dupuis <cd@atomist.com>
+Cory Snider <csnider@mirantis.com>
 CrazyMax <github@crazymax.dev>
+David Gageot <david.gageot@docker.com>
+David Karlsson <david.karlsson@docker.com>
+David Scott <dave@recoil.org>
 dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
 Devin Bayer <dev@doubly.so>
 Djordje Lukic <djordje.lukic@docker.com>
+Dmitry Makovey <dmakovey@gitlab.com>
 Dmytro Makovey <dmytro.makovey@docker.com>
 Donghui Wang <977675308@qq.com>
+Doug Borg <dougborg@apple.com>
+Edgar Lee <edgarl@netflix.com>
+Eli Treuherz <et@arenko.group>
+Eliott Wiener <eliottwiener@gmail.com>
+Elran Shefer <elran.shefer@velocity.tech>
 faust <faustin@fala.red>
 Felipe Santos <felipecassiors@gmail.com>
+Felix de Souza <fdesouza@palantir.com>
 Fernando Miguel <github@FernandoMiguel.net>
 gfrancesco <gfrancesco@users.noreply.github.com>
 gracenoah <gracenoahgh@gmail.com>
+Guillaume Lours <705411+glours@users.noreply.github.com>
+guoguangwu <guoguangwu@magic-shield.com>
 Hollow Man <hollowman@hollowman.ml>
+Ian King'ori <kingorim.ian@gmail.com>
+idnandre <andre@idntimes.com>
 Ilya Dmitrichenko <errordeveloper@gmail.com>
+Isaac Gaskin <isaac.gaskin@circle.com>
 Jack Laxson <jackjrabbit@gmail.com>
+jaihwan104 <jaihwan104@woowahan.com>
 Jean-Yves Gastaud <jygastaud@gmail.com>
+Jhan S. Álvarez <51450231+yastanotheruser@users.noreply.github.com>
+Jonathan A. Sternberg <jonathan.sternberg@docker.com>
+Jonathan Piché <jpiche@coveo.com>
+Justin Chadwell <me@jedevc.com>
+Kenyon Ralph <kenyon@kenyonralph.com>
 khs1994 <khs1994@khs1994.com>
+Kijima Daigo <norimaking777@gmail.com>
+Kohei Tokunaga <ktokunaga.mail@gmail.com>
 Kotaro Adachi <k33asby@gmail.com>
+Kushagra Mansingh <12158241+kushmansingh@users.noreply.github.com>
 l00397676 <lujingxiao@huawei.com>
+Laura Brehm <laurabrehm@hey.com>
+Laurent Goderre <laurent.goderre@docker.com>
+Mark Hildreth <113933455+markhildreth-gravity@users.noreply.github.com>
+Mayeul Blanzat <mayeul.blanzat@datadoghq.com>
 Michal Augustyn <michal.augustyn@mail.com>
+Milas Bowman <milas.bowman@docker.com>
+Mitsuru Kariya <mitsuru.kariya@nttdata.com>
+Moleus <fafufuburr@gmail.com>
+Nick Santos <nick.santos@docker.com>
+Nick Sieger <nick@nicksieger.com>
+Nicolas De Loof <nicolas.deloof@gmail.com>
+Niklas Gehlen <niklas@namespacelabs.com>
 Patrick Van Stee <patrick@vanstee.me>
+Paweł Gronowski <pawel.gronowski@docker.com>
+Phong Tran <tran.pho@northeastern.edu>
+Qasim Sarfraz <qasimsarfraz@microsoft.com>
+Rob Murray <rob.murray@docker.com>
+robertlestak <robert.lestak@umusic.com>
 Saul Shanabrook <s.shanabrook@gmail.com>
+Sean P. Kane <spkane00@gmail.com>
 Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>
+Shaun Thompson <shaun.thompson@docker.com>
 SHIMA Tatsuya <ts1s1andn@gmail.com>
 Silvin Lubecki <silvin.lubecki@docker.com>
+Simon A. Eugster <simon.eu@gmail.com>
 Solomon Hykes <sh.github.6811@hykes.org>
+Sumner Warren <sumner.warren@gmail.com>
 Sune Keller <absukl@almbrand.dk>
+Talon Bowler <talon.bowler@docker.com>
+Tianon Gravi <admwiggin@gmail.com>
 Tibor Vass <tibor@docker.com>
+Tim Smith <tismith@rvohealth.com>
+Timofey Kirillov <timofey.kirillov@flant.com>
+Tyler Smith <tylerlwsmith@gmail.com>
 Tõnis Tiigi <tonistiigi@gmail.com>
 Ulysses Souza <ulyssessouza@gmail.com>
+Usual Coder <34403413+Usual-Coder@users.noreply.github.com>
 Wang Jinglei <morlay.null@gmail.com>
+Wei <daviseago@gmail.com>
+Wojciech M <wmiedzybrodzki@outlook.com>
 Xiang Dai <764524258@qq.com>
+Zachary Povey <zachary.povey@autotrader.co.uk>
 zelahi <elahi.zuhayr@gmail.com>
+Zero <tobewhatwewant@gmail.com>
+zhyon404 <zhyong4@gmail.com>
+Zsolt <zsolt.szeberenyi@figured.com>

Dockerfile

@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
 
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.21
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.22
 ARG XX_VERSION=1.4.0
 
 # for testing
-ARG DOCKER_VERSION=26.0.0
+ARG DOCKER_VERSION=27.1.1
+ARG DOCKER_CLI_VERSION=${DOCKER_VERSION}
 ARG GOTESTSUM_VERSION=v1.9.0
 ARG REGISTRY_VERSION=2.8.0
-ARG BUILDKIT_VERSION=v0.13.1
+ARG BUILDKIT_VERSION=v0.14.1
 ARG UNDOCK_VERSION=0.7.0
 
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM tonistiigi/xx:${XX_VERSION} AS xx
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine AS golatest
 FROM moby/moby-bin:$DOCKER_VERSION AS docker-engine
-FROM dockereng/cli-bin:$DOCKER_VERSION AS docker-cli
+FROM dockereng/cli-bin:$DOCKER_CLI_VERSION AS docker-cli
 FROM registry:$REGISTRY_VERSION AS registry
 FROM moby/buildkit:$BUILDKIT_VERSION AS buildkit
 FROM crazymax/undock:$UNDOCK_VERSION AS undock
@@ -27,10 +28,36 @@ WORKDIR /src
 
 FROM gobase AS gotestsum
 ARG GOTESTSUM_VERSION
-ENV GOFLAGS=
-RUN --mount=target=/root/.cache,type=cache \
-  GOBIN=/out/ go install "gotest.tools/gotestsum@${GOTESTSUM_VERSION}" && \
-  /out/gotestsum --version
+ENV GOFLAGS=""
+RUN --mount=target=/root/.cache,type=cache <<EOT
+  set -ex
+  go install "gotest.tools/gotestsum@${GOTESTSUM_VERSION}"
+  go install "github.com/wadey/gocovmerge@latest"
+  mkdir /out
+  /go/bin/gotestsum --version
+  mv /go/bin/gotestsum /out
+  mv /go/bin/gocovmerge /out
+EOT
+COPY --chmod=755 <<"EOF" /out/gotestsumandcover
+#!/bin/sh
+set -x
+if [ -z "$GO_TEST_COVERPROFILE" ]; then
+  exec gotestsum "$@"
+fi
+coverdir="$(dirname "$GO_TEST_COVERPROFILE")"
+mkdir -p "$coverdir/helpers"
+gotestsum "$@" "-coverprofile=$GO_TEST_COVERPROFILE"
+ecode=$?
+go tool covdata textfmt -i=$coverdir/helpers -o=$coverdir/helpers-report.txt
+gocovmerge "$coverdir/helpers-report.txt" "$GO_TEST_COVERPROFILE" > "$coverdir/merged-report.txt"
+mv "$coverdir/merged-report.txt" "$GO_TEST_COVERPROFILE"
+rm "$coverdir/helpers-report.txt"
+for f in "$coverdir/helpers"/*; do
+  rm "$f"
+done
+rmdir "$coverdir/helpers"
+exit $ecode
+EOF
 
 FROM gobase AS buildx-version
 RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. <<EOT
@@ -42,6 +69,7 @@ EOT
 
 FROM gobase AS buildx-build
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+ARG GO_EXTRA_FLAGS
 RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. \
   --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache \
   --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
@@ -88,7 +116,7 @@ RUN apk add --no-cache \
       shadow-uidmap \
       xfsprogs \
       xz
-COPY --link --from=gotestsum /out/gotestsum /usr/bin/
+COPY --link --from=gotestsum /out /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=registry /bin/registry /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=docker-engine / /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=docker-cli / /usr/bin/

MAINTAINERS

@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ made through a pull request.
 			"akihirosuda",
 			"crazy-max",
 			"jedevc",
+			"jsternberg",
 			"tiborvass",
 			"tonistiigi",
 		]
@@ -194,6 +195,11 @@ made through a pull request.
 	Email = "me@jedevc.com"
 	GitHub = "jedevc"
 
+	[people.jsternberg]
+	Name = "Jonathan Sternberg"
+	Email = "jonathan.sternberg@docker.com"
+	GitHub = "jsternberg"
+
 	[people.thajeztah]
 	Name = "Sebastiaan van Stijn"
 	Email = "github@gone.nl"

Makefile

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ endif
 
 export BUILDX_CMD ?= docker buildx
 
+BAKE_TARGETS := binaries binaries-cross lint lint-gopls validate-vendor validate-docs validate-authors validate-generated-files
+
 .PHONY: all
 all: binaries
 
@@ -19,13 +21,9 @@ build:
 shell:
 	./hack/shell
 
-.PHONY: binaries
-binaries:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake binaries
-
-.PHONY: binaries-cross
-binaries-cross:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake binaries-cross
+.PHONY: $(BAKE_TARGETS)
+$(BAKE_TARGETS):
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake $@
 
 .PHONY: install
 install: binaries
@@ -39,10 +37,6 @@ release:
 .PHONY: validate-all
 validate-all: lint test validate-vendor validate-docs validate-generated-files
 
-.PHONY: lint
-lint:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake lint
-
 .PHONY: test
 test:
 	./hack/test
@@ -55,22 +49,6 @@ test-unit:
 test-integration:
 	TESTPKGS=./tests ./hack/test
 
-.PHONY: validate-vendor
-validate-vendor:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-vendor
-
-.PHONY: validate-docs
-validate-docs:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-docs
-
-.PHONY: validate-authors
-validate-authors:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-authors
-
-.PHONY: validate-generated-files
-validate-generated-files:
-	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-generated-files
-
 .PHONY: test-driver
 test-driver:
 	./hack/test-driver

PROJECT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+# Project processing guide <!-- omit from toc -->
+
+- [Project scope](#project-scope)
+- [Labels](#labels)
+  - [Global](#global)
+  - [`area/`](#area)
+  - [`exp/`](#exp)
+  - [`impact/`](#impact)
+  - [`kind/`](#kind)
+  - [`needs/`](#needs)
+  - [`priority/`](#priority)
+  - [`status/`](#status)
+- [Types of releases](#types-of-releases)
+  - [Feature releases](#feature-releases)
+    - [Release Candidates](#release-candidates)
+    - [Support Policy](#support-policy)
+    - [Contributing to Releases](#contributing-to-releases)
+  - [Patch releases](#patch-releases)
+- [Milestones](#milestones)
+- [Triage process](#triage-process)
+  - [Verify essential information](#verify-essential-information)
+  - [Classify the issue](#classify-the-issue)
+- [Prioritization guidelines for `kind/bug`](#prioritization-guidelines-for-kindbug)
+- [Issue lifecyle](#issue-lifecyle)
+  - [Examples](#examples)
+    - [Submitting a bug](#submitting-a-bug)
+- [Pull request review process](#pull-request-review-process)
+- [Handling stalled issues and pull requests](#handling-stalled-issues-and-pull-requests)
+- [Moving to a discussion](#moving-to-a-discussion)
+- [Workflow automation](#workflow-automation)
+  - [Exempting an issue/PR from stale bot processing](#exempting-an-issuepr-from-stale-bot-processing)
+- [Updating dependencies](#updating-dependencies)
+
+---
+
+## Project scope
+
+**Docker Buildx** is a Docker CLI plugin designed to extend build capabilities using BuildKit. It provides advanced features for building container images, supporting multiple builder instances, multi-node builds, and high-level build constructs. Buildx enhances the Docker build process, making it more efficient and flexible, and is compatible with both Docker and Kubernetes environments. Key features include:
+
+- **Familiar user experience:** Buildx offers a user experience similar to legacy docker build, ensuring a smooth transition from legacy commands
+- **Full BuildKit capabilities:** Leverage the full feature set of [`moby/buildkit`](https://github.com/moby/buildkit) when using the container driver
+- **Multiple builder instances:** Supports the use of multiple builder instances, allowing concurrent builds and effective management and monitoring of these builders.
+- **Multi-node builds:** Use multiple nodes to build cross-platform images
+- **Compose integration:** Build complex, multi-services files as defined in compose
+- **High-level build constructs via `bake`:** Introduces high-level build constructs for more complex build workflows
+- **In-container driver support:** Support in-container drivers for both Docker and Kubernetes environments to support isolation/security.
+
+## Labels
+
+Below are common groups, labels, and their intended usage to support issues, pull requests, and discussion processing.
+
+### Global
+
+General attributes that can apply to nearly any issue or pull request.
+
+| Label               | Applies to  | Description                                                               |
+| ------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `bot`               | Issues, PRs | Created by a bot                                                          |
+| `good first issue ` | Issues      | Suitable for first-time contributors                                      |
+| `help wanted`       | Issues, PRs | Assistance requested                                                      |
+| `lgtm`              | PRs         | “Looks good to me” approval                                               |
+| `stale`             | Issues, PRs | The issue/PR has not had activity for a while                             |
+| `rotten`            | Issues, PRs | The issue/PR has not had activity since being marked stale and was closed |
+| `frozen`            | Issues, PRs | The issue/PR should be skipped by the stale-bot                           |
+| `dco/no`            | PRs         | The PR is missing a developer certificate of origin sign-off              |
+
+### `area/`
+
+Area or component of the project affected. Please note that the table below may not be inclusive of all current options.
+
+| Label                          | Applies to | Description                |
+| ------------------------------ | ---------- | -------------------------- |
+| `area/bake`                    | Any        | `bake`                     |
+| `area/bake/compose`            | Any        | `bake/compose`             |
+| `area/build`                   | Any        | `build`                    |
+| `area/builder`                 | Any        | `builder`                  |
+| `area/buildkit`                | Any        | Relates to `moby/buildkit` |
+| `area/cache`                   | Any        | `cache`                    |
+| `area/checks`                  | Any        | `checks`                   |
+| `area/ci`                      | Any        | Project CI                 |
+| `area/cli`                     | Any        | `cli`                      |
+| `area/controller`              | Any        | `controller`               |
+| `area/debug`                   | Any        | `debug`                    |
+| `area/dependencies`            | Any        | Project dependencies       |
+| `area/dockerfile`              | Any        | `dockerfile`               |
+| `area/docs`                    | Any        | `docs`                     |
+| `area/driver`                  | Any        | `driver`                   |
+| `area/driver/docker`           | Any        | `driver/docker`            |
+| `area/driver/docker-container` | Any        | `driver/docker-container`  |
+| `area/driver/kubernetes`       | Any        | `driver/kubernetes`        |
+| `area/driver/remote`           | Any        | `driver/remote`            |
+| `area/feature-parity`          | Any        | `feature-parity`           |
+| `area/github-actions`          | Any        | `github-actions`           |
+| `area/hack`                    | Any        | Project hack/support       |
+| `area/imagetools`              | Any        | `imagetools`               |
+| `area/metrics`                 | Any        | `metrics`                  |
+| `area/moby`                    | Any        | Relates to `moby/moby`     |
+| `area/project`                 | Any        | Project support            |
+| `area/qemu`                    | Any        | `qemu`                     |
+| `area/tests`                   | Any        | Project testing            |
+| `area/windows`                 | Any        | `windows`                  |
+
+### `exp/`
+
+Estimated experience level to complete the item
+
+| Label              | Applies to | Description                                                                     |
+| ------------------ | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `exp/beginner`     | Issue      | Suitable for contributors new to the project or technology stack                |
+| `exp/intermediate` | Issue      | Requires some familiarity with the project and technology                       |
+| `exp/expert`       | Issue      | Requires deep understanding and advanced skills with the project and technology |
+
+### `impact/`
+
+Potential impact areas of the issue or pull request.
+
+| Label                | Applies to | Description                                        |
+| -------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
+| `impact/breaking`    | PR         | Change is API-breaking                             |
+| `impact/changelog`   | PR         | When complete, the item should be in the changelog |
+| `impact/deprecation` | PR         | Change is a deprecation of a feature               |
+
+
+### `kind/`
+
+The type of issue, pull request or discussion
+
+| Label              | Applies to        | Description                                             |
+| ------------------ | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `kind/bug`         | Issue, PR         | Confirmed bug                                           |
+| `kind/chore`       | Issue, PR         | Project support tasks                                   |
+| `kind/docs`        | Issue, PR         | Additions or modifications to the documentation         |
+| `kind/duplicate`   | Any               | Duplicate of another item                               |
+| `kind/enhancement` | Any               | Enhancement of an existing feature                      |
+| `kind/feature`     | Any               | A brand new feature                                     |
+| `kind/maybe-bug`   | Issue, PR         | Unconfirmed bug, turns into kind/bug when confirmed     |
+| `kind/proposal`    | Issue, Discussion | A proposed major change                                 |
+| `kind/refactor`    | Issue, PR         | Refactor of existing code                               |
+| `kind/support`     | Any               | A question, discussion, or other user support item      |
+| `kind/tests`       | Issue, PR         | Additions or modifications to the project testing suite |
+
+### `needs/`
+
+Actions or missing requirements needed by the issue or pull request.
+
+| Label                       | Applies to | Description                                           |
+| --------------------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| `needs/assignee`            | Issue, PR  | Needs an assignee                                     |
+| `needs/code-review`         | PR         | Needs review of code                                  |
+| `needs/design-review`       | Issue, PR  | Needs review of design                                |
+| `needs/docs-review`         | Issue, PR  | Needs review by the documentation team                |
+| `needs/docs-update`         | Issue, PR  | Needs an update to the docs                           |
+| `needs/follow-on-work`      | Issue, PR  | Needs follow-on work/PR                               |
+| `needs/issue`               | PR         | Needs an issue                                        |
+| `needs/maintainer-decision` | Issue, PR  | Needs maintainer discussion/decision before advancing |
+| `needs/milestone`           | Issue, PR  | Needs milestone assignment                            |
+| `needs/more-info`           | Any        | Needs more information from the author                |
+| `needs/more-investigation`  | Issue, PR  | Needs further investigation                           |
+| `needs/priority`            | Issue, PR  | Needs priority assignment                             |
+| `needs/pull-request`        | Issue      | Needs a pull request                                  |
+| `needs/rebase`              | PR         | Needs rebase to target branch                         |
+| `needs/reproduction`        | Issue, PR  | Needs reproduction steps                              |
+
+### `priority/`
+
+Level of urgency of a `kind/bug` issue or pull request.
+
+| Label         | Applies to | Description                                                             |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `priority/P0` | Issue, PR  | Urgent: Security, critical bugs, blocking issues.                       |
+| `priority/P1` | Issue, PR  | Important: This is a top priority and a must-have for the next release. |
+| `priority/P2` | Issue, PR  | Normal: Default priority                                                |
+
+### `status/`
+
+Current lifecycle state of the issue or pull request.
+
+| Label                 | Applies to | Description                                                            |
+| --------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `status/accepted`     | Issue, PR  | The issue has been reviewed and accepted for implementation            |
+| `status/active`       | PR         | The PR is actively being worked on by a maintainer or community member |
+| `status/blocked`      | Issue, PR  | The issue/PR is blocked from advancing to another status               |
+| `status/do-not-merge` | PR         | Should not be merged pending further review or changes                 |
+| `status/transfer`     | Any        | Transferred to another project                                         |
+| `status/triage`       | Any        | The item needs to be sorted by maintainers                             |
+| `status/wontfix`      | Issue, PR  | The issue/PR will not be fixed or addressed as described               |
+
+## Types of releases
+
+This project has feature releases, patch releases, and security releases.
+
+### Feature releases
+
+Feature releases are made from the development branch, followed by cutting a release branch for future patch releases, which may also occur during the code freeze period.
+
+#### Release Candidates
+
+Users can expect 2-3 release candidate (RC) test releases prior to a feature release. The first RC is typically released about one to two weeks before the final release.
+
+#### Support Policy
+
+Once a new feature release is cut, support for the previous feature release is discontinued. An exception may be made for urgent security releases that occur shortly after a new feature release. Buildx does not offer LTS (Long-Term Support) releases.
+
+#### Contributing to Releases
+
+Anyone can request that an issue or PR be included in the next feature or patch release milestone, provided it meets the necessary requirements.
+
+### Patch releases
+
+Patch releases should only include the most critical patches. Stability is vital, so everyone should always use the latest patch release.
+
+If a fix is needed but does not qualify for a patch release because of its code size or other criteria that make it too unpredictable, we will prioritize cutting a new feature release sooner rather than making an exception for backporting.
+
+Following PRs are included in patch releases
+
+- `priority/P0` fixes
+- `priority/P1` fixes, assuming maintainers don’t object because of the patch size
+- `priority/P2` fixes, only if (both required)
+    - proposed by maintainer
+    - the patch is trivial and self-contained
+- Documentation-only patches
+- Vendored dependency updates, only if:
+    - Fixing (qualifying) bug or security issue in Buildx
+    - The patch is small, else a forked version of the dependency with only the patches required
+
+New features do not qualify for patch release.
+
+## Milestones
+
+Milestones are used to help identify what releases a contribution will be in. 
+
+- The `v0.next` milestone collects unblocked items planned for the next 2-3 feature releases but not yet assigned to a specific version milestone.
+- The `v0.backlog` milestone gathers all triaged items considered for the long-term (beyond the next 3 feature releases) or currently unfit for a future release due to certain conditions. These items may be blocked and need to be unblocked before progressing.
+
+## Triage process
+
+Triage provides an important way to contribute to an open-source project. When submitted without an issue this process applies to Pull Requests as well. Triage helps ensure work items are resolved quickly by:
+
+- Ensuring the issue's intent and purpose are described precisely. This is necessary because it can be difficult for an issue to explain how an end user experiences a problem and what actions they took to arrive at the problem.
+- Giving a contributor the information they need before they commit to resolving an issue.
+- Lowering the issue count by preventing duplicate issues.
+- Streamlining the development process by preventing duplicate discussions.
+
+If you don't have time to code, consider helping with triage. The community will thank you for saving them time by spending some of yours. The same basic process should be applied upon receipt of a new issue.
+
+1. Verify essential information
+2. Classify the issue
+3. Prioritizing the issue
+
+### Verify essential information
+
+Before advancing the triage process, ensure the issue contains all necessary information to be properly understood and assessed. The required information may vary by issue type, but typically includes the system environment, version numbers, reproduction steps, expected outcomes, and actual results.
+
+- **Exercising Judgment**: Use your best judgment to assess the issue description’s completeness.
+- **Communicating Needs**: If the information provided is insufficient, kindly request additional details from the author. Explain that this information is crucial for clarity and resolution of the issue, and apply the `needs/more-information` label to indicate a response from the author is required.
+
+### Classify the issue
+
+An issue will typically have multiple labels. These are used to help communicate key information about context, requirements, and status. At a minimum, a properly classified issue should have:
+
+- (Required) One or more [`area/*`](#area) labels
+- (Required) One [`kind/*`](#kind) label  to indicate the type of issue
+- (Required if `kind/bug`) A [`priority/*`](#priority) label
+
+When assigning a decision the following labels should be present:
+
+- (Required) One [`status/*`](#status) label  to indicate lifecycle status
+
+Additional labels can provide more clarity:
+
+- Zero or more [`needs/*`](#needs) labels to indicate missing items
+- Zero or more [`impact/*`](#impact) labels
+- One [`exp/*`](#exp) label
+
+## Prioritization guidelines for `kind/bug`
+
+When an issue or pull request of `kind/bug` is correctly categorized and attached to a milestone, the labels indicate the urgency with which it should be completed. 
+
+**priority/P0**
+
+Fixing this item is the highest priority. A patch release will follow as soon as a patch is available and verified. This level is used exclusively for bugs.
+
+Examples:
+
+- Regression in a critical code path
+- Panic in a critical code path
+- Corruption in critical code path or rest of the system
+- Leaked zero-day critical security
+
+**priority/P1**
+
+Items with this label should be fixed with high priority and almost always included in a patch release. Unless waiting for another issue, patch releases should happen within a week. This level is not used for features or enhancements.
+
+Examples:
+
+- Any regression, panic
+- Measurable performance regression
+- A major bug in a new feature in the latest release
+- Incompatibility with upgraded external dependency
+
+**priority/P2**
+
+This is the default priority and is implied in the absence of a `priority/` label. Bugs with this priority should be included in the next feature release but may land in a patch release if they are ready and unlikely to impact other functionality adversely. Non-bug issues with this priority should also be included in the next feature release if they are available and ready.
+
+Examples:
+
+- Confirmed bugs
+- Bugs in non-default configurations
+- Most enhancements
+
+## Issue lifecyle
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+  create([New issue]) --> triage
+  subgraph triage[Triage Loop]
+    review[Review]
+  end
+  subgraph decision[Decision]
+    accept[Accept]
+    close[Close]
+  end
+  triage -- if accepted --> accept[Assign status, milestone]
+  triage -- if rejected --> close[Assign status, close issue]
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Submitting a bug
+
+To help illustrate the issue life cycle let’s walk through submitting an issue as a potential bug in CI that enters a feedback loop and is eventually accepted as P2 priority and placed on the backlog.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+
+	new([New issue])
+	
+	subgraph triage[Triage]
+	direction LR
+	
+  create["Action: Submit issue via Bug form\nLabels: kind/maybe-bug, status/triage"]
+  style create text-align:left
+
+		subgraph review[Review]
+		direction TB
+	  classify["Action: Maintainer reviews issue, requests more info\nLabels: kind/maybe-bug, status/triage, needs/more-info, area/*"]
+	  style classify text-align:left
+	  
+	  update["Action: Author updates issue\nLabels: kind/maybe-bug, status/triage, needs/more-info, area/*"]
+	  style update text-align:left
+	
+	  classify --> update
+	  update --> classify
+	  end
+  
+  create --> review
+  end
+
+	subgraph decision[Decision]
+	accept["Action: Maintainer reviews updates, accepts, assigns milestone\nLabels: kind/bug, priority/P2, status/accepted, area/*, impact/*"]
+  style accept text-align: left
+  end
+  
+  new --> triage
+  triage --> decision
+```
+
+## Pull request review process
+
+A thorough and timely review process for pull requests (PRs) is crucial for maintaining the integrity and quality of the project while fostering a collaborative environment.
+
+- **Labeling**: Most labels should be inherited from a linked issue. If no issue is linked an extended review process may be required.
+- **Continuous Integration**: With few exceptions, it is crucial that all Continuous Integration (CI) workflows pass successfully.
+- **Draft Status**: Incomplete or long-running PRs should be placed in "Draft" status. They may revert to "Draft" status upon initial review if significant rework is required.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+  triage([Triage])
+  draft[Draft PR]
+  review[PR Review]
+  closed{{Close PR}}
+  merge{{Merge PR}}
+
+  subgraph feedback1[Feedback Loop]
+    draft
+  end
+  subgraph feedback2[Feedback Loop]
+     review
+  end
+
+  triage --> draft
+  draft --> review
+  review --> closed
+  review --> draft
+  review --> merge
+```
+
+## Handling stalled issues and pull requests
+
+Unfortunately, some issues or pull requests can remain inactive for extended periods. To mitigate this, automation is employed to prompt both the author and maintainers, ensuring that all contributions receive appropriate attention.
+
+**For Authors:**
+
+- **Closure of Inactive Items**: If your issue or PR becomes irrelevant or is no longer needed, please close it to help keep the project clean.
+- **Prompt Responses**: If additional information is requested, please respond promptly to facilitate progress.
+
+**For Maintainers:**
+
+- **Timely Responses**: Endeavor to address issues and PRs within a reasonable timeframe to keep the community actively engaged.
+- **Engagement with Stale Issues**: If an issue becomes stale due to maintainer inaction, re-engage with the author to reassess and revitalize the discussion.
+
+**Stale and Rotten Policy:**
+
+- An issue or PR will be labeled as **`stale`** after 14 calendar days of inactivity. If it remains inactive for another 30 days, it will be labeled as **`rotten`** and closed.
+- Authors whose issues or PRs have been closed are welcome to re-open them or create new ones and link to the original.
+
+**Skipping Stale Processing:**
+
+- To prevent an issue or PR from being marked as stale, label it as **`frozen`**.
+
+**Exceptions to Stale Processing:**
+
+- Issues or PRs marked as **`frozen`**.
+- Issues or PRs assigned to a milestone.
+
+## Moving to a discussion
+
+Sometimes, an issue or pull request may not be the appropriate medium for what is essentially a discussion. In such cases, the issue or PR will either be converted to a discussion or a new discussion will be created. The original item will then be labeled appropriately (**`kind/discussion`** or **`kind/question`**) and closed.
+
+If you believe this conversion was made in error, please express your concerns in the new discussion thread. If necessary, a reversal to the original issue or PR format can be facilitated.
+
+## Workflow automation
+
+To help expedite common operations, avoid errors and reduce toil some workflow automation is used by the project. This can include:
+
+- Stale issue or pull request processing
+- Auto-labeling actions
+- Auto-response actions
+- Label carry over from issue to pull request
+
+### Exempting an issue/PR from stale bot processing
+
+The stale item handling is configured in the [repository](link-to-config-file). To exempt an issue or PR from stale processing you can:
+
+- Add the item to a milestone
+- Add the `frozen` label to the item
+
+## Updating dependencies
+
+- **Runtime Dependencies**: Use the latest stable release available when the first Release Candidate (RC) of a new feature release is cut. For patch releases, update to the latest corresponding patch release of the dependency.
+- **Other Dependencies**: Always permitted to update to the latest patch release in the development branch. Updates to a new feature release require justification, unless the dependency is outdated. Prefer tagged versions of dependencies unless a specific untagged commit is needed. Go modules should specify the lowest compatible version; there is no requirement to update all dependencies to their latest versions before cutting a new Buildx feature release.
+- **Patch Releases**: Vendored dependency updates are considered for patch releases, except in the rare cases specified previously.
+- **Security Considerations**: A security scanner report indicating a non-exploitable issue via Buildx does not justify backports.

README.md

@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@ For more information on how to use Buildx, see
 
 Using `buildx` with Docker requires Docker engine 19.03 or newer.
 
-> **Warning**
->
+> [!WARNING]
 > Using an incompatible version of Docker may result in unexpected behavior,
 > and will likely cause issues, especially when using Buildx builders with more
 > recent versions of BuildKit.
@@ -75,8 +74,7 @@ Docker Engine package repositories contain Docker Buildx packages when installed
 
 ## Manual download
 
-> **Important**
->
+> [!IMPORTANT]
 > This section is for unattended installation of the buildx component. These
 > instructions are mostly suitable for testing purposes. We do not recommend
 > installing buildx using manual download in production environments as they
@@ -107,8 +105,7 @@ On Windows:
 * `C:\ProgramData\Docker\cli-plugins`
 * `C:\Program Files\Docker\cli-plugins`
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > On Unix environments, it may also be necessary to make it executable with `chmod +x`:
 > ```shell
 > $ chmod +x ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
@@ -187,12 +184,12 @@ through various "drivers". Each driver defines how and where a build should
 run, and have different feature sets.
 
 We currently support the following drivers:
-- The `docker` driver ([guide](docs/manuals/drivers/docker.md), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
-- The `docker-container` driver ([guide](docs/manuals/drivers/docker-container.md), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
-- The `kubernetes` driver ([guide](docs/manuals/drivers/kubernetes.md), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
-- The `remote` driver ([guide](docs/manuals/drivers/remote.md))
+- The `docker` driver ([guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/docker/), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
+- The `docker-container` driver ([guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/docker-container/), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
+- The `kubernetes` driver ([guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/kubernetes/), [reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/buildx_create/#driver))
+- The `remote` driver ([guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/remote/))
 
-For more information on drivers, see the [drivers guide](docs/manuals/drivers/index.md).
+For more information on drivers, see the [drivers guide](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/).
 
 ## Working with builder instances
 

bake/bake.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package bake
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/csv"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path"
@@ -26,7 +25,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/auth/authprovider"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/convert"
 )
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ func readWithProgress(r io.Reader, setStatus func(st *client.VertexStatus)) (dt
 }
 
 func ListTargets(files []File) ([]string, error) {
-	c, err := ParseFiles(files, nil)
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles(files, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ func ListTargets(files []File) ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 func ReadTargets(ctx context.Context, files []File, targets, overrides []string, defaults map[string]string) (map[string]*Target, map[string]*Group, error) {
-	c, err := ParseFiles(files, defaults)
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles(files, defaults)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ func sliceToMap(env []string) (res map[string]string) {
 	return
 }
 
-func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults map[string]string) (_ *Config, err error) {
+func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults map[string]string) (_ *Config, _ *hclparser.ParseMeta, err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		err = formatHCLError(err, files)
 	}()
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults map[string]string) (_ *Config, err error)
 		isCompose, composeErr := validateComposeFile(f.Data, f.Name)
 		if isCompose {
 			if composeErr != nil {
-				return nil, composeErr
+				return nil, nil, composeErr
 			}
 			composeFiles = append(composeFiles, f)
 		}
@@ -318,13 +319,13 @@ func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults map[string]string) (_ *Config, err error)
 			hf, isHCL, err := ParseHCLFile(f.Data, f.Name)
 			if isHCL {
 				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
+					return nil, nil, err
 				}
 				hclFiles = append(hclFiles, hf)
 			} else if composeErr != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse %s: parsing yaml: %v, parsing hcl", f.Name, composeErr)
+				return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse %s: parsing yaml: %v, parsing hcl", f.Name, composeErr)
 			} else {
-				return nil, err
+				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -332,23 +333,24 @@ func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults map[string]string) (_ *Config, err error)
 	if len(composeFiles) > 0 {
 		cfg, cmperr := ParseComposeFiles(composeFiles)
 		if cmperr != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(cmperr, "failed to parse compose file")
+			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(cmperr, "failed to parse compose file")
 		}
 		c = mergeConfig(c, *cfg)
 		c = dedupeConfig(c)
 	}
 
+	var pm hclparser.ParseMeta
 	if len(hclFiles) > 0 {
-		renamed, err := hclparser.Parse(hclparser.MergeFiles(hclFiles), hclparser.Opt{
+		res, err := hclparser.Parse(hclparser.MergeFiles(hclFiles), hclparser.Opt{
 			LookupVar:     os.LookupEnv,
 			Vars:          defaults,
 			ValidateLabel: validateTargetName,
 		}, &c)
 		if err.HasErrors() {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 
-		for _, renamed := range renamed {
+		for _, renamed := range res.Renamed {
 			for oldName, newNames := range renamed {
 				newNames = dedupSlice(newNames)
 				if len(newNames) == 1 && oldName == newNames[0] {
@@ -361,9 +363,10 @@ func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults map[string]string) (_ *Config, err error)
 			}
 		}
 		c = dedupeConfig(c)
+		pm = *res
 	}
 
-	return &c, nil
+	return &c, &pm, nil
 }
 
 func dedupeConfig(c Config) Config {
@@ -388,7 +391,8 @@ func dedupeConfig(c Config) Config {
 }
 
 func ParseFile(dt []byte, fn string) (*Config, error) {
-	return ParseFiles([]File{{Data: dt, Name: fn}}, nil)
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{{Data: dt, Name: fn}}, nil)
+	return c, err
 }
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -491,7 +495,7 @@ func (c Config) loadLinks(name string, t *Target, m map[string]*Target, o map[st
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				t2.Outputs = nil
+				t2.Outputs = []string{"type=cacheonly"}
 				t2.linked = true
 				m[target] = t2
 			}
@@ -539,7 +543,7 @@ func (c Config) newOverrides(v []string) (map[string]map[string]Override, error)
 			o := t[kk[1]]
 
 			switch keys[1] {
-			case "output", "cache-to", "cache-from", "tags", "platform", "secrets", "ssh", "attest":
+			case "output", "cache-to", "cache-from", "tags", "platform", "secrets", "ssh", "attest", "entitlements", "network":
 				if len(parts) == 2 {
 					o.ArrValue = append(o.ArrValue, parts[1])
 				}
@@ -669,13 +673,15 @@ func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]*Target, overrides map[st
 }
 
 type Group struct {
-	Name    string   `json:"-" hcl:"name,label" cty:"name"`
-	Targets []string `json:"targets" hcl:"targets" cty:"targets"`
+	Name        string   `json:"-" hcl:"name,label" cty:"name"`
+	Description string   `json:"description,omitempty" hcl:"description,optional" cty:"description"`
+	Targets     []string `json:"targets" hcl:"targets" cty:"targets"`
 	// Target // TODO?
 }
 
 type Target struct {
-	Name string `json:"-" hcl:"name,label" cty:"name"`
+	Name        string `json:"-" hcl:"name,label" cty:"name"`
+	Description string `json:"description,omitempty" hcl:"description,optional" cty:"description"`
 
 	// Inherits is the only field that cannot be overridden with --set
 	Inherits []string `json:"inherits,omitempty" hcl:"inherits,optional" cty:"inherits"`
@@ -698,11 +704,13 @@ type Target struct {
 	Outputs          []string           `json:"output,omitempty" hcl:"output,optional" cty:"output"`
 	Pull             *bool              `json:"pull,omitempty" hcl:"pull,optional" cty:"pull"`
 	NoCache          *bool              `json:"no-cache,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache,optional" cty:"no-cache"`
-	NetworkMode      *string            `json:"-" hcl:"-" cty:"-"`
+	NetworkMode      *string            `json:"network" hcl:"network" cty:"network"`
 	NoCacheFilter    []string           `json:"no-cache-filter,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache-filter,optional" cty:"no-cache-filter"`
 	ShmSize          *string            `json:"shm-size,omitempty" hcl:"shm-size,optional"`
 	Ulimits          []string           `json:"ulimits,omitempty" hcl:"ulimits,optional"`
-	// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update newOverrides and docs/bake-reference.md.
+	Call             *string            `json:"call,omitempty" hcl:"call,optional" cty:"call"`
+	Entitlements     []string           `json:"entitlements,omitempty" hcl:"entitlements,optional" cty:"entitlements"`
+	// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update newOverrides/AddOverrides and docs/bake-reference.md.
 
 	// linked is a private field to mark a target used as a linked one
 	linked bool
@@ -726,6 +734,12 @@ func (t *Target) normalize() {
 	t.NoCacheFilter = removeDupes(t.NoCacheFilter)
 	t.Ulimits = removeDupes(t.Ulimits)
 
+	if t.NetworkMode != nil && *t.NetworkMode == "host" {
+		t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, "network.host")
+	}
+
+	t.Entitlements = removeDupes(t.Entitlements)
+
 	for k, v := range t.Contexts {
 		if v == "" {
 			delete(t.Contexts, k)
@@ -776,6 +790,9 @@ func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
 	if t2.Target != nil {
 		t.Target = t2.Target
 	}
+	if t2.Call != nil {
+		t.Call = t2.Call
+	}
 	if t2.Annotations != nil { // merge
 		t.Annotations = append(t.Annotations, t2.Annotations...)
 	}
@@ -819,6 +836,12 @@ func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
 	if t2.Ulimits != nil { // merge
 		t.Ulimits = append(t.Ulimits, t2.Ulimits...)
 	}
+	if t2.Description != "" {
+		t.Description = t2.Description
+	}
+	if t2.Entitlements != nil { // merge
+		t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, t2.Entitlements...)
+	}
 	t.Inherits = append(t.Inherits, t2.Inherits...)
 }
 
@@ -863,6 +886,8 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override) error {
 			t.CacheTo = o.ArrValue
 		case "target":
 			t.Target = &value
+		case "call":
+			t.Call = &value
 		case "secrets":
 			t.Secrets = o.ArrValue
 		case "ssh":
@@ -871,6 +896,8 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override) error {
 			t.Platforms = o.ArrValue
 		case "output":
 			t.Outputs = o.ArrValue
+		case "entitlements":
+			t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, o.ArrValue...)
 		case "annotations":
 			t.Annotations = append(t.Annotations, o.ArrValue...)
 		case "attest":
@@ -887,6 +914,8 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override) error {
 			t.ShmSize = &value
 		case "ulimits":
 			t.Ulimits = o.ArrValue
+		case "network":
+			t.NetworkMode = &value
 		case "pull":
 			pull, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -1298,6 +1327,12 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 		bo.Target = *t.Target
 	}
 
+	if t.Call != nil {
+		bo.CallFunc = &build.CallFunc{
+			Name: *t.Call,
+		}
+	}
+
 	cacheImports, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(t.CacheFrom)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1348,6 +1383,10 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 	}
 	bo.Ulimits = ulimits
 
+	for _, ent := range t.Entitlements {
+		bo.Allow = append(bo.Allow, entitlements.Entitlement(ent))
+	}
+
 	return bo, nil
 }
 
@@ -1393,8 +1432,7 @@ func removeAttestDupes(s []string) []string {
 }
 
 func parseOutput(str string) map[string]string {
-	csvReader := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(str))
-	fields, err := csvReader.Read()
+	fields, err := csvvalue.Fields(str, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}

bake/bake_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -838,7 +839,8 @@ func TestReadContextFromTargetChain(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mid, ok := m["mid"]
 	require.True(t, ok)
-	require.Equal(t, 0, len(mid.Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(mid.Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, "type=cacheonly", mid.Outputs[0])
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(mid.Contexts))
 
 	base, ok := m["base"]
@@ -1528,7 +1530,7 @@ services:
         v2: "bar"
 `)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.foo"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.bar"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -1725,3 +1727,132 @@ func TestAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, bo["app"].Exports, 1)
 	require.Equal(t, "bar", bo["app"].Exports[0].Attrs["annotation-manifest[linux/amd64].foo"])
 }
+
+func TestHCLEntitlements(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+				entitlements = ["security.insecure", "network.host"]
+			}`),
+	}
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	bo, err := TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"app"}, g["default"].Targets)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Contains(t, m, "app")
+	require.Len(t, m["app"].Entitlements, 2)
+	require.Equal(t, "security.insecure", m["app"].Entitlements[0])
+	require.Equal(t, "network.host", m["app"].Entitlements[1])
+
+	require.Len(t, bo["app"].Allow, 2)
+	require.Equal(t, entitlements.EntitlementSecurityInsecure, bo["app"].Allow[0])
+	require.Equal(t, entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost, bo["app"].Allow[1])
+}
+
+func TestEntitlementsForNetHostCompose(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+				dockerfile = "app.Dockerfile"
+			}`),
+	}
+
+	fp2 := File{
+		Name: "docker-compose.yml",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`services:
+  app:
+    build:
+      network: "host"
+`),
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp, fp2}, []string{"app"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	bo, err := TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"app"}, g["default"].Targets)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Contains(t, m, "app")
+	require.Len(t, m["app"].Entitlements, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, "network.host", m["app"].Entitlements[0])
+	require.Equal(t, "host", *m["app"].NetworkMode)
+
+	require.Len(t, bo["app"].Allow, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost, bo["app"].Allow[0])
+	require.Equal(t, "host", bo["app"].NetworkMode)
+}
+
+func TestEntitlementsForNetHost(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+				dockerfile = "app.Dockerfile"
+				network = "host"
+			}`),
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	bo, err := TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"app"}, g["default"].Targets)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Contains(t, m, "app")
+	require.Len(t, m["app"].Entitlements, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, "network.host", m["app"].Entitlements[0])
+	require.Equal(t, "host", *m["app"].NetworkMode)
+
+	require.Len(t, bo["app"].Allow, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost, bo["app"].Allow[0])
+	require.Equal(t, "host", bo["app"].NetworkMode)
+}
+
+func TestNetNone(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+				dockerfile = "app.Dockerfile"
+				network = "none"
+			}`),
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	bo, err := TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"app"}, g["default"].Targets)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Contains(t, m, "app")
+	require.Len(t, m["app"].Entitlements, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, "none", *m["app"].NetworkMode)
+
+	require.Len(t, bo["app"].Allow, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, "none", bo["app"].NetworkMode)
+}

bake/compose.go

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/consts"
 	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/dotenv"
 	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/loader"
 	composetypes "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/types"
@@ -39,7 +41,11 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 		ConfigFiles: cfgs,
 		Environment: envs,
 	}, func(options *loader.Options) {
-		options.SetProjectName("bake", false)
+		projectName := "bake"
+		if v, ok := envs[consts.ComposeProjectName]; ok && v != "" {
+			projectName = v
+		}
+		options.SetProjectName(projectName, false)
 		options.SkipNormalization = true
 		options.Profiles = []string{"*"}
 	})
@@ -107,6 +113,13 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 				}
 			}
 
+			var ssh []string
+			for _, bkey := range s.Build.SSH {
+				sshkey := composeToBuildkitSSH(bkey)
+				ssh = append(ssh, sshkey)
+			}
+			sort.Strings(ssh)
+
 			var secrets []string
 			for _, bs := range s.Build.Secrets {
 				secret, err := composeToBuildkitSecret(bs, cfg.Secrets[bs.Source])
@@ -142,6 +155,7 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 				CacheFrom:   s.Build.CacheFrom,
 				CacheTo:     s.Build.CacheTo,
 				NetworkMode: &s.Build.Network,
+				SSH:         ssh,
 				Secrets:     secrets,
 				ShmSize:     shmSize,
 				Ulimits:     ulimits,
@@ -275,7 +289,7 @@ type xbake struct {
 	NoCacheFilter stringArray `yaml:"no-cache-filter,omitempty"`
 	Contexts      stringMap   `yaml:"contexts,omitempty"`
 	// don't forget to update documentation if you add a new field:
-	// docs/manuals/bake/compose-file.md#extension-field-with-x-bake
+	// https://github.com/docker/docs/blob/main/content/build/bake/compose-file.md#extension-field-with-x-bake
 }
 
 type stringMap map[string]string
@@ -325,6 +339,7 @@ func (t *Target) composeExtTarget(exts map[string]interface{}) error {
 	}
 	if len(xb.SSH) > 0 {
 		t.SSH = dedupSlice(append(t.SSH, xb.SSH...))
+		sort.Strings(t.SSH)
 	}
 	if len(xb.Platforms) > 0 {
 		t.Platforms = dedupSlice(append(t.Platforms, xb.Platforms...))
@@ -368,3 +383,17 @@ func composeToBuildkitSecret(inp composetypes.ServiceSecretConfig, psecret compo
 
 	return strings.Join(bkattrs, ","), nil
 }
+
+// composeToBuildkitSSH converts secret from compose format to buildkit's
+// csv format.
+func composeToBuildkitSSH(sshKey composetypes.SSHKey) string {
+	var bkattrs []string
+
+	bkattrs = append(bkattrs, sshKey.ID)
+
+	if sshKey.Path != "" {
+		bkattrs = append(bkattrs, sshKey.Path)
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(bkattrs, "=")
+}

bake/compose_test.go

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ services:
         - type=local,src=path/to/cache
       cache_to:
         - type=local,dest=path/to/cache
+      ssh:
+        - key=path/to/key
+        - default
       secrets:
         - token
         - aws
@@ -74,6 +77,7 @@ secrets:
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[1].CacheFrom)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[1].CacheTo)
 	require.Equal(t, "none", *c.Targets[1].NetworkMode)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key"}, c.Targets[1].SSH)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{
 		"id=token,env=ENV_TOKEN",
 		"id=aws,src=/root/.aws/credentials",
@@ -278,6 +282,8 @@ services:
         - user/app:cache
       tags:
         - ct-addon:baz
+      ssh:
+        key: path/to/key
       args:
         CT_ECR: foo
         CT_TAG: bar
@@ -287,6 +293,9 @@ services:
         tags:
           - ct-addon:foo
           - ct-addon:alp
+        ssh:
+          - default
+          - other=path/to/otherkey
         platforms:
           - linux/amd64
           - linux/arm64
@@ -329,6 +338,7 @@ services:
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"}, c.Targets[0].Platforms)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheFrom)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheTo)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key", "other=path/to/otherkey"}, c.Targets[0].SSH)
 	require.Equal(t, newBool(true), c.Targets[0].Pull)
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"alpine": "docker-image://alpine:3.13"}, c.Targets[0].Contexts)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"ct-fake-aws:bar"}, c.Targets[1].Tags)
@@ -353,6 +363,8 @@ services:
         - user/app:cache
       tags:
         - ct-addon:foo
+      ssh:
+        - default
       x-bake:
         tags:
           - ct-addon:foo
@@ -362,6 +374,9 @@ services:
           - type=local,src=path/to/cache
         cache-to:
           - type=local,dest=path/to/cache
+        ssh:
+          - default
+          - key=path/to/key
 `)
 
 	c, err := ParseCompose([]composetypes.ConfigFile{{Content: dt}}, nil)
@@ -370,6 +385,7 @@ services:
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"ct-addon:foo", "ct-addon:baz"}, c.Targets[0].Tags)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheFrom)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheTo)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key"}, c.Targets[0].SSH)
 }
 
 func TestEnv(t *testing.T) {
@@ -742,6 +758,46 @@ services:
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
+func TestCgroup(t *testing.T) {
+	var dt = []byte(`
+services:
+  scratch:
+    build:
+     context: ./webapp
+    cgroup: private
+`)
+
+	_, err := ParseCompose([]composetypes.ConfigFile{{Content: dt}}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestProjectName(t *testing.T) {
+	var dt = []byte(`
+services:
+  scratch:
+    build:
+     context: ./webapp
+     args:
+       PROJECT_NAME: ${COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME}
+`)
+
+	t.Run("default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c, err := ParseCompose([]composetypes.ConfigFile{{Content: dt}}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, c.Targets, 1)
+		require.Len(t, c.Targets[0].Args, 1)
+		require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{"PROJECT_NAME": ptrstr("bake")}, c.Targets[0].Args)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("env", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c, err := ParseCompose([]composetypes.ConfigFile{{Content: dt}}, map[string]string{"COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME": "foo"})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, c.Targets, 1)
+		require.Len(t, c.Targets[0].Args, 1)
+		require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{"PROJECT_NAME": ptrstr("foo")}, c.Targets[0].Args)
+	})
+}
+
 // chdir changes the current working directory to the named directory,
 // and then restore the original working directory at the end of the test.
 func chdir(t *testing.T, dir string) {

bake/entitlements.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package bake
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/console"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+type EntitlementKey string
+
+const (
+	EntitlementKeyNetworkHost      EntitlementKey = "network.host"
+	EntitlementKeySecurityInsecure EntitlementKey = "security.insecure"
+	EntitlementKeyFSRead           EntitlementKey = "fs.read"
+	EntitlementKeyFSWrite          EntitlementKey = "fs.write"
+	EntitlementKeyFS               EntitlementKey = "fs"
+	EntitlementKeyImagePush        EntitlementKey = "image.push"
+	EntitlementKeyImageLoad        EntitlementKey = "image.load"
+	EntitlementKeyImage            EntitlementKey = "image"
+	EntitlementKeySSH              EntitlementKey = "ssh"
+)
+
+type EntitlementConf struct {
+	NetworkHost      bool
+	SecurityInsecure bool
+	FSRead           []string
+	FSWrite          []string
+	ImagePush        []string
+	ImageLoad        []string
+	SSH              bool
+}
+
+func ParseEntitlements(in []string) (EntitlementConf, error) {
+	var conf EntitlementConf
+	for _, e := range in {
+		switch e {
+		case string(EntitlementKeyNetworkHost):
+			conf.NetworkHost = true
+		case string(EntitlementKeySecurityInsecure):
+			conf.SecurityInsecure = true
+		case string(EntitlementKeySSH):
+			conf.SSH = true
+		default:
+			k, v, _ := strings.Cut(e, "=")
+			switch k {
+			case string(EntitlementKeyFSRead):
+				conf.FSRead = append(conf.FSRead, v)
+			case string(EntitlementKeyFSWrite):
+				conf.FSWrite = append(conf.FSWrite, v)
+			case string(EntitlementKeyFS):
+				conf.FSRead = append(conf.FSRead, v)
+				conf.FSWrite = append(conf.FSWrite, v)
+			case string(EntitlementKeyImagePush):
+				conf.ImagePush = append(conf.ImagePush, v)
+			case string(EntitlementKeyImageLoad):
+				conf.ImageLoad = append(conf.ImageLoad, v)
+			case string(EntitlementKeyImage):
+				conf.ImagePush = append(conf.ImagePush, v)
+				conf.ImageLoad = append(conf.ImageLoad, v)
+			default:
+				return conf, errors.Errorf("uknown entitlement key %q", k)
+			}
+
+			// TODO: dedupe slices and parent paths
+		}
+	}
+	return conf, nil
+}
+
+func (c EntitlementConf) Validate(m map[string]build.Options) (EntitlementConf, error) {
+	var expected EntitlementConf
+
+	for _, v := range m {
+		if err := c.check(v, &expected); err != nil {
+			return EntitlementConf{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return expected, nil
+}
+
+func (c EntitlementConf) check(bo build.Options, expected *EntitlementConf) error {
+	for _, e := range bo.Allow {
+		switch e {
+		case entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost:
+			if !c.NetworkHost {
+				expected.NetworkHost = true
+			}
+		case entitlements.EntitlementSecurityInsecure:
+			if !c.SecurityInsecure {
+				expected.SecurityInsecure = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c EntitlementConf) Prompt(ctx context.Context, out io.Writer) error {
+	var term bool
+	if _, err := console.ConsoleFromFile(os.Stdin); err == nil {
+		term = true
+	}
+
+	var msgs []string
+	var flags []string
+
+	if c.NetworkHost {
+		msgs = append(msgs, " - Running build containers that can access host network")
+		flags = append(flags, "network.host")
+	}
+	if c.SecurityInsecure {
+		msgs = append(msgs, " - Running privileged containers that can make system changes")
+		flags = append(flags, "security.insecure")
+	}
+
+	if len(msgs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(out, "Your build is requesting privileges for following possibly insecure capabilities:\n\n")
+	for _, m := range msgs {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s\n", m)
+	}
+
+	for i, f := range flags {
+		flags[i] = "--allow=" + f
+	}
+
+	if term {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nIn order to not see this message in the future pass %q to grant requested privileges.\n", strings.Join(flags, " "))
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nPass %q to grant requested privileges.\n", strings.Join(flags, " "))
+	}
+
+	args := append([]string(nil), os.Args...)
+	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("DOCKER_CLI_PLUGIN_ORIGINAL_CLI_COMMAND"); ok && v != "" {
+		args[0] = v
+	}
+	idx := slices.Index(args, "bake")
+
+	if idx != -1 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nYour full command with requested privileges:\n\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s %s %s\n\n", strings.Join(args[:idx+1], " "), strings.Join(flags, " "), strings.Join(args[idx+1:], " "))
+	}
+
+	if term {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "Do you want to grant requested privileges and continue? [y/N] ")
+		reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
+		answerCh := make(chan string, 1)
+		go func() {
+			answer, _, _ := reader.ReadLine()
+			answerCh <- string(answer)
+			close(answerCh)
+		}()
+
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case answer := <-answerCh:
+			if strings.ToLower(string(answer)) == "y" {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return errors.Errorf("additional privileges requested")
+}

bake/hcl_test.go

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileSharedVariables(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		`)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.hcl"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileSharedVariables(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Setenv("FOO", "def")
 
-	c, err = ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err = ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.hcl"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ func TestHCLVarsWithVars(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		`)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.hcl"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ func TestHCLVarsWithVars(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Setenv("BASE", "new")
 
-	c, err = ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err = ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.hcl"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 		FOO="def"
 		`)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.hcl"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Setenv("FOO", "ghi")
 
-	c, err = ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err = ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.hcl"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileGlobalAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 		FOO = "def"
 		`)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.hcl"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ func TestHCLRenameMultiFile(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		`)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt3, Name: "c3.hcl"},
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ func TestHCLMatrixArgsOverride(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	`)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "docker-bake.hcl"},
 	}, map[string]string{"ABC": "11,22,33"})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ services:
         v2: "bar"
 `)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 		{Data: dt2, Name: "c2.yml"},
 	}, nil)
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ func TestHCLBuiltinVars(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		`)
 
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{Data: dt, Name: "c1.hcl"},
 	}, map[string]string{
 		"BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT": "foo",
@@ -1272,7 +1272,7 @@ func TestHCLBuiltinVars(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCombineHCLAndJSONTargets(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{
 			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
 			Data: []byte(`
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ target "b" {
 }
 
 func TestCombineHCLAndJSONVars(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := ParseFiles([]File{
+	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{
 		{
 			Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
 			Data: []byte(`

bake/hclparser/hclparser.go

@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@ type Opt struct {
 }
 
 type variable struct {
-	Name    string         `json:"-" hcl:"name,label"`
-	Default *hcl.Attribute `json:"default,omitempty" hcl:"default,optional"`
-	Body    hcl.Body       `json:"-" hcl:",body"`
+	Name        string         `json:"-" hcl:"name,label"`
+	Default     *hcl.Attribute `json:"default,omitempty" hcl:"default,optional"`
+	Description string         `json:"description,omitempty" hcl:"description,optional"`
+	Body        hcl.Body       `json:"-" hcl:",body"`
+	Remain      hcl.Body       `json:"-" hcl:",remain"`
 }
 
 type functionDef struct {
@@ -73,7 +75,12 @@ type WithGetName interface {
 	GetName(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, block *hcl.Block, loadDeps func(hcl.Expression) hcl.Diagnostics) (string, error)
 }
 
-var errUndefined = errors.New("undefined")
+// errUndefined is returned when a variable or function is not defined.
+type errUndefined struct{}
+
+func (errUndefined) Error() string {
+	return "undefined"
+}
 
 func (p *parser) loadDeps(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, exp hcl.Expression, exclude map[string]struct{}, allowMissing bool) hcl.Diagnostics {
 	fns, hcldiags := funcCalls(exp)
@@ -83,7 +90,7 @@ func (p *parser) loadDeps(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, exp hcl.Expression, exclude map
 
 	for _, fn := range fns {
 		if err := p.resolveFunction(ectx, fn); err != nil {
-			if allowMissing && errors.Is(err, errUndefined) {
+			if allowMissing && errors.Is(err, errUndefined{}) {
 				continue
 			}
 			return wrapErrorDiagnostic("Invalid expression", err, exp.Range().Ptr(), exp.Range().Ptr())
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ func (p *parser) loadDeps(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, exp hcl.Expression, exclude map
 			}
 			for _, block := range blocks {
 				if err := p.resolveBlock(block, target); err != nil {
-					if allowMissing && errors.Is(err, errUndefined) {
+					if allowMissing && errors.Is(err, errUndefined{}) {
 						continue
 					}
 					return wrapErrorDiagnostic("Invalid expression", err, exp.Range().Ptr(), exp.Range().Ptr())
@@ -145,7 +152,7 @@ func (p *parser) loadDeps(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, exp hcl.Expression, exclude map
 			}
 		} else {
 			if err := p.resolveValue(ectx, v.RootName()); err != nil {
-				if allowMissing && errors.Is(err, errUndefined) {
+				if allowMissing && errors.Is(err, errUndefined{}) {
 					continue
 				}
 				return wrapErrorDiagnostic("Invalid expression", err, exp.Range().Ptr(), exp.Range().Ptr())
@@ -167,7 +174,7 @@ func (p *parser) resolveFunction(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, name string) error {
 	}
 	f, ok := p.funcs[name]
 	if !ok {
-		return errors.Wrapf(errUndefined, "function %q does not exist", name)
+		return errors.Wrapf(errUndefined{}, "function %q does not exist", name)
 	}
 	if _, ok := p.progressF[key(ectx, name)]; ok {
 		return errors.Errorf("function cycle not allowed for %s", name)
@@ -257,7 +264,7 @@ func (p *parser) resolveValue(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, name string) (err error) {
 	if _, builtin := p.opt.Vars[name]; !ok && !builtin {
 		vr, ok := p.vars[name]
 		if !ok {
-			return errors.Wrapf(errUndefined, "variable %q does not exist", name)
+			return errors.Wrapf(errUndefined{}, "variable %q does not exist", name)
 		}
 		def = vr.Default
 		ectx = p.ectx
@@ -534,7 +541,18 @@ func (p *parser) resolveBlockNames(block *hcl.Block) ([]string, error) {
 	return names, nil
 }
 
-func Parse(b hcl.Body, opt Opt, val interface{}) (map[string]map[string][]string, hcl.Diagnostics) {
+type Variable struct {
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Value       *string
+}
+
+type ParseMeta struct {
+	Renamed      map[string]map[string][]string
+	AllVariables []*Variable
+}
+
+func Parse(b hcl.Body, opt Opt, val interface{}) (*ParseMeta, hcl.Diagnostics) {
 	reserved := map[string]struct{}{}
 	schema, _ := gohcl.ImpliedBodySchema(val)
 
@@ -643,6 +661,7 @@ func Parse(b hcl.Body, opt Opt, val interface{}) (map[string]map[string][]string
 		}
 	}
 
+	vars := make([]*Variable, 0, len(p.vars))
 	for k := range p.vars {
 		if err := p.resolveValue(p.ectx, k); err != nil {
 			if diags, ok := err.(hcl.Diagnostics); ok {
@@ -651,6 +670,21 @@ func Parse(b hcl.Body, opt Opt, val interface{}) (map[string]map[string][]string
 			r := p.vars[k].Body.MissingItemRange()
 			return nil, wrapErrorDiagnostic("Invalid value", err, &r, &r)
 		}
+		v := &Variable{
+			Name:        p.vars[k].Name,
+			Description: p.vars[k].Description,
+		}
+		if vv := p.ectx.Variables[k]; !vv.IsNull() {
+			var s string
+			switch vv.Type() {
+			case cty.String:
+				s = vv.AsString()
+			case cty.Bool:
+				s = strconv.FormatBool(vv.True())
+			}
+			v.Value = &s
+		}
+		vars = append(vars, v)
 	}
 
 	for k := range p.funcs {
@@ -795,7 +829,10 @@ func Parse(b hcl.Body, opt Opt, val interface{}) (map[string]map[string][]string
 		}
 	}
 
-	return renamed, nil
+	return &ParseMeta{
+		Renamed:      renamed,
+		AllVariables: vars,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // wrapErrorDiagnostic wraps an error into a hcl.Diagnostics object.

bake/hclparser/merged.go

@@ -111,21 +111,19 @@ func (mb mergedBodies) JustAttributes() (hcl.Attributes, hcl.Diagnostics) {
 			diags = append(diags, thisDiags...)
 		}
 
-		if thisAttrs != nil {
-			for name, attr := range thisAttrs {
-				if existing := attrs[name]; existing != nil {
-					diags = diags.Append(&hcl.Diagnostic{
-						Severity: hcl.DiagError,
-						Summary:  "Duplicate argument",
-						Detail: fmt.Sprintf(
-							"Argument %q was already set at %s",
-							name, existing.NameRange.String(),
-						),
-						Subject: thisAttrs[name].NameRange.Ptr(),
-					})
-				}
-				attrs[name] = attr
+		for name, attr := range thisAttrs {
+			if existing := attrs[name]; existing != nil {
+				diags = diags.Append(&hcl.Diagnostic{
+					Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+					Summary:  "Duplicate argument",
+					Detail: fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Argument %q was already set at %s",
+						name, existing.NameRange.String(),
+					),
+					Subject: thisAttrs[name].NameRange.Ptr(),
+				})
 			}
+			attrs[name] = attr
 		}
 	}
 

bake/hclparser/stdlib.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package hclparser
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-cty-funcs/cidr"
@@ -9,174 +12,251 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-cty-funcs/uuid"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/ext/tryfunc"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/ext/typeexpr"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/function"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/function/stdlib"
 )
 
-var stdlibFunctions = map[string]function.Function{
-	"absolute":               stdlib.AbsoluteFunc,
-	"add":                    stdlib.AddFunc,
-	"and":                    stdlib.AndFunc,
-	"base64decode":           encoding.Base64DecodeFunc,
-	"base64encode":           encoding.Base64EncodeFunc,
-	"bcrypt":                 crypto.BcryptFunc,
-	"byteslen":               stdlib.BytesLenFunc,
-	"bytesslice":             stdlib.BytesSliceFunc,
-	"can":                    tryfunc.CanFunc,
-	"ceil":                   stdlib.CeilFunc,
-	"chomp":                  stdlib.ChompFunc,
-	"chunklist":              stdlib.ChunklistFunc,
-	"cidrhost":               cidr.HostFunc,
-	"cidrnetmask":            cidr.NetmaskFunc,
-	"cidrsubnet":             cidr.SubnetFunc,
-	"cidrsubnets":            cidr.SubnetsFunc,
-	"coalesce":               stdlib.CoalesceFunc,
-	"coalescelist":           stdlib.CoalesceListFunc,
-	"compact":                stdlib.CompactFunc,
-	"concat":                 stdlib.ConcatFunc,
-	"contains":               stdlib.ContainsFunc,
-	"convert":                typeexpr.ConvertFunc,
-	"csvdecode":              stdlib.CSVDecodeFunc,
-	"distinct":               stdlib.DistinctFunc,
-	"divide":                 stdlib.DivideFunc,
-	"element":                stdlib.ElementFunc,
-	"equal":                  stdlib.EqualFunc,
-	"flatten":                stdlib.FlattenFunc,
-	"floor":                  stdlib.FloorFunc,
-	"format":                 stdlib.FormatFunc,
-	"formatdate":             stdlib.FormatDateFunc,
-	"formatlist":             stdlib.FormatListFunc,
-	"greaterthan":            stdlib.GreaterThanFunc,
-	"greaterthanorequalto":   stdlib.GreaterThanOrEqualToFunc,
-	"hasindex":               stdlib.HasIndexFunc,
-	"indent":                 stdlib.IndentFunc,
-	"index":                  stdlib.IndexFunc,
-	"indexof":                indexOfFunc,
-	"int":                    stdlib.IntFunc,
-	"join":                   stdlib.JoinFunc,
-	"jsondecode":             stdlib.JSONDecodeFunc,
-	"jsonencode":             stdlib.JSONEncodeFunc,
-	"keys":                   stdlib.KeysFunc,
-	"length":                 stdlib.LengthFunc,
-	"lessthan":               stdlib.LessThanFunc,
-	"lessthanorequalto":      stdlib.LessThanOrEqualToFunc,
-	"log":                    stdlib.LogFunc,
-	"lookup":                 stdlib.LookupFunc,
-	"lower":                  stdlib.LowerFunc,
-	"max":                    stdlib.MaxFunc,
-	"md5":                    crypto.Md5Func,
-	"merge":                  stdlib.MergeFunc,
-	"min":                    stdlib.MinFunc,
-	"modulo":                 stdlib.ModuloFunc,
-	"multiply":               stdlib.MultiplyFunc,
-	"negate":                 stdlib.NegateFunc,
-	"not":                    stdlib.NotFunc,
-	"notequal":               stdlib.NotEqualFunc,
-	"or":                     stdlib.OrFunc,
-	"parseint":               stdlib.ParseIntFunc,
-	"pow":                    stdlib.PowFunc,
-	"range":                  stdlib.RangeFunc,
-	"regex_replace":          stdlib.RegexReplaceFunc,
-	"regex":                  stdlib.RegexFunc,
-	"regexall":               stdlib.RegexAllFunc,
-	"replace":                stdlib.ReplaceFunc,
-	"reverse":                stdlib.ReverseFunc,
-	"reverselist":            stdlib.ReverseListFunc,
-	"rsadecrypt":             crypto.RsaDecryptFunc,
-	"sethaselement":          stdlib.SetHasElementFunc,
-	"setintersection":        stdlib.SetIntersectionFunc,
-	"setproduct":             stdlib.SetProductFunc,
-	"setsubtract":            stdlib.SetSubtractFunc,
-	"setsymmetricdifference": stdlib.SetSymmetricDifferenceFunc,
-	"setunion":               stdlib.SetUnionFunc,
-	"sha1":                   crypto.Sha1Func,
-	"sha256":                 crypto.Sha256Func,
-	"sha512":                 crypto.Sha512Func,
-	"signum":                 stdlib.SignumFunc,
-	"slice":                  stdlib.SliceFunc,
-	"sort":                   stdlib.SortFunc,
-	"split":                  stdlib.SplitFunc,
-	"strlen":                 stdlib.StrlenFunc,
-	"substr":                 stdlib.SubstrFunc,
-	"subtract":               stdlib.SubtractFunc,
-	"timeadd":                stdlib.TimeAddFunc,
-	"timestamp":              timestampFunc,
-	"title":                  stdlib.TitleFunc,
-	"trim":                   stdlib.TrimFunc,
-	"trimprefix":             stdlib.TrimPrefixFunc,
-	"trimspace":              stdlib.TrimSpaceFunc,
-	"trimsuffix":             stdlib.TrimSuffixFunc,
-	"try":                    tryfunc.TryFunc,
-	"upper":                  stdlib.UpperFunc,
-	"urlencode":              encoding.URLEncodeFunc,
-	"uuidv4":                 uuid.V4Func,
-	"uuidv5":                 uuid.V5Func,
-	"values":                 stdlib.ValuesFunc,
-	"zipmap":                 stdlib.ZipmapFunc,
+type funcDef struct {
+	name    string
+	fn      function.Function
+	factory func() function.Function
+}
+
+var stdlibFunctions = []funcDef{
+	{name: "absolute", fn: stdlib.AbsoluteFunc},
+	{name: "add", fn: stdlib.AddFunc},
+	{name: "and", fn: stdlib.AndFunc},
+	{name: "base64decode", fn: encoding.Base64DecodeFunc},
+	{name: "base64encode", fn: encoding.Base64EncodeFunc},
+	{name: "basename", factory: basenameFunc},
+	{name: "bcrypt", fn: crypto.BcryptFunc},
+	{name: "byteslen", fn: stdlib.BytesLenFunc},
+	{name: "bytesslice", fn: stdlib.BytesSliceFunc},
+	{name: "can", fn: tryfunc.CanFunc},
+	{name: "ceil", fn: stdlib.CeilFunc},
+	{name: "chomp", fn: stdlib.ChompFunc},
+	{name: "chunklist", fn: stdlib.ChunklistFunc},
+	{name: "cidrhost", fn: cidr.HostFunc},
+	{name: "cidrnetmask", fn: cidr.NetmaskFunc},
+	{name: "cidrsubnet", fn: cidr.SubnetFunc},
+	{name: "cidrsubnets", fn: cidr.SubnetsFunc},
+	{name: "coalesce", fn: stdlib.CoalesceFunc},
+	{name: "coalescelist", fn: stdlib.CoalesceListFunc},
+	{name: "compact", fn: stdlib.CompactFunc},
+	{name: "concat", fn: stdlib.ConcatFunc},
+	{name: "contains", fn: stdlib.ContainsFunc},
+	{name: "convert", fn: typeexpr.ConvertFunc},
+	{name: "csvdecode", fn: stdlib.CSVDecodeFunc},
+	{name: "dirname", factory: dirnameFunc},
+	{name: "distinct", fn: stdlib.DistinctFunc},
+	{name: "divide", fn: stdlib.DivideFunc},
+	{name: "element", fn: stdlib.ElementFunc},
+	{name: "equal", fn: stdlib.EqualFunc},
+	{name: "flatten", fn: stdlib.FlattenFunc},
+	{name: "floor", fn: stdlib.FloorFunc},
+	{name: "format", fn: stdlib.FormatFunc},
+	{name: "formatdate", fn: stdlib.FormatDateFunc},
+	{name: "formatlist", fn: stdlib.FormatListFunc},
+	{name: "greaterthan", fn: stdlib.GreaterThanFunc},
+	{name: "greaterthanorequalto", fn: stdlib.GreaterThanOrEqualToFunc},
+	{name: "hasindex", fn: stdlib.HasIndexFunc},
+	{name: "indent", fn: stdlib.IndentFunc},
+	{name: "index", fn: stdlib.IndexFunc},
+	{name: "indexof", factory: indexOfFunc},
+	{name: "int", fn: stdlib.IntFunc},
+	{name: "join", fn: stdlib.JoinFunc},
+	{name: "jsondecode", fn: stdlib.JSONDecodeFunc},
+	{name: "jsonencode", fn: stdlib.JSONEncodeFunc},
+	{name: "keys", fn: stdlib.KeysFunc},
+	{name: "length", fn: stdlib.LengthFunc},
+	{name: "lessthan", fn: stdlib.LessThanFunc},
+	{name: "lessthanorequalto", fn: stdlib.LessThanOrEqualToFunc},
+	{name: "log", fn: stdlib.LogFunc},
+	{name: "lookup", fn: stdlib.LookupFunc},
+	{name: "lower", fn: stdlib.LowerFunc},
+	{name: "max", fn: stdlib.MaxFunc},
+	{name: "md5", fn: crypto.Md5Func},
+	{name: "merge", fn: stdlib.MergeFunc},
+	{name: "min", fn: stdlib.MinFunc},
+	{name: "modulo", fn: stdlib.ModuloFunc},
+	{name: "multiply", fn: stdlib.MultiplyFunc},
+	{name: "negate", fn: stdlib.NegateFunc},
+	{name: "not", fn: stdlib.NotFunc},
+	{name: "notequal", fn: stdlib.NotEqualFunc},
+	{name: "or", fn: stdlib.OrFunc},
+	{name: "parseint", fn: stdlib.ParseIntFunc},
+	{name: "pow", fn: stdlib.PowFunc},
+	{name: "range", fn: stdlib.RangeFunc},
+	{name: "regex_replace", fn: stdlib.RegexReplaceFunc},
+	{name: "regex", fn: stdlib.RegexFunc},
+	{name: "regexall", fn: stdlib.RegexAllFunc},
+	{name: "replace", fn: stdlib.ReplaceFunc},
+	{name: "reverse", fn: stdlib.ReverseFunc},
+	{name: "reverselist", fn: stdlib.ReverseListFunc},
+	{name: "rsadecrypt", fn: crypto.RsaDecryptFunc},
+	{name: "sanitize", factory: sanitizeFunc},
+	{name: "sethaselement", fn: stdlib.SetHasElementFunc},
+	{name: "setintersection", fn: stdlib.SetIntersectionFunc},
+	{name: "setproduct", fn: stdlib.SetProductFunc},
+	{name: "setsubtract", fn: stdlib.SetSubtractFunc},
+	{name: "setsymmetricdifference", fn: stdlib.SetSymmetricDifferenceFunc},
+	{name: "setunion", fn: stdlib.SetUnionFunc},
+	{name: "sha1", fn: crypto.Sha1Func},
+	{name: "sha256", fn: crypto.Sha256Func},
+	{name: "sha512", fn: crypto.Sha512Func},
+	{name: "signum", fn: stdlib.SignumFunc},
+	{name: "slice", fn: stdlib.SliceFunc},
+	{name: "sort", fn: stdlib.SortFunc},
+	{name: "split", fn: stdlib.SplitFunc},
+	{name: "strlen", fn: stdlib.StrlenFunc},
+	{name: "substr", fn: stdlib.SubstrFunc},
+	{name: "subtract", fn: stdlib.SubtractFunc},
+	{name: "timeadd", fn: stdlib.TimeAddFunc},
+	{name: "timestamp", factory: timestampFunc},
+	{name: "title", fn: stdlib.TitleFunc},
+	{name: "trim", fn: stdlib.TrimFunc},
+	{name: "trimprefix", fn: stdlib.TrimPrefixFunc},
+	{name: "trimspace", fn: stdlib.TrimSpaceFunc},
+	{name: "trimsuffix", fn: stdlib.TrimSuffixFunc},
+	{name: "try", fn: tryfunc.TryFunc},
+	{name: "upper", fn: stdlib.UpperFunc},
+	{name: "urlencode", fn: encoding.URLEncodeFunc},
+	{name: "uuidv4", fn: uuid.V4Func},
+	{name: "uuidv5", fn: uuid.V5Func},
+	{name: "values", fn: stdlib.ValuesFunc},
+	{name: "zipmap", fn: stdlib.ZipmapFunc},
 }
 
 // indexOfFunc constructs a function that finds the element index for a given
 // value in a list.
-var indexOfFunc = function.New(&function.Spec{
-	Params: []function.Parameter{
-		{
-			Name: "list",
-			Type: cty.DynamicPseudoType,
+func indexOfFunc() function.Function {
+	return function.New(&function.Spec{
+		Params: []function.Parameter{
+			{
+				Name: "list",
+				Type: cty.DynamicPseudoType,
+			},
+			{
+				Name: "value",
+				Type: cty.DynamicPseudoType,
+			},
 		},
-		{
-			Name: "value",
-			Type: cty.DynamicPseudoType,
-		},
-	},
-	Type: function.StaticReturnType(cty.Number),
-	Impl: func(args []cty.Value, retType cty.Type) (ret cty.Value, err error) {
-		if !(args[0].Type().IsListType() || args[0].Type().IsTupleType()) {
-			return cty.NilVal, errors.New("argument must be a list or tuple")
-		}
-
-		if !args[0].IsKnown() {
-			return cty.UnknownVal(cty.Number), nil
-		}
-
-		if args[0].LengthInt() == 0 { // Easy path
-			return cty.NilVal, errors.New("cannot search an empty list")
-		}
-
-		for it := args[0].ElementIterator(); it.Next(); {
-			i, v := it.Element()
-			eq, err := stdlib.Equal(v, args[1])
-			if err != nil {
-				return cty.NilVal, err
+		Type: function.StaticReturnType(cty.Number),
+		Impl: func(args []cty.Value, retType cty.Type) (ret cty.Value, err error) {
+			if !(args[0].Type().IsListType() || args[0].Type().IsTupleType()) {
+				return cty.NilVal, errors.New("argument must be a list or tuple")
 			}
-			if !eq.IsKnown() {
+
+			if !args[0].IsKnown() {
 				return cty.UnknownVal(cty.Number), nil
 			}
-			if eq.True() {
-				return i, nil
-			}
-		}
-		return cty.NilVal, errors.New("item not found")
 
-	},
-})
+			if args[0].LengthInt() == 0 { // Easy path
+				return cty.NilVal, errors.New("cannot search an empty list")
+			}
+
+			for it := args[0].ElementIterator(); it.Next(); {
+				i, v := it.Element()
+				eq, err := stdlib.Equal(v, args[1])
+				if err != nil {
+					return cty.NilVal, err
+				}
+				if !eq.IsKnown() {
+					return cty.UnknownVal(cty.Number), nil
+				}
+				if eq.True() {
+					return i, nil
+				}
+			}
+			return cty.NilVal, errors.New("item not found")
+
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// basenameFunc constructs a function that returns the last element of a path.
+func basenameFunc() function.Function {
+	return function.New(&function.Spec{
+		Params: []function.Parameter{
+			{
+				Name: "path",
+				Type: cty.String,
+			},
+		},
+		Type: function.StaticReturnType(cty.String),
+		Impl: func(args []cty.Value, retType cty.Type) (cty.Value, error) {
+			in := args[0].AsString()
+			return cty.StringVal(path.Base(in)), nil
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// dirnameFunc constructs a function that returns the directory of a path.
+func dirnameFunc() function.Function {
+	return function.New(&function.Spec{
+		Params: []function.Parameter{
+			{
+				Name: "path",
+				Type: cty.String,
+			},
+		},
+		Type: function.StaticReturnType(cty.String),
+		Impl: func(args []cty.Value, retType cty.Type) (cty.Value, error) {
+			in := args[0].AsString()
+			return cty.StringVal(path.Dir(in)), nil
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// sanitizyFunc constructs a function that replaces all non-alphanumeric characters with a underscore,
+// leaving only characters that are valid for a Bake target name.
+func sanitizeFunc() function.Function {
+	return function.New(&function.Spec{
+		Params: []function.Parameter{
+			{
+				Name: "name",
+				Type: cty.String,
+			},
+		},
+		Type: function.StaticReturnType(cty.String),
+		Impl: func(args []cty.Value, retType cty.Type) (cty.Value, error) {
+			in := args[0].AsString()
+			// only [a-zA-Z0-9_-]+ is allowed
+			var b strings.Builder
+			for _, r := range in {
+				if r >= 'a' && r <= 'z' || r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z' || r >= '0' && r <= '9' || r == '_' || r == '-' {
+					b.WriteRune(r)
+				} else {
+					b.WriteRune('_')
+				}
+			}
+			return cty.StringVal(b.String()), nil
+		},
+	})
+}
 
 // timestampFunc constructs a function that returns a string representation of the current date and time.
 //
 // This function was imported from terraform's datetime utilities.
-var timestampFunc = function.New(&function.Spec{
-	Params: []function.Parameter{},
-	Type:   function.StaticReturnType(cty.String),
-	Impl: func(args []cty.Value, retType cty.Type) (cty.Value, error) {
-		return cty.StringVal(time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)), nil
-	},
-})
+func timestampFunc() function.Function {
+	return function.New(&function.Spec{
+		Params: []function.Parameter{},
+		Type:   function.StaticReturnType(cty.String),
+		Impl: func(args []cty.Value, retType cty.Type) (cty.Value, error) {
+			return cty.StringVal(time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)), nil
+		},
+	})
+}
 
 func Stdlib() map[string]function.Function {
 	funcs := make(map[string]function.Function, len(stdlibFunctions))
-	for k, v := range stdlibFunctions {
-		funcs[k] = v
+	for _, v := range stdlibFunctions {
+		if v.factory != nil {
+			funcs[v.name] = v.factory()
+		} else {
+			funcs[v.name] = v.fn
+		}
 	}
 	return funcs
 }

bake/hclparser/stdlib_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package hclparser
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
 )
 
@@ -34,16 +35,165 @@ func TestIndexOf(t *testing.T) {
 	for name, test := range tests {
 		name, test := name, test
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := indexOfFunc.Call([]cty.Value{test.input, test.key})
-			if err != nil {
-				if test.wantErr {
-					return
-				}
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
-			}
-			if !got.RawEquals(test.want) {
-				t.Errorf("wrong result\ngot:  %#v\nwant: %#v", got, test.want)
+			got, err := indexOfFunc().Call([]cty.Value{test.input, test.key})
+			if test.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, test.want, got)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestBasename(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		input   cty.Value
+		want    cty.Value
+		wantErr bool
+	}
+	tests := map[string]testCase{
+		"empty": {
+			input: cty.StringVal(""),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("."),
+		},
+		"slash": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("/"),
+		},
+		"simple": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/foo/bar"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("bar"),
+		},
+		"simple no slash": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foo/bar"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("bar"),
+		},
+		"dot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/foo/bar."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("bar."),
+		},
+		"dotdot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/foo/bar.."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("bar.."),
+		},
+		"dotdotdot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/foo/bar..."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("bar..."),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, test := range tests {
+		name, test := name, test
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := basenameFunc().Call([]cty.Value{test.input})
+			if test.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, test.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirname(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		input   cty.Value
+		want    cty.Value
+		wantErr bool
+	}
+	tests := map[string]testCase{
+		"empty": {
+			input: cty.StringVal(""),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("."),
+		},
+		"slash": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("/"),
+		},
+		"simple": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/foo/bar"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("/foo"),
+		},
+		"simple no slash": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foo/bar"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("foo"),
+		},
+		"dot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/foo/bar."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("/foo"),
+		},
+		"dotdot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/foo/bar.."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("/foo"),
+		},
+		"dotdotdot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("/foo/bar..."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("/foo"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, test := range tests {
+		name, test := name, test
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := dirnameFunc().Call([]cty.Value{test.input})
+			if test.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, test.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitize(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		input cty.Value
+		want  cty.Value
+	}
+	tests := map[string]testCase{
+		"empty": {
+			input: cty.StringVal(""),
+			want:  cty.StringVal(""),
+		},
+		"simple": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foo/bar"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("foo_bar"),
+		},
+		"simple no slash": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foobar"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("foobar"),
+		},
+		"dot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foo/bar."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("foo_bar_"),
+		},
+		"dotdot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foo/bar.."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("foo_bar__"),
+		},
+		"dotdotdot": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foo/bar..."),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("foo_bar___"),
+		},
+		"utf8": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foo/🍕bar"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("foo__bar"),
+		},
+		"symbols": {
+			input: cty.StringVal("foo/bar!@(ba+z)"),
+			want:  cty.StringVal("foo_bar___ba_z_"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, test := range tests {
+		name, test := name, test
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := sanitizeFunc().Call([]cty.Value{test.input})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, test.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

build/build.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/dockerutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/imagetools"
@@ -25,13 +27,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/resolver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/waitmap"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
-	imagetypes "github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/jsonmessage"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/exporter/containerimage/exptypes"
 	gateway "github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/gateway/client"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/identity"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/filesync"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb"
 	spb "github.com/moby/buildkit/sourcepolicy/pb"
@@ -42,21 +46,15 @@ import (
 	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil"
+	fstypes "github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil/types"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
-var (
-	errStdinConflict      = errors.New("invalid argument: can't use stdin for both build context and dockerfile")
-	errDockerfileConflict = errors.New("ambiguous Dockerfile source: both stdin and flag correspond to Dockerfiles")
-)
-
 const (
-	//nolint:gosec // G101: false-positive
-	printFallbackImage = "docker/dockerfile:1.5@sha256:dbbd5e059e8a07ff7ea6233b213b36aa516b4c53c645f1817a4dd18b83cbea56"
-	// https://github.com/moby/buildkit/commit/71f99c52a669dc0322b5ea57bc28a09c20427227
-	//nolint:gosec // G101: false-positive
-	printLintFallbackImage = "docker.io/docker/dockerfile-upstream@sha256:47663570b6cc49ed90dc6e3215090a366989ab934d12dc93856a8ae0d27a95e7"
+	printFallbackImage     = "docker/dockerfile:1.5@sha256:dbbd5e059e8a07ff7ea6233b213b36aa516b4c53c645f1817a4dd18b83cbea56"
+	printLintFallbackImage = "docker.io/docker/dockerfile-upstream:1.8.1@sha256:e87caa74dcb7d46cd820352bfea12591f3dba3ddc4285e19c7dcd13359f7cefd"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -84,13 +82,13 @@ type Options struct {
 
 	Session                []session.Attachable
 	Linked                 bool // Linked marks this target as exclusively linked (not requested by the user).
-	PrintFunc              *PrintFunc
-	WithProvenanceResponse bool
+	CallFunc               *CallFunc
+	ProvenanceResponseMode confutil.MetadataProvenanceMode
 	SourcePolicy           *spb.Policy
 	GroupRef               string
 }
 
-type PrintFunc struct {
+type CallFunc struct {
 	Name         string
 	Format       string
 	IgnoreStatus bool
@@ -99,7 +97,7 @@ type PrintFunc struct {
 type Inputs struct {
 	ContextPath      string
 	DockerfilePath   string
-	InStream         io.Reader
+	InStream         *SyncMultiReader
 	ContextState     *llb.State
 	DockerfileInline string
 	NamedContexts    map[string]NamedContext
@@ -171,7 +169,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 		}
 	}
 
-	if noMobyDriver != nil && !noDefaultLoad() && noPrintFunc(opt) {
+	if noMobyDriver != nil && !noDefaultLoad() && noCallFunc(opt) {
 		var noOutputTargets []string
 		for name, opt := range opt {
 			if noMobyDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.DefaultLoad] {
@@ -214,10 +212,13 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 	for k, opt := range opt {
 		multiDriver := len(drivers[k]) > 1
 		hasMobyDriver := false
-		gitattrs, addVCSLocalDir, err := getGitAttributes(ctx, opt.Inputs.ContextPath, opt.Inputs.DockerfilePath)
+		addGitAttrs, err := getGitAttributes(ctx, opt.Inputs.ContextPath, opt.Inputs.DockerfilePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.WithError(err).Warn("current commit information was not captured by the build")
 		}
+		if opt.Ref == "" {
+			opt.Ref = identity.NewID()
+		}
 		var reqn []*reqForNode
 		for _, np := range drivers[k] {
 			if np.Node().Driver.IsMobyDriver() {
@@ -228,16 +229,14 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			so, release, err := toSolveOpt(ctx, np.Node(), multiDriver, opt, gatewayOpts, configDir, addVCSLocalDir, w, docker)
+			so, release, err := toSolveOpt(ctx, np.Node(), multiDriver, opt, gatewayOpts, configDir, w, docker)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			if err := saveLocalState(so, k, opt, np.Node(), configDir); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			for k, v := range gitattrs {
-				so.FrontendAttrs[k] = v
-			}
+			addGitAttrs(so)
 			defers = append(defers, release)
 			reqn = append(reqn, &reqForNode{
 				resolvedNode: np,
@@ -296,6 +295,12 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 		}
 	}
 
+	sharedSessions, err := detectSharedMounts(ctx, reqForNodes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sharedSessionsWG := map[string]*sync.WaitGroup{}
+
 	resp = map[string]*client.SolveResponse{}
 	var respMu sync.Mutex
 	results := waitmap.New()
@@ -304,7 +309,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 	childTargets := calculateChildTargets(reqForNodes, opt)
 
 	for k, opt := range opt {
-		err := func(k string) error {
+		err := func(k string) (err error) {
 			opt := opt
 			dps := drivers[k]
 			multiDriver := len(drivers[k]) > 1
@@ -316,6 +321,12 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 			}
 			baseCtx := ctx
 
+			if multiTarget {
+				defer func() {
+					err = errors.Wrapf(err, "target %s", k)
+				}()
+			}
+
 			res := make([]*client.SolveResponse, len(dps))
 			eg2, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 
@@ -360,7 +371,37 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
+
+				var done func()
+				if sessions, ok := sharedSessions[node.Name]; ok {
+					wg, ok := sharedSessionsWG[node.Name]
+					if ok {
+						wg.Add(1)
+					} else {
+						wg = &sync.WaitGroup{}
+						wg.Add(1)
+						sharedSessionsWG[node.Name] = wg
+						for _, s := range sessions {
+							s := s
+							eg.Go(func() error {
+								return s.Run(baseCtx, c.Dialer())
+							})
+						}
+						go func() {
+							wg.Wait()
+							for _, s := range sessions {
+								s.Close()
+							}
+						}()
+					}
+					done = wg.Done
+				}
+
 				eg2.Go(func() error {
+					if done != nil {
+						defer done()
+					}
+
 					pw = progress.ResetTime(pw)
 
 					if err := waitContextDeps(ctx, dp.driverIndex, results, so); err != nil {
@@ -391,15 +432,15 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 					defer func() { <-done }()
 
 					cc := c
-					var printRes map[string][]byte
+					var callRes map[string][]byte
 					buildFunc := func(ctx context.Context, c gateway.Client) (*gateway.Result, error) {
-						if opt.PrintFunc != nil {
+						if opt.CallFunc != nil {
 							if _, ok := req.FrontendOpt["frontend.caps"]; !ok {
 								req.FrontendOpt["frontend.caps"] = "moby.buildkit.frontend.subrequests+forward"
 							} else {
 								req.FrontendOpt["frontend.caps"] += ",moby.buildkit.frontend.subrequests+forward"
 							}
-							req.FrontendOpt["requestid"] = "frontend." + opt.PrintFunc.Name
+							req.FrontendOpt["requestid"] = "frontend." + opt.CallFunc.Name
 						}
 
 						res, err := c.Solve(ctx, req)
@@ -415,8 +456,8 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 								return nil, err
 							}
 						}
-						if opt.PrintFunc != nil {
-							printRes = res.Metadata
+						if opt.CallFunc != nil {
+							callRes = res.Metadata
 						}
 
 						rKey := resultKey(dp.driverIndex, k)
@@ -472,13 +513,15 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 					if rr.ExporterResponse == nil {
 						rr.ExporterResponse = map[string]string{}
 					}
-					for k, v := range printRes {
+					for k, v := range callRes {
 						rr.ExporterResponse[k] = string(v)
 					}
-					rr.ExporterResponse["buildx.build.ref"] = buildRef
-					if opt.WithProvenanceResponse && node.Driver.HistoryAPISupported(ctx) {
-						if err := setRecordProvenance(ctx, c, rr, so.Ref, pw); err != nil {
-							return err
+					if opt.CallFunc == nil {
+						rr.ExporterResponse["buildx.build.ref"] = buildRef
+						if node.Driver.HistoryAPISupported(ctx) {
+							if err := setRecordProvenance(ctx, c, rr, so.Ref, opt.ProvenanceResponseMode, pw); err != nil {
+								return err
+							}
 						}
 					}
 
@@ -528,6 +571,13 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 						tracing.FinishWithError(span, err)
 					}
 				}()
+
+				if multiTarget {
+					defer func() {
+						err = errors.Wrapf(err, "target %s", k)
+					}()
+				}
+
 				pw := progress.WithPrefix(w, "default", false)
 				if err := eg2.Wait(); err != nil {
 					return err
@@ -541,7 +591,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 				}
 
 				if pushNames != "" {
-					progress.Write(pw, fmt.Sprintf("merging manifest list %s", pushNames), func() error {
+					err := progress.Write(pw, fmt.Sprintf("merging manifest list %s", pushNames), func() error {
 						descs := make([]specs.Descriptor, 0, len(res))
 
 						for _, r := range res {
@@ -610,7 +660,12 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 								}
 							}
 
-							dt, desc, err := itpull.Combine(ctx, srcs, nil)
+							indexAnnotations, err := extractIndexAnnotations(opt.Exports)
+							if err != nil {
+								return err
+							}
+
+							dt, desc, err := itpull.Combine(ctx, srcs, indexAnnotations, false)
 							if err != nil {
 								return err
 							}
@@ -637,6 +692,9 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 						}
 						return nil
 					})
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
 				}
 				return nil
 			})
@@ -655,6 +713,27 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[s
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
+func extractIndexAnnotations(exports []client.ExportEntry) (map[exptypes.AnnotationKey]string, error) {
+	annotations := map[exptypes.AnnotationKey]string{}
+	for _, exp := range exports {
+		for k, v := range exp.Attrs {
+			ak, ok, err := exptypes.ParseAnnotationKey(k)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			switch ak.Type {
+			case exptypes.AnnotationIndex, exptypes.AnnotationManifestDescriptor:
+				annotations[ak] = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return annotations, nil
+}
+
 func pushWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, name string, l progress.SubLogger) error {
 	api := d.Config().DockerAPI
 	if api == nil {
@@ -665,7 +744,7 @@ func pushWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, name string, l pr
 		return err
 	}
 
-	rc, err := api.ImagePush(ctx, name, imagetypes.PushOptions{
+	rc, err := api.ImagePush(ctx, name, image.PushOptions{
 		RegistryAuth: creds,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -744,11 +823,11 @@ func remoteDigestWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, name stri
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	image, _, err := api.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, name)
+	img, _, err := api.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	if len(image.RepoDigests) == 0 {
+	if len(img.RepoDigests) == 0 {
 		return "", nil
 	}
 	remoteImage, err := api.DistributionInspect(ctx, name, creds)
@@ -762,6 +841,124 @@ func resultKey(index int, name string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", index, name)
 }
 
+// detectSharedMounts looks for same local mounts used by multiple requests to the same node
+// and creates a separate session that will be used by all detected requests.
+func detectSharedMounts(ctx context.Context, reqs map[string][]*reqForNode) (_ map[string][]*session.Session, err error) {
+	type fsTracker struct {
+		fs fsutil.FS
+		so []*client.SolveOpt
+	}
+	type fsKey struct {
+		name string
+		dir  string
+	}
+
+	m := map[string]map[fsKey]*fsTracker{}
+	for _, reqs := range reqs {
+		for _, req := range reqs {
+			nodeName := req.resolvedNode.Node().Name
+			if _, ok := m[nodeName]; !ok {
+				m[nodeName] = map[fsKey]*fsTracker{}
+			}
+			fsMap := m[nodeName]
+			for name, m := range req.so.LocalMounts {
+				fs, ok := m.(*fs)
+				if !ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				key := fsKey{name: name, dir: fs.dir}
+				if _, ok := fsMap[key]; !ok {
+					fsMap[key] = &fsTracker{fs: fs.FS}
+				}
+				fsMap[key].so = append(fsMap[key].so, req.so)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	type sharedSession struct {
+		*session.Session
+		fsMap map[string]fsutil.FS
+	}
+
+	sessionMap := map[string][]*sharedSession{}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			for _, sessions := range sessionMap {
+				for _, s := range sessions {
+					s.Close()
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for node, fsMap := range m {
+		for key, fs := range fsMap {
+			if len(fs.so) <= 1 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			sessions := sessionMap[node]
+
+			// find session that doesn't have the fs name reserved
+			idx := slices.IndexFunc(sessions, func(s *sharedSession) bool {
+				_, ok := s.fsMap[key.name]
+				return !ok
+			})
+
+			var ss *sharedSession
+			if idx == -1 {
+				s, err := session.NewSession(ctx, fs.so[0].SharedKey)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				ss = &sharedSession{Session: s, fsMap: map[string]fsutil.FS{}}
+				sessions = append(sessions, ss)
+				sessionMap[node] = sessions
+			} else {
+				ss = sessions[idx]
+			}
+
+			ss.fsMap[key.name] = fs.fs
+			for _, so := range fs.so {
+				if so.FrontendAttrs == nil {
+					so.FrontendAttrs = map[string]string{}
+				}
+				so.FrontendAttrs["local-sessionid:"+key.name] = ss.ID()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	resetUIDAndGID := func(p string, st *fstypes.Stat) fsutil.MapResult {
+		st.Uid = 0
+		st.Gid = 0
+		return fsutil.MapResultKeep
+	}
+
+	// convert back to regular sessions
+	sessions := map[string][]*session.Session{}
+	for n, ss := range sessionMap {
+		arr := make([]*session.Session, 0, len(ss))
+		for _, s := range ss {
+			arr = append(arr, s.Session)
+
+			src := make(filesync.StaticDirSource, len(s.fsMap))
+			for name, fs := range s.fsMap {
+				fs, err := fsutil.NewFilterFS(fs, &fsutil.FilterOpt{
+					Map: resetUIDAndGID,
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				src[name] = fs
+			}
+			s.Allow(filesync.NewFSSyncProvider(src))
+		}
+		sessions[n] = arr
+	}
+	return sessions, nil
+}
+
 // calculateChildTargets returns all the targets that depend on current target for reverse index
 func calculateChildTargets(reqs map[string][]*reqForNode, opt map[string]Options) map[string][]string {
 	out := make(map[string][]string)
@@ -781,11 +978,11 @@ func calculateChildTargets(reqs map[string][]*reqForNode, opt map[string]Options
 }
 
 func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *client.SolveOpt) error {
-	m := map[string]string{}
+	m := map[string][]string{}
 	for k, v := range so.FrontendAttrs {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(k, "context:") && strings.HasPrefix(v, "target:") {
 			target := resultKey(index, strings.TrimPrefix(v, "target:"))
-			m[target] = k
+			m[target] = append(m[target], k)
 		}
 	}
 	if len(m) == 0 {
@@ -800,7 +997,7 @@ func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *c
 		return err
 	}
 
-	for k, v := range m {
+	for k, contexts := range m {
 		r, ok := res[k]
 		if !ok {
 			continue
@@ -815,19 +1012,45 @@ func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *c
 		if so.FrontendInputs == nil {
 			so.FrontendInputs = map[string]llb.State{}
 		}
-		if len(rr.Refs) > 0 {
-			for platform, r := range rr.Refs {
-				st, err := r.ToState()
+
+		for _, v := range contexts {
+			if len(rr.Refs) > 0 {
+				for platform, r := range rr.Refs {
+					st, err := r.ToState()
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					so.FrontendInputs[k+"::"+platform] = st
+					so.FrontendAttrs[v+"::"+platform] = "input:" + k + "::" + platform
+					metadata := make(map[string][]byte)
+					if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey+"/"+platform]; ok {
+						metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey] = dt
+					}
+					if dt, ok := rr.Metadata["containerimage.buildinfo/"+platform]; ok {
+						metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"] = dt
+					}
+					if len(metadata) > 0 {
+						dt, err := json.Marshal(metadata)
+						if err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+						so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k+"::"+platform] = string(dt)
+					}
+				}
+				delete(so.FrontendAttrs, v)
+			}
+			if rr.Ref != nil {
+				st, err := rr.Ref.ToState()
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				so.FrontendInputs[k+"::"+platform] = st
-				so.FrontendAttrs[v+"::"+platform] = "input:" + k + "::" + platform
+				so.FrontendInputs[k] = st
+				so.FrontendAttrs[v] = "input:" + k
 				metadata := make(map[string][]byte)
-				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey+"/"+platform]; ok {
+				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey]; ok {
 					metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey] = dt
 				}
-				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata["containerimage.buildinfo/"+platform]; ok {
+				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"]; ok {
 					metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"] = dt
 				}
 				if len(metadata) > 0 {
@@ -835,32 +1058,9 @@ func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *c
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
-					so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k+"::"+platform] = string(dt)
+					so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k] = string(dt)
 				}
 			}
-			delete(so.FrontendAttrs, v)
-		}
-		if rr.Ref != nil {
-			st, err := rr.Ref.ToState()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			so.FrontendInputs[k] = st
-			so.FrontendAttrs[v] = "input:" + k
-			metadata := make(map[string][]byte)
-			if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey]; ok {
-				metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey] = dt
-			}
-			if dt, ok := rr.Metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"]; ok {
-				metadata["containerimage.buildinfo"] = dt
-			}
-			if len(metadata) > 0 {
-				dt, err := json.Marshal(metadata)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k] = string(dt)
-			}
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -906,9 +1106,9 @@ func fallbackPrintError(err error, req gateway.SolveRequest) (gateway.SolveReque
 	return req, false
 }
 
-func noPrintFunc(opt map[string]Options) bool {
+func noCallFunc(opt map[string]Options) bool {
 	for _, v := range opt {
-		if v.PrintFunc != nil {
+		if v.CallFunc != nil {
 			return false
 		}
 	}

build/dial.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	stderrors "errors"
 	"net"
 
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"

build/driver.go

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ package build
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
@@ -46,10 +47,22 @@ func (dp resolvedNode) BuildOpts(ctx context.Context) (gateway.BuildOpts, error)
 
 type matchMaker func(specs.Platform) platforms.MatchComparer
 
+type cachedGroup[T any] struct {
+	g       flightcontrol.Group[T]
+	cache   map[int]T
+	cacheMu sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func newCachedGroup[T any]() cachedGroup[T] {
+	return cachedGroup[T]{
+		cache: map[int]T{},
+	}
+}
+
 type nodeResolver struct {
-	nodes   []builder.Node
-	clients flightcontrol.Group[*client.Client]
-	opt     flightcontrol.Group[gateway.BuildOpts]
+	nodes     []builder.Node
+	clients   cachedGroup[*client.Client]
+	buildOpts cachedGroup[gateway.BuildOpts]
 }
 
 func resolveDrivers(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[string]Options, pw progress.Writer) (map[string][]*resolvedNode, error) {
@@ -63,7 +76,9 @@ func resolveDrivers(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[string]Op
 
 func newDriverResolver(nodes []builder.Node) *nodeResolver {
 	r := &nodeResolver{
-		nodes: nodes,
+		nodes:     nodes,
+		clients:   newCachedGroup[*client.Client](),
+		buildOpts: newCachedGroup[gateway.BuildOpts](),
 	}
 	return r
 }
@@ -179,6 +194,7 @@ func (r *nodeResolver) resolve(ctx context.Context, ps []specs.Platform, pw prog
 			resolver:    r,
 			driverIndex: 0,
 		})
+		nodeIdxs = append(nodeIdxs, 0)
 	} else {
 		for i, idx := range nodeIdxs {
 			node := &resolvedNode{
@@ -237,11 +253,24 @@ func (r *nodeResolver) boot(ctx context.Context, idxs []int, pw progress.Writer)
 	for i, idx := range idxs {
 		i, idx := i, idx
 		eg.Go(func() error {
-			c, err := r.clients.Do(ctx, fmt.Sprint(idx), func(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
+			c, err := r.clients.g.Do(ctx, fmt.Sprint(idx), func(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
 				if r.nodes[idx].Driver == nil {
 					return nil, nil
 				}
-				return driver.Boot(ctx, baseCtx, r.nodes[idx].Driver, pw)
+				r.clients.cacheMu.Lock()
+				c, ok := r.clients.cache[idx]
+				r.clients.cacheMu.Unlock()
+				if ok {
+					return c, nil
+				}
+				c, err := driver.Boot(ctx, baseCtx, r.nodes[idx].Driver, pw)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				r.clients.cacheMu.Lock()
+				r.clients.cache[idx] = c
+				r.clients.cacheMu.Unlock()
+				return c, nil
 			})
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -272,14 +301,25 @@ func (r *nodeResolver) opts(ctx context.Context, idxs []int, pw progress.Writer)
 			continue
 		}
 		eg.Go(func() error {
-			opt, err := r.opt.Do(ctx, fmt.Sprint(idx), func(ctx context.Context) (gateway.BuildOpts, error) {
-				opt := gateway.BuildOpts{}
+			opt, err := r.buildOpts.g.Do(ctx, fmt.Sprint(idx), func(ctx context.Context) (gateway.BuildOpts, error) {
+				r.buildOpts.cacheMu.Lock()
+				opt, ok := r.buildOpts.cache[idx]
+				r.buildOpts.cacheMu.Unlock()
+				if ok {
+					return opt, nil
+				}
 				_, err := c.Build(ctx, client.SolveOpt{
 					Internal: true,
 				}, "buildx", func(ctx context.Context, c gateway.Client) (*gateway.Result, error) {
 					opt = c.BuildOpts()
 					return nil, nil
 				}, nil)
+				if err != nil {
+					return gateway.BuildOpts{}, err
+				}
+				r.buildOpts.cacheMu.Lock()
+				r.buildOpts.cache[idx] = opt
+				r.buildOpts.cacheMu.Unlock()
 				return opt, err
 			})
 			if err != nil {

build/driver_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"

build/git.go

@@ -17,10 +17,19 @@ import (
 
 const DockerfileLabel = "com.docker.image.source.entrypoint"
 
-func getGitAttributes(ctx context.Context, contextPath string, dockerfilePath string) (map[string]string, func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt), error) {
-	res := make(map[string]string)
+type gitAttrsAppendFunc func(so *client.SolveOpt)
+
+func gitAppendNoneFunc(_ *client.SolveOpt) {}
+
+func getGitAttributes(ctx context.Context, contextPath, dockerfilePath string) (f gitAttrsAppendFunc, err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if f == nil {
+			f = gitAppendNoneFunc
+		}
+	}()
+
 	if contextPath == "" {
-		return nil, nil, nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	setGitLabels := false
@@ -39,7 +48,7 @@ func getGitAttributes(ctx context.Context, contextPath string, dockerfilePath st
 	}
 
 	if !setGitLabels && !setGitInfo {
-		return nil, nil, nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	// figure out in which directory the git command needs to run in
@@ -54,25 +63,27 @@ func getGitAttributes(ctx context.Context, contextPath string, dockerfilePath st
 	gitc, err := gitutil.New(gitutil.WithContext(ctx), gitutil.WithWorkingDir(wd))
 	if err != nil {
 		if st, err1 := os.Stat(path.Join(wd, ".git")); err1 == nil && st.IsDir() {
-			return res, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "git was not found in the system")
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "git was not found in the system")
 		}
-		return nil, nil, nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	if !gitc.IsInsideWorkTree() {
 		if st, err := os.Stat(path.Join(wd, ".git")); err == nil && st.IsDir() {
-			return res, nil, errors.New("failed to read current commit information with git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree")
+			return nil, errors.New("failed to read current commit information with git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree")
 		}
-		return nil, nil, nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	root, err := gitc.RootDir()
 	if err != nil {
-		return res, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get git root dir")
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get git root dir")
 	}
 
+	res := make(map[string]string)
+
 	if sha, err := gitc.FullCommit(); err != nil && !gitutil.IsUnknownRevision(err) {
-		return res, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get git commit")
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get git commit")
 	} else if sha != "" {
 		checkDirty := false
 		if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_GIT_CHECK_DIRTY"); ok {
@@ -112,20 +123,38 @@ func getGitAttributes(ctx context.Context, contextPath string, dockerfilePath st
 		}
 	}
 
-	return res, func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt) {
+	return func(so *client.SolveOpt) {
+		if so.FrontendAttrs == nil {
+			so.FrontendAttrs = make(map[string]string)
+		}
+		for k, v := range res {
+			so.FrontendAttrs[k] = v
+		}
+
 		if !setGitInfo || root == "" {
 			return
 		}
-		dir, err := filepath.Abs(dir)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-		if lp, err := osutil.GetLongPathName(dir); err == nil {
-			dir = lp
-		}
-		dir = osutil.SanitizePath(dir)
-		if r, err := filepath.Rel(root, dir); err == nil && !strings.HasPrefix(r, "..") {
-			so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:"+key] = r
+
+		for key, mount := range so.LocalMounts {
+			fs, ok := mount.(*fs)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			dir, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(fs.dir) // keep same behavior as fsutil.NewFS
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			dir, err = filepath.Abs(dir)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if lp, err := osutil.GetLongPathName(dir); err == nil {
+				dir = lp
+			}
+			dir = osutil.SanitizePath(dir)
+			if r, err := filepath.Rel(root, dir); err == nil && !strings.HasPrefix(r, "..") {
+				so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:"+key] = r
+			}
 		}
 	}, nil
 }

build/git_test.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func setupTest(tb testing.TB) {
 }
 
 func TestGetGitAttributesNotGitRepo(t *testing.T) {
-	_, _, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), t.TempDir(), "Dockerfile")
+	_, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), t.TempDir(), "Dockerfile")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
@@ -39,16 +39,18 @@ func TestGetGitAttributesBadGitRepo(t *testing.T) {
 	tmp := t.TempDir()
 	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path.Join(tmp, ".git"), 0755))
 
-	_, _, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), tmp, "Dockerfile")
+	_, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), tmp, "Dockerfile")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestGetGitAttributesNoContext(t *testing.T) {
 	setupTest(t)
 
-	gitattrs, _, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), "", "Dockerfile")
+	addGitAttrs, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), "", "Dockerfile")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Empty(t, gitattrs)
+	var so client.SolveOpt
+	addGitAttrs(&so)
+	assert.Empty(t, so.FrontendAttrs)
 }
 
 func TestGetGitAttributes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -115,15 +117,17 @@ func TestGetGitAttributes(t *testing.T) {
 			if tt.envGitInfo != "" {
 				t.Setenv("BUILDX_GIT_INFO", tt.envGitInfo)
 			}
-			gitattrs, _, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "Dockerfile")
+			addGitAttrs, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "Dockerfile")
 			require.NoError(t, err)
+			var so client.SolveOpt
+			addGitAttrs(&so)
 			for _, e := range tt.expected {
-				assert.Contains(t, gitattrs, e)
-				assert.NotEmpty(t, gitattrs[e])
+				assert.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, e)
+				assert.NotEmpty(t, so.FrontendAttrs[e])
 				if e == "label:"+DockerfileLabel {
-					assert.Equal(t, "Dockerfile", gitattrs[e])
+					assert.Equal(t, "Dockerfile", so.FrontendAttrs[e])
 				} else if e == "label:"+specs.AnnotationSource || e == "vcs:source" {
-					assert.Equal(t, "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git", gitattrs[e])
+					assert.Equal(t, "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git", so.FrontendAttrs[e])
 				}
 			}
 		})
@@ -140,20 +144,25 @@ func TestGetGitAttributesDirty(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join("dir", "Dockerfile"), df, 0644))
 
 	t.Setenv("BUILDX_GIT_LABELS", "true")
-	gitattrs, _, _ := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "Dockerfile")
-	assert.Equal(t, 5, len(gitattrs))
+	addGitAttrs, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "Dockerfile")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	assert.Contains(t, gitattrs, "label:"+DockerfileLabel)
-	assert.Equal(t, "Dockerfile", gitattrs["label:"+DockerfileLabel])
-	assert.Contains(t, gitattrs, "label:"+specs.AnnotationSource)
-	assert.Equal(t, "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git", gitattrs["label:"+specs.AnnotationSource])
-	assert.Contains(t, gitattrs, "label:"+specs.AnnotationRevision)
-	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(gitattrs["label:"+specs.AnnotationRevision], "-dirty"))
+	var so client.SolveOpt
+	addGitAttrs(&so)
 
-	assert.Contains(t, gitattrs, "vcs:source")
-	assert.Equal(t, "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git", gitattrs["vcs:source"])
-	assert.Contains(t, gitattrs, "vcs:revision")
-	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(gitattrs["vcs:revision"], "-dirty"))
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, len(so.FrontendAttrs))
+
+	assert.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "label:"+DockerfileLabel)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Dockerfile", so.FrontendAttrs["label:"+DockerfileLabel])
+	assert.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "label:"+specs.AnnotationSource)
+	assert.Equal(t, "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git", so.FrontendAttrs["label:"+specs.AnnotationSource])
+	assert.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "label:"+specs.AnnotationRevision)
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(so.FrontendAttrs["label:"+specs.AnnotationRevision], "-dirty"))
+
+	assert.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:source")
+	assert.Equal(t, "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:source"])
+	assert.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:revision")
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:revision"], "-dirty"))
 }
 
 func TestLocalDirs(t *testing.T) {
@@ -163,15 +172,17 @@ func TestLocalDirs(t *testing.T) {
 		FrontendAttrs: map[string]string{},
 	}
 
-	_, addVCSLocalDir, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "Dockerfile")
+	addGitAttrs, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "Dockerfile")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, addVCSLocalDir)
 
-	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("context", ".", so, addVCSLocalDir))
+	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("context", ".", so))
+	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("dockerfile", ".", so))
+
+	addGitAttrs(so)
+
 	require.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:localdir:context")
 	assert.Equal(t, ".", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:context"])
 
-	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("dockerfile", ".", so, addVCSLocalDir))
 	require.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:localdir:dockerfile")
 	assert.Equal(t, ".", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:dockerfile"])
 }
@@ -194,16 +205,17 @@ func TestLocalDirsSub(t *testing.T) {
 	so := &client.SolveOpt{
 		FrontendAttrs: map[string]string{},
 	}
+	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("context", ".", so))
+	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("dockerfile", "app", so))
 
-	_, addVCSLocalDir, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "app/Dockerfile")
+	addGitAttrs, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), ".", "app/Dockerfile")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, addVCSLocalDir)
 
-	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("context", ".", so, addVCSLocalDir))
+	addGitAttrs(so)
+
 	require.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:localdir:context")
 	assert.Equal(t, ".", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:context"])
 
-	require.NoError(t, setLocalMount("dockerfile", "app", so, addVCSLocalDir))
 	require.Contains(t, so.FrontendAttrs, "vcs:localdir:dockerfile")
 	assert.Equal(t, "app", so.FrontendAttrs["vcs:localdir:dockerfile"])
 }

build/invoke.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func NewContainer(ctx context.Context, resultCtx *ResultHandle, cfg *controllera
 				cancel()
 			}()
 
-			containerCfg, err := resultCtx.getContainerConfig(ctx, c, cfg)
+			containerCfg, err := resultCtx.getContainerConfig(cfg)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}

build/localstate.go

@@ -15,29 +15,29 @@ func saveLocalState(so *client.SolveOpt, target string, opts Options, node build
 	}
 	lp := opts.Inputs.ContextPath
 	dp := opts.Inputs.DockerfilePath
-	if lp != "" || dp != "" {
-		if lp != "" {
-			lp, err = filepath.Abs(lp)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		if dp != "" {
-			dp, err = filepath.Abs(dp)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		l, err := localstate.New(configDir)
+	if dp != "" && !IsRemoteURL(lp) && lp != "-" && dp != "-" {
+		dp, err = filepath.Abs(dp)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		return l.SaveRef(node.Builder, node.Name, so.Ref, localstate.State{
-			Target:         target,
-			LocalPath:      lp,
-			DockerfilePath: dp,
-			GroupRef:       opts.GroupRef,
-		})
 	}
-	return nil
+	if lp != "" && !IsRemoteURL(lp) && lp != "-" {
+		lp, err = filepath.Abs(lp)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if lp == "" && dp == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	l, err := localstate.New(configDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return l.SaveRef(node.Builder, node.Name, so.Ref, localstate.State{
+		Target:         target,
+		LocalPath:      lp,
+		DockerfilePath: dp,
+		GroupRef:       opts.GroupRef,
+	})
 }

build/opt.go

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 package build
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content/local"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
@@ -20,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/dockerutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/osutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/builder/remotecontext/urlutil"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/ociindex"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil"
 )
 
-func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Options, bopts gateway.BuildOpts, configDir string, addVCSLocalDir func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt), pw progress.Writer, docker *dockerutil.Client) (_ *client.SolveOpt, release func(), err error) {
+func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Options, bopts gateway.BuildOpts, configDir string, pw progress.Writer, docker *dockerutil.Client) (_ *client.SolveOpt, release func(), err error) {
 	nodeDriver := node.Driver
 	defers := make([]func(), 0, 2)
 	releaseF := func() {
@@ -105,10 +105,6 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Op
 		SourcePolicy:        opt.SourcePolicy,
 	}
 
-	if so.Ref == "" {
-		so.Ref = identity.NewID()
-	}
-
 	if opt.CgroupParent != "" {
 		so.FrontendAttrs["cgroup-parent"] = opt.CgroupParent
 	}
@@ -162,7 +158,7 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Op
 	case 1:
 		// valid
 	case 0:
-		if !noDefaultLoad() {
+		if !noDefaultLoad() && opt.CallFunc == nil {
 			if nodeDriver.IsMobyDriver() {
 				// backwards compat for docker driver only:
 				// this ensures the build results in a docker image.
@@ -259,25 +255,23 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Op
 		if e.Type == "docker" || e.Type == "image" || e.Type == "oci" {
 			// inline buildinfo attrs from build arg
 			if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_INLINE_BUILDINFO_ATTRS"]; ok {
-				e.Attrs["buildinfo-attrs"] = v
+				opt.Exports[i].Attrs["buildinfo-attrs"] = v
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	so.Exports = opt.Exports
-	so.Session = opt.Session
+	so.Session = slices.Clone(opt.Session)
 
-	releaseLoad, err := loadInputs(ctx, nodeDriver, opt.Inputs, addVCSLocalDir, pw, &so)
+	releaseLoad, err := loadInputs(ctx, nodeDriver, opt.Inputs, pw, &so)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	defers = append(defers, releaseLoad)
 
-	if sharedKey := so.LocalDirs["context"]; sharedKey != "" {
-		if p, err := filepath.Abs(sharedKey); err == nil {
-			sharedKey = filepath.Base(p)
-		}
-		so.SharedKey = sharedKey + ":" + confutil.TryNodeIdentifier(configDir)
+	// add node identifier to shared key if one was specified
+	if so.SharedKey != "" {
+		so.SharedKey += ":" + confutil.TryNodeIdentifier(configDir)
 	}
 
 	if opt.Pull {
@@ -354,15 +348,15 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Op
 		so.FrontendAttrs["ulimit"] = ulimits
 	}
 
-	// mark info request as internal
-	if opt.PrintFunc != nil {
+	// mark call request as internal
+	if opt.CallFunc != nil {
 		so.Internal = true
 	}
 
 	return &so, releaseF, nil
 }
 
-func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSLocalDir func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt), pw progress.Writer, target *client.SolveOpt) (func(), error) {
+func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, pw progress.Writer, target *client.SolveOpt) (func(), error) {
 	if inp.ContextPath == "" {
 		return nil, errors.New("please specify build context (e.g. \".\" for the current directory)")
 	}
@@ -371,7 +365,7 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 
 	var (
 		err              error
-		dockerfileReader io.Reader
+		dockerfileReader io.ReadCloser
 		dockerfileDir    string
 		dockerfileName   = inp.DockerfilePath
 		toRemove         []string
@@ -386,11 +380,11 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 		target.FrontendInputs["dockerfile"] = *inp.ContextState
 	case inp.ContextPath == "-":
 		if inp.DockerfilePath == "-" {
-			return nil, errStdinConflict
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid argument: can't use stdin for both build context and dockerfile")
 		}
 
-		buf := bufio.NewReader(inp.InStream)
-		magic, err := buf.Peek(archiveHeaderSize * 2)
+		rc := inp.InStream.NewReadCloser()
+		magic, err := inp.InStream.Peek(archiveHeaderSize * 2)
 		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to peek context header from STDIN")
 		}
@@ -398,28 +392,33 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 			if isArchive(magic) {
 				// stdin is context
 				up := uploadprovider.New()
-				target.FrontendAttrs["context"] = up.Add(buf)
+				target.FrontendAttrs["context"] = up.Add(rc)
 				target.Session = append(target.Session, up)
 			} else {
 				if inp.DockerfilePath != "" {
-					return nil, errDockerfileConflict
+					return nil, errors.Errorf("ambiguous Dockerfile source: both stdin and flag correspond to Dockerfiles")
 				}
 				// stdin is dockerfile
-				dockerfileReader = buf
+				dockerfileReader = rc
 				inp.ContextPath, _ = os.MkdirTemp("", "empty-dir")
 				toRemove = append(toRemove, inp.ContextPath)
-				if err := setLocalMount("context", inp.ContextPath, target, addVCSLocalDir); err != nil {
+				if err := setLocalMount("context", inp.ContextPath, target); err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	case osutil.IsLocalDir(inp.ContextPath):
-		if err := setLocalMount("context", inp.ContextPath, target, addVCSLocalDir); err != nil {
+		if err := setLocalMount("context", inp.ContextPath, target); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		sharedKey := inp.ContextPath
+		if p, err := filepath.Abs(sharedKey); err == nil {
+			sharedKey = filepath.Base(p)
+		}
+		target.SharedKey = sharedKey
 		switch inp.DockerfilePath {
 		case "-":
-			dockerfileReader = inp.InStream
+			dockerfileReader = inp.InStream.NewReadCloser()
 		case "":
 			dockerfileDir = inp.ContextPath
 		default:
@@ -428,7 +427,7 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 		}
 	case IsRemoteURL(inp.ContextPath):
 		if inp.DockerfilePath == "-" {
-			dockerfileReader = inp.InStream
+			dockerfileReader = inp.InStream.NewReadCloser()
 		} else if filepath.IsAbs(inp.DockerfilePath) {
 			dockerfileDir = filepath.Dir(inp.DockerfilePath)
 			dockerfileName = filepath.Base(inp.DockerfilePath)
@@ -440,11 +439,11 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 	}
 
 	if inp.DockerfileInline != "" {
-		dockerfileReader = strings.NewReader(inp.DockerfileInline)
+		dockerfileReader = io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(inp.DockerfileInline))
 	}
 
 	if dockerfileReader != nil {
-		dockerfileDir, err = createTempDockerfile(dockerfileReader)
+		dockerfileDir, err = createTempDockerfile(dockerfileReader, inp.InStream)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -452,7 +451,7 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 		dockerfileName = "Dockerfile"
 		target.FrontendAttrs["dockerfilekey"] = "dockerfile"
 	}
-	if urlutil.IsURL(inp.DockerfilePath) {
+	if isHTTPURL(inp.DockerfilePath) {
 		dockerfileDir, err = createTempDockerfileFromURL(ctx, d, inp.DockerfilePath, pw)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -468,7 +467,7 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 	}
 
 	if dockerfileDir != "" {
-		if err := setLocalMount("dockerfile", dockerfileDir, target, addVCSLocalDir); err != nil {
+		if err := setLocalMount("dockerfile", dockerfileDir, target); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		dockerfileName = handleLowercaseDockerfile(dockerfileDir, dockerfileName)
@@ -494,45 +493,18 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 
 		// handle OCI layout
 		if strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "oci-layout://") {
-			pathAlone := strings.TrimPrefix(v.Path, "oci-layout://")
-			localPath := pathAlone
+			localPath := strings.TrimPrefix(v.Path, "oci-layout://")
 			localPath, dig, hasDigest := strings.Cut(localPath, "@")
 			localPath, tag, hasTag := strings.Cut(localPath, ":")
 			if !hasTag {
 				tag = "latest"
-				hasTag = true
 			}
-			idx := ociindex.NewStoreIndex(localPath)
 			if !hasDigest {
-				// lookup by name
-				desc, err := idx.Get(tag)
+				dig, err = resolveDigest(localPath, tag)
 				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				if desc != nil {
-					dig = string(desc.Digest)
-					hasDigest = true
+					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "oci-layout reference %q could not be resolved", v.Path)
 				}
 			}
-			if !hasDigest {
-				// lookup single
-				desc, err := idx.GetSingle()
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				if desc != nil {
-					dig = string(desc.Digest)
-					hasDigest = true
-				}
-			}
-			if !hasDigest {
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("oci-layout reference %q could not be resolved", v.Path)
-			}
-			_, err := digest.Parse(dig)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid oci-layout digest %s", dig)
-			}
-
 			store, err := local.NewStore(localPath)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid store at %s", localPath)
@@ -543,15 +515,7 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 			}
 			target.OCIStores[storeName] = store
 
-			layout := "oci-layout://" + storeName
-			if hasTag {
-				layout += ":" + tag
-			}
-			if hasDigest {
-				layout += "@" + dig
-			}
-
-			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = layout
+			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "oci-layout://" + storeName + ":" + tag + "@" + dig
 			continue
 		}
 		st, err := os.Stat(v.Path)
@@ -565,7 +529,7 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 		if k == "context" || k == "dockerfile" {
 			localName = "_" + k // underscore to avoid collisions
 		}
-		if err := setLocalMount(localName, v.Path, target, addVCSLocalDir); err != nil {
+		if err := setLocalMount(localName, v.Path, target); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "local:" + localName
@@ -573,32 +537,53 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, addVCSL
 
 	release := func() {
 		for _, dir := range toRemove {
-			os.RemoveAll(dir)
+			_ = os.RemoveAll(dir)
 		}
 	}
 	return release, nil
 }
 
-func setLocalMount(name, root string, so *client.SolveOpt, addVCSLocalDir func(key, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt)) error {
-	lm, err := fsutil.NewFS(root)
+func resolveDigest(localPath, tag string) (dig string, _ error) {
+	idx := ociindex.NewStoreIndex(localPath)
+
+	// lookup by name
+	desc, err := idx.Get(tag)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return "", err
 	}
-	root, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(root) // keep same behavior as fsutil.NewFS
+	if desc == nil {
+		// lookup single
+		desc, err = idx.GetSingle()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	if desc == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("failed to resolve digest")
+	}
+
+	dig = string(desc.Digest)
+	_, err = digest.Parse(dig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid digest %s", dig)
+	}
+
+	return dig, nil
+}
+
+func setLocalMount(name, dir string, so *client.SolveOpt) error {
+	lm, err := fsutil.NewFS(dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if so.LocalMounts == nil {
 		so.LocalMounts = map[string]fsutil.FS{}
 	}
-	so.LocalMounts[name] = lm
-	if addVCSLocalDir != nil {
-		addVCSLocalDir(name, root, so)
-	}
+	so.LocalMounts[name] = &fs{FS: lm, dir: dir}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func createTempDockerfile(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
+func createTempDockerfile(r io.Reader, multiReader *SyncMultiReader) (string, error) {
 	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "dockerfile")
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
@@ -608,6 +593,16 @@ func createTempDockerfile(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
+
+	if multiReader != nil {
+		dt, err := io.ReadAll(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		multiReader.Reset(dt)
+		r = bytes.NewReader(dt)
+	}
+
 	if _, err := io.Copy(f, r); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -644,3 +639,10 @@ func handleLowercaseDockerfile(dir, p string) string {
 	}
 	return p
 }
+
+type fs struct {
+	fsutil.FS
+	dir string
+}
+
+var _ fsutil.FS = &fs{}

build/provenance.go

@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ type provenanceBuilder struct {
 	ID string `json:"id,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func setRecordProvenance(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, sr *client.SolveResponse, ref string, pw progress.Writer) error {
-	mode := confutil.MetadataProvenance()
+func setRecordProvenance(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, sr *client.SolveResponse, ref string, mode confutil.MetadataProvenanceMode, pw progress.Writer) error {
 	if mode == confutil.MetadataProvenanceModeDisabled {
 		return nil
 	}

build/replicatedstream.go

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package build
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type SyncMultiReader struct {
+	source  *bufio.Reader
+	buffer  []byte
+	static  []byte
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	cond    *sync.Cond
+	readers []*syncReader
+	err     error
+	offset  int
+}
+
+type syncReader struct {
+	mr     *SyncMultiReader
+	offset int
+	closed bool
+}
+
+func NewSyncMultiReader(source io.Reader) *SyncMultiReader {
+	mr := &SyncMultiReader{
+		source: bufio.NewReader(source),
+		buffer: make([]byte, 0, 32*1024),
+	}
+	mr.cond = sync.NewCond(&mr.mu)
+	return mr
+}
+
+func (mr *SyncMultiReader) Peek(n int) ([]byte, error) {
+	mr.mu.Lock()
+	defer mr.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if mr.static != nil {
+		return mr.static[min(n, len(mr.static)):], nil
+	}
+
+	return mr.source.Peek(n)
+}
+
+func (mr *SyncMultiReader) Reset(dt []byte) {
+	mr.mu.Lock()
+	defer mr.mu.Unlock()
+
+	mr.static = dt
+}
+
+func (mr *SyncMultiReader) NewReadCloser() io.ReadCloser {
+	mr.mu.Lock()
+	defer mr.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if mr.static != nil {
+		return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(mr.static))
+	}
+
+	reader := &syncReader{
+		mr: mr,
+	}
+	mr.readers = append(mr.readers, reader)
+	return reader
+}
+
+func (sr *syncReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	sr.mr.mu.Lock()
+	defer sr.mr.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return sr.read(p)
+}
+
+func (sr *syncReader) read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	end := sr.mr.offset + len(sr.mr.buffer)
+
+loop0:
+	for {
+		if sr.closed {
+			return 0, io.EOF
+		}
+
+		end := sr.mr.offset + len(sr.mr.buffer)
+
+		if sr.mr.err != nil && sr.offset == end {
+			return 0, sr.mr.err
+		}
+
+		start := sr.offset - sr.mr.offset
+
+		dt := sr.mr.buffer[start:]
+
+		if len(dt) > 0 {
+			n := copy(p, dt)
+			sr.offset += n
+			sr.mr.cond.Broadcast()
+			return n, nil
+		}
+
+		// check for readers that have not caught up
+		hasOpen := false
+		for _, r := range sr.mr.readers {
+			if !r.closed {
+				hasOpen = true
+			} else {
+				continue
+			}
+			if r.offset < end {
+				sr.mr.cond.Wait()
+				continue loop0
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !hasOpen {
+			return 0, io.EOF
+		}
+		break
+	}
+
+	last := sr.mr.offset + len(sr.mr.buffer)
+	// another reader has already updated the buffer
+	if last > end || sr.mr.err != nil {
+		return sr.read(p)
+	}
+
+	sr.mr.offset += len(sr.mr.buffer)
+
+	sr.mr.buffer = sr.mr.buffer[:cap(sr.mr.buffer)]
+	n, err := sr.mr.source.Read(sr.mr.buffer)
+	if n >= 0 {
+		sr.mr.buffer = sr.mr.buffer[:n]
+	} else {
+		sr.mr.buffer = sr.mr.buffer[:0]
+	}
+
+	sr.mr.cond.Broadcast()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		sr.mr.err = err
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	nn := copy(p, sr.mr.buffer)
+	sr.offset += nn
+
+	return nn, nil
+}
+
+func (sr *syncReader) Close() error {
+	sr.mr.mu.Lock()
+	defer sr.mr.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if sr.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	sr.closed = true
+
+	sr.mr.cond.Broadcast()
+
+	return nil
+}

build/replicatedstream_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package build
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"io"
+	mathrand "math/rand"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func generateRandomData(size int) []byte {
+	data := make([]byte, size)
+	rand.Read(data)
+	return data
+}
+func TestSyncMultiReaderParallel(t *testing.T) {
+	data := generateRandomData(1024 * 1024)
+	source := bytes.NewReader(data)
+	mr := NewSyncMultiReader(source)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	numReaders := 10
+	bufferSize := 4096 * 4
+
+	readers := make([]io.ReadCloser, numReaders)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numReaders; i++ {
+		readers[i] = mr.NewReadCloser()
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < numReaders; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(readerId int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			reader := readers[readerId]
+			defer reader.Close()
+
+			totalRead := 0
+			buf := make([]byte, bufferSize)
+			for totalRead < len(data) {
+				// Simulate random read sizes
+				readSize := mathrand.Intn(bufferSize) //nolint:gosec
+				n, err := reader.Read(buf[:readSize])
+
+				if n > 0 {
+					assert.Equal(t, data[totalRead:totalRead+n], buf[:n], "Reader %d mismatch", readerId)
+					totalRead += n
+				}
+
+				if err == io.EOF {
+					assert.Equal(t, len(data), totalRead, "Reader %d EOF mismatch", readerId)
+					return
+				}
+
+				require.NoError(t, err, "Reader %d error", readerId)
+
+				if mathrand.Intn(1000) == 0 { //nolint:gosec
+					t.Logf("Reader %d closing", readerId)
+					// Simulate random close
+					return
+				}
+
+				// Simulate random timing between reads
+				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(mathrand.Intn(5))) //nolint:gosec
+			}
+
+			assert.Equal(t, len(data), totalRead, "Reader %d total read mismatch", readerId)
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}

build/result.go

@@ -292,10 +292,10 @@ func (r *ResultHandle) build(buildFunc gateway.BuildFunc) (err error) {
 	return err
 }
 
-func (r *ResultHandle) getContainerConfig(ctx context.Context, c gateway.Client, cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (containerCfg gateway.NewContainerRequest, _ error) {
+func (r *ResultHandle) getContainerConfig(cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (containerCfg gateway.NewContainerRequest, _ error) {
 	if r.res != nil && r.solveErr == nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("creating container from successful build")
-		ccfg, err := containerConfigFromResult(ctx, r.res, c, *cfg)
+		ccfg, err := containerConfigFromResult(r.res, *cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return containerCfg, err
 		}
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ func (r *ResultHandle) getProcessConfig(cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig, stdin i
 	return processCfg, nil
 }
 
-func containerConfigFromResult(ctx context.Context, res *gateway.Result, c gateway.Client, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (*gateway.NewContainerRequest, error) {
+func containerConfigFromResult(res *gateway.Result, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (*gateway.NewContainerRequest, error) {
 	if cfg.Initial {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("starting from the container from the initial state of the step is supported only on the failed steps")
 	}

build/utils.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/builder/remotecontext/urlutil"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/gitutil"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -26,8 +25,15 @@ const (
 	mobyHostGatewayName = "host-gateway"
 )
 
+// isHTTPURL returns true if the provided str is an HTTP(S) URL by checking if it
+// has a http:// or https:// scheme. No validation is performed to verify if the
+// URL is well-formed.
+func isHTTPURL(str string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(str, "https://") || strings.HasPrefix(str, "http://")
+}
+
 func IsRemoteURL(c string) bool {
-	if urlutil.IsURL(c) {
+	if isHTTPURL(c) {
 		return true
 	}
 	if _, err := gitutil.ParseGitRef(c); err == nil {

builder/builder.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package builder
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/csv"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/progress/progressui"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+	"github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
@@ -601,8 +601,7 @@ func csvToMap(in []string) (map[string]string, error) {
 	}
 	m := make(map[string]string, len(in))
 	for _, s := range in {
-		csvReader := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(s))
-		fields, err := csvReader.Read()
+		fields, err := csvvalue.Fields(s, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}

builder/node.go

@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
-	ctxkube "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/kubernetes/context"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/dockerutil"
@@ -18,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/grpcerrors"
 	ocispecs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 )
@@ -48,8 +46,9 @@ func (b *Builder) Nodes() []Node {
 type LoadNodesOption func(*loadNodesOptions)
 
 type loadNodesOptions struct {
-	data     bool
-	dialMeta map[string][]string
+	data      bool
+	dialMeta  map[string][]string
+	clientOpt []client.ClientOpt
 }
 
 func WithData() LoadNodesOption {
@@ -64,6 +63,12 @@ func WithDialMeta(dialMeta map[string][]string) LoadNodesOption {
 	}
 }
 
+func WithClientOpt(clientOpt ...client.ClientOpt) LoadNodesOption {
+	return func(o *loadNodesOptions) {
+		o.clientOpt = clientOpt
+	}
+}
+
 // LoadNodes loads and returns nodes for this builder.
 // TODO: this should be a method on a Node object and lazy load data for each driver.
 func (b *Builder) LoadNodes(ctx context.Context, opts ...LoadNodesOption) (_ []Node, err error) {
@@ -112,37 +117,19 @@ func (b *Builder) LoadNodes(ctx context.Context, opts ...LoadNodesOption) (_ []N
 					return nil
 				}
 
-				contextStore := b.opts.dockerCli.ContextStore()
-
-				var kcc driver.KubeClientConfig
-				kcc, err = ctxkube.ConfigFromEndpoint(n.Endpoint, contextStore)
-				if err != nil {
-					// err is returned if n.Endpoint is non-context name like "unix:///var/run/docker.sock".
-					// try again with name="default".
-					// FIXME(@AkihiroSuda): n should retain real context name.
-					kcc, err = ctxkube.ConfigFromEndpoint("default", contextStore)
-					if err != nil {
-						logrus.Error(err)
-					}
-				}
-
-				tryToUseKubeConfigInCluster := false
-				if kcc == nil {
-					tryToUseKubeConfigInCluster = true
-				} else {
-					if _, err := kcc.ClientConfig(); err != nil {
-						tryToUseKubeConfigInCluster = true
-					}
-				}
-				if tryToUseKubeConfigInCluster {
-					kccInCluster := driver.KubeClientConfigInCluster{}
-					if _, err := kccInCluster.ClientConfig(); err == nil {
-						logrus.Debug("using kube config in cluster")
-						kcc = kccInCluster
-					}
-				}
-
-				d, err := driver.GetDriver(ctx, driver.BuilderName(n.Name), factory, n.Endpoint, dockerapi, imageopt.Auth, kcc, n.BuildkitdFlags, n.Files, n.DriverOpts, n.Platforms, b.opts.contextPathHash, lno.dialMeta)
+				d, err := driver.GetDriver(ctx, factory, driver.InitConfig{
+					Name:            driver.BuilderName(n.Name),
+					EndpointAddr:    n.Endpoint,
+					DockerAPI:       dockerapi,
+					ContextStore:    b.opts.dockerCli.ContextStore(),
+					BuildkitdFlags:  n.BuildkitdFlags,
+					Files:           n.Files,
+					DriverOpts:      n.DriverOpts,
+					Auth:            imageopt.Auth,
+					Platforms:       n.Platforms,
+					ContextPathHash: b.opts.contextPathHash,
+					DialMeta:        lno.dialMeta,
+				})
 				if err != nil {
 					node.Err = err
 					return nil
@@ -151,7 +138,7 @@ func (b *Builder) LoadNodes(ctx context.Context, opts ...LoadNodesOption) (_ []N
 				node.ImageOpt = imageopt
 
 				if lno.data {
-					if err := node.loadData(ctx); err != nil {
+					if err := node.loadData(ctx, lno.clientOpt...); err != nil {
 						node.Err = err
 					}
 				}
@@ -186,7 +173,7 @@ func (b *Builder) LoadNodes(ctx context.Context, opts ...LoadNodesOption) (_ []N
 						if pl := di.DriverInfo.DynamicNodes[i].Platforms; len(pl) > 0 {
 							diClone.Platforms = pl
 						}
-						nodes = append(nodes, di)
+						nodes = append(nodes, diClone)
 					}
 					dynamicNodes = append(dynamicNodes, di.DriverInfo.DynamicNodes...)
 				}
@@ -247,7 +234,7 @@ func (n *Node) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (n *Node) loadData(ctx context.Context) error {
+func (n *Node) loadData(ctx context.Context, clientOpt ...client.ClientOpt) error {
 	if n.Driver == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -257,7 +244,7 @@ func (n *Node) loadData(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	n.DriverInfo = info
 	if n.DriverInfo.Status == driver.Running {
-		driverClient, err := n.Driver.Client(ctx)
+		driverClient, err := n.Driver.Client(ctx, clientOpt...)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

cmd/buildx/main.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	cliflags "github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/stack"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 
 	//nolint:staticcheck // vendored dependencies may still use this
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/pkg/seed"
@@ -38,10 +40,27 @@ func runStandalone(cmd *command.DockerCli) error {
 	if err := cmd.Initialize(cliflags.NewClientOptions()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer flushMetrics(cmd)
+
 	rootCmd := commands.NewRootCmd(os.Args[0], false, cmd)
 	return rootCmd.Execute()
 }
 
+// flushMetrics will manually flush metrics from the configured
+// meter provider. This is needed when running in standalone mode
+// because the meter provider is initialized by the cli library,
+// but the mechanism for forcing it to report is not presently
+// exposed and not invoked when run in standalone mode.
+// There are plans to fix that in the next release, but this is
+// needed temporarily until the API for this is more thorough.
+func flushMetrics(cmd *command.DockerCli) {
+	if mp, ok := cmd.MeterProvider().(command.MeterProvider); ok {
+		if err := mp.ForceFlush(context.Background()); err != nil {
+			otel.Handle(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func runPlugin(cmd *command.DockerCli) error {
 	rootCmd := commands.NewRootCmd("buildx", true, cmd)
 	return plugin.RunPlugin(cmd, rootCmd, manager.Metadata{

cmd/buildx/tracing.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 
-	_ "github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect/delegated"
 	_ "github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/env"
 )
 

codecov.yml

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
 comment: false
+
+ignore:
+  - "**/*.pb.go"

commands/bake.go

@@ -1,24 +1,36 @@
 package commands
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"text/tabwriter"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/console"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/bake"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/bake/hclparser"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/localstate"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/buildflags"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/dockerutil"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/osutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/tracing"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
@@ -26,22 +38,29 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/progress/progressui"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 )
 
 type bakeOptions struct {
-	files      []string
-	overrides  []string
-	printOnly  bool
-	sbom       string
-	provenance string
+	files       []string
+	overrides   []string
+	printOnly   bool
+	listTargets bool
+	listVars    bool
+	sbom        string
+	provenance  string
+	allow       []string
 
 	builder      string
 	metadataFile string
 	exportPush   bool
 	exportLoad   bool
+	callFunc     string
 }
 
 func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in bakeOptions, cFlags commonFlags) (err error) {
+	mp := dockerCli.MeterProvider()
+
 	ctx, end, err := tracing.TraceCurrentCommand(ctx, "bake")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -50,26 +69,16 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 		end(err)
 	}()
 
-	var url string
-	cmdContext := "cwd://"
-
-	if len(targets) > 0 {
-		if build.IsRemoteURL(targets[0]) {
-			url = targets[0]
-			targets = targets[1:]
-			if len(targets) > 0 {
-				if build.IsRemoteURL(targets[0]) {
-					cmdContext = targets[0]
-					targets = targets[1:]
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
+	url, cmdContext, targets := bakeArgs(targets)
 	if len(targets) == 0 {
 		targets = []string{"default"}
 	}
 
+	callFunc, err := buildflags.ParseCallFunc(in.callFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	overrides := in.overrides
 	if in.exportPush {
 		overrides = append(overrides, "*.push=true")
@@ -77,6 +86,9 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 	if in.exportLoad {
 		overrides = append(overrides, "*.load=true")
 	}
+	if callFunc != nil {
+		overrides = append(overrides, fmt.Sprintf("*.call=%s", callFunc.Name))
+	}
 	if cFlags.noCache != nil {
 		overrides = append(overrides, fmt.Sprintf("*.no-cache=%t", *cFlags.noCache))
 	}
@@ -91,6 +103,11 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 	}
 	contextPathHash, _ := os.Getwd()
 
+	ent, err := bake.ParseEntitlements(in.allow)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -98,6 +115,7 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 	var progressConsoleDesc, progressTextDesc string
 
 	// instance only needed for reading remote bake files or building
+	var driverType string
 	if url != "" || !in.printOnly {
 		b, err := builder.New(dockerCli,
 			builder.WithName(in.builder),
@@ -115,32 +133,33 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 		}
 		progressConsoleDesc = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", b.Driver, b.Name)
 		progressTextDesc = fmt.Sprintf("building with %q instance using %s driver", b.Name, b.Driver)
+		driverType = b.Driver
 	}
 
 	var term bool
 	if _, err := console.ConsoleFromFile(os.Stderr); err == nil {
 		term = true
 	}
+	attributes := bakeMetricAttributes(dockerCli, driverType, url, cmdContext, targets, &in)
 
 	progressMode := progressui.DisplayMode(cFlags.progress)
-	printer, err := progress.NewPrinter(ctx2, os.Stderr, progressMode,
-		progress.WithDesc(progressTextDesc, progressConsoleDesc),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
+	var printer *progress.Printer
+
+	makePrinter := func() error {
+		var err error
+		printer, err = progress.NewPrinter(ctx2, os.Stderr, progressMode,
+			progress.WithDesc(progressTextDesc, progressConsoleDesc),
+			progress.WithMetrics(mp, attributes),
+			progress.WithOnClose(func() {
+				printWarnings(os.Stderr, printer.Warnings(), progressMode)
+			}),
+		)
 		return err
 	}
 
-	defer func() {
-		if printer != nil {
-			err1 := printer.Wait()
-			if err == nil {
-				err = err1
-			}
-			if err == nil && progressMode != progressui.QuietMode && progressMode != progressui.RawJSONMode {
-				desktop.PrintBuildDetails(os.Stderr, printer.BuildRefs(), term)
-			}
-		}
-	}()
+	if err := makePrinter(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	files, inp, err := readBakeFiles(ctx, nodes, url, in.files, dockerCli.In(), printer)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -151,12 +170,29 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 		return errors.New("couldn't find a bake definition")
 	}
 
-	tgts, grps, err := bake.ReadTargets(ctx, files, targets, overrides, map[string]string{
+	defaults := map[string]string{
 		// don't forget to update documentation if you add a new
 		// built-in variable: docs/bake-reference.md#built-in-variables
 		"BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT":    cmdContext,
-		"BAKE_LOCAL_PLATFORM": platforms.DefaultString(),
-	})
+		"BAKE_LOCAL_PLATFORM": platforms.Format(platforms.DefaultSpec()),
+	}
+
+	if in.listTargets || in.listVars {
+		cfg, pm, err := bake.ParseFiles(files, defaults)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err = printer.Wait(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if in.listTargets {
+			return printTargetList(dockerCli.Out(), cfg)
+		} else if in.listVars {
+			return printVars(dockerCli.Out(), pm.AllVariables)
+		}
+	}
+
+	tgts, grps, err := bake.ReadTargets(ctx, files, targets, overrides, defaults)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -189,57 +225,183 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 	}
 
 	if in.printOnly {
-		dt, err := json.MarshalIndent(def, "", "  ")
+		if err = printer.Wait(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		dtdef, err := json.MarshalIndent(def, "", "  ")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err = printer.Wait()
-		printer = nil
-		if err != nil {
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out(), string(dtdef))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, opt := range bo {
+		if opt.CallFunc != nil {
+			cf, err := buildflags.ParseCallFunc(opt.CallFunc.Name)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			opt.CallFunc.Name = cf.Name
+		}
+	}
+
+	exp, err := ent.Validate(bo)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := exp.Prompt(ctx, &syncWriter{w: dockerCli.Err(), wait: printer.Wait}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if printer.IsDone() {
+		// init new printer as old one was stopped to show the prompt
+		if err := makePrinter(); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out(), string(dt))
-		return nil
 	}
 
-	groupRef := identity.NewID()
-	var refs []string
-	for k, b := range bo {
-		b.Ref = identity.NewID()
-		b.GroupRef = groupRef
-		b.WithProvenanceResponse = len(in.metadataFile) > 0
-		refs = append(refs, b.Ref)
-		bo[k] = b
-	}
-	dt, err := json.Marshal(def)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := saveLocalStateGroup(dockerCli, groupRef, localstate.StateGroup{
-		Definition: dt,
-		Targets:    targets,
-		Inputs:     overrides,
-		Refs:       refs,
-	}); err != nil {
+	if err := saveLocalStateGroup(dockerCli, in, targets, bo, overrides, def); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	resp, err := build.Build(ctx, nodes, bo, dockerutil.NewClient(dockerCli), confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli), printer)
+	done := timeBuildCommand(mp, attributes)
+	resp, retErr := build.Build(ctx, nodes, bo, dockerutil.NewClient(dockerCli), confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli), printer)
+	if err := printer.Wait(); retErr == nil {
+		retErr = err
+	}
+	if retErr != nil {
+		err = wrapBuildError(retErr, true)
+	}
+	done(err)
+
 	if err != nil {
-		return wrapBuildError(err, true)
+		return err
 	}
 
+	if progressMode != progressui.QuietMode && progressMode != progressui.RawJSONMode {
+		desktop.PrintBuildDetails(os.Stderr, printer.BuildRefs(), term)
+	}
 	if len(in.metadataFile) > 0 {
 		dt := make(map[string]interface{})
 		for t, r := range resp {
 			dt[t] = decodeExporterResponse(r.ExporterResponse)
 		}
+		if callFunc == nil {
+			if warnings := printer.Warnings(); len(warnings) > 0 && confutil.MetadataWarningsEnabled() {
+				dt["buildx.build.warnings"] = warnings
+			}
+		}
 		if err := writeMetadataFile(in.metadataFile, dt); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
-	return err
+	var callFormatJSON bool
+	jsonResults := map[string]map[string]any{}
+	if callFunc != nil {
+		callFormatJSON = callFunc.Format == "json"
+	}
+	var sep bool
+	var exitCode int
+
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(bo))
+	for name := range bo {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(names)
+
+	for _, name := range names {
+		req := bo[name]
+		if req.CallFunc == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		pf := &pb.CallFunc{
+			Name:         req.CallFunc.Name,
+			Format:       req.CallFunc.Format,
+			IgnoreStatus: req.CallFunc.IgnoreStatus,
+		}
+
+		if callFunc != nil {
+			pf.Format = callFunc.Format
+			pf.IgnoreStatus = callFunc.IgnoreStatus
+		}
+
+		var res map[string]string
+		if sp, ok := resp[name]; ok {
+			res = sp.ExporterResponse
+		}
+
+		if callFormatJSON {
+			jsonResults[name] = map[string]any{}
+			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			if code, err := printResult(buf, pf, res); err != nil {
+				jsonResults[name]["error"] = err.Error()
+				exitCode = 1
+			} else if code != 0 && exitCode == 0 {
+				exitCode = code
+			}
+			m := map[string]*json.RawMessage{}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &m); err == nil {
+				for k, v := range m {
+					jsonResults[name][k] = v
+				}
+			} else {
+				jsonResults[name][pf.Name] = json.RawMessage(buf.Bytes())
+			}
+		} else {
+			if sep {
+				fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
+			} else {
+				sep = true
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "%s\n", name)
+			if descr := tgts[name].Description; descr != "" {
+				fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "%s\n", descr)
+			}
+
+			fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
+			if code, err := printResult(dockerCli.Out(), pf, res); err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "error: %v\n", err)
+				exitCode = 1
+			} else if code != 0 && exitCode == 0 {
+				exitCode = code
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if callFormatJSON {
+		out := struct {
+			Group  map[string]*bake.Group    `json:"group,omitempty"`
+			Target map[string]map[string]any `json:"target"`
+		}{
+			Group:  grps,
+			Target: map[string]map[string]any{},
+		}
+
+		for name, def := range tgts {
+			out.Target[name] = map[string]any{
+				"build": def,
+			}
+			if res, ok := jsonResults[name]; ok {
+				printName := bo[name].CallFunc.Name
+				if printName == "lint" {
+					printName = "check"
+				}
+				out.Target[name][printName] = res
+			}
+		}
+		dt, err := json.MarshalIndent(out, "", "  ")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out(), string(dt))
+	}
+
+	if exitCode != 0 {
+		os.Exit(exitCode)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func bakeCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
@@ -275,18 +437,68 @@ func bakeCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.StringVar(&options.sbom, "sbom", "", `Shorthand for "--set=*.attest=type=sbom"`)
 	flags.StringVar(&options.provenance, "provenance", "", `Shorthand for "--set=*.attest=type=provenance"`)
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.overrides, "set", nil, `Override target value (e.g., "targetpattern.key=value")`)
+	flags.StringVar(&options.callFunc, "call", "build", `Set method for evaluating build ("check", "outline", "targets")`)
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.allow, "allow", nil, "Allow build to access specified resources")
+
+	flags.VarPF(callAlias(&options.callFunc, "check"), "check", "", `Shorthand for "--call=check"`)
+	flags.Lookup("check").NoOptDefVal = "true"
+
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.listTargets, "list-targets", false, "List available targets")
+	cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "list-targets")
+	flags.MarkHidden("list-targets")
+
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.listVars, "list-variables", false, "List defined variables")
+	cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "list-variables")
+	flags.MarkHidden("list-variables")
 
 	commonBuildFlags(&cFlags, flags)
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func saveLocalStateGroup(dockerCli command.Cli, ref string, lsg localstate.StateGroup) error {
+func saveLocalStateGroup(dockerCli command.Cli, in bakeOptions, targets []string, bo map[string]build.Options, overrides []string, def any) error {
+	prm := confutil.MetadataProvenance()
+	if len(in.metadataFile) == 0 {
+		prm = confutil.MetadataProvenanceModeDisabled
+	}
+	groupRef := identity.NewID()
+	refs := make([]string, 0, len(bo))
+	for k, b := range bo {
+		b.Ref = identity.NewID()
+		b.GroupRef = groupRef
+		b.ProvenanceResponseMode = prm
+		refs = append(refs, b.Ref)
+		bo[k] = b
+	}
 	l, err := localstate.New(confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return l.SaveGroup(ref, lsg)
+	dtdef, err := json.MarshalIndent(def, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return l.SaveGroup(groupRef, localstate.StateGroup{
+		Definition: dtdef,
+		Targets:    targets,
+		Inputs:     overrides,
+		Refs:       refs,
+	})
+}
+
+// bakeArgs will retrieve the remote url, command context, and targets
+// from the command line arguments.
+func bakeArgs(args []string) (url, cmdContext string, targets []string) {
+	cmdContext, targets = "cwd://", args
+	if len(targets) == 0 || !build.IsRemoteURL(targets[0]) {
+		return url, cmdContext, targets
+	}
+	url, targets = targets[0], targets[1:]
+	if len(targets) == 0 || !build.IsRemoteURL(targets[0]) {
+		return url, cmdContext, targets
+	}
+	cmdContext, targets = targets[0], targets[1:]
+	return url, cmdContext, targets
 }
 
 func readBakeFiles(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, url string, names []string, stdin io.Reader, pw progress.Writer) (files []bake.File, inp *bake.Input, err error) {
@@ -331,3 +543,157 @@ func readBakeFiles(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, url string, names
 
 	return
 }
+
+func printVars(w io.Writer, vars []*hclparser.Variable) error {
+	slices.SortFunc(vars, func(a, b *hclparser.Variable) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
+	})
+	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
+	defer tw.Flush()
+
+	tw.Write([]byte("VARIABLE\tVALUE\tDESCRIPTION\n"))
+
+	for _, v := range vars {
+		var value string
+		if v.Value != nil {
+			value = *v.Value
+		} else {
+			value = "<null>"
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\n", v.Name, value, v.Description)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func printTargetList(w io.Writer, cfg *bake.Config) error {
+	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
+	defer tw.Flush()
+
+	tw.Write([]byte("TARGET\tDESCRIPTION\n"))
+
+	type targetOrGroup struct {
+		name   string
+		target *bake.Target
+		group  *bake.Group
+	}
+
+	list := make([]targetOrGroup, 0, len(cfg.Targets)+len(cfg.Groups))
+	for _, tgt := range cfg.Targets {
+		list = append(list, targetOrGroup{name: tgt.Name, target: tgt})
+	}
+	for _, grp := range cfg.Groups {
+		list = append(list, targetOrGroup{name: grp.Name, group: grp})
+	}
+
+	slices.SortFunc(list, func(a, b targetOrGroup) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(a.name, b.name)
+	})
+
+	for _, tgt := range list {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(tgt.name, "_") {
+			// convention for a private target
+			continue
+		}
+		var descr string
+		if tgt.target != nil {
+			descr = tgt.target.Description
+		} else if tgt.group != nil {
+			descr = tgt.group.Description
+
+			if len(tgt.group.Targets) > 0 {
+				slices.Sort(tgt.group.Targets)
+				names := strings.Join(tgt.group.Targets, ", ")
+				if descr != "" {
+					descr += " (" + names + ")"
+				} else {
+					descr = names
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\n", tgt.name, descr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func bakeMetricAttributes(dockerCli command.Cli, driverType, url, cmdContext string, targets []string, options *bakeOptions) attribute.Set {
+	return attribute.NewSet(
+		commandNameAttribute.String("bake"),
+		attribute.Stringer(string(commandOptionsHash), &bakeOptionsHash{
+			bakeOptions: options,
+			configDir:   confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli),
+			url:         url,
+			cmdContext:  cmdContext,
+			targets:     targets,
+		}),
+		driverNameAttribute.String(options.builder),
+		driverTypeAttribute.String(driverType),
+	)
+}
+
+type bakeOptionsHash struct {
+	*bakeOptions
+	configDir  string
+	url        string
+	cmdContext string
+	targets    []string
+	result     string
+	resultOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+func (o *bakeOptionsHash) String() string {
+	o.resultOnce.Do(func() {
+		url := o.url
+		cmdContext := o.cmdContext
+		if cmdContext == "cwd://" {
+			// Resolve the directory if the cmdContext is the current working directory.
+			cmdContext = osutil.GetWd()
+		}
+
+		// Sort the inputs for files and targets since the ordering
+		// doesn't matter, but avoid modifying the original slice.
+		files := immutableSort(o.files)
+		targets := immutableSort(o.targets)
+
+		joinedFiles := strings.Join(files, ",")
+		joinedTargets := strings.Join(targets, ",")
+		salt := confutil.TryNodeIdentifier(o.configDir)
+
+		h := sha256.New()
+		for _, s := range []string{url, cmdContext, joinedFiles, joinedTargets, salt} {
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(h, s)
+			h.Write([]byte{0})
+		}
+		o.result = hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
+	})
+	return o.result
+}
+
+// immutableSort will sort the entries in s without modifying the original slice.
+func immutableSort(s []string) []string {
+	if !sort.StringsAreSorted(s) {
+		cpy := make([]string, len(s))
+		copy(cpy, s)
+		sort.Strings(cpy)
+		return cpy
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+type syncWriter struct {
+	w    io.Writer
+	once sync.Once
+	wait func() error
+}
+
+func (w *syncWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	w.once.Do(func() {
+		if w.wait != nil {
+			err = w.wait()
+		}
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return w.w.Write(p)
+}

commands/build.go

@@ -5,12 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/csv"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/osutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/tracing"
-	"github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool/annotation"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	dockeropts "github.com/docker/cli/opts"
@@ -59,6 +56,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+	"github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ type buildOptions struct {
 	noCacheFilter  []string
 	outputs        []string
 	platforms      []string
-	printFunc      string
+	callFunc       string
 	secrets        []string
 	shmSize        dockeropts.MemBytes
 	ssh            []string
@@ -122,27 +120,26 @@ func (o *buildOptions) toControllerOptions() (*controllerapi.BuildOptions, error
 	}
 
 	opts := controllerapi.BuildOptions{
-		Allow:                  o.allow,
-		Annotations:            o.annotations,
-		BuildArgs:              buildArgs,
-		CgroupParent:           o.cgroupParent,
-		ContextPath:            o.contextPath,
-		DockerfileName:         o.dockerfileName,
-		ExtraHosts:             o.extraHosts,
-		Labels:                 labels,
-		NetworkMode:            o.networkMode,
-		NoCacheFilter:          o.noCacheFilter,
-		Platforms:              o.platforms,
-		ShmSize:                int64(o.shmSize),
-		Tags:                   o.tags,
-		Target:                 o.target,
-		Ulimits:                dockerUlimitToControllerUlimit(o.ulimits),
-		Builder:                o.builder,
-		NoCache:                o.noCache,
-		Pull:                   o.pull,
-		ExportPush:             o.exportPush,
-		ExportLoad:             o.exportLoad,
-		WithProvenanceResponse: len(o.metadataFile) > 0,
+		Allow:          o.allow,
+		Annotations:    o.annotations,
+		BuildArgs:      buildArgs,
+		CgroupParent:   o.cgroupParent,
+		ContextPath:    o.contextPath,
+		DockerfileName: o.dockerfileName,
+		ExtraHosts:     o.extraHosts,
+		Labels:         labels,
+		NetworkMode:    o.networkMode,
+		NoCacheFilter:  o.noCacheFilter,
+		Platforms:      o.platforms,
+		ShmSize:        int64(o.shmSize),
+		Tags:           o.tags,
+		Target:         o.target,
+		Ulimits:        dockerUlimitToControllerUlimit(o.ulimits),
+		Builder:        o.builder,
+		NoCache:        o.noCache,
+		Pull:           o.pull,
+		ExportPush:     o.exportPush,
+		ExportLoad:     o.exportLoad,
 	}
 
 	// TODO: extract env var parsing to a method easily usable by library consumers
@@ -202,11 +199,17 @@ func (o *buildOptions) toControllerOptions() (*controllerapi.BuildOptions, error
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	opts.PrintFunc, err = buildflags.ParsePrintFunc(o.printFunc)
+	opts.CallFunc, err = buildflags.ParseCallFunc(o.callFunc)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	prm := confutil.MetadataProvenance()
+	if opts.CallFunc != nil || len(o.metadataFile) == 0 {
+		prm = confutil.MetadataProvenanceModeDisabled
+	}
+	opts.ProvenanceResponseMode = string(prm)
+
 	return &opts, nil
 }
 
@@ -221,15 +224,22 @@ func (o *buildOptions) toDisplayMode() (progressui.DisplayMode, error) {
 	return progress, nil
 }
 
-func buildMetricAttributes(dockerCli command.Cli, b *builder.Builder, options *buildOptions) attribute.Set {
+const (
+	commandNameAttribute = attribute.Key("command.name")
+	commandOptionsHash   = attribute.Key("command.options.hash")
+	driverNameAttribute  = attribute.Key("driver.name")
+	driverTypeAttribute  = attribute.Key("driver.type")
+)
+
+func buildMetricAttributes(dockerCli command.Cli, driverType string, options *buildOptions) attribute.Set {
 	return attribute.NewSet(
-		attribute.String("command.name", "build"),
-		attribute.Stringer("command.options.hash", &buildOptionsHash{
+		commandNameAttribute.String("build"),
+		attribute.Stringer(string(commandOptionsHash), &buildOptionsHash{
 			buildOptions: options,
 			configDir:    confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli),
 		}),
-		attribute.String("driver.name", options.builder),
-		attribute.String("driver.type", b.Driver),
+		driverNameAttribute.String(options.builder),
+		driverTypeAttribute.String(driverType),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -268,8 +278,7 @@ func (o *buildOptionsHash) String() string {
 }
 
 func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions) (err error) {
-	mp := dockerCli.MeterProvider(ctx)
-	defer metricutil.Shutdown(ctx, mp)
+	mp := dockerCli.MeterProvider()
 
 	ctx, end, err := tracing.TraceCurrentCommand(ctx, "build")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -306,12 +315,13 @@ func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	driverType := b.Driver
 
 	var term bool
 	if _, err := console.ConsoleFromFile(os.Stderr); err == nil {
 		term = true
 	}
-	attributes := buildMetricAttributes(dockerCli, b, &options)
+	attributes := buildMetricAttributes(dockerCli, driverType, &options)
 
 	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
 	defer cancel()
@@ -340,7 +350,7 @@ func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions)
 	if confutil.IsExperimental() {
 		resp, retErr = runControllerBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, options, printer)
 	} else {
-		resp, retErr = runBasicBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, options, printer)
+		resp, retErr = runBasicBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, printer)
 	}
 
 	if err := printer.Wait(); retErr == nil {
@@ -366,13 +376,21 @@ func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions)
 		}
 	}
 	if options.metadataFile != "" {
-		if err := writeMetadataFile(options.metadataFile, decodeExporterResponse(resp.ExporterResponse)); err != nil {
+		dt := decodeExporterResponse(resp.ExporterResponse)
+		if opts.CallFunc == nil {
+			if warnings := printer.Warnings(); len(warnings) > 0 && confutil.MetadataWarningsEnabled() {
+				dt["buildx.build.warnings"] = warnings
+			}
+		}
+		if err := writeMetadataFile(options.metadataFile, dt); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	if opts.PrintFunc != nil {
-		if err := printResult(opts.PrintFunc, resp.ExporterResponse); err != nil {
+	if opts.CallFunc != nil {
+		if exitcode, err := printResult(dockerCli.Out(), opts.CallFunc, resp.ExporterResponse); err != nil {
 			return err
+		} else if exitcode != 0 {
+			os.Exit(exitcode)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -387,7 +405,7 @@ func getImageID(resp map[string]string) string {
 	return dgst
 }
 
-func runBasicBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *controllerapi.BuildOptions, options buildOptions, printer *progress.Printer) (*client.SolveResponse, error) {
+func runBasicBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *controllerapi.BuildOptions, printer *progress.Printer) (*client.SolveResponse, error) {
 	resp, res, err := cbuild.RunBuild(ctx, dockerCli, *opts, dockerCli.In(), printer, false)
 	if res != nil {
 		res.Done()
@@ -523,9 +541,12 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -",
-		Aliases: []string{"b"},
 		Short:   "Start a build",
 		Args:    cli.ExactArgs(1),
+		Aliases: []string{"b"},
+		Annotations: map[string]string{
+			"aliases": "docker build, docker builder build, docker image build, docker buildx b",
+		},
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			options.contextPath = args[0]
 			options.builder = rootOpts.builder
@@ -564,7 +585,6 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 
 	flags.StringSliceVar(&options.extraHosts, "add-host", []string{}, `Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: "host:ip")`)
-	flags.SetAnnotation("add-host", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#add-host"})
 
 	flags.StringSliceVar(&options.allow, "allow", []string{}, `Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., "network.host", "security.insecure")`)
 
@@ -577,12 +597,10 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.cacheTo, "cache-to", []string{}, `Cache export destinations (e.g., "user/app:cache", "type=local,dest=path/to/dir")`)
 
 	flags.StringVar(&options.cgroupParent, "cgroup-parent", "", `Set the parent cgroup for the "RUN" instructions during build`)
-	flags.SetAnnotation("cgroup-parent", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#cgroup-parent"})
 
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.contexts, "build-context", []string{}, "Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path)")
 
 	flags.StringVarP(&options.dockerfileName, "file", "f", "", `Name of the Dockerfile (default: "PATH/Dockerfile")`)
-	flags.SetAnnotation("file", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#file"})
 
 	flags.StringVar(&options.imageIDFile, "iidfile", "", "Write the image ID to a file")
 
@@ -598,11 +616,6 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.platforms, "platform", platformsDefault, "Set target platform for build")
 
-	if confutil.IsExperimental() {
-		flags.StringVar(&options.printFunc, "print", "", "Print result of information request (e.g., outline, targets)")
-		cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "print")
-	}
-
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportPush, "push", false, `Shorthand for "--output=type=registry"`)
 
 	flags.BoolVarP(&options.quiet, "quiet", "q", false, "Suppress the build output and print image ID on success")
@@ -614,10 +627,8 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.ssh, "ssh", []string{}, `SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: "default|<id>[=<socket>|<key>[,<key>]]")`)
 
 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.tags, "tag", "t", []string{}, `Name and optionally a tag (format: "name:tag")`)
-	flags.SetAnnotation("tag", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#tag"})
 
 	flags.StringVar(&options.target, "target", "", "Set the target build stage to build")
-	flags.SetAnnotation("target", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#target"})
 
 	options.ulimits = dockeropts.NewUlimitOpt(nil)
 	flags.Var(options.ulimits, "ulimit", "Ulimit options")
@@ -634,12 +645,20 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions, debugConfig *debug.D
 		cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "root", "detach", "server-config")
 	}
 
+	flags.StringVar(&options.callFunc, "call", "build", `Set method for evaluating build ("check", "outline", "targets")`)
+	flags.VarPF(callAlias(&options.callFunc, "check"), "check", "", `Shorthand for "--call=check"`)
+	flags.Lookup("check").NoOptDefVal = "true"
+
 	// hidden flags
 	var ignore string
 	var ignoreSlice []string
 	var ignoreBool bool
 	var ignoreInt int64
 
+	flags.StringVar(&options.callFunc, "print", "", "Print result of information request (e.g., outline, targets)")
+	cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "print")
+	flags.MarkHidden("print")
+
 	flags.BoolVar(&ignoreBool, "compress", false, "Compress the build context using gzip")
 	flags.MarkHidden("compress")
 
@@ -697,7 +716,7 @@ type commonFlags struct {
 
 func commonBuildFlags(options *commonFlags, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	options.noCache = flags.Bool("no-cache", false, "Do not use cache when building the image")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty"). Use plain to show container output`)
+	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson"). Use plain to show container output`)
 	options.pull = flags.Bool("pull", false, "Always attempt to pull all referenced images")
 	flags.StringVar(&options.metadataFile, "metadata-file", "", "Write build result metadata to a file")
 }
@@ -723,9 +742,17 @@ func writeMetadataFile(filename string, dt interface{}) error {
 }
 
 func decodeExporterResponse(exporterResponse map[string]string) map[string]interface{} {
+	decFunc := func(k, v string) ([]byte, error) {
+		if k == "result.json" {
+			// result.json is part of metadata response for subrequests which
+			// is already a JSON object: https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/f6eb72f2f5db07ddab89ac5e2bd3939a6444f4be/frontend/dockerui/requests.go#L100-L102
+			return []byte(v), nil
+		}
+		return base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(v)
+	}
 	out := make(map[string]interface{})
 	for k, v := range exporterResponse {
-		dt, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(v)
+		dt, err := decFunc(k, v)
 		if err != nil {
 			out[k] = v
 			continue
@@ -827,7 +854,7 @@ func printWarnings(w io.Writer, warnings []client.VertexWarning, mode progressui
 		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%d warnings found", len(warnings))
 	}
 	if logrus.GetLevel() < logrus.DebugLevel {
-		fmt.Fprintf(sb, " (use --debug to expand)")
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, " (use docker --debug to expand)")
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintf(sb, ":\n")
 	fmt.Fprint(w, aec.Apply(sb.String(), aec.YellowF))
@@ -855,47 +882,95 @@ func printWarnings(w io.Writer, warnings []client.VertexWarning, mode progressui
 	}
 }
 
-func printResult(f *controllerapi.PrintFunc, res map[string]string) error {
+func printResult(w io.Writer, f *controllerapi.CallFunc, res map[string]string) (int, error) {
 	switch f.Name {
 	case "outline":
-		return printValue(outline.PrintOutline, outline.SubrequestsOutlineDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
+		return 0, printValue(w, outline.PrintOutline, outline.SubrequestsOutlineDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
 	case "targets":
-		return printValue(targets.PrintTargets, targets.SubrequestsTargetsDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
+		return 0, printValue(w, targets.PrintTargets, targets.SubrequestsTargetsDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
 	case "subrequests.describe":
-		return printValue(subrequests.PrintDescribe, subrequests.SubrequestsDescribeDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
+		return 0, printValue(w, subrequests.PrintDescribe, subrequests.SubrequestsDescribeDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
 	case "lint":
-		return printValue(lint.PrintLintViolations, lint.SubrequestLintDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
+		lintResults := lint.LintResults{}
+		if result, ok := res["result.json"]; ok {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(result), &lintResults); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		warningCount := len(lintResults.Warnings)
+		if f.Format != "json" && warningCount > 0 {
+			var warningCountMsg string
+			if warningCount == 1 {
+				warningCountMsg = "1 warning has been found!"
+			} else if warningCount > 1 {
+				warningCountMsg = fmt.Sprintf("%d warnings have been found!", warningCount)
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Check complete, %s\n", warningCountMsg)
+		}
+
+		err := printValue(w, printLintViolationsWrapper, lint.SubrequestLintDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		if lintResults.Error != nil {
+			// Print the error message and the source
+			// Normally, we would use `errdefs.WithSource` to attach the source to the
+			// error and let the error be printed by the handling that's already in place,
+			// but here we want to print the error in a way that's consistent with how
+			// the lint warnings are printed via the `lint.PrintLintViolations` function,
+			// which differs from the default error printing.
+			if f.Format != "json" && len(lintResults.Warnings) > 0 {
+				fmt.Fprintln(w)
+			}
+			lintBuf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(lintResults.Error.Message + "\n"))
+			sourceInfo := lintResults.Sources[lintResults.Error.Location.SourceIndex]
+			source := errdefs.Source{
+				Info:   sourceInfo,
+				Ranges: lintResults.Error.Location.Ranges,
+			}
+			source.Print(lintBuf)
+			return 0, errors.New(lintBuf.String())
+		} else if len(lintResults.Warnings) == 0 && f.Format != "json" {
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "Check complete, no warnings found.")
+		}
 	default:
 		if dt, ok := res["result.json"]; ok && f.Format == "json" {
-			fmt.Println(dt)
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, dt)
 		} else if dt, ok := res["result.txt"]; ok {
-			fmt.Print(dt)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, dt)
 		} else {
-			log.Printf("%s %+v", f, res)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s %+v\n", f, res)
 		}
 	}
 	if v, ok := res["result.statuscode"]; !f.IgnoreStatus && ok {
 		if n, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil && n != 0 {
-			os.Exit(n)
+			return n, nil
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+	return 0, nil
 }
 
-type printFunc func([]byte, io.Writer) error
+type callFunc func([]byte, io.Writer) error
 
-func printValue(printer printFunc, version string, format string, res map[string]string) error {
+func printValue(w io.Writer, printer callFunc, version string, format string, res map[string]string) error {
 	if format == "json" {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stdout, res["result.json"])
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, res["result.json"])
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	if res["version"] != "" && versions.LessThan(version, res["version"]) && res["result.txt"] != "" {
 		// structure is too new and we don't know how to print it
-		fmt.Fprint(os.Stdout, res["result.txt"])
+		fmt.Fprint(w, res["result.txt"])
 		return nil
 	}
-	return printer([]byte(res["result.json"]), os.Stdout)
+	return printer([]byte(res["result.json"]), w)
+}
+
+// FIXME: remove once https://github.com/docker/buildx/pull/2672 is sorted
+func printLintViolationsWrapper(dt []byte, w io.Writer) error {
+	return lint.PrintLintViolations(dt, w, nil)
 }
 
 type invokeConfig struct {
@@ -945,9 +1020,9 @@ func (cfg *invokeConfig) parseInvokeConfig(invoke, on string) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	csvReader := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(invoke))
-	csvReader.LazyQuotes = true
-	fields, err := csvReader.Read()
+	csvParser := csvvalue.NewParser()
+	csvParser.LazyQuotes = true
+	fields, err := csvParser.Fields(invoke, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1003,6 +1078,20 @@ func maybeJSONArray(v string) []string {
 	return []string{v}
 }
 
+func callAlias(target *string, value string) cobrautil.BoolFuncValue {
+	return func(s string) error {
+		v, err := strconv.ParseBool(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if v {
+			*target = value
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // timeBuildCommand will start a timer for timing the build command. It records the time when the returned
 // function is invoked into a metric.
 func timeBuildCommand(mp metric.MeterProvider, attrs attribute.Set) func(err error) {

commands/debug/root.go

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func RootCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, children ...DebuggableCmd) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.StringVar(&controlOptions.Root, "root", "", "Specify root directory of server to connect for the monitor")
 	flags.BoolVar(&controlOptions.Detach, "detach", runtime.GOOS == "linux", "Detach buildx server for the monitor (supported only on linux)")
 	flags.StringVar(&controlOptions.ServerConfig, "server-config", "", "Specify buildx server config file for the monitor (used only when launching new server)")
-	flags.StringVar(&progressMode, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty") for the monitor. Use plain to show container output`)
+	flags.StringVar(&progressMode, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson") for the monitor. Use plain to show container output`)
 
 	cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "invoke", "on", "root", "detach", "server-config")
 

commands/dial_stdio.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
@@ -125,8 +125,7 @@ func dialStdioCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	}
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
-	cmd.Flags()
 	flags.StringVar(&opts.platform, "platform", os.Getenv("DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM"), "Target platform: this is used for node selection")
-	flags.StringVar(&opts.progress, "progress", "quiet", "Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty).")
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.progress, "progress", "quiet", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson"). Use plain to show container output`)
 	return cmd
 }

commands/imagetools/create.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/buildflags"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/imagetools"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ type createOptions struct {
 	dryrun       bool
 	actionAppend bool
 	progress     string
+	preferIndex  bool
 }
 
 func runCreate(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
@@ -153,7 +155,12 @@ func runCreate(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, arg
 		}
 	}
 
-	dt, desc, err := r.Combine(ctx, srcs, in.annotations)
+	annotations, err := buildflags.ParseAnnotations(in.annotations)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse annotations")
+	}
+
+	dt, desc, err := r.Combine(ctx, srcs, annotations, in.preferIndex)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -281,8 +288,9 @@ func createCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, opts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.tags, "tag", "t", []string{}, "Set reference for new image")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.dryrun, "dry-run", false, "Show final image instead of pushing")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.actionAppend, "append", false, "Append to existing manifest")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty"). Use plain to show container output`)
+	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson"). Use plain to show container output`)
 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.annotations, "annotation", "", []string{}, "Add annotation to the image")
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.preferIndex, "prefer-index", true, "When only a single source is specified, prefer outputting an image index or manifest list instead of performing a carbon copy")
 
 	return cmd
 }

commands/install.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 type installOptions struct {
 }
 
-func runInstall(dockerCli command.Cli, in installOptions) error {
+func runInstall(_ command.Cli, _ installOptions) error {
 	dir := config.Dir()
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not create docker config")

commands/prune.go

@@ -195,6 +195,8 @@ func toBuildkitPruneInfo(f filters.Args) (*client.PruneInfo, error) {
 		case 1:
 			if filterKey == "id" {
 				filters = append(filters, filterKey+"~="+values[0])
+			} else if strings.HasSuffix(filterKey, "!") || strings.HasSuffix(filterKey, "~") {
+				filters = append(filters, filterKey+"="+values[0])
 			} else {
 				filters = append(filters, filterKey+"=="+values[0])
 			}

commands/root.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewRootCmd(name string, isPlugin bool, dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
+	var opt rootOptions
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Short: "Docker Buildx",
 		Long:  `Extended build capabilities with BuildKit`,
@@ -32,6 +33,10 @@ func NewRootCmd(name string, isPlugin bool, dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Comman
 			HiddenDefaultCmd: true,
 		},
 		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			if opt.debug {
+				debug.Enable()
+			}
+
 			cmd.SetContext(appcontext.Context())
 			if !isPlugin {
 				return nil
@@ -47,11 +52,6 @@ func NewRootCmd(name string, isPlugin bool, dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Comman
 		cmd.TraverseChildren = true
 		cmd.DisableFlagsInUseLine = true
 		cli.DisableFlagsInUseLine(cmd)
-
-		// DEBUG=1 should perform the same as --debug at the docker root level
-		if debug.IsEnabled() {
-			debug.Enable()
-		}
 	}
 
 	logrus.SetFormatter(&logutil.Formatter{})
@@ -68,16 +68,16 @@ func NewRootCmd(name string, isPlugin bool, dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Comman
 		cmd.SetHelpTemplate(cmd.HelpTemplate() + "\nExperimental commands and flags are hidden. Set BUILDX_EXPERIMENTAL=1 to show them.\n")
 	}
 
-	addCommands(cmd, dockerCli)
+	addCommands(cmd, &opt, dockerCli)
 	return cmd
 }
 
 type rootOptions struct {
 	builder string
+	debug   bool
 }
 
-func addCommands(cmd *cobra.Command, dockerCli command.Cli) {
-	opts := &rootOptions{}
+func addCommands(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *rootOptions, dockerCli command.Cli) {
 	rootFlags(opts, cmd.PersistentFlags())
 
 	cmd.AddCommand(
@@ -112,4 +112,5 @@ func addCommands(cmd *cobra.Command, dockerCli command.Cli) {
 
 func rootFlags(options *rootOptions, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	flags.StringVar(&options.builder, "builder", os.Getenv("BUILDX_BUILDER"), "Override the configured builder instance")
+	flags.BoolVarP(&options.debug, "debug", "D", debug.IsEnabled(), "Enable debug logging")
 }

commands/uninstall.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 type uninstallOptions struct {
 }
 
-func runUninstall(dockerCli command.Cli, in uninstallOptions) error {
+func runUninstall(_ command.Cli, _ uninstallOptions) error {
 	dir := config.Dir()
 	cfg, err := config.Load(dir)
 	if err != nil {

commands/version.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func runVersion(dockerCli command.Cli) error {
+func runVersion(_ command.Cli) error {
 	fmt.Println(version.Package, version.Version, version.Revision)
 	return nil
 }

controller/build/build.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package build
 import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
-	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -19,9 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/platformutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
 	dockeropts "github.com/docker/cli/opts"
-	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/auth/authprovider"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/grpcerrors"
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 		Inputs: build.Inputs{
 			ContextPath:    in.ContextPath,
 			DockerfilePath: in.DockerfileName,
-			InStream:       inStream,
+			InStream:       build.NewSyncMultiReader(inStream),
 			NamedContexts:  contexts,
 		},
 		Ref:                    in.Ref,
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 		Target:                 in.Target,
 		Ulimits:                controllerUlimitOpt2DockerUlimit(in.Ulimits),
 		GroupRef:               in.GroupRef,
-		WithProvenanceResponse: in.WithProvenanceResponse,
+		ProvenanceResponseMode: confutil.ParseMetadataProvenance(in.ProvenanceResponseMode),
 	}
 
 	platforms, err := platformutil.Parse(in.Platforms)
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 	}
 	opts.Platforms = platforms
 
-	dockerConfig := config.LoadDefaultConfigFile(os.Stderr)
+	dockerConfig := dockerCli.ConfigFile()
 	opts.Session = append(opts.Session, authprovider.NewDockerAuthProvider(dockerConfig, nil))
 
 	secrets, err := controllerapi.CreateSecrets(in.Secrets)
@@ -136,8 +134,9 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 
 	annotations, err := buildflags.ParseAnnotations(in.Annotations)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "parse annotations")
 	}
+
 	for _, o := range outputs {
 		for k, v := range annotations {
 			o.Attrs[k.String()] = v
@@ -159,11 +158,11 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 	}
 	opts.Allow = allow
 
-	if in.PrintFunc != nil {
-		opts.PrintFunc = &build.PrintFunc{
-			Name:         in.PrintFunc.Name,
-			Format:       in.PrintFunc.Format,
-			IgnoreStatus: in.PrintFunc.IgnoreStatus,
+	if in.CallFunc != nil {
+		opts.CallFunc = &build.CallFunc{
+			Name:         in.CallFunc.Name,
+			Format:       in.CallFunc.Format,
+			IgnoreStatus: in.CallFunc.IgnoreStatus,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
-	resp, res, err := buildTargets(ctx, dockerCli, b.NodeGroup, nodes, map[string]build.Options{defaultTargetName: opts}, progress, generateResult)
+	resp, res, err := buildTargets(ctx, dockerCli, nodes, map[string]build.Options{defaultTargetName: opts}, progress, generateResult)
 	err = wrapBuildError(err, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		// NOTE: buildTargets can return *build.ResultHandle even on error.
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.Build
 // NOTE: When an error happens during the build and this function acquires the debuggable *build.ResultHandle,
 // this function returns it in addition to the error (i.e. it does "return nil, res, err"). The caller can
 // inspect the result and debug the cause of that error.
-func buildTargets(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.NodeGroup, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[string]build.Options, progress progress.Writer, generateResult bool) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.ResultHandle, error) {
+func buildTargets(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[string]build.Options, progress progress.Writer, generateResult bool) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.ResultHandle, error) {
 	var res *build.ResultHandle
 	var resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse
 	var err error
@@ -270,9 +269,9 @@ func controllerUlimitOpt2DockerUlimit(u *controllerapi.UlimitOpt) *dockeropts.Ul
 	if u == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	values := make(map[string]*units.Ulimit)
+	values := make(map[string]*container.Ulimit)
 	for k, v := range u.Values {
-		values[k] = &units.Ulimit{
+		values[k] = &container.Ulimit{
 			Name: v.Name,
 			Hard: v.Hard,
 			Soft: v.Soft,

controller/pb/controller.pb.go

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ func (m *BuildRequest) GetOptions() *BuildOptions {
 type BuildOptions struct {
 	ContextPath            string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=ContextPath,proto3" json:"ContextPath,omitempty"`
 	DockerfileName         string               `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=DockerfileName,proto3" json:"DockerfileName,omitempty"`
-	PrintFunc              *PrintFunc           `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=PrintFunc,proto3" json:"PrintFunc,omitempty"`
+	CallFunc               *CallFunc            `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=CallFunc,proto3" json:"CallFunc,omitempty"`
 	NamedContexts          map[string]string    `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=NamedContexts,proto3" json:"NamedContexts,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
 	Allow                  []string             `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=Allow,proto3" json:"Allow,omitempty"`
 	Attests                []*Attest            `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=Attests,proto3" json:"Attests,omitempty"`
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ type BuildOptions struct {
 	Ref                    string               `protobuf:"bytes,29,opt,name=Ref,proto3" json:"Ref,omitempty"`
 	GroupRef               string               `protobuf:"bytes,30,opt,name=GroupRef,proto3" json:"GroupRef,omitempty"`
 	Annotations            []string             `protobuf:"bytes,31,rep,name=Annotations,proto3" json:"Annotations,omitempty"`
-	WithProvenanceResponse bool                 `protobuf:"varint,32,opt,name=WithProvenanceResponse,proto3" json:"WithProvenanceResponse,omitempty"`
+	ProvenanceResponseMode string               `protobuf:"bytes,32,opt,name=ProvenanceResponseMode,proto3" json:"ProvenanceResponseMode,omitempty"`
 	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral   struct{}             `json:"-"`
 	XXX_unrecognized       []byte               `json:"-"`
 	XXX_sizecache          int32                `json:"-"`
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@ func (m *BuildOptions) GetDockerfileName() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (m *BuildOptions) GetPrintFunc() *PrintFunc {
+func (m *BuildOptions) GetCallFunc() *CallFunc {
 	if m != nil {
-		return m.PrintFunc
+		return m.CallFunc
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -549,11 +549,11 @@ func (m *BuildOptions) GetAnnotations() []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *BuildOptions) GetWithProvenanceResponse() bool {
+func (m *BuildOptions) GetProvenanceResponseMode() string {
 	if m != nil {
-		return m.WithProvenanceResponse
+		return m.ProvenanceResponseMode
 	}
-	return false
+	return ""
 }
 
 type ExportEntry struct {
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ func (m *Secret) GetEnv() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-type PrintFunc struct {
+type CallFunc struct {
 	Name                 string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=Name,proto3" json:"Name,omitempty"`
 	Format               string   `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=Format,proto3" json:"Format,omitempty"`
 	IgnoreStatus         bool     `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=IgnoreStatus,proto3" json:"IgnoreStatus,omitempty"`
@@ -819,45 +819,45 @@ type PrintFunc struct {
 	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
 }
 
-func (m *PrintFunc) Reset()         { *m = PrintFunc{} }
-func (m *PrintFunc) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
-func (*PrintFunc) ProtoMessage()    {}
-func (*PrintFunc) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+func (m *CallFunc) Reset()         { *m = CallFunc{} }
+func (m *CallFunc) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*CallFunc) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*CallFunc) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return fileDescriptor_ed7f10298fa1d90f, []int{12}
 }
-func (m *PrintFunc) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
-	return xxx_messageInfo_PrintFunc.Unmarshal(m, b)
+func (m *CallFunc) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_CallFunc.Unmarshal(m, b)
 }
-func (m *PrintFunc) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
-	return xxx_messageInfo_PrintFunc.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+func (m *CallFunc) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_CallFunc.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
 }
-func (m *PrintFunc) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
-	xxx_messageInfo_PrintFunc.Merge(m, src)
+func (m *CallFunc) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_CallFunc.Merge(m, src)
 }
-func (m *PrintFunc) XXX_Size() int {
-	return xxx_messageInfo_PrintFunc.Size(m)
+func (m *CallFunc) XXX_Size() int {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_CallFunc.Size(m)
 }
-func (m *PrintFunc) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
-	xxx_messageInfo_PrintFunc.DiscardUnknown(m)
+func (m *CallFunc) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_CallFunc.DiscardUnknown(m)
 }
 
-var xxx_messageInfo_PrintFunc proto.InternalMessageInfo
+var xxx_messageInfo_CallFunc proto.InternalMessageInfo
 
-func (m *PrintFunc) GetName() string {
+func (m *CallFunc) GetName() string {
 	if m != nil {
 		return m.Name
 	}
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (m *PrintFunc) GetFormat() string {
+func (m *CallFunc) GetFormat() string {
 	if m != nil {
 		return m.Format
 	}
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (m *PrintFunc) GetIgnoreStatus() bool {
+func (m *CallFunc) GetIgnoreStatus() bool {
 	if m != nil {
 		return m.IgnoreStatus
 	}
@@ -2062,7 +2062,7 @@ func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*Attest)(nil), "buildx.controller.v1.Attest")
 	proto.RegisterType((*SSH)(nil), "buildx.controller.v1.SSH")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Secret)(nil), "buildx.controller.v1.Secret")
-	proto.RegisterType((*PrintFunc)(nil), "buildx.controller.v1.PrintFunc")
+	proto.RegisterType((*CallFunc)(nil), "buildx.controller.v1.CallFunc")
 	proto.RegisterType((*InspectRequest)(nil), "buildx.controller.v1.InspectRequest")
 	proto.RegisterType((*InspectResponse)(nil), "buildx.controller.v1.InspectResponse")
 	proto.RegisterType((*UlimitOpt)(nil), "buildx.controller.v1.UlimitOpt")
@@ -2094,130 +2094,130 @@ func init() {
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("controller.proto", fileDescriptor_ed7f10298fa1d90f) }
 
 var fileDescriptor_ed7f10298fa1d90f = []byte{
-	// 1960 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
-	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xa4, 0x58, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x1b, 0x49,
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-	0x1c, 0x2a, 0x42, 0xc9, 0x77, 0x3e, 0x72, 0xb9, 0x5c, 0xee, 0xaa, 0xb0, 0x65, 0x0b, 0xfb, 0x2a,
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-	0x8c, 0x64, 0x8b, 0x27, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x8d, 0xe2, 0x7b, 0x50, 0x7c, 0x04, 0x9e, 0x78, 0xe3, 0xe3,
-	0xf0, 0x11, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xb3, 0xab, 0x5d, 0x4b, 0x2b, 0xdb, 0xf0, 0xa4, 0xe9, 0x9e, 0x5f, 0x77,
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-	0x07, 0x22, 0x9c, 0x92, 0xb4, 0x2e, 0xb4, 0x01, 0x2b, 0x3b, 0xbe, 0xcf, 0x2e, 0xf0, 0xca, 0x66,
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-	0xe1, 0x62, 0x63, 0x1a, 0x44, 0x22, 0x30, 0x3a, 0x86, 0x8a, 0xb2, 0xbf, 0x13, 0xf6, 0x39, 0x2e,
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+	0xe9, 0x1f, 0x84, 0xbc, 0x8f, 0xa2, 0x55, 0x96, 0xd2, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xf4, 0x26, 0x7a, 0x86,
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+	0x5c, 0xad, 0x31, 0x43, 0x78, 0x1d, 0x28, 0x9b, 0xea, 0x35, 0x85, 0x77, 0xa1, 0xda, 0x09, 0x42,
+	0x8e, 0xc3, 0x83, 0x39, 0x73, 0x4a, 0x6b, 0xf7, 0x36, 0xa3, 0x53, 0x6b, 0x56, 0x2f, 0xbd, 0xef,
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+	0xee, 0xc2, 0xad, 0x14, 0x63, 0x07, 0xd1, 0xcc, 0x3c, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0x7c, 0x9e, 0xfa, 0x87, 0x03,
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+	0x9e, 0xd1, 0x82, 0x57, 0x7b, 0xb7, 0x83, 0x80, 0x2a, 0xd3, 0x4b, 0xed, 0x6b, 0x7a, 0x90, 0x45,
+	0x63, 0xc3, 0xbb, 0x05, 0x0d, 0x54, 0x9d, 0x46, 0xf0, 0xcf, 0x05, 0xa8, 0x24, 0x2a, 0x5e, 0x4f,
+	0xf8, 0xfd, 0x34, 0xcf, 0xef, 0x69, 0x97, 0x5f, 0x41, 0x49, 0x97, 0x18, 0xeb, 0x72, 0xce, 0x24,
+	0xd3, 0xe9, 0x67, 0xc4, 0x34, 0x9c, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0xca, 0x8c, 0x4b, 0x3d, 0x75, 0x99, 0xd7, 0xc9,
+	0xb3, 0xd9, 0x82, 0x06, 0x33, 0x16, 0xb6, 0x42, 0x5a, 0xbc, 0x1b, 0x0c, 0x22, 0x3f, 0xa4, 0xa5,
+	0x79, 0xe2, 0x06, 0x93, 0x11, 0x37, 0x8c, 0x71, 0xb8, 0xff, 0xea, 0x40, 0x7d, 0x6e, 0xa8, 0xe7,
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+	0xd6, 0xa7, 0x95, 0xd4, 0xca, 0x19, 0x5a, 0xd9, 0x57, 0x17, 0xb4, 0x6a, 0x12, 0x70, 0x5f, 0x5d,
+	0xe8, 0x4e, 0xc4, 0x44, 0x18, 0x1e, 0xf8, 0xbd, 0x63, 0x5a, 0x33, 0x2d, 0x30, 0xa1, 0xf5, 0xa8,
+	0xaa, 0x63, 0x1e, 0xf8, 0x21, 0x3e, 0x6a, 0xaa, 0x2c, 0x21, 0xbd, 0x35, 0xa8, 0xa5, 0xa9, 0xa2,
+	0x9b, 0x5b, 0xa7, 0x8f, 0x9f, 0xa2, 0xc1, 0x0a, 0x9d, 0x7e, 0x92, 0xe5, 0x85, 0xe9, 0x2c, 0x2f,
+	0x66, 0xb2, 0xfc, 0x35, 0x34, 0x26, 0x92, 0x46, 0x83, 0x98, 0x38, 0x93, 0x56, 0x11, 0xae, 0x35,
+	0xaf, 0x2d, 0x42, 0xf3, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x30, 0x5c, 0x7b, 0xcf, 0xa0, 0x31, 0x91, 0x2e, 0xb3, 0xea,
+	0xb2, 0xf7, 0x14, 0x1a, 0xa6, 0xc1, 0xe5, 0x97, 0x9d, 0xff, 0x3a, 0xb0, 0x94, 0x60, 0x6c, 0xe5,
+	0xf9, 0x15, 0x54, 0x4f, 0x79, 0xac, 0xf8, 0x79, 0xda, 0x8b, 0xe8, 0xf4, 0xa4, 0xfc, 0x11, 0x11,
+	0x2c, 0x45, 0xea, 0x27, 0xbc, 0x44, 0x3d, 0x3c, 0x19, 0x75, 0x1e, 0xe7, 0x49, 0x59, 0x7b, 0x29,
+	0x9e, 0xac, 0x40, 0x29, 0x14, 0x03, 0x89, 0xdf, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xfa, 0x30, 0x4f, 0xee, 0x9d, 0x18,
+	0x30, 0x04, 0x92, 0xb7, 0x50, 0x3d, 0xf3, 0xe3, 0x28, 0x88, 0x06, 0xc9, 0x73, 0xff, 0x49, 0x9e,
+	0xd0, 0x77, 0x06, 0xc7, 0x52, 0x01, 0xaf, 0xa1, 0x2f, 0xd1, 0xa1, 0xb0, 0x31, 0xf1, 0x7e, 0xa7,
+	0x73, 0x59, 0x93, 0xd6, 0xfd, 0x6d, 0x68, 0x98, 0xfb, 0xf0, 0x91, 0xc7, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x8e, 0xce,
+	0xbc, 0x3b, 0xbb, 0x9e, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x49, 0x49, 0xef, 0x07, 0xdb, 0xee, 0x12, 0x86, 0xce, 0xa5,
+	0xa1, 0xdf, 0x3b, 0xf6, 0x07, 0xc9, 0x77, 0x4a, 0x48, 0xbd, 0x73, 0x6a, 0xed, 0x99, 0x6b, 0x9b,
+	0x90, 0x3a, 0x37, 0x63, 0x7e, 0x1a, 0xc8, 0xf1, 0x0c, 0x9b, 0xd2, 0xab, 0x7f, 0xab, 0x00, 0xb4,
+	0xd3, 0xf3, 0x90, 0x3d, 0x58, 0x40, 0x7b, 0xc4, 0x9b, 0xdb, 0x3c, 0xd1, 0x6f, 0xf7, 0xd9, 0x35,
+	0x1a, 0x2c, 0xf9, 0xa8, 0x93, 0x1f, 0x87, 0x1e, 0xf2, 0x3c, 0xaf, 0x4c, 0x64, 0xe7, 0x26, 0xf7,
+	0xc5, 0x15, 0x28, 0xab, 0xf7, 0x03, 0x94, 0x4d, 0x16, 0x90, 0xbc, 0x5a, 0x98, 0xcd, 0x5b, 0xf7,
+	0xf9, 0x7c, 0x90, 0x51, 0xfa, 0x99, 0x43, 0x98, 0xad, 0x94, 0xc4, 0x9b, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xed, 0x8d,
+	0xc9, 0x0b, 0xc0, 0x44, 0xd7, 0x69, 0x3a, 0xe4, 0x5b, 0x28, 0x9b, 0x5a, 0x47, 0x3e, 0x99, 0x2d,
+	0x90, 0xe8, 0x9b, 0xbf, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x3e, 0x73, 0xc8, 0x7b, 0x28, 0xe9, 0x26, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x3a,
+	0x56, 0x66, 0x42, 0x70, 0xbd, 0x79, 0x10, 0x1b, 0xc5, 0x1f, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xa3, 0x06, 0xc9, 0xf9,
+	0xd3, 0x66, 0x6a, 0x66, 0x71, 0x9b, 0x57, 0x03, 0xad, 0x81, 0xf7, 0xba, 0xcf, 0x1e, 0x0a, 0x92,
+	0xdb, 0x61, 0xd3, 0x6b, 0xe4, 0x7a, 0xf3, 0x20, 0x56, 0xdd, 0x11, 0x34, 0x26, 0xfe, 0xd1, 0x25,
+	0xbf, 0xc8, 0x77, 0xf2, 0xf2, 0x1f, 0xc4, 0xee, 0xcb, 0x6b, 0x61, 0xad, 0x25, 0x95, 0x9d, 0xd5,
+	0xec, 0x36, 0x69, 0x5d, 0xe5, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0xbf, 0xb3, 0xee, 0xca, 0xb5, 0xf1, 0xc6, 0xea, 0x7a,
+	0xe9, 0xfb, 0xc2, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0xa0, 0x8c, 0x7f, 0x74, 0x7f, 0xf1, 0xbf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff,
+	0xff, 0xc9, 0xe6, 0x4b, 0xb6, 0x86, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
 
 // Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.

controller/pb/controller.proto

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ message BuildRequest {
 message BuildOptions {
   string ContextPath = 1;
   string DockerfileName = 2;
-  PrintFunc PrintFunc = 3;
+  CallFunc CallFunc = 3;
   map<string, string> NamedContexts = 4;
 
   repeated string Allow = 5;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ message BuildOptions {
   string Ref = 29;
   string GroupRef = 30;
   repeated string Annotations = 31;
-  bool WithProvenanceResponse = 32;
+  string ProvenanceResponseMode = 32;
 }
 
 message ExportEntry {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ message Secret {
   string Env = 3;
 }
 
-message PrintFunc {
+message CallFunc {
   string Name = 1;
   string Format = 2;
   bool IgnoreStatus = 3;

controller/pb/path.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/builder/remotecontext/urlutil"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/gitutil"
 )
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ func ResolveOptionPaths(options *BuildOptions) (_ *BuildOptions, err error) {
 		}
 	}
 	if options.DockerfileName != "" && options.DockerfileName != "-" {
-		if localContext && !urlutil.IsURL(options.DockerfileName) {
+		if localContext && !isHTTPURL(options.DockerfileName) {
 			options.DockerfileName, err = filepath.Abs(options.DockerfileName)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
@@ -164,8 +163,15 @@ func ResolveOptionPaths(options *BuildOptions) (_ *BuildOptions, err error) {
 	return options, nil
 }
 
+// isHTTPURL returns true if the provided str is an HTTP(S) URL by checking if it
+// has a http:// or https:// scheme. No validation is performed to verify if the
+// URL is well-formed.
+func isHTTPURL(str string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(str, "https://") || strings.HasPrefix(str, "http://")
+}
+
 func isRemoteURL(c string) bool {
-	if urlutil.IsURL(c) {
+	if isHTTPURL(c) {
 		return true
 	}
 	if _, err := gitutil.ParseGitRef(c); err == nil {

controller/remote/client.go

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func (c *Client) build(ctx context.Context, ref string, options pb.BuildOptions,
 						}
 						return err
 					} else if n > 0 {
-						if stream.Send(&pb.InputMessage{
+						if err := stream.Send(&pb.InputMessage{
 							Input: &pb.InputMessage_Data{
 								Data: &pb.DataMessage{
 									Data: buf[:n],

controller/remote/io.go

@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ func attachIO(ctx context.Context, stream msgStream, initMessage *pb.InitMessage
 
 	if cfg.signal != nil {
 		eg.Go(func() error {
+			names := signalNames()
 			for {
 				var sig syscall.Signal
 				select {
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ func attachIO(ctx context.Context, stream msgStream, initMessage *pb.InitMessage
 				case <-ctx.Done():
 					return nil
 				}
-				name := sigToName[sig]
+				name := names[sig]
 				if name == "" {
 					continue
 				}
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ func copyToStream(fd uint32, snd msgStream, r io.Reader) error {
 			}
 			return err
 		} else if n > 0 {
-			if snd.Send(&pb.Message{
+			if err := snd.Send(&pb.Message{
 				Input: &pb.Message_File{
 					File: &pb.FdMessage{
 						Fd:   fd,
@@ -380,12 +381,12 @@ func copyToStream(fd uint32, snd msgStream, r io.Reader) error {
 	})
 }
 
-var sigToName = map[syscall.Signal]string{}
-
-func init() {
+func signalNames() map[syscall.Signal]string {
+	m := make(map[syscall.Signal]string, len(signal.SignalMap))
 	for name, value := range signal.SignalMap {
-		sigToName[value] = name
+		m[value] = name
 	}
+	return m
 }
 
 type debugStream struct {

docker-bake.hcl

@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@ variable "DOCS_FORMATS" {
 variable "DESTDIR" {
   default = "./bin"
 }
-variable "GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM" {
+variable "TEST_COVERAGE" {
   default = null
 }
+variable "GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM" {
+  default = ""
+}
 
 # Special target: https://github.com/docker/metadata-action#bake-definition
 target "meta-helper" {
@@ -28,14 +31,14 @@ group "default" {
 }
 
 group "validate" {
-  targets = ["lint", "validate-vendor", "validate-docs"]
+  targets = ["lint", "lint-gopls", "validate-golangci", "validate-vendor", "validate-docs"]
 }
 
 target "lint" {
   inherits = ["_common"]
   dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/lint.Dockerfile"
   output = ["type=cacheonly"]
-  platforms = GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM != null ? [
+  platforms = GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM != "" ? [
     "darwin/amd64",
     "darwin/arm64",
     "linux/amd64",
@@ -48,6 +51,19 @@ target "lint" {
   ] : []
 }
 
+target "validate-golangci" {
+  description = "Validate .golangci.yml schema (does not run Go linter)"
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/lint.Dockerfile"
+  target = "validate-golangci"
+  output = ["type=cacheonly"]
+}
+
+target "lint-gopls" {
+  inherits = ["lint"]
+  target = "gopls-analyze"
+}
+
 target "validate-vendor" {
   inherits = ["_common"]
   dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/vendor.Dockerfile"
@@ -187,6 +203,7 @@ variable "TEST_BUILDKIT_TAG" {
 target "integration-test-base" {
   inherits = ["_common"]
   args = {
+    GO_EXTRA_FLAGS = TEST_COVERAGE == "1" ? "-cover" : null
     HTTP_PROXY = HTTP_PROXY
     HTTPS_PROXY = HTTPS_PROXY
     NO_PROXY = NO_PROXY
@@ -200,3 +217,18 @@ target "integration-test" {
   inherits = ["integration-test-base"]
   target = "integration-test"
 }
+
+variable "GOVULNCHECK_FORMAT" {
+  default = null
+}
+
+target "govulncheck" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/govulncheck.Dockerfile"
+  target = "output"
+  args = {
+    FORMAT = GOVULNCHECK_FORMAT
+  }
+  no-cache-filter = ["run"]
+  output = ["${DESTDIR}"]
+}

docs/bake-reference.md

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# Bake file reference
+---
+title: Bake file reference
+---
 
 The Bake file is a file for defining workflows that you run using `docker buildx bake`.
 
@@ -441,8 +443,7 @@ COPY --from=src . .
 
 #### Use another target as base
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > You should prefer to use regular multi-stage builds over this option. You can
 > Use this feature when you have multiple Dockerfiles that can't be easily
 > merged into one.
@@ -504,6 +505,25 @@ $ docker buildx bake --print -f - <<< 'target "default" {}'
 }
 ```
 
+### `target.entitlements`
+
+Entitlements are permissions that the build process requires to run.
+
+Currently supported entitlements are:
+
+- `network.host`: Allows the build to use commands that access the host network. In Dockerfile, use [`RUN --network=host`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#run---networkhost) to run a command with host network enabled.
+
+- `security.insecure`: Allows the build to run commands in privileged containers that are not limited by the default security sandbox. Such container may potentially access and modify system resources. In Dockerfile, use [`RUN --security=insecure`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#run---security) to run a command in a privileged container.
+
+```hcl
+target "integration-tests" {
+  # this target requires privileged containers to run nested containers
+  entitlements = ["security.insecure"]
+}
+```
+
+Entitlements are enabled with a two-step process. First, a target must declare the entitlements it requires. Secondly, when invoking the `bake` command, the user must grant the entitlements by passing the `--allow` flag or confirming the entitlements when prompted in an interactive terminal. This is to ensure that the user is aware of the possibly insecure permissions they are granting to the build process.
+
 ### `target.inherits`
 
 A target can inherit attributes from other targets.
@@ -748,6 +768,27 @@ target "app" {
 }
 ```
 
+### `target.network`
+
+Specify the network mode for the whole build request. This will override the default network mode
+for all the `RUN` instructions in the Dockerfile. Accepted values are `default`, `host`, and `none`.
+
+Usually, a better approach to set the network mode for your build steps is to instead use `RUN --network=<value>`
+in your Dockerfile. This way, you can set the network mode for individual build steps and everyone building
+the Dockerfile gets consistent behavior without needing to pass additional flags to the build command.
+
+If you set network mode to `host` in your Bake file, you must also grant `network.host` entitlement when
+invoking the `bake` command. This is because `host` network mode requires elevated privileges and can be a security risk.
+You can pass `--allow=network.host` to the `docker buildx bake` command to grant the entitlement, or you can
+confirm the entitlement when prompted if you are using an interactive terminal.
+
+```hcl
+target "app" {
+  # make sure this build does not access internet
+  network = "none"
+}
+```
+
 ### `target.no-cache-filter`
 
 Don't use build cache for the specified stages.
@@ -830,8 +871,8 @@ This lets you [mount the secret][run_mount_secret] in your Dockerfile.
 ```dockerfile
 RUN --mount=type=secret,id=aws,target=/root/.aws/credentials \
     aws cloudfront create-invalidation ...
-RUN --mount=type=secret,id=KUBECONFIG \
-    KUBECONFIG=$(cat /run/secrets/KUBECONFIG) helm upgrade --install
+RUN --mount=type=secret,id=KUBECONFIG,env=KUBECONFIG \
+    helm upgrade --install
 ```
 
 ### `target.shm-size`
@@ -851,8 +892,7 @@ target "default" {
 }
 ```
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > In most cases, it is recommended to let the builder automatically determine
 > the appropriate configurations. Manual adjustments should only be considered
 > when specific performance tuning is required for complex build scenarios.
@@ -917,14 +957,12 @@ target "app" {
 }
 ```
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > If you do not provide a `hard limit`, the `soft limit` is used
 > for both values. If no `ulimits` are set, they are inherited from
 > the default `ulimits` set on the daemon.
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > In most cases, it is recommended to let the builder automatically determine
 > the appropriate configurations. Manual adjustments should only be considered
 > when specific performance tuning is required for complex build scenarios.
@@ -1112,8 +1150,7 @@ target "webapp-dev" {
 }
 ```
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > See [User defined HCL functions][hcl-funcs] page for more details.
 
 <!-- external links -->

docs/debugging.md

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ To assist with creating and debugging complex builds, Buildx provides a
 debugger to help you step through the build process and easily inspect the
 state of the build environment at any point.
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > The debug monitor is a new experimental feature in recent versions of Buildx.
 > There are rough edges, known bugs, and missing features. Please try it out
 > and let us know what you think!

docs/guides/cicd.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# CI/CD
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/ci/)

docs/guides/cni-networking.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# CNI networking
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/buildkit/configure/#cni-networking)

docs/guides/color-output.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Color output controls
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/env-vars/#buildkit_colors)

docs/guides/custom-network.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Using a custom network
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/docker-container/#custom-network)

docs/guides/custom-registry-config.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Using a custom registry configuration
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/buildkit/configure/#setting-registry-certificates)

docs/guides/opentelemetry.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# OpenTelemetry support
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/opentelemetry/)

docs/guides/registry-mirror.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Registry mirror
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/buildkit/configure/#registry-mirror)

docs/guides/resource-limiting.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Resource limiting
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/buildkit/configure/#resource-limiting)

docs/manuals/bake/build-contexts.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Defining additional build contexts and linking targets
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/build-contexts)

docs/manuals/bake/compose-file.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Building from Compose file
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/compose-file)

docs/manuals/bake/configuring-build.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Configuring builds
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/configuring-build)

docs/manuals/bake/file-definition.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Bake file definition
-
-This page has moved to [docs/bake-reference.md](../../bake-reference.md)

docs/manuals/bake/hcl-funcs.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# User defined HCL functions
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/hcl-funcs)

docs/manuals/bake/index.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# High-level build options with Bake
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/azblob.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Azure Blob Storage cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/azblob)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/gha.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# GitHub Actions cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/gha)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/index.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Cache storage backends
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/inline.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Inline cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/inline)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/local.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Local cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/local)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/registry.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Registry cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/registry)

docs/manuals/cache/backends/s3.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Amazon S3 cache storage
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/cache/backends/s3)

docs/manuals/drivers/docker-container.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Docker container driver
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers/docker-container)

docs/manuals/drivers/docker.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Docker driver
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers/docker)

docs/manuals/drivers/index.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Buildx drivers overview
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers)

docs/manuals/drivers/kubernetes.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Kubernetes driver
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers/kubernetes)

docs/manuals/drivers/remote.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Remote driver
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/drivers/remote)

docs/manuals/exporters/image-registry.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Image and registry exporters
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/exporters/image-registry)

docs/manuals/exporters/index.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Exporters overview
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/exporters)

docs/manuals/exporters/local-tar.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Local and tar exporters
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/exporters/local-tar)

docs/manuals/exporters/oci-docker.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# OCI and Docker exporters
-
-This page has moved to [Docker Docs website](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/exporters/oci-docker)

docs/reference/buildx.md

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ Extended build capabilities with BuildKit
 | Name                    | Type     | Default | Description                              |
 |:------------------------|:---------|:--------|:-----------------------------------------|
 | [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance |
+| `-D`, `--debug`         | `bool`   |         | Enable debug logging                     |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->

docs/reference/buildx_bake.md

@@ -13,20 +13,24 @@ Build from a file
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name                                | Type          | Default | Description                                                                              |
-|:------------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| [`--builder`](#builder)             | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                 |
-| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file)    | `stringArray` |         | Build definition file                                                                    |
-| `--load`                            |               |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=docker`                                               |
-| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file) | `string`      |         | Write build result metadata to a file                                                    |
-| [`--no-cache`](#no-cache)           |               |         | Do not use cache when building the image                                                 |
-| [`--print`](#print)                 |               |         | Print the options without building                                                       |
-| [`--progress`](#progress)           | `string`      | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container output |
-| [`--provenance`](#provenance)       | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=provenance`                                           |
-| [`--pull`](#pull)                   |               |         | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                             |
-| `--push`                            |               |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=registry`                                             |
-| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                   | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=sbom`                                                 |
-| [`--set`](#set)                     | `stringArray` |         | Override target value (e.g., `targetpattern.key=value`)                                  |
+| Name                                | Type          | Default | Description                                                                                         |
+|:------------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `--allow`                           | `stringArray` |         | Allow build to access specified resources                                                           |
+| [`--builder`](#builder)             | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
+| [`--call`](#call)                   | `string`      | `build` | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                     |
+| [`--check`](#check)                 | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                        |
+| `-D`, `--debug`                     | `bool`        |         | Enable debug logging                                                                                |
+| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file)    | `stringArray` |         | Build definition file                                                                               |
+| `--load`                            | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=docker`                                                          |
+| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file) | `string`      |         | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
+| [`--no-cache`](#no-cache)           | `bool`        |         | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
+| [`--print`](#print)                 | `bool`        |         | Print the options without building                                                                  |
+| [`--progress`](#progress)           | `string`      | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
+| [`--provenance`](#provenance)       | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=provenance`                                                      |
+| [`--pull`](#pull)                   | `bool`        |         | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
+| `--push`                            | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=registry`                                                        |
+| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                   | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=sbom`                                                            |
+| [`--set`](#set)                     | `stringArray` |         | Override target value (e.g., `targetpattern.key=value`)                                             |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -39,8 +43,7 @@ as part of the build.
 Read [High-level build options with Bake](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/)
 guide for introduction to writing bake files.
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > `buildx bake` command may receive backwards incompatible features in the future
 > if needed. We are looking for feedback on improving the command and extending
 > the functionality further.
@@ -51,6 +54,14 @@ guide for introduction to writing bake files.
 
 Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
 
+### <a name="call"></a> Invoke a frontend method (--call)
+
+Same as [`build --call`](buildx_build.md#call).
+
+#### <a name="check"></a> Call: check (--check)
+
+Same as [`build --check`](buildx_build.md#check).
+
 ### <a name="file"></a> Specify a build definition file (-f, --file)
 
 Use the `-f` / `--file` option to specify the build definition file to use.
@@ -119,6 +130,7 @@ $ cat metadata.json
 
 ```json
 {
+  "buildx.build.warnings": {},
   "db": {
     "buildx.build.provenance": {},
     "buildx.build.ref": "mybuilder/mybuilder0/0fjb6ubs52xx3vygf6fgdl611",
@@ -152,15 +164,19 @@ $ cat metadata.json
 }
 ```
 
-> **Note**
->
-> Build record [provenance](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/slsa-provenance/#provenance-attestation-example)
+> [!NOTE]
+> Build record [provenance](https://docs.docker.com/build/metadata/attestations/slsa-provenance/#provenance-attestation-example)
 > (`buildx.build.provenance`) includes minimal provenance by default. Set the
 > `BUILDX_METADATA_PROVENANCE` environment variable to customize this behavior:
 > * `min` sets minimal provenance (default).
 > * `max` sets full provenance.
 > * `disabled`, `false` or `0` does not set any provenance.
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> Build warnings (`buildx.build.warnings`) are not included by default. Set the
+> `BUILDX_METADATA_WARNINGS` environment variable to `1` or `true` to
+> include them.
+
 ### <a name="no-cache"></a> Don't use cache when building the image (--no-cache)
 
 Same as `build --no-cache`. Don't use cache when building the image.

docs/reference/buildx_build.md

@@ -9,48 +9,50 @@ Start a build
 
 ### Aliases
 
-`docker buildx build`, `docker buildx b`
+`docker build`, `docker builder build`, `docker image build`, `docker buildx b`
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name                                                                                                                                               | Type          | Default   | Description                                                                                         |
-|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------|:----------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| [`--add-host`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#add-host)                                                                 | `stringSlice` |           | Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: `host:ip`)                                                 |
-| [`--allow`](#allow)                                                                                                                                | `stringSlice` |           | Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., `network.host`, `security.insecure`)                      |
-| [`--annotation`](#annotation)                                                                                                                      | `stringArray` |           | Add annotation to the image                                                                         |
-| [`--attest`](#attest)                                                                                                                              | `stringArray` |           | Attestation parameters (format: `type=sbom,generator=image`)                                        |
-| [`--build-arg`](#build-arg)                                                                                                                        | `stringArray` |           | Set build-time variables                                                                            |
-| [`--build-context`](#build-context)                                                                                                                | `stringArray` |           | Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path)                                                         |
-| [`--builder`](#builder)                                                                                                                            | `string`      |           | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
-| [`--cache-from`](#cache-from)                                                                                                                      | `stringArray` |           | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`)                       |
-| [`--cache-to`](#cache-to)                                                                                                                          | `stringArray` |           | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`)                   |
-| [`--cgroup-parent`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#cgroup-parent)                                                       | `string`      |           | Set the parent cgroup for the `RUN` instructions during build                                       |
-| `--detach`                                                                                                                                         |               |           | Detach buildx server (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                       |
-| [`-f`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#file), [`--file`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#file) | `string`      |           | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`)                                                 |
-| `--iidfile`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to a file                                                                        |
-| `--label`                                                                                                                                          | `stringArray` |           | Set metadata for an image                                                                           |
-| [`--load`](#load)                                                                                                                                  |               |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker`                                                                |
-| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file)                                                                                                                | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
-| `--network`                                                                                                                                        | `string`      | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build                                     |
-| `--no-cache`                                                                                                                                       |               |           | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
-| [`--no-cache-filter`](#no-cache-filter)                                                                                                            | `stringArray` |           | Do not cache specified stages                                                                       |
-| [`-o`](#output), [`--output`](#output)                                                                                                             | `stringArray` |           | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`)                                                 |
-| [`--platform`](#platform)                                                                                                                          | `stringArray` |           | Set target platform for build                                                                       |
-| `--print`                                                                                                                                          | `string`      |           | Print result of information request (e.g., outline, targets) (EXPERIMENTAL)                         |
-| [`--progress`](#progress)                                                                                                                          | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container output            |
-| [`--provenance`](#provenance)                                                                                                                      | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=provenance`                                                            |
-| `--pull`                                                                                                                                           |               |           | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
-| [`--push`](#push)                                                                                                                                  |               |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry`                                                              |
-| `-q`, `--quiet`                                                                                                                                    |               |           | Suppress the build output and print image ID on success                                             |
-| `--root`                                                                                                                                           | `string`      |           | Specify root directory of server to connect (EXPERIMENTAL)                                          |
-| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                                                                                                                                  | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=sbom`                                                                  |
-| [`--secret`](#secret)                                                                                                                              | `stringArray` |           | Secret to expose to the build (format: `id=mysecret[,src=/local/secret]`)                           |
-| `--server-config`                                                                                                                                  | `string`      |           | Specify buildx server config file (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)              |
-| [`--shm-size`](#shm-size)                                                                                                                          | `bytes`       | `0`       | Shared memory size for build containers                                                             |
-| [`--ssh`](#ssh)                                                                                                                                    | `stringArray` |           | SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: `default\|<id>[=<socket>\|<key>[,<key>]]`) |
-| [`-t`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#tag), [`--tag`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#tag)    | `stringArray` |           | Name and optionally a tag (format: `name:tag`)                                                      |
-| [`--target`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#target)                                                                     | `string`      |           | Set the target build stage to build                                                                 |
-| [`--ulimit`](#ulimit)                                                                                                                              | `ulimit`      |           | Ulimit options                                                                                      |
+| Name                                    | Type          | Default   | Description                                                                                         |
+|:----------------------------------------|:--------------|:----------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| [`--add-host`](#add-host)               | `stringSlice` |           | Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: `host:ip`)                                                 |
+| [`--allow`](#allow)                     | `stringSlice` |           | Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., `network.host`, `security.insecure`)                      |
+| [`--annotation`](#annotation)           | `stringArray` |           | Add annotation to the image                                                                         |
+| [`--attest`](#attest)                   | `stringArray` |           | Attestation parameters (format: `type=sbom,generator=image`)                                        |
+| [`--build-arg`](#build-arg)             | `stringArray` |           | Set build-time variables                                                                            |
+| [`--build-context`](#build-context)     | `stringArray` |           | Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path)                                                         |
+| [`--builder`](#builder)                 | `string`      |           | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
+| [`--cache-from`](#cache-from)           | `stringArray` |           | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`)                       |
+| [`--cache-to`](#cache-to)               | `stringArray` |           | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`)                   |
+| [`--call`](#call)                       | `string`      | `build`   | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                     |
+| [`--cgroup-parent`](#cgroup-parent)     | `string`      |           | Set the parent cgroup for the `RUN` instructions during build                                       |
+| [`--check`](#check)                     | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                        |
+| `-D`, `--debug`                         | `bool`        |           | Enable debug logging                                                                                |
+| `--detach`                              | `bool`        |           | Detach buildx server (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                       |
+| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file)        | `string`      |           | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`)                                                 |
+| `--iidfile`                             | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to a file                                                                        |
+| `--label`                               | `stringArray` |           | Set metadata for an image                                                                           |
+| [`--load`](#load)                       | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker`                                                                |
+| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file)     | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
+| [`--network`](#network)                 | `string`      | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build                                     |
+| `--no-cache`                            | `bool`        |           | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
+| [`--no-cache-filter`](#no-cache-filter) | `stringArray` |           | Do not cache specified stages                                                                       |
+| [`-o`](#output), [`--output`](#output)  | `stringArray` |           | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`)                                                 |
+| [`--platform`](#platform)               | `stringArray` |           | Set target platform for build                                                                       |
+| [`--progress`](#progress)               | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
+| [`--provenance`](#provenance)           | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=provenance`                                                            |
+| `--pull`                                | `bool`        |           | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
+| [`--push`](#push)                       | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry`                                                              |
+| `-q`, `--quiet`                         | `bool`        |           | Suppress the build output and print image ID on success                                             |
+| `--root`                                | `string`      |           | Specify root directory of server to connect (EXPERIMENTAL)                                          |
+| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                       | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=sbom`                                                                  |
+| [`--secret`](#secret)                   | `stringArray` |           | Secret to expose to the build (format: `id=mysecret[,src=/local/secret]`)                           |
+| `--server-config`                       | `string`      |           | Specify buildx server config file (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)              |
+| [`--shm-size`](#shm-size)               | `bytes`       | `0`       | Shared memory size for build containers                                                             |
+| [`--ssh`](#ssh)                         | `stringArray` |           | SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: `default\|<id>[=<socket>\|<key>[,<key>]]`) |
+| [`-t`](#tag), [`--tag`](#tag)           | `stringArray` |           | Name and optionally a tag (format: `name:tag`)                                                      |
+| [`--target`](#target)                   | `string`      |           | Set the target build stage to build                                                                 |
+| [`--ulimit`](#ulimit)                   | `ulimit`      |           | Ulimit options                                                                                      |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -60,15 +62,36 @@ Flags marked with `[experimental]` need to be explicitly enabled by setting the
 
 ## Description
 
-The `buildx build` command starts a build using BuildKit. This command is similar
-to the UI of `docker build` command and takes the same flags and arguments.
-
-For documentation on most of these flags, refer to the [`docker build`
-documentation](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/).
-This page describes a subset of the new flags.
+The `docker buildx build` command starts a build using BuildKit.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### <a name="add-host"></a> Add entries to container hosts file (--add-host)
+
+You can add other hosts into a build container's `/etc/hosts` file by using one
+or more `--add-host` flags. This example adds static addresses for hosts named
+`my-hostname` and `my_hostname_v6`:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --add-host my_hostname=8.8.8.8 --add-host my_hostname_v6=2001:4860:4860::8888 .
+```
+
+If you need your build to connect to services running on the host, you can use
+the special `host-gateway` value for `--add-host`. In the following example,
+build containers resolve `host.docker.internal` to the host's gateway IP.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --add-host host.docker.internal=host-gateway .
+```
+
+You can wrap an IPv6 address in square brackets.
+`=` and `:` are both valid separators.
+Both formats in the following example are valid:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --add-host my-hostname:10.180.0.1 --add-host my-hostname_v6=[2001:4860:4860::8888] .
+```
+
 ### <a name="annotation"></a> Create annotations (--annotation)
 
 ```text
@@ -122,7 +145,7 @@ For more information about annotations, see
 --attest=type=provenance,...
 ```
 
-Create [image attestations](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/).
+Create [image attestations](https://docs.docker.com/build/metadata/attestations/).
 BuildKit currently supports:
 
 - `sbom` - Software Bill of Materials.
@@ -130,7 +153,7 @@ BuildKit currently supports:
   Use `--attest=type=sbom` to generate an SBOM for an image at build-time.
   Alternatively, you can use the [`--sbom` shorthand](#sbom).
 
-  For more information, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/sbom/).
+  For more information, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/metadata/attestations/sbom/).
 
 - `provenance` - SLSA Provenance
 
@@ -140,7 +163,7 @@ BuildKit currently supports:
   By default, a minimal provenance attestation will be created for the build
   result, which will only be attached for images pushed to registries.
 
-  For more information, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/slsa-provenance/).
+  For more information, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/metadata/attestations/slsa-provenance/).
 
 ### <a name="allow"></a> Allow extra privileged entitlement (--allow)
 
@@ -164,7 +187,40 @@ $ docker buildx build --allow security.insecure .
 
 ### <a name="build-arg"></a> Set build-time variables (--build-arg)
 
-Same as [`docker build` command](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/build/#build-arg).
+You can use `ENV` instructions in a Dockerfile to define variable values. These
+values persist in the built image. Often persistence isn't what you want. Users
+want to specify variables differently depending on which host they build an
+image on.
+
+A good example is `http_proxy` or source versions for pulling intermediate
+files. The `ARG` instruction lets Dockerfile authors define values that users
+can set at build-time using the  `--build-arg` flag:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --build-arg HTTP_PROXY=http://10.20.30.2:1234 --build-arg FTP_PROXY=http://40.50.60.5:4567 .
+```
+
+This flag allows you to pass the build-time variables that are
+accessed like regular environment variables in the `RUN` instruction of the
+Dockerfile. These values don't persist in the intermediate or final images
+like `ENV` values do. You must add `--build-arg` for each build argument.
+
+Using this flag doesn't alter the output you see when the build process echoes the`ARG` lines from the
+Dockerfile.
+
+For detailed information on using `ARG` and `ENV` instructions, see the
+[Dockerfile reference](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/).
+
+You can also use the `--build-arg` flag without a value, in which case the daemon
+propagates the value from the local environment into the Docker container it's building:
+
+```console
+$ export HTTP_PROXY=http://10.20.30.2:1234
+$ docker buildx build --build-arg HTTP_PROXY .
+```
+
+This example is similar to how `docker run -e` works. Refer to the [`docker run` documentation](container_run.md#env)
+for more information.
 
 There are also useful built-in build arguments, such as:
 
@@ -270,6 +326,167 @@ $ docker buildx build --cache-from=type=s3,region=eu-west-1,bucket=mybucket .
 
 More info about cache exporters and available attributes: https://github.com/moby/buildkit#export-cache
 
+### <a name="call"></a> Invoke a frontend method (--call)
+
+```text
+--call=[build|check|outline|targets]
+```
+
+BuildKit frontends can support alternative modes of executions for builds,
+using frontend methods. Frontend methods are a way to change or extend the
+behavior of a build invocation, which lets you, for example, inspect, validate,
+or generate alternative outputs from a build.
+
+The `--call` flag for `docker buildx build` lets you specify the frontend
+method that you want to execute. If this flag is unspecified, it defaults to
+executing the build and evaluating [build checks](https://docs.docker.com/reference/build-checks/).
+
+For Dockerfiles, the available methods are:
+
+| Command                        | Description                                                                                                         |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `build` (default)              | Execute the build and evaluate build checks for the current build target.                                           |
+| `check`                        | Evaluate build checks for the either the entire Dockerfile or the selected target, without executing a build.       |
+| `outline`                      | Show the build arguments that you can set for a target, and their default values.                                   |
+| `targets`                      | List all the build targets in the Dockerfile.                                                                       |
+| `subrequests.describe`         | List all the frontend methods that the current frontend supports.                                                   |
+
+Note that other frontends may implement these or other methods.
+To see the list of available methods for the frontend you're using,
+use `--call=subrequests.describe`.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -q --call=subrequests.describe .
+
+NAME                 VERSION DESCRIPTION
+outline              1.0.0   List all parameters current build target supports
+targets              1.0.0   List all targets current build supports
+subrequests.describe 1.0.0   List available subrequest types
+```
+
+#### Descriptions
+
+The [`--call=targets`](#call-targets) and [`--call=outline`](#call-outline)
+methods include descriptions for build targets and arguments, if available.
+Descriptions are generated from comments in the Dockerfile. A comment on the
+line before a `FROM` instruction becomes the description of a build target, and
+a comment before an `ARG` instruction the description of a build argument. The
+comment must lead with the name of the stage or argument, for example:
+
+```dockerfile
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
+
+# GO_VERSION sets the Go version for the build
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.22
+
+# base-builder is the base stage for building the project
+FROM golang:${GO_VERSION} AS base-builder
+```
+
+When you run `docker buildx build --call=outline`, the output includes the
+descriptions, as follows:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -q --call=outline .
+
+TARGET:      base-builder
+DESCRIPTION: is the base stage for building the project
+
+BUILD ARG    VALUE   DESCRIPTION
+GO_VERSION   1.22    sets the Go version for the build
+```
+
+For more examples on how to write Dockerfile docstrings,
+check out [the Dockerfile for Docker docs](https://github.com/docker/docs/blob/main/Dockerfile).
+
+#### <a name="check"></a> Call: check (--check)
+
+The `check` method evaluates build checks without executing the build. The
+`--check` flag is a convenient shorthand for `--call=check`. Use the `check`
+method to validate the build configuration before starting the build.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -q --check https://github.com/docker/docs.git
+
+WARNING: InvalidBaseImagePlatform
+Base image wjdp/htmltest:v0.17.0 was pulled with platform "linux/amd64", expected "linux/arm64" for current build
+Dockerfile:43
+--------------------
+  41 |         "#content/desktop/previous-versions/*.md"
+  42 |
+  43 | >>> FROM wjdp/htmltest:v${HTMLTEST_VERSION} AS test
+  44 |     WORKDIR /test
+  45 |     COPY --from=build /out ./public
+--------------------
+```
+
+Using `--check` without specifying a target evaluates the entire Dockerfile.
+If you want to evaluate a specific target, use the `--target` flag.
+
+#### Call: outline
+
+The `outline` method prints the name of the specified target (or the default
+target, if `--target` isn't specified), and the build arguments that the target
+consumes, along with their default values, if set.
+
+The following example shows the default target `release` and its build arguments:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -q --call=outline https://github.com/docker/docs.git
+
+TARGET:      release
+DESCRIPTION: is an empty scratch image with only compiled assets
+
+BUILD ARG          VALUE     DESCRIPTION
+GO_VERSION         1.22      sets the Go version for the base stage
+HUGO_VERSION       0.127.0
+HUGO_ENV                     sets the hugo.Environment (production, development, preview)
+DOCS_URL                     sets the base URL for the site
+PAGEFIND_VERSION   1.1.0
+```
+
+This means that the `release` target is configurable using these build arguments:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build \
+  --build-arg GO_VERSION=1.22 \
+  --build-arg HUGO_VERSION=0.127.0 \
+  --build-arg HUGO_ENV=production \
+  --build-arg DOCS_URL=https://example.com \
+  --build-arg PAGEFIND_VERSION=1.1.0 \
+  --target release https://github.com/docker/docs.git
+```
+
+#### Call: targets
+
+The `targets` method lists all the build targets in the Dockerfile. These are
+the stages that you can build using the `--target` flag. It also indicates the
+default target, which is the target that will be built when you don't specify a
+target.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -q --call=targets https://github.com/docker/docs.git
+
+TARGET            DESCRIPTION
+base              is the base stage with build dependencies
+node              installs Node.js dependencies
+hugo              downloads and extracts the Hugo binary
+build-base        is the base stage for building the site
+dev               is for local development with Docker Compose
+build             creates production builds with Hugo
+lint              lints markdown files
+test              validates HTML output and checks for broken links
+update-modules    downloads and vendors Hugo modules
+vendor            is an empty stage with only vendored Hugo modules
+build-upstream    builds an upstream project with a replacement module
+validate-upstream validates HTML output for upstream builds
+unused-media      checks for unused graphics and other media
+pagefind          installs the Pagefind runtime
+index             generates a Pagefind index
+test-go-redirects checks that the /go/ redirects are valid
+release (default) is an empty scratch image with only compiled assets
+```
+
 ### <a name="cache-to"></a> Export build cache to an external cache destination (--cache-to)
 
 ```text
@@ -309,6 +526,27 @@ $ docker buildx build --cache-to=type=s3,region=eu-west-1,bucket=mybucket .
 
 More info about cache exporters and available attributes: https://github.com/moby/buildkit#export-cache
 
+### <a name="cgroup-parent"></a> Use a custom parent cgroup (--cgroup-parent)
+
+When you run `docker buildx build` with the `--cgroup-parent` option,
+the daemon runs the containers used in the build with the
+[corresponding `docker run` flag](container_run.md#cgroup-parent).
+
+### <a name="file"></a> Specify a Dockerfile (-f, --file)
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -f <filepath> .
+```
+
+Specifies the filepath of the Dockerfile to use.
+If unspecified, a file named `Dockerfile` at the root of the build context is used by default.
+
+To read a Dockerfile from stdin, you can use `-` as the argument for `--file`.
+
+```console
+$ cat Dockerfile | docker buildx build -f - .
+```
+
 ### <a name="load"></a> Load the single-platform build result to `docker images` (--load)
 
 Shorthand for [`--output=type=docker`](#docker). Will automatically load the
@@ -329,6 +567,7 @@ $ cat metadata.json
 {
   "buildx.build.provenance": {},
   "buildx.build.ref": "mybuilder/mybuilder0/0fjb6ubs52xx3vygf6fgdl611",
+  "buildx.build.warnings": {},
   "containerimage.config.digest": "sha256:2937f66a9722f7f4a2df583de2f8cb97fc9196059a410e7f00072fc918930e66",
   "containerimage.descriptor": {
     "annotations": {
@@ -343,14 +582,29 @@ $ cat metadata.json
 }
 ```
 
-> **Note**
->
-> Build record [provenance](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/slsa-provenance/#provenance-attestation-example)
+> [!NOTE]
+> Build record [provenance](https://docs.docker.com/build/metadata/attestations/slsa-provenance/#provenance-attestation-example)
 > (`buildx.build.provenance`) includes minimal provenance by default. Set the
 > `BUILDX_METADATA_PROVENANCE` environment variable to customize this behavior:
-> * `min` sets minimal provenance (default).
-> * `max` sets full provenance.
-> * `disabled`, `false` or `0` does not set any provenance.
+>
+> - `min` sets minimal provenance (default).
+> - `max` sets full provenance.
+> - `disabled`, `false` or `0` doesn't set any provenance.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Build warnings (`buildx.build.warnings`) are not included by default. Set the
+> `BUILDX_METADATA_WARNINGS` environment variable to `1` or `true` to
+> include them.
+
+### <a name="network"></a> Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (--network)
+
+Available options for the networking mode are:
+
+- `default` (default): Run in the default network.
+- `none`: Run with no network access.
+- `host`: Run in the host’s network environment.
+
+Find more details in the [Dockerfile reference](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#run---network).
 
 ### <a name="no-cache-filter"></a> Ignore build cache for specific stages (--no-cache-filter)
 
@@ -413,17 +667,19 @@ The arguments for the `--no-cache-filter` flag must be names of stages.
 -o, --output=[PATH,-,type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]
 ```
 
-Sets the export action for the build result. In `docker build` all builds finish
-by creating a container image and exporting it to `docker images`. `buildx` makes
-this step configurable allowing results to be exported directly to the client,
-OCI image tarballs, registry etc.
+Sets the export action for the build result. The default output, when using the
+`docker` [build driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/builders/drivers/), is a container
+image exported to the local image store. The `--output` flag makes this step
+configurable allows export of results directly to the client's filesystem, an
+OCI image tarball, a registry, and more.
 
-Buildx with `docker` driver currently only supports local, tarball exporter and
-image exporter. `docker-container` driver supports all the exporters.
+Buildx with `docker` driver only supports the local, tarball, and image
+[exporters](https://docs.docker.com/build/exporters/). The `docker-container`
+driver supports all exporters.
 
-If just the path is specified as a value, `buildx` will use the local exporter
-with this path as the destination. If the value is "-", `buildx` will use `tar`
-exporter and write to `stdout`.
+If you only specify a filepath as the argument to `--output`, Buildx uses the
+local exporter. If the value is `-`, Buildx uses the `tar` exporter and writes
+the output to stdout.
 
 ```console
 $ docker buildx build -o . .
@@ -434,12 +690,17 @@ $ docker buildx build -o type=docker,dest=- . > myimage.tar
 $ docker buildx build -t tonistiigi/foo -o type=registry
 ```
 
-> **Note **
->
-> Since BuildKit v0.13.0 multiple outputs can be specified by repeating the flag.
+You can export multiple outputs by repeating the flag.
 
 Supported exported types are:
 
+- [`local`](#local)
+- [`tar`](#tar)
+- [`oci`](#oci)
+- [`docker`](#docker)
+- [`image`](#image)
+- [`registry`](#registry)
+
 #### `local`
 
 The `local` export type writes all result files to a directory on the client. The
@@ -450,6 +711,9 @@ Attribute key:
 
 - `dest` - destination directory where files will be written
 
+For more information, see
+[Local and tar exporters](https://docs.docker.com/build/exporters/local-tar/).
+
 #### `tar`
 
 The `tar` export type writes all result files as a single tarball on the client.
@@ -459,6 +723,9 @@ Attribute key:
 
 - `dest` - destination path where tarball will be written. “-” writes to stdout.
 
+For more information, see
+[Local and tar exporters](https://docs.docker.com/build/exporters/local-tar/).
+
 #### `oci`
 
 The `oci` export type writes the result image or manifest list as an [OCI image
@@ -469,6 +736,9 @@ Attribute key:
 
 - `dest` - destination path where tarball will be written. “-” writes to stdout.
 
+For more information, see
+[OCI and Docker exporters](https://docs.docker.com/build/exporters/oci-docker/).
+
 #### `docker`
 
 The `docker` export type writes the single-platform result image as a [Docker image
@@ -485,6 +755,9 @@ Attribute keys:
   the tar will be loaded automatically to the local image store.
 - `context` - name for the Docker context where to import the result
 
+For more information, see
+[OCI and Docker exporters](https://docs.docker.com/build/exporters/oci-docker/).
+
 #### `image`
 
 The `image` exporter writes the build result as an image or a manifest list. When
@@ -496,10 +769,16 @@ Attribute keys:
 - `name` - name (references) for the new image.
 - `push` - Boolean to automatically push the image.
 
+For more information, see
+[Image and registry exporters](https://docs.docker.com/build/exporters/image-registry/).
+
 #### `registry`
 
 The `registry` exporter is a shortcut for `type=image,push=true`.
 
+For more information, see
+[Image and registry exporters](https://docs.docker.com/build/exporters/image-registry/).
+
 ### <a name="platform"></a> Set the target platforms for the build (--platform)
 
 ```text
@@ -526,13 +805,12 @@ support for the specified platform. In a clean setup, you can only execute `RUN`
 commands for your system architecture.
 If your kernel supports [`binfmt_misc`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binfmt_misc)
 launchers for secondary architectures, buildx will pick them up automatically.
-Docker desktop releases come with `binfmt_misc` automatically configured for `arm64`
+Docker Desktop releases come with `binfmt_misc` automatically configured for `arm64`
 and `arm` architectures. You can see what runtime platforms your current builder
 instance supports by running `docker buildx inspect --bootstrap`.
 
 Inside a `Dockerfile`, you can access the current platform value through
-`TARGETPLATFORM` build argument. Refer to the [`docker build`
-documentation](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#automatic-platform-args-in-the-global-scope)
+`TARGETPLATFORM` build argument. Refer to the [Dockerfile reference](https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#automatic-platform-args-in-the-global-scope)
 for the full description of automatic platform argument variants .
 
 You can find the formatting definition for the platform specifier in the
@@ -550,11 +828,10 @@ $ docker buildx build --platform=darwin .
 --progress=VALUE
 ```
 
-Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container
-output (default "auto").
+Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use `plain` to show container
+output (default `auto`).
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > You can also use the `BUILDKIT_PROGRESS` environment variable to set its value.
 
 The following example uses `plain` output during the build:
@@ -572,10 +849,12 @@ $ docker buildx build --load --progress=plain .
 ...
 ```
 
-> **Note**
->
-> Check also our [Color output controls guide](https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/master/docs/guides/color-output.md)
-> for modifying the colors that are used to output information to the terminal.
+> [!NOTE]
+> Check also the [`BUILDKIT_COLORS`](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/variables/#buildkit_colors)
+> environment variable for modifying the colors of the terminal output.
+
+The `rawjson` output marshals the solve status events from BuildKit to JSON lines.
+This mode is designed to be read by an external program.
 
 ### <a name="provenance"></a> Create provenance attestations (--provenance)
 
@@ -595,7 +874,7 @@ to a registry if you use the default image store. Alternatively, you can switch
 to using the containerd image store.
 
 For more information about provenance attestations, see
-[here](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/slsa-provenance/).
+[here](https://docs.docker.com/build/metadata/attestations/slsa-provenance/).
 
 ### <a name="push"></a> Push the build result to a registry (--push)
 
@@ -617,7 +896,7 @@ attestations. Provenance attestations only persist for images pushed directly
 to a registry if you use the default image store. Alternatively, you can switch
 to using the containerd image store.
 
-For more information, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/attestations/sbom/).
+For more information, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/metadata/attestations/sbom/).
 
 ### <a name="secret"></a> Secret to expose to the build (--secret)
 
@@ -668,8 +947,8 @@ Attribute keys:
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
 FROM node:alpine
 RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. \
-  --mount=type=secret,id=SECRET_TOKEN \
-  SECRET_TOKEN=$(cat /run/secrets/SECRET_TOKEN) yarn run test
+  --mount=type=secret,id=SECRET_TOKEN,env=SECRET_TOKEN \
+  yarn run test
 ```
 
 ```console
@@ -685,8 +964,7 @@ The format is `<number><unit>`. `number` must be greater than `0`. Unit is
 optional and can be `b` (bytes), `k` (kilobytes), `m` (megabytes), or `g`
 (gigabytes). If you omit the unit, the system uses bytes.
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > In most cases, it is recommended to let the builder automatically determine
 > the appropriate configurations. Manual adjustments should only be considered
 > when specific performance tuning is required for complex build scenarios.
@@ -722,6 +1000,46 @@ $ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
 $ docker buildx build --ssh default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK .
 ```
 
+### <a name="tag"></a> Tag an image (-t, --tag)
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -t docker/apache:2.0 .
+```
+
+This examples builds in the same way as the previous example, but it then tags the resulting
+image. The repository name will be `docker/apache` and the tag `2.0`.
+
+[Read more about valid tags](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/image/tag/).
+
+You can apply multiple tags to an image. For example, you can apply the `latest`
+tag to a newly built image and add another tag that references a specific
+version.
+
+For example, to tag an image both as `docker/fedora-jboss:latest` and
+`docker/fedora-jboss:v2.1`, use the following:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -t docker/fedora-jboss:latest -t docker/fedora-jboss:v2.1 .
+```
+
+### <a name="target"></a> Specifying target build stage (--target)
+
+When building a Dockerfile with multiple build stages, use the `--target`
+option to specify an intermediate build stage by name as a final stage for the
+resulting image. The builder skips commands after the target stage.
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM debian AS build-env
+# ...
+
+FROM alpine AS production-env
+# ...
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build -t mybuildimage --target build-env .
+```
+
 ### <a name="ulimit"></a> Set ulimits (--ulimit)
 
 `--ulimit` overrides the default ulimits of build's containers when using `RUN`
@@ -732,14 +1050,12 @@ instructions and are specified with a soft and hard limit as such:
 $ docker buildx build --ulimit nofile=1024:1024 .
 ```
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > If you don't provide a `hard limit`, the `soft limit` is used
 > for both values. If no `ulimits` are set, they're inherited from
 > the default `ulimits` set on the daemon.
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > In most cases, it is recommended to let the builder automatically determine
 > the appropriate configurations. Manual adjustments should only be considered
 > when specific performance tuning is required for complex build scenarios.

docs/reference/buildx_create.md

@@ -11,17 +11,18 @@ Create a new builder instance
 
 | Name                                      | Type          | Default | Description                                                           |
 |:------------------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| [`--append`](#append)                     |               |         | Append a node to builder instead of changing it                       |
-| `--bootstrap`                             |               |         | Boot builder after creation                                           |
+| [`--append`](#append)                     | `bool`        |         | Append a node to builder instead of changing it                       |
+| `--bootstrap`                             | `bool`        |         | Boot builder after creation                                           |
 | [`--buildkitd-config`](#buildkitd-config) | `string`      |         | BuildKit daemon config file                                           |
 | [`--buildkitd-flags`](#buildkitd-flags)   | `string`      |         | BuildKit daemon flags                                                 |
+| `-D`, `--debug`                           | `bool`        |         | Enable debug logging                                                  |
 | [`--driver`](#driver)                     | `string`      |         | Driver to use (available: `docker-container`, `kubernetes`, `remote`) |
 | [`--driver-opt`](#driver-opt)             | `stringArray` |         | Options for the driver                                                |
-| [`--leave`](#leave)                       |               |         | Remove a node from builder instead of changing it                     |
+| [`--leave`](#leave)                       | `bool`        |         | Remove a node from builder instead of changing it                     |
 | [`--name`](#name)                         | `string`      |         | Builder instance name                                                 |
 | [`--node`](#node)                         | `string`      |         | Create/modify node with given name                                    |
 | [`--platform`](#platform)                 | `stringArray` |         | Fixed platforms for current node                                      |
-| [`--use`](#use)                           |               |         | Set the current builder instance                                      |
+| [`--use`](#use)                           | `bool`        |         | Set the current builder instance                                      |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -101,8 +102,7 @@ value is `auto` and can be one of `bridge`, `cni`, `host`:
 --buildkitd-flags '--oci-worker-net bridge'
 ```
 
-> **Note**
->
+> [!NOTE]
 > Network mode "bridge" is supported since BuildKit v0.13 and will become the
 > default in next v0.14.
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ backend. Buildx supports the following drivers:
 * `kubernetes`
 * `remote`
 
-For more information about build drivers, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/).
+For more information about build drivers, see [here](https://docs.docker.com/build/builders/drivers/).
 
 #### `docker` driver
 
@@ -167,10 +167,10 @@ Passes additional driver-specific options.
 For information about available driver options, refer to the detailed
 documentation for the specific driver:
 
-* [`docker` driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/docker/)
-* [`docker-container` driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/docker-container/)
-* [`kubernetes` driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/kubernetes/)
-* [`remote` driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/drivers/remote/)
+* [`docker` driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/builders/drivers/docker/)
+* [`docker-container` driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/builders/drivers/docker-container/)
+* [`kubernetes` driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/builders/drivers/kubernetes/)
+* [`remote` driver](https://docs.docker.com/build/builders/drivers/remote/)
 
 ### <a name="leave"></a> Remove a node from a builder (--leave)
 

docs/reference/buildx_debug.md

@@ -12,15 +12,16 @@ Start debugger (EXPERIMENTAL)
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name              | Type     | Default | Description                                                                                              |
-|:------------------|:---------|:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `--builder`       | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                                 |
-| `--detach`        | `bool`   | `true`  | Detach buildx server for the monitor (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                            |
-| `--invoke`        | `string` |         | Launch a monitor with executing specified command (EXPERIMENTAL)                                         |
-| `--on`            | `string` | `error` | When to launch the monitor ([always, error]) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                              |
-| `--progress`      | `string` | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`) for the monitor. Use plain to show container output |
-| `--root`          | `string` |         | Specify root directory of server to connect for the monitor (EXPERIMENTAL)                               |
-| `--server-config` | `string` |         | Specify buildx server config file for the monitor (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)   |
+| Name              | Type     | Default | Description                                                                                                         |
+|:------------------|:---------|:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `--builder`       | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                                            |
+| `-D`, `--debug`   | `bool`   |         | Enable debug logging                                                                                                |
+| `--detach`        | `bool`   | `true`  | Detach buildx server for the monitor (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                       |
+| `--invoke`        | `string` |         | Launch a monitor with executing specified command (EXPERIMENTAL)                                                    |
+| `--on`            | `string` | `error` | When to launch the monitor ([always, error]) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                                         |
+| `--progress`      | `string` | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`) for the monitor. Use plain to show container output |
+| `--root`          | `string` |         | Specify root directory of server to connect for the monitor (EXPERIMENTAL)                                          |
+| `--server-config` | `string` |         | Specify buildx server config file for the monitor (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)              |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->