Merge pull request #2698 from tonistiigi/v0.17-cli-vendor

[v0.17] update docker/cli to 48a2cdff97
Merge pull request #2690 from crazy-max/v0.17.1_cherry-picks
2025-08-15 00:05:57 +08:00 · 2024-09-13 08:03:56 -07:00 · 2024-09-13 08:03:24 -07:00 · 2024-09-13 07:42:49 -07:00 · 2024-09-12 15:25:05 +02:00 · 2024-09-11 22:51:10 +02:00
3084 changed files with 160380 additions and 247757 deletions
--- a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -188,89 +188,6 @@ To generate new vendored files with go modules run:
 $ make vendor
 ```

-### Generate profiling data
-
-You can configure Buildx to generate [`pprof`](https://github.com/google/pprof)
-memory and CPU profiles to analyze and optimize your builds. These profiles are
-useful for identifying performance bottlenecks, detecting memory
-inefficiencies, and ensuring the program (Buildx) runs efficiently.
-
-The following environment variables control whether Buildx generates profiling
-data for builds:
-
-```console
-$ export BUILDX_CPU_PROFILE=buildx_cpu.prof
-$ export BUILDX_MEM_PROFILE=buildx_mem.prof
-```
-
-When set, Buildx emits profiling samples for the builds to the location
-specified by the environment variable.
-
-To analyze and visualize profiling samples, you need `pprof` from the Go
-toolchain, and (optionally) GraphViz for visualization in a graphical format.
-
-To inspect profiling data with `pprof`:
-
-1. Build a local binary of Buildx from source.
-
-   ```console
-   $ docker buildx bake
-   ```
-
-   The binary gets exported to `./bin/build/buildx`.
-
-2. Run a build and with the environment variables set to generate profiling data.
-
-   ```console
-   $ export BUILDX_CPU_PROFILE=buildx_cpu.prof
-   $ export BUILDX_MEM_PROFILE=buildx_mem.prof
-   $ ./bin/build/buildx bake
-   ```
-
-   This creates `buildx_cpu.prof` and `buildx_mem.prof` for the build.
-
-3. Start `pprof` and specify the filename of the profile that you want to
-   analyze.
-
-   ```console
-   $ go tool pprof buildx_cpu.prof
-   ```
-
-   This opens the `pprof` interactive console. From here, you can inspect the
-   profiling sample using various commands. For example, use `top 10` command
-   to view the top 10 most time-consuming entries.
-
-   ```plaintext
-   (pprof) top 10
-   Showing nodes accounting for 3.04s, 91.02% of 3.34s total
-   Dropped 123 nodes (cum <= 0.02s)
-   Showing top 10 nodes out of 159
-         flat  flat%   sum%        cum   cum%
-        1.14s 34.13% 34.13%      1.14s 34.13%  syscall.syscall
-        0.91s 27.25% 61.38%      0.91s 27.25%  runtime.kevent
-        0.35s 10.48% 71.86%      0.35s 10.48%  runtime.pthread_cond_wait
-        0.22s  6.59% 78.44%      0.22s  6.59%  runtime.pthread_cond_signal
-        0.15s  4.49% 82.93%      0.15s  4.49%  runtime.usleep
-        0.10s  2.99% 85.93%      0.10s  2.99%  runtime.memclrNoHeapPointers
-        0.10s  2.99% 88.92%      0.10s  2.99%  runtime.memmove
-        0.03s   0.9% 89.82%      0.03s   0.9%  runtime.madvise
-        0.02s   0.6% 90.42%      0.02s   0.6%  runtime.(*mspan).typePointersOfUnchecked
-        0.02s   0.6% 91.02%      0.02s   0.6%  runtime.pcvalue
-   ```
-
-To view the call graph in a GUI, run `go tool pprof -http=:8081 <sample>`.
-
-> [!NOTE]
-> Requires [GraphViz](https://www.graphviz.org/) to be installed.
-
-```console
-$ go tool pprof -http=:8081 buildx_cpu.prof
-Serving web UI on http://127.0.0.1:8081
-http://127.0.0.1:8081
-```
-
-For more information about using `pprof` and how to interpret the call graph,
-refer to the [`pprof` README](https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/main/doc/README.md).

 ### Conventions

@@ -426,4 +343,4 @@ The rules:

 If you are having trouble getting into the mood of idiomatic Go, we recommend
 reading through [Effective Go](https://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html). The
-[Go Blog](https://blog.golang.org) is also a great resource.
+[Go Blog](https://blog.golang.org) is also a great resource.
--- a/.github/SECURITY.md
+++ b/.github/SECURITY.md
@@ -1,44 +1,12 @@
-# Security Policy
+# Reporting security issues

-The maintainers of Docker Buildx take security seriously. If you discover
-a security issue, please bring it to their attention right away!
+The project maintainers take security seriously. If you discover a security
+issue, please bring it to their attention right away!

-## Reporting a Vulnerability
+**Please _DO NOT_ file a public issue**, instead send your report privately to
+[security@docker.com](mailto:security@docker.com).

-Please **DO NOT** file a public issue, instead send your report privately
-to [security@docker.com](mailto:security@docker.com).
-
-Reporter(s) can expect a response within 72 hours, acknowledging the issue was
-received.
-
-## Review Process
-
-After receiving the report, an initial triage and technical analysis is
-performed to confirm the report and determine its scope. We may request
-additional information in this stage of the process.
-
-Once a reviewer has confirmed the relevance of the report, a draft security
-advisory will be created on GitHub. The draft advisory will be used to discuss
-the issue with maintainers, the reporter(s), and where applicable, other
-affected parties under embargo.
-
-If the vulnerability is accepted, a timeline for developing a patch, public
-disclosure, and patch release will be determined. If there is an embargo period
-on public disclosure before the patch release, the reporter(s) are expected to
-participate in the discussion of the timeline and abide by agreed upon dates
-for public disclosure.
-
-## Accreditation
-
-Security reports are greatly appreciated and we will publicly thank you,
-although we will keep your name confidential if you request it. We also like to
-send gifts - if you're into swag, make sure to let us know. We do not currently
-offer a paid security bounty program at this time.
-
-## Supported Versions
-
-Once a new feature release is cut, support for the previous feature release is
-discontinued. An exception may be made for urgent security releases that occur
-shortly after a new feature release. Buildx does not offer LTS (Long-Term Support)
-releases. Refer to the [Support Policy](https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/master/PROJECT.md#support-policy)
-for further details.
+Security reports are greatly appreciated, and we will publicly thank you for it.
+We also like to send gifts&mdash;if you're into schwag, make sure to let
+us know. We currently do not offer a paid security bounty program, but are not
+ruling it out in the future.
--- a/.github/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/labeler.yml
@@ -96,11 +96,6 @@ area/hack:
  - changed-files:
    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'hack/**'

-# Add 'area/history' label to changes in history command
-area/history:
-  - changed-files:
-    - any-glob-to-any-file: 'commands/history/**'
-
 # Add 'area/tests' label to changes in test files
 area/tests:
  - changed-files:
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 name: build

-# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
-#
-# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
-# implicitly set to "none".
-#
-# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -28,15 +19,15 @@ on:
      - 'docs/**'

 env:
-  SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION: "edge"
-  SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE: "moby/buildkit:latest"
+  BUILDX_VERSION: "latest"
+  BUILDKIT_IMAGE: "moby/buildkit:latest"
  SCOUT_VERSION: "1.11.0"
  REPO_SLUG: "docker/buildx-bin"
  DESTDIR: "./bin"
  TEST_CACHE_SCOPE: "test"
  TESTFLAGS: "-v --parallel=6 --timeout=30m"
  GOTESTSUM_FORMAT: "standard-verbose"
-  GO_VERSION: "1.23"
+  GO_VERSION: "1.22"
  GOTESTSUM_VERSION: "v1.9.0"  # same as one in Dockerfile

 jobs:
@@ -54,9 +45,9 @@ jobs:
          - master
          - latest
          - buildx-stable-1
-          - v0.19.0-rc2
-          - v0.18.2
-          - v0.17.2
+          - v0.14.1
+          - v0.13.2
+          - v0.12.5
        worker:
          - docker-container
          - remote
@@ -76,16 +67,6 @@ jobs:
          - worker: docker+containerd  # same as docker, but with containerd snapshotter
            pkg: ./tests
            mode: experimental
-          - worker: "docker@26.1"
-            pkg: ./tests
-          - worker: "docker+containerd@26.1"  # same as docker, but with containerd snapshotter
-            pkg: ./tests
-          - worker: "docker@26.1"
-            pkg: ./tests
-            mode: experimental
-          - worker: "docker+containerd@26.1"  # same as docker, but with containerd snapshotter
-            pkg: ./tests
-            mode: experimental
    steps:
      -
        name: Prepare
@@ -96,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
          fi
          testFlags="--run=//worker=$(echo "${{ matrix.worker }}" | sed 's/\+/\\+/g')$"
          case "${{ matrix.worker }}" in
-            docker | docker+containerd | docker@* | docker+containerd@*)
+            docker | docker+containerd)
              echo "TESTFLAGS=${{ env.TESTFLAGS_DOCKER }} $testFlags" >> $GITHUB_ENV
              ;;
            *)
@@ -121,14 +102,13 @@ jobs:
        name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
+          version: ${{ env.BUILDX_VERSION }}
+          driver-opts: image=${{ env.BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
          buildkitd-flags: --debug
      -
        name: Build test image
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
        with:
-          source: .
          targets: integration-test
          set: |
            *.output=type=docker,name=${{ env.TEST_IMAGE_ID }}
@@ -142,7 +122,7 @@ jobs:
      -
        name: Send to Codecov
        if: always()
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
        with:
          directory: ./bin/testreports
          flags: integration
@@ -169,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
      matrix:
        os:
          - ubuntu-24.04
-          - macos-14
+          - macos-12
          - windows-2022
    env:
      SKIP_INTEGRATION_TESTS: 1
@@ -214,7 +194,7 @@ jobs:
      -
        name: Send to Codecov
        if: always()
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
        with:
          directory: ${{ env.TESTREPORTS_DIR }}
          env_vars: RUNNER_OS
@@ -235,81 +215,27 @@ jobs:
          name: test-reports-${{ env.TESTREPORTS_NAME }}
          path: ${{ env.TESTREPORTS_BASEDIR }}

-  test-bsd-unit:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    continue-on-error: true
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os:
-          - freebsd
-          - openbsd
+  govulncheck:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    permissions:
+      # required to write sarif report
+      security-events: write
+      # required to check out the repository
+      contents: read
    steps:
-      -
-        name: Prepare
-        run: |
-          echo "VAGRANT_FILE=hack/Vagrantfile.${{ matrix.os }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      -
        name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      -
-        name: Cache Vagrant boxes
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ~/.vagrant.d/boxes
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vagrant-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles(env.VAGRANT_FILE) }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-vagrant-${{ matrix.os }}-
-      -
-        name: Install vagrant
-        run: |
-          set -x
-          sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y libvirt-daemon libvirt-daemon-system vagrant vagrant-libvirt ruby-libvirt
-          sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd
-          sudo chmod a+rw /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock
-          vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt
-          vagrant --version
-      -
-        name: Set up vagrant
-        run: |
-          ln -sf ${{ env.VAGRANT_FILE }} Vagrantfile
-          vagrant up --no-tty
-      -
-        name: Test
-        run: |
-          vagrant ssh -- "cd /vagrant; SKIP_INTEGRATION_TESTS=1 go test -mod=vendor -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ${{ env.TESTFLAGS }} ./..."
-          vagrant ssh -c "sudo cat /vagrant/coverage.txt" > coverage.txt
-      -
-        name: Upload coverage
-        if: always()
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
-        with:
-          files: ./coverage.txt
-          env_vars: RUNNER_OS
-          flags: unit,${{ matrix.os }}
-          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        env:
-          RUNNER_OS: ${{ matrix.os }}
-
-  govulncheck:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    permissions:
-      # same as global permission
-      contents: read
-      # required to write sarif report
-      security-events: write
-    steps:
      -
        name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
+          version: ${{ env.BUILDX_VERSION }}
+          driver-opts: image=${{ env.BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
          buildkitd-flags: --debug
      -
        name: Run
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
        with:
          targets: govulncheck
        env:
@@ -363,8 +289,8 @@ jobs:
        name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
+          version: ${{ env.BUILDX_VERSION }}
+          driver-opts: image=${{ env.BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
          buildkitd-flags: --debug
      -
        name: Build
@@ -389,6 +315,9 @@ jobs:
      - test-unit
    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.repository == 'docker/buildx' }}
    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      -
        name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -396,8 +325,8 @@ jobs:
        name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
+          version: ${{ env.BUILDX_VERSION }}
+          driver-opts: image=${{ env.BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
          buildkitd-flags: --debug
      -
        name: Docker meta
@@ -420,11 +349,11 @@ jobs:
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERPUBLICBOT_WRITE_PAT }}
      -
        name: Build and push image
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
        with:
          files: |
            ./docker-bake.hcl
-            cwd://${{ steps.meta.outputs.bake-file }}
+            ${{ steps.meta.outputs.bake-file }}
          targets: image-cross
          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
          sbom: true
@@ -436,13 +365,14 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && github.repository == 'docker/buildx' }}
    permissions:
-      # same as global permission
-      contents: read
      # required to write sarif report
      security-events: write
    needs:
      - bin-image
    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      -
        name: Login to DockerHub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
@@ -465,9 +395,6 @@ jobs:

  release:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    permissions:
-      # required to create GitHub release
-      contents: write
    needs:
      - test-integration
      - test-unit
@@ -497,7 +424,7 @@ jobs:
      -
        name: GitHub Release
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@c95fe1489396fe8a9eb87c0abf8aa5b2ef267fda  # v2.2.1
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@c062e08bd532815e2082a85e87e3ef29c3e6d191  # v2.0.8
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        with:
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 name: codeql

-# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
-#
-# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
-# implicitly set to "none".
-#
-# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 on:
  push:
    branches:
@@ -16,16 +7,17 @@ on:
      - 'v[0-9]*'
  pull_request:

+permissions:
+  actions: read
+  contents: read
+  security-events: write
+
 env:
-  GO_VERSION: "1.23"
+  GO_VERSION: "1.22"

 jobs:
  codeql:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: read
-      security-events: write
    steps:
      -
        name: Checkout
--- a/.github/workflows/docs-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs-release.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 name: docs-release

-# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
-#
-# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
-# implicitly set to "none".
-#
-# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
@@ -19,17 +10,10 @@ on:
    types:
      - released

-env:
-  SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION: "edge"
-  SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE: "moby/buildkit:latest"
-
 jobs:
  open-pr:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    if: ${{ (github.event.release.prerelease != true || github.event.inputs.tag != '') && github.repository == 'docker/buildx' }}
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      pull-requests: write
    steps:
      -
        name: Checkout docs repo
@@ -50,13 +34,9 @@ jobs:
      -
        name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-        with:
-          version: ${{ env.SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
-          buildkitd-flags: --debug
      -
        name: Generate yaml
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
        with:
          source: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}.git#${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}
          targets: update-docs
@@ -77,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
          VENDOR_MODULE: github.com/docker/buildx@${{ env.RELEASE_NAME }}
      -
        name: Create PR on docs repo
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@67ccf781d68cd99b580ae25a5c18a1cc84ffff1f  # v7.0.6
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@8867c4aba1b742c39f8d0ba35429c2dfa4b6cb20  # v7.0.1
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.GHPAT_DOCS_DISPATCH }}
          push-to-fork: docker-tools-robot/docker.github.io
--- a/.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml
@@ -3,15 +3,6 @@
 # https://github.com/docker/docker.github.io/blob/98c7c9535063ae4cd2cd0a31478a21d16d2f07a3/docker-bake.hcl#L34-L36
 name: docs-upstream

-# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
-#
-# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
-# implicitly set to "none".
-#
-# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -29,24 +20,21 @@ on:
      - '.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml'
      - 'docs/**'

-env:
-  SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION: "edge"
-  SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE: "moby/buildkit:latest"
-
 jobs:
  docs-yaml:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      -
        name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
-          buildkitd-flags: --debug
+          version: latest
      -
        name: Build reference YAML docs
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
        with:
          targets: update-docs
          provenance: false
@@ -65,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
          retention-days: 1

  validate:
-    uses: docker/docs/.github/workflows/validate-upstream.yml@main
+    uses: docker/docs/.github/workflows/validate-upstream.yml@6b73b05acb21edf7995cc5b3c6672d8e314cee7a  # pin for artifact v4 support: https://github.com/docker/docs/pull/19220
    needs:
      - docs-yaml
    with:
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 name: e2e

-# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
-#
-# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
-# implicitly set to "none".
-#
-# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -26,8 +17,6 @@ on:
      - 'docs/**'

 env:
-  SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION: "edge"
-  SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE: "moby/buildkit:latest"
  DESTDIR: "./bin"
  K3S_VERSION: "v1.21.2-k3s1"

@@ -35,16 +24,16 @@ jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      -
        name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
-          buildkitd-flags: --debug
+          version: latest
      -
        name: Build
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
        with:
          targets: binaries
          set: |
@@ -177,75 +166,3 @@ jobs:
          DRIVER_OPT: ${{ matrix.driver-opt }}
          ENDPOINT: ${{ matrix.endpoint }}
          PLATFORMS: ${{ matrix.platforms }}
-
-  bake:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    needs:
-      - build
-    env:
-      DOCKER_BUILD_CHECKS_ANNOTATIONS: false
-      DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          -
-            # https://github.com/docker/bake-action/blob/v5.11.0/.github/workflows/ci.yml#L227-L237
-            source: "https://github.com/docker/bake-action.git#v5.11.0:test/go"
-            overrides: |
-              *.output=/tmp/bake-build
-          -
-            # https://github.com/tonistiigi/xx/blob/2fc85604e7280bfb3f626569bd4c5413c43eb4af/.github/workflows/ld.yml#L90-L98
-            source: "https://github.com/tonistiigi/xx.git#2fc85604e7280bfb3f626569bd4c5413c43eb4af"
-            targets: |
-              ld64-static-tgz
-            overrides: |
-              ld64-static-tgz.output=type=local,dest=./dist
-              ld64-static-tgz.platform=linux/amd64
-              ld64-static-tgz.cache-from=type=gha,scope=xx-ld64-static-tgz
-              ld64-static-tgz.cache-to=type=gha,scope=xx-ld64-static-tgz
-          -
-            # https://github.com/moby/buildkit-bench/blob/54c194011c4fc99a94aa75d4b3d4f3ffd4c4ce27/docker-bake.hcl#L154-L160
-            source: "https://github.com/moby/buildkit-bench.git#54c194011c4fc99a94aa75d4b3d4f3ffd4c4ce27"
-            targets: |
-              tests-buildkit
-            envs: |
-              BUILDKIT_REFS=v0.18.2
-    steps:
-      -
-        name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      -
-        name: Environment variables
-        if: matrix.envs != ''
-        run: |
-          for l in "${{ matrix.envs }}"; do
-            echo "${l?}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          done
-      -
-        name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      -
-        name: Install buildx
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: binary
-          path: /home/runner/.docker/cli-plugins
-      -
-        name: Fix perms and check
-        run: |
-          chmod +x /home/runner/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
-          docker buildx version
-      -
-        name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-        with:
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
-          buildkitd-flags: --debug
-      -
-        name: Build
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
-        with:
-          source: ${{ matrix.source }}
-          targets: ${{ matrix.targets }}
-          set: ${{ matrix.overrides }}
--- a/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 name: labeler

-# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
-#
-# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
-# implicitly set to "none".
-#
-# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -18,12 +9,10 @@ on:

 jobs:
  labeler:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
-      # same as global permission
      contents: read
-      # required for writing labels
      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      -
        name: Run
--- a/.github/workflows/validate.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/validate.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 name: validate

-# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
-#
-# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
-# implicitly set to "none".
-#
-# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -25,10 +16,6 @@ on:
    paths-ignore:
      - '.github/releases.json'

-env:
-  SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION: "edge"
-  SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE: "moby/buildkit:latest"
-
 jobs:
  prepare:
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -94,16 +81,17 @@ jobs:
          if [ "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" = "docker/buildx" ]; then
            echo "GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          fi
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      -
        name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.SETUP_BUILDX_VERSION }}
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.SETUP_BUILDKIT_IMAGE }}
-          buildkitd-flags: --debug
+          version: latest
      -
        name: Validate
-        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v5
        with:
          targets: ${{ matrix.target }}
          set: |
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,52 +1,26 @@
 run:
  timeout: 30m
+
  modules-download-mode: vendor
-  # default uses Go version from the go.mod file, fallback on the env var
-  # `GOVERSION`, fallback on 1.17: https://golangci-lint.run/usage/configuration/#run-configuration
-  go: "1.23"

 linters:
  enable:
-    - bodyclose
-    - depguard
-    - forbidigo
-    - gocritic
    - gofmt
-    - goimports
-    - gosec
-    - gosimple
    - govet
+    - depguard
+    - goimports
    - ineffassign
-    - makezero
    - misspell
-    - noctx
-    - nolintlint
+    - unused
    - revive
    - staticcheck
-    - testifylint
    - typecheck
-    - unused
-    - whitespace
+    - nolintlint
+    - gosec
+    - forbidigo
  disable-all: true

 linters-settings:
-  gocritic:
-    disabled-checks:
-      - "ifElseChain"
-      - "assignOp"
-      - "appendAssign"
-      - "singleCaseSwitch"
-      - "exitAfterDefer" # FIXME
-  importas:
-    alias:
-      # Enforce alias to prevent it accidentally being used instead of
-      # buildkit errdefs package (or vice-versa).
-      - pkg: "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
-        alias: "cerrdefs"
-      - pkg: "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
-        alias: "ocispecs"
-      - pkg: "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
-        alias: "digest"
  govet:
    enable:
      - nilness
@@ -69,27 +43,14 @@ linters-settings:
            desc: The io/ioutil package has been deprecated.
  forbidigo:
    forbid:
-      - '^context\.WithCancel(# use context\.WithCancelCause instead)?$'
-      - '^context\.WithDeadline(# use context\.WithDeadline instead)?$'
-      - '^context\.WithTimeout(# use context\.WithTimeoutCause instead)?$'
-      - '^ctx\.Err(# use context\.Cause instead)?$'
      - '^fmt\.Errorf(# use errors\.Errorf instead)?$'
      - '^platforms\.DefaultString(# use platforms\.Format(platforms\.DefaultSpec()) instead\.)?$'
  gosec:
    excludes:
      - G204  # Audit use of command execution
      - G402  # TLS MinVersion too low
-      - G115  # integer overflow conversion (TODO: verify these)
    config:
      G306: "0644"
-  testifylint:
-    disable:
-      # disable rules that reduce the test condition
-      - "empty"
-      - "bool-compare"
-      - "len"
-      - "negative-positive"
-

 issues:
  exclude-files:
--- a/30
+++ b/30
@@ -1,24 +1,20 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1

-ARG GO_VERSION=1.23
-ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.21
-ARG XX_VERSION=1.6.1
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.22
+ARG XX_VERSION=1.4.0

 # for testing
-ARG DOCKER_VERSION=27.5.0
-ARG DOCKER_VERSION_ALT_26=26.1.3
+ARG DOCKER_VERSION=27.1.1
 ARG DOCKER_CLI_VERSION=${DOCKER_VERSION}
-ARG GOTESTSUM_VERSION=v1.12.0
-ARG REGISTRY_VERSION=2.8.3
-ARG BUILDKIT_VERSION=v0.19.0-rc2
-ARG UNDOCK_VERSION=0.9.0
+ARG GOTESTSUM_VERSION=v1.9.0
+ARG REGISTRY_VERSION=2.8.0
+ARG BUILDKIT_VERSION=v0.14.1
+ARG UNDOCK_VERSION=0.7.0

 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM tonistiigi/xx:${XX_VERSION} AS xx
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${ALPINE_VERSION} AS golatest
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine AS golatest
 FROM moby/moby-bin:$DOCKER_VERSION AS docker-engine
 FROM dockereng/cli-bin:$DOCKER_CLI_VERSION AS docker-cli
-FROM moby/moby-bin:$DOCKER_VERSION_ALT_26 AS docker-engine-alt
-FROM dockereng/cli-bin:$DOCKER_VERSION_ALT_26 AS docker-cli-alt
 FROM registry:$REGISTRY_VERSION AS registry
 FROM moby/buildkit:$BUILDKIT_VERSION AS buildkit
 FROM crazymax/undock:$UNDOCK_VERSION AS undock
@@ -81,7 +77,6 @@ RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. \
  set -e
  xx-go --wrap
  DESTDIR=/usr/bin VERSION=$(cat /buildx-version/version) REVISION=$(cat /buildx-version/revision) GO_EXTRA_LDFLAGS="-s -w" ./hack/build
-  file /usr/bin/docker-buildx
  xx-verify --static /usr/bin/docker-buildx
 EOT

@@ -100,9 +95,7 @@ FROM scratch AS binaries-unix
 COPY --link --from=buildx-build /usr/bin/docker-buildx /buildx

 FROM binaries-unix AS binaries-darwin
-FROM binaries-unix AS binaries-freebsd
 FROM binaries-unix AS binaries-linux
-FROM binaries-unix AS binaries-openbsd

 FROM scratch AS binaries-windows
 COPY --link --from=buildx-build /usr/bin/docker-buildx /buildx.exe
@@ -127,19 +120,16 @@ COPY --link --from=gotestsum /out /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=registry /bin/registry /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=docker-engine / /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=docker-cli / /usr/bin/
-COPY --link --from=docker-engine-alt / /opt/docker-alt-26/
-COPY --link --from=docker-cli-alt / /opt/docker-alt-26/
 COPY --link --from=buildkit /usr/bin/buildkitd /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=buildkit /usr/bin/buildctl /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=undock /usr/local/bin/undock /usr/bin/
 COPY --link --from=binaries /buildx /usr/bin/
-ENV TEST_DOCKER_EXTRA="docker@26.1=/opt/docker-alt-26"

 FROM integration-test-base AS integration-test
 COPY . .

 # Release
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION} AS releaser
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM alpine AS releaser
 WORKDIR /work
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 RUN --mount=from=binaries \
@@ -154,7 +144,7 @@ COPY --from=releaser /out/ /

 # Shell
 FROM docker:$DOCKER_VERSION AS dockerd-release
-FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION} AS shell
+FROM alpine AS shell
 RUN apk add --no-cache iptables tmux git vim less openssh
 RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins && ln -s /usr/local/bin/buildx /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
 COPY ./hack/demo-env/entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin
--- a/bake/bake.go
+++ b/bake/bake.go
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ package bake

 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
-	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -29,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/auth/authprovider"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/convert"
 )
@@ -53,8 +52,8 @@ func defaultFilenames() []string {
 	names = append(names, composecli.DefaultFileNames...)
 	names = append(names, []string{
 		"docker-bake.json",
-		"docker-bake.hcl",
 		"docker-bake.override.json",
+		"docker-bake.hcl",
 		"docker-bake.override.hcl",
 	}...)
 	return names
@@ -193,7 +192,7 @@ func ListTargets(files []File) ([]string, error) {
 	return dedupSlice(targets), nil
 }

-func ReadTargets(ctx context.Context, files []File, targets, overrides []string, defaults map[string]string, ent *EntitlementConf) (map[string]*Target, map[string]*Group, error) {
+func ReadTargets(ctx context.Context, files []File, targets, overrides []string, defaults map[string]string) (map[string]*Target, map[string]*Group, error) {
 	c, _, err := ParseFiles(files, defaults)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
@@ -207,24 +206,23 @@ func ReadTargets(ctx context.Context, files []File, targets, overrides []string,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
-
-	targetsMap := map[string]*Target{}
-	groupsMap := map[string]*Group{}
+	m := map[string]*Target{}
+	n := map[string]*Group{}
 	for _, target := range targets {
 		ts, gs := c.ResolveGroup(target)
 		for _, tname := range ts {
-			t, err := c.ResolveTarget(tname, o, ent)
+			t, err := c.ResolveTarget(tname, o)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			if t != nil {
-				targetsMap[tname] = t
+				m[tname] = t
 			}
 		}
 		for _, gname := range gs {
 			for _, group := range c.Groups {
 				if group.Name == gname {
-					groupsMap[gname] = group
+					n[gname] = group
 					break
 				}
 			}
@@ -232,26 +230,25 @@ func ReadTargets(ctx context.Context, files []File, targets, overrides []string,
 	}

 	for _, target := range targets {
-		if _, ok := groupsMap["default"]; ok && target == "default" {
+		if target == "default" {
 			continue
 		}
-		if _, ok := groupsMap["default"]; !ok {
-			groupsMap["default"] = &Group{Name: "default"}
+		if _, ok := n["default"]; !ok {
+			n["default"] = &Group{Name: "default"}
 		}
-		groupsMap["default"].Targets = append(groupsMap["default"].Targets, target)
+		n["default"].Targets = append(n["default"].Targets, target)
 	}
-	if g, ok := groupsMap["default"]; ok {
+	if g, ok := n["default"]; ok {
 		g.Targets = dedupSlice(g.Targets)
-		sort.Strings(g.Targets)
 	}

-	for name, t := range targetsMap {
-		if err := c.loadLinks(name, t, targetsMap, o, nil, ent); err != nil {
+	for name, t := range m {
+		if err := c.loadLinks(name, t, m, o, nil); err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 	}

-	return targetsMap, groupsMap, nil
+	return m, n, nil
 }

 func dedupSlice(s []string) []string {
@@ -478,12 +475,12 @@ func (c Config) expandTargets(pattern string) ([]string, error) {
 	return names, nil
 }

-func (c Config) loadLinks(name string, t *Target, m map[string]*Target, o map[string]map[string]Override, visited []string, ent *EntitlementConf) error {
+func (c Config) loadLinks(name string, t *Target, m map[string]*Target, o map[string]map[string]Override, visited []string) error {
 	visited = append(visited, name)
 	for _, v := range t.Contexts {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "target:") {
 			target := strings.TrimPrefix(v, "target:")
-			if target == name {
+			if target == t.Name {
 				return errors.Errorf("target %s cannot link to itself", target)
 			}
 			for _, v := range visited {
@@ -494,30 +491,20 @@ func (c Config) loadLinks(name string, t *Target, m map[string]*Target, o map[st
 			t2, ok := m[target]
 			if !ok {
 				var err error
-				t2, err = c.ResolveTarget(target, o, ent)
+				t2, err = c.ResolveTarget(target, o)
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				t2.Outputs = []*buildflags.ExportEntry{
-					{Type: "cacheonly"},
-				}
+				t2.Outputs = []string{"type=cacheonly"}
 				t2.linked = true
 				m[target] = t2
 			}
-			if err := c.loadLinks(target, t2, m, o, visited, ent); err != nil {
+			if err := c.loadLinks(target, t2, m, o, visited); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-
-			// entitlements are inherited from linked targets
-			for _, ent := range t2.Entitlements {
-				if !slices.Contains(t.Entitlements, ent) {
-					t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, ent)
-				}
-			}
-
 			if len(t.Platforms) > 1 && len(t2.Platforms) > 1 {
-				if !isSubset(t.Platforms, t2.Platforms) {
-					return errors.Errorf("target %s can't be used by %s because its platforms %v are not a subset of %v", target, name, t.Platforms, t2.Platforms)
+				if !sliceEqual(t.Platforms, t2.Platforms) {
+					return errors.Errorf("target %s can't be used by %s because it is defined for different platforms %v and %v", target, name, t2.Platforms, t.Platforms)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -555,8 +542,6 @@ func (c Config) newOverrides(v []string) (map[string]map[string]Override, error)

 			o := t[kk[1]]

-			// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update
-			// docs/bake-reference.md and https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/overrides/
 			switch keys[1] {
 			case "output", "cache-to", "cache-from", "tags", "platform", "secrets", "ssh", "attest", "entitlements", "network":
 				if len(parts) == 2 {
@@ -633,8 +618,8 @@ func (c Config) group(name string, visited map[string]visit) ([]string, []string
 	return targets, groups
 }

-func (c Config) ResolveTarget(name string, overrides map[string]map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementConf) (*Target, error) {
-	t, err := c.target(name, map[string]*Target{}, overrides, ent)
+func (c Config) ResolveTarget(name string, overrides map[string]map[string]Override) (*Target, error) {
+	t, err := c.target(name, map[string]*Target{}, overrides)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -650,7 +635,7 @@ func (c Config) ResolveTarget(name string, overrides map[string]map[string]Overr
 	return t, nil
 }

-func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]*Target, overrides map[string]map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementConf) (*Target, error) {
+func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]*Target, overrides map[string]map[string]Override) (*Target, error) {
 	if t, ok := visited[name]; ok {
 		return t, nil
 	}
@@ -667,7 +652,7 @@ func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]*Target, overrides map[st
 	}
 	tt := &Target{}
 	for _, name := range t.Inherits {
-		t, err := c.target(name, visited, overrides, ent)
+		t, err := c.target(name, visited, overrides)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -679,7 +664,7 @@ func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]*Target, overrides map[st
 	m.Merge(tt)
 	m.Merge(t)
 	tt = m
-	if err := tt.AddOverrides(overrides[name], ent); err != nil {
+	if err := tt.AddOverrides(overrides[name]); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	tt.normalize()
@@ -701,61 +686,59 @@ type Target struct {
 	// Inherits is the only field that cannot be overridden with --set
 	Inherits []string `json:"inherits,omitempty" hcl:"inherits,optional" cty:"inherits"`

-	Annotations      []string                `json:"annotations,omitempty" hcl:"annotations,optional" cty:"annotations"`
-	Attest           buildflags.Attests      `json:"attest,omitempty" hcl:"attest,optional" cty:"attest"`
-	Context          *string                 `json:"context,omitempty" hcl:"context,optional" cty:"context"`
-	Contexts         map[string]string       `json:"contexts,omitempty" hcl:"contexts,optional" cty:"contexts"`
-	Dockerfile       *string                 `json:"dockerfile,omitempty" hcl:"dockerfile,optional" cty:"dockerfile"`
-	DockerfileInline *string                 `json:"dockerfile-inline,omitempty" hcl:"dockerfile-inline,optional" cty:"dockerfile-inline"`
-	Args             map[string]*string      `json:"args,omitempty" hcl:"args,optional" cty:"args"`
-	Labels           map[string]*string      `json:"labels,omitempty" hcl:"labels,optional" cty:"labels"`
-	Tags             []string                `json:"tags,omitempty" hcl:"tags,optional" cty:"tags"`
-	CacheFrom        buildflags.CacheOptions `json:"cache-from,omitempty" hcl:"cache-from,optional" cty:"cache-from"`
-	CacheTo          buildflags.CacheOptions `json:"cache-to,omitempty" hcl:"cache-to,optional" cty:"cache-to"`
-	Target           *string                 `json:"target,omitempty" hcl:"target,optional" cty:"target"`
-	Secrets          buildflags.Secrets      `json:"secret,omitempty" hcl:"secret,optional" cty:"secret"`
-	SSH              buildflags.SSHKeys      `json:"ssh,omitempty" hcl:"ssh,optional" cty:"ssh"`
-	Platforms        []string                `json:"platforms,omitempty" hcl:"platforms,optional" cty:"platforms"`
-	Outputs          buildflags.Exports      `json:"output,omitempty" hcl:"output,optional" cty:"output"`
-	Pull             *bool                   `json:"pull,omitempty" hcl:"pull,optional" cty:"pull"`
-	NoCache          *bool                   `json:"no-cache,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache,optional" cty:"no-cache"`
-	NetworkMode      *string                 `json:"network,omitempty" hcl:"network,optional" cty:"network"`
-	NoCacheFilter    []string                `json:"no-cache-filter,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache-filter,optional" cty:"no-cache-filter"`
-	ShmSize          *string                 `json:"shm-size,omitempty" hcl:"shm-size,optional" cty:"shm-size"`
-	Ulimits          []string                `json:"ulimits,omitempty" hcl:"ulimits,optional" cty:"ulimits"`
-	Call             *string                 `json:"call,omitempty" hcl:"call,optional" cty:"call"`
-	Entitlements     []string                `json:"entitlements,omitempty" hcl:"entitlements,optional" cty:"entitlements"`
+	Annotations      []string           `json:"annotations,omitempty" hcl:"annotations,optional" cty:"annotations"`
+	Attest           []string           `json:"attest,omitempty" hcl:"attest,optional" cty:"attest"`
+	Context          *string            `json:"context,omitempty" hcl:"context,optional" cty:"context"`
+	Contexts         map[string]string  `json:"contexts,omitempty" hcl:"contexts,optional" cty:"contexts"`
+	Dockerfile       *string            `json:"dockerfile,omitempty" hcl:"dockerfile,optional" cty:"dockerfile"`
+	DockerfileInline *string            `json:"dockerfile-inline,omitempty" hcl:"dockerfile-inline,optional" cty:"dockerfile-inline"`
+	Args             map[string]*string `json:"args,omitempty" hcl:"args,optional" cty:"args"`
+	Labels           map[string]*string `json:"labels,omitempty" hcl:"labels,optional" cty:"labels"`
+	Tags             []string           `json:"tags,omitempty" hcl:"tags,optional" cty:"tags"`
+	CacheFrom        []string           `json:"cache-from,omitempty"  hcl:"cache-from,optional" cty:"cache-from"`
+	CacheTo          []string           `json:"cache-to,omitempty"  hcl:"cache-to,optional" cty:"cache-to"`
+	Target           *string            `json:"target,omitempty" hcl:"target,optional" cty:"target"`
+	Secrets          []string           `json:"secret,omitempty" hcl:"secret,optional" cty:"secret"`
+	SSH              []string           `json:"ssh,omitempty" hcl:"ssh,optional" cty:"ssh"`
+	Platforms        []string           `json:"platforms,omitempty" hcl:"platforms,optional" cty:"platforms"`
+	Outputs          []string           `json:"output,omitempty" hcl:"output,optional" cty:"output"`
+	Pull             *bool              `json:"pull,omitempty" hcl:"pull,optional" cty:"pull"`
+	NoCache          *bool              `json:"no-cache,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache,optional" cty:"no-cache"`
+	NetworkMode      *string            `json:"network,omitempty" hcl:"network,optional" cty:"network"`
+	NoCacheFilter    []string           `json:"no-cache-filter,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache-filter,optional" cty:"no-cache-filter"`
+	ShmSize          *string            `json:"shm-size,omitempty" hcl:"shm-size,optional"`
+	Ulimits          []string           `json:"ulimits,omitempty" hcl:"ulimits,optional"`
+	Call             *string            `json:"call,omitempty" hcl:"call,optional" cty:"call"`
+	Entitlements     []string           `json:"entitlements,omitempty" hcl:"entitlements,optional" cty:"entitlements"`
 	// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update newOverrides/AddOverrides and docs/bake-reference.md.

 	// linked is a private field to mark a target used as a linked one
 	linked bool
 }

-var (
-	_ hclparser.WithEvalContexts = &Target{}
-	_ hclparser.WithGetName      = &Target{}
-	_ hclparser.WithEvalContexts = &Group{}
-	_ hclparser.WithGetName      = &Group{}
-)
+var _ hclparser.WithEvalContexts = &Target{}
+var _ hclparser.WithGetName = &Target{}
+var _ hclparser.WithEvalContexts = &Group{}
+var _ hclparser.WithGetName = &Group{}

 func (t *Target) normalize() {
-	t.Annotations = removeDupesStr(t.Annotations)
-	t.Attest = t.Attest.Normalize()
-	t.Tags = removeDupesStr(t.Tags)
-	t.Secrets = t.Secrets.Normalize()
-	t.SSH = t.SSH.Normalize()
-	t.Platforms = removeDupesStr(t.Platforms)
-	t.CacheFrom = t.CacheFrom.Normalize()
-	t.CacheTo = t.CacheTo.Normalize()
-	t.Outputs = t.Outputs.Normalize()
-	t.NoCacheFilter = removeDupesStr(t.NoCacheFilter)
-	t.Ulimits = removeDupesStr(t.Ulimits)
+	t.Annotations = removeDupes(t.Annotations)
+	t.Attest = removeAttestDupes(t.Attest)
+	t.Tags = removeDupes(t.Tags)
+	t.Secrets = removeDupes(t.Secrets)
+	t.SSH = removeDupes(t.SSH)
+	t.Platforms = removeDupes(t.Platforms)
+	t.CacheFrom = removeDupes(t.CacheFrom)
+	t.CacheTo = removeDupes(t.CacheTo)
+	t.Outputs = removeDupes(t.Outputs)
+	t.NoCacheFilter = removeDupes(t.NoCacheFilter)
+	t.Ulimits = removeDupes(t.Ulimits)

 	if t.NetworkMode != nil && *t.NetworkMode == "host" {
 		t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, "network.host")
 	}

-	t.Entitlements = removeDupesStr(t.Entitlements)
+	t.Entitlements = removeDupes(t.Entitlements)

 	for k, v := range t.Contexts {
 		if v == "" {
@@ -814,19 +797,20 @@ func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
 		t.Annotations = append(t.Annotations, t2.Annotations...)
 	}
 	if t2.Attest != nil { // merge
-		t.Attest = t.Attest.Merge(t2.Attest)
+		t.Attest = append(t.Attest, t2.Attest...)
+		t.Attest = removeAttestDupes(t.Attest)
 	}
 	if t2.Secrets != nil { // merge
-		t.Secrets = t.Secrets.Merge(t2.Secrets)
+		t.Secrets = append(t.Secrets, t2.Secrets...)
 	}
 	if t2.SSH != nil { // merge
-		t.SSH = t.SSH.Merge(t2.SSH)
+		t.SSH = append(t.SSH, t2.SSH...)
 	}
 	if t2.Platforms != nil { // no merge
 		t.Platforms = t2.Platforms
 	}
 	if t2.CacheFrom != nil { // merge
-		t.CacheFrom = t.CacheFrom.Merge(t2.CacheFrom)
+		t.CacheFrom = append(t.CacheFrom, t2.CacheFrom...)
 	}
 	if t2.CacheTo != nil { // no merge
 		t.CacheTo = t2.CacheTo
@@ -861,9 +845,7 @@ func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
 	t.Inherits = append(t.Inherits, t2.Inherits...)
 }

-func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementConf) error {
-	// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update
-	// docs/bake-reference.md and https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/overrides/
+func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override) error {
 	for key, o := range overrides {
 		value := o.Value
 		keys := strings.SplitN(key, ".", 2)
@@ -874,7 +856,7 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementCon
 			t.Dockerfile = &value
 		case "args":
 			if len(keys) != 2 {
-				return errors.Errorf("invalid format for args, expecting args.<name>=<value>")
+				return errors.Errorf("args require name")
 			}
 			if t.Args == nil {
 				t.Args = map[string]*string{}
@@ -882,7 +864,7 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementCon
 			t.Args[keys[1]] = &value
 		case "contexts":
 			if len(keys) != 2 {
-				return errors.Errorf("invalid format for contexts, expecting contexts.<name>=<value>")
+				return errors.Errorf("contexts require name")
 			}
 			if t.Contexts == nil {
 				t.Contexts = map[string]string{}
@@ -890,7 +872,7 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementCon
 			t.Contexts[keys[1]] = value
 		case "labels":
 			if len(keys) != 2 {
-				return errors.Errorf("invalid format for labels, expecting labels.<name>=<value>")
+				return errors.Errorf("labels require name")
 			}
 			if t.Labels == nil {
 				t.Labels = map[string]*string{}
@@ -899,85 +881,27 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementCon
 		case "tags":
 			t.Tags = o.ArrValue
 		case "cache-from":
-			cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.ArrValue)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			t.CacheFrom = cacheFrom
-			for _, c := range t.CacheFrom {
-				if c.Type == "local" {
-					if v, ok := c.Attrs["src"]; ok {
-						ent.FSRead = append(ent.FSRead, v)
-					}
-				}
-			}
+			t.CacheFrom = o.ArrValue
 		case "cache-to":
-			cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.ArrValue)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			t.CacheTo = cacheTo
-			for _, c := range t.CacheTo {
-				if c.Type == "local" {
-					if v, ok := c.Attrs["dest"]; ok {
-						ent.FSWrite = append(ent.FSWrite, v)
-					}
-				}
-			}
+			t.CacheTo = o.ArrValue
 		case "target":
 			t.Target = &value
 		case "call":
 			t.Call = &value
 		case "secrets":
-			secrets, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.Secret](o.ArrValue)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid value for outputs")
-			}
-			t.Secrets = secrets
-			for _, s := range t.Secrets {
-				if s.FilePath != "" {
-					ent.FSRead = append(ent.FSRead, s.FilePath)
-				}
-			}
+			t.Secrets = o.ArrValue
 		case "ssh":
-			ssh, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.SSH](o.ArrValue)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid value for outputs")
-			}
-			t.SSH = ssh
-			for _, s := range t.SSH {
-				ent.FSRead = append(ent.FSRead, s.Paths...)
-			}
+			t.SSH = o.ArrValue
 		case "platform":
 			t.Platforms = o.ArrValue
 		case "output":
-			outputs, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.ExportEntry](o.ArrValue)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid value for outputs")
-			}
-			t.Outputs = outputs
-			for _, o := range t.Outputs {
-				if o.Destination != "" {
-					ent.FSWrite = append(ent.FSWrite, o.Destination)
-				}
-			}
+			t.Outputs = o.ArrValue
 		case "entitlements":
 			t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, o.ArrValue...)
-			for _, v := range o.ArrValue {
-				if v == string(EntitlementKeyNetworkHost) {
-					ent.NetworkHost = true
-				} else if v == string(EntitlementKeySecurityInsecure) {
-					ent.SecurityInsecure = true
-				}
-			}
 		case "annotations":
 			t.Annotations = append(t.Annotations, o.ArrValue...)
 		case "attest":
-			attest, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.Attest](o.ArrValue)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid value for attest")
-			}
-			t.Attest = t.Attest.Merge(attest)
+			t.Attest = append(t.Attest, o.ArrValue...)
 		case "no-cache":
 			noCache, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -1182,44 +1106,62 @@ func updateContext(t *build.Inputs, inp *Input) {
 	t.ContextState = &st
 }

-func isRemoteContext(t build.Inputs, inp *Input) bool {
-	if build.IsRemoteURL(t.ContextPath) {
-		return true
+// validateContextsEntitlements is a basic check to ensure contexts do not
+// escape local directories when loaded from remote sources. This is to be
+// replaced with proper entitlements support in the future.
+func validateContextsEntitlements(t build.Inputs, inp *Input) error {
+	if inp == nil || inp.State == nil {
+		return nil
 	}
-	if inp != nil && build.IsRemoteURL(inp.URL) && !strings.HasPrefix(t.ContextPath, "cwd://") {
-		return true
+	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("BAKE_ALLOW_REMOTE_FS_ACCESS"); ok {
+		if vv, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v); vv {
+			return nil
+		}
 	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func collectLocalPaths(t build.Inputs) []string {
-	var out []string
 	if t.ContextState == nil {
-		if v, ok := isLocalPath(t.ContextPath); ok {
-			out = append(out, v)
+		if err := checkPath(t.ContextPath); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		if v, ok := isLocalPath(t.DockerfilePath); ok {
-			out = append(out, v)
-		}
-	} else if strings.HasPrefix(t.ContextPath, "cwd://") {
-		out = append(out, strings.TrimPrefix(t.ContextPath, "cwd://"))
 	}
 	for _, v := range t.NamedContexts {
 		if v.State != nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		if v, ok := isLocalPath(v.Path); ok {
-			out = append(out, v)
+		if err := checkPath(v.Path); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
-	return out
+	return nil
 }

-func isLocalPath(p string) (string, bool) {
+func checkPath(p string) error {
 	if build.IsRemoteURL(p) || strings.HasPrefix(p, "target:") || strings.HasPrefix(p, "docker-image:") {
-		return "", false
+		return nil
 	}
-	return strings.TrimPrefix(p, "cwd://"), true
+	p, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	p, err = filepath.Abs(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	wd, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	rel, err := filepath.Rel(wd, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(rel, string(os.PathSeparator))
+	if parts[0] == ".." {
+		return errors.Errorf("path %s is outside of the working directory, please set BAKE_ALLOW_REMOTE_FS_ACCESS=1", p)
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
@@ -1259,6 +1201,9 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 		// it's not outside the working directory and then resolve it to an
 		// absolute path.
 		bi.DockerfilePath = path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(bi.DockerfilePath, "cwd://"))
+		if err := checkPath(bi.DockerfilePath); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		var err error
 		bi.DockerfilePath, err = filepath.Abs(bi.DockerfilePath)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1295,6 +1240,10 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 		}
 	}

+	if err := validateContextsEntitlements(bi, inp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	t.Context = &bi.ContextPath

 	args := map[string]string{}
@@ -1351,35 +1300,24 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 	}
 	bo.Platforms = platforms

-	secrets := t.Secrets
-	if isRemoteContext(bi, inp) {
-		if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_TOKEN"); ok {
-			secrets = append(secrets, &buildflags.Secret{
-				ID:  llb.GitAuthTokenKey,
-				Env: "BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_TOKEN",
-			})
-		}
-		if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_HEADER"); ok {
-			secrets = append(secrets, &buildflags.Secret{
-				ID:  llb.GitAuthHeaderKey,
-				Env: "BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_HEADER",
-			})
-		}
+	secrets, err := buildflags.ParseSecretSpecs(t.Secrets)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	secrets = secrets.Normalize()
-	bo.SecretSpecs = secrets.ToPB()
-	secretAttachment, err := controllerapi.CreateSecrets(bo.SecretSpecs)
+	secretAttachment, err := controllerapi.CreateSecrets(secrets)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	bo.Session = append(bo.Session, secretAttachment)

-	bo.SSHSpecs = t.SSH.ToPB()
-	if len(bo.SSHSpecs) == 0 && buildflags.IsGitSSH(bi.ContextPath) || (inp != nil && buildflags.IsGitSSH(inp.URL)) {
-		bo.SSHSpecs = []*controllerapi.SSH{{ID: "default"}}
+	sshSpecs, err := buildflags.ParseSSHSpecs(t.SSH)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	sshAttachment, err := controllerapi.CreateSSH(bo.SSHSpecs)
+	if len(sshSpecs) == 0 && (buildflags.IsGitSSH(bi.ContextPath) || (inp != nil && buildflags.IsGitSSH(inp.URL))) {
+		sshSpecs = append(sshSpecs, &controllerapi.SSH{ID: "default"})
+	}
+	sshAttachment, err := controllerapi.CreateSSH(sshSpecs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1395,14 +1333,23 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 		}
 	}

-	if t.CacheFrom != nil {
-		bo.CacheFrom = controllerapi.CreateCaches(t.CacheFrom.ToPB())
-	}
-	if t.CacheTo != nil {
-		bo.CacheTo = controllerapi.CreateCaches(t.CacheTo.ToPB())
+	cacheImports, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(t.CacheFrom)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	bo.CacheFrom = controllerapi.CreateCaches(cacheImports)

-	bo.Exports, bo.ExportsLocalPathsTemporary, err = controllerapi.CreateExports(t.Outputs.ToPB())
+	cacheExports, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(t.CacheTo)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	bo.CacheTo = controllerapi.CreateCaches(cacheExports)
+
+	outputs, err := buildflags.ParseExports(t.Outputs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	bo.Exports, err = controllerapi.CreateExports(outputs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1417,7 +1364,11 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 		}
 	}

-	bo.Attests = controllerapi.CreateAttestations(t.Attest.ToPB())
+	attests, err := buildflags.ParseAttests(t.Attest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	bo.Attests = controllerapi.CreateAttestations(attests)

 	bo.SourcePolicy, err = build.ReadSourcePolicy()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1443,7 +1394,7 @@ func defaultTarget() *Target {
 	return &Target{}
 }

-func removeDupesStr(s []string) []string {
+func removeDupes(s []string) []string {
 	i := 0
 	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(s))
 	for _, v := range s {
@@ -1460,76 +1411,106 @@ func removeDupesStr(s []string) []string {
 	return s[:i]
 }

-func setPushOverride(outputs []*buildflags.ExportEntry, push bool) []*buildflags.ExportEntry {
-	if !push {
-		// Disable push for any relevant export types
-		for i := 0; i < len(outputs); {
-			output := outputs[i]
-			switch output.Type {
-			case "registry":
-				// Filter out registry output type
-				outputs[i], outputs[len(outputs)-1] = outputs[len(outputs)-1], outputs[i]
-				outputs = outputs[:len(outputs)-1]
-				continue
-			case "image":
-				// Override push attribute
-				output.Attrs["push"] = "false"
-			}
-			i++
-		}
-		return outputs
-	}
-
-	// Force push to be enabled
-	setPush := true
-	for _, output := range outputs {
-		if output.Type != "docker" {
-			// If there is an output type that is not docker, don't set "push"
-			setPush = false
+func removeAttestDupes(s []string) []string {
+	res := []string{}
+	m := map[string]int{}
+	for _, v := range s {
+		att, err := buildflags.ParseAttest(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			res = append(res, v)
+			continue
 		}

-		// Set push attribute for image
-		if output.Type == "image" {
-			output.Attrs["push"] = "true"
+		if i, ok := m[att.Type]; ok {
+			res[i] = v
+		} else {
+			m[att.Type] = len(res)
+			res = append(res, v)
 		}
 	}
-
-	if setPush {
-		// No existing output that pushes so add one
-		outputs = append(outputs, &buildflags.ExportEntry{
-			Type: "image",
-			Attrs: map[string]string{
-				"push": "true",
-			},
-		})
-	}
-	return outputs
+	return res
 }

-func setLoadOverride(outputs []*buildflags.ExportEntry, load bool) []*buildflags.ExportEntry {
+func parseOutput(str string) map[string]string {
+	fields, err := csvvalue.Fields(str, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	res := map[string]string{}
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		parts := strings.SplitN(field, "=", 2)
+		if len(parts) == 2 {
+			res[parts[0]] = parts[1]
+		}
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+func parseOutputType(str string) string {
+	if out := parseOutput(str); out != nil {
+		if v, ok := out["type"]; ok {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func setPushOverride(outputs []string, push bool) []string {
+	var out []string
+	setPush := true
+	for _, output := range outputs {
+		typ := parseOutputType(output)
+		if typ == "image" || typ == "registry" {
+			// no need to set push if image or registry types already defined
+			setPush = false
+			if typ == "registry" {
+				if !push {
+					// don't set registry output if "push" is false
+					continue
+				}
+				// no need to set "push" attribute to true for registry
+				out = append(out, output)
+				continue
+			}
+			out = append(out, output+",push="+strconv.FormatBool(push))
+		} else {
+			if typ != "docker" {
+				// if there is any output that is not docker, don't set "push"
+				setPush = false
+			}
+			out = append(out, output)
+		}
+	}
+	if push && setPush {
+		out = append(out, "type=image,push=true")
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func setLoadOverride(outputs []string, load bool) []string {
 	if !load {
 		return outputs
 	}
-
+	setLoad := true
 	for _, output := range outputs {
-		switch output.Type {
-		case "docker":
-			// if dest is not set, we can reuse this entry and do not need to set load
-			if output.Destination == "" {
-				return outputs
+		if typ := parseOutputType(output); typ == "docker" {
+			if v := parseOutput(output); v != nil {
+				// dest set means we want to output as tar so don't set load
+				if _, ok := v["dest"]; !ok {
+					setLoad = false
+					break
+				}
 			}
-		case "image", "registry", "oci":
-			// Ignore
-		default:
+		} else if typ != "image" && typ != "registry" && typ != "oci" {
 			// if there is any output that is not an image, registry
 			// or oci, don't set "load" similar to push override
-			return outputs
+			setLoad = false
+			break
 		}
 	}
-
-	outputs = append(outputs, &buildflags.ExportEntry{
-		Type: "docker",
-	})
+	if setLoad {
+		outputs = append(outputs, "type=docker")
+	}
 	return outputs
 }

@@ -1547,9 +1528,14 @@ func sanitizeTargetName(target string) string {
 	return strings.ReplaceAll(target, ".", "_")
 }

-func isSubset(s1, s2 []string) bool {
-	for _, item := range s1 {
-		if !slices.Contains(s2, item) {
+func sliceEqual(s1, s2 []string) bool {
+	if len(s1) != len(s2) {
+		return false
+	}
+	sort.Strings(s1)
+	sort.Strings(s2)
+	for i := range s1 {
+		if s1[i] != s2[i] {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
@@ -1563,24 +1549,3 @@ func toNamedContexts(m map[string]string) map[string]build.NamedContext {
 	}
 	return m2
 }
-
-type arrValue[B any] interface {
-	encoding.TextUnmarshaler
-	*B
-}
-
-func parseArrValue[T any, PT arrValue[T]](s []string) ([]*T, error) {
-	outputs := make([]*T, 0, len(s))
-	for _, text := range s {
-		if text == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		output := new(T)
-		if err := PT(output).UnmarshalText([]byte(text)); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		outputs = append(outputs, output)
-	}
-	return outputs, nil
-}
--- a/bake/bake_test.go
+++ b/bake/bake_test.go
--- a/bake/compose.go
+++ b/bake/compose.go
@@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/consts"
 	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/dotenv"
 	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/loader"
 	composetypes "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/types"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/buildflags"
 	dockeropts "github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
@@ -103,12 +102,6 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 				shmSize = &shmSizeStr
 			}

-			var networkModeP *string
-			if s.Build.Network != "" {
-				networkMode := s.Build.Network
-				networkModeP = &networkMode
-			}
-
 			var ulimits []string
 			if s.Build.Ulimits != nil {
 				for n, u := range s.Build.Ulimits {
@@ -120,16 +113,14 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 				}
 			}

-			var ssh []*buildflags.SSH
+			var ssh []string
 			for _, bkey := range s.Build.SSH {
 				sshkey := composeToBuildkitSSH(bkey)
 				ssh = append(ssh, sshkey)
 			}
-			slices.SortFunc(ssh, func(a, b *buildflags.SSH) int {
-				return a.Less(b)
-			})
+			sort.Strings(ssh)

-			var secrets []*buildflags.Secret
+			var secrets []string
 			for _, bs := range s.Build.Secrets {
 				secret, err := composeToBuildkitSecret(bs, cfg.Secrets[bs.Source])
 				if err != nil {
@@ -145,16 +136,6 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 				labels[k] = &v
 			}

-			cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(s.Build.CacheFrom)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(s.Build.CacheTo)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
 			g.Targets = append(g.Targets, targetName)
 			t := &Target{
 				Name:             targetName,
@@ -171,9 +152,9 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 					val, ok := cfg.Environment[val]
 					return val, ok
 				})),
-				CacheFrom:   cacheFrom,
-				CacheTo:     cacheTo,
-				NetworkMode: networkModeP,
+				CacheFrom:   s.Build.CacheFrom,
+				CacheTo:     s.Build.CacheTo,
+				NetworkMode: &s.Build.Network,
 				SSH:         ssh,
 				Secrets:     secrets,
 				ShmSize:     shmSize,
@@ -192,6 +173,7 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 			c.Targets = append(c.Targets, t)
 		}
 		c.Groups = append(c.Groups, g)
+
 	}

 	return &c, nil
@@ -310,10 +292,8 @@ type xbake struct {
 	// https://github.com/docker/docs/blob/main/content/build/bake/compose-file.md#extension-field-with-x-bake
 }

-type (
-	stringMap   map[string]string
-	stringArray []string
-)
+type stringMap map[string]string
+type stringArray []string

 func (sa *stringArray) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	var multi []string
@@ -349,45 +329,23 @@ func (t *Target) composeExtTarget(exts map[string]interface{}) error {
 		t.Tags = dedupSlice(append(t.Tags, xb.Tags...))
 	}
 	if len(xb.CacheFrom) > 0 {
-		cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(xb.CacheFrom)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		t.CacheFrom = t.CacheFrom.Merge(cacheFrom)
+		t.CacheFrom = dedupSlice(append(t.CacheFrom, xb.CacheFrom...))
 	}
 	if len(xb.CacheTo) > 0 {
-		cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(xb.CacheTo)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		t.CacheTo = t.CacheTo.Merge(cacheTo)
+		t.CacheTo = dedupSlice(append(t.CacheTo, xb.CacheTo...))
 	}
 	if len(xb.Secrets) > 0 {
-		secrets, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.Secret](xb.Secrets)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		t.Secrets = t.Secrets.Merge(secrets)
+		t.Secrets = dedupSlice(append(t.Secrets, xb.Secrets...))
 	}
 	if len(xb.SSH) > 0 {
-		ssh, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.SSH](xb.SSH)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		t.SSH = t.SSH.Merge(ssh)
-		slices.SortFunc(t.SSH, func(a, b *buildflags.SSH) int {
-			return a.Less(b)
-		})
+		t.SSH = dedupSlice(append(t.SSH, xb.SSH...))
+		sort.Strings(t.SSH)
 	}
 	if len(xb.Platforms) > 0 {
 		t.Platforms = dedupSlice(append(t.Platforms, xb.Platforms...))
 	}
 	if len(xb.Outputs) > 0 {
-		outputs, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.ExportEntry](xb.Outputs)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		t.Outputs = t.Outputs.Merge(outputs)
+		t.Outputs = dedupSlice(append(t.Outputs, xb.Outputs...))
 	}
 	if xb.Pull != nil {
 		t.Pull = xb.Pull
@@ -407,30 +365,35 @@ func (t *Target) composeExtTarget(exts map[string]interface{}) error {

 // composeToBuildkitSecret converts secret from compose format to buildkit's
 // csv format.
-func composeToBuildkitSecret(inp composetypes.ServiceSecretConfig, psecret composetypes.SecretConfig) (*buildflags.Secret, error) {
+func composeToBuildkitSecret(inp composetypes.ServiceSecretConfig, psecret composetypes.SecretConfig) (string, error) {
 	if psecret.External {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported external secret %s", psecret.Name)
+		return "", errors.Errorf("unsupported external secret %s", psecret.Name)
 	}

-	secret := &buildflags.Secret{}
+	var bkattrs []string
 	if inp.Source != "" {
-		secret.ID = inp.Source
+		bkattrs = append(bkattrs, "id="+inp.Source)
 	}
 	if psecret.File != "" {
-		secret.FilePath = psecret.File
+		bkattrs = append(bkattrs, "src="+psecret.File)
 	}
 	if psecret.Environment != "" {
-		secret.Env = psecret.Environment
+		bkattrs = append(bkattrs, "env="+psecret.Environment)
 	}
-	return secret, nil
+
+	return strings.Join(bkattrs, ","), nil
 }

 // composeToBuildkitSSH converts secret from compose format to buildkit's
 // csv format.
-func composeToBuildkitSSH(sshKey composetypes.SSHKey) *buildflags.SSH {
-	bkssh := &buildflags.SSH{ID: sshKey.ID}
+func composeToBuildkitSSH(sshKey composetypes.SSHKey) string {
+	var bkattrs []string
+
+	bkattrs = append(bkattrs, sshKey.ID)
+
 	if sshKey.Path != "" {
-		bkssh.Paths = []string{sshKey.Path}
+		bkattrs = append(bkattrs, sshKey.Path)
 	}
-	return bkssh
+
+	return strings.Join(bkattrs, "=")
 }
--- a/bake/compose_test.go
+++ b/bake/compose_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 )

 func TestParseCompose(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  db:
    build: ./db
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ services:
      cache_to:
        - type=local,dest=path/to/cache
      ssh:
-        - key=/path/to/key
+        - key=path/to/key
        - default
      secrets:
        - token
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ secrets:
 	require.Equal(t, "Dockerfile-alternate", *c.Targets[1].Dockerfile)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets[1].Args))
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("123"), c.Targets[1].Args["buildno"])
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, stringify(c.Targets[1].CacheFrom))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, stringify(c.Targets[1].CacheTo))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[1].CacheFrom)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[1].CacheTo)
 	require.Equal(t, "none", *c.Targets[1].NetworkMode)
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=/path/to/key"}, stringify(c.Targets[1].SSH))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key"}, c.Targets[1].SSH)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{
-		"id=aws,src=/root/.aws/credentials",
 		"id=token,env=ENV_TOKEN",
-	}, stringify(c.Targets[1].Secrets))
+		"id=aws,src=/root/.aws/credentials",
+	}, c.Targets[1].Secrets)

 	require.Equal(t, "webapp2", c.Targets[2].Name)
 	require.Equal(t, "dir", *c.Targets[2].Context)
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ secrets:
 }

 func TestNoBuildOutOfTreeService(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
    external:
        image: "verycooldb:1337"
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestParseComposeTarget(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  db:
    build:
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestComposeBuildWithoutContext(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  db:
    build:
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestBuildArgEnvCompose(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 version: "3.8"
 services:
  example:
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestInconsistentComposeFile(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  webapp:
    entrypoint: echo 1
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestAdvancedNetwork(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  db:
    networks:
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ networks:
 }

 func TestTags(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  example:
    image: example
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestDependsOnList(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 version: "3.8"

 services:
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ networks:
 }

 func TestComposeExt(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  addon:
    image: ct-addon:bar
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ services:
      tags:
        - ct-addon:baz
      ssh:
-        key: /path/to/key
+        key: path/to/key
      args:
        CT_ECR: foo
        CT_TAG: bar
@@ -336,23 +336,23 @@ services:
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{"CT_ECR": ptrstr("foo"), "CT_TAG": ptrstr("bar")}, c.Targets[0].Args)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"ct-addon:baz", "ct-addon:foo", "ct-addon:alp"}, c.Targets[0].Tags)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"}, c.Targets[0].Platforms)
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache", "user/app:cache"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].CacheFrom))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=path/to/cache", "user/app:cache"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].CacheTo))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=/path/to/key", "other=path/to/otherkey"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].SSH))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheFrom)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheTo)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key", "other=path/to/otherkey"}, c.Targets[0].SSH)
 	require.Equal(t, newBool(true), c.Targets[0].Pull)
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"alpine": "docker-image://alpine:3.13"}, c.Targets[0].Contexts)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"ct-fake-aws:bar"}, c.Targets[1].Tags)
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"id=mysecret,src=/local/secret", "id=mysecret2,src=/local/secret2"}, stringify(c.Targets[1].Secrets))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"default"}, stringify(c.Targets[1].SSH))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"id=mysecret,src=/local/secret", "id=mysecret2,src=/local/secret2"}, c.Targets[1].Secrets)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default"}, c.Targets[1].SSH)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"linux/arm64"}, c.Targets[1].Platforms)
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker"}, stringify(c.Targets[1].Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker"}, c.Targets[1].Outputs)
 	require.Equal(t, newBool(true), c.Targets[1].NoCache)
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("128MiB"), c.Targets[1].ShmSize)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"nofile=1024:1024"}, c.Targets[1].Ulimits)
 }

 func TestComposeExtDedup(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  webapp:
    image: app:bar
@@ -383,9 +383,9 @@ services:
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"ct-addon:foo", "ct-addon:baz"}, c.Targets[0].Tags)
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache", "user/app:cache"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].CacheFrom))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=path/to/cache", "user/app:cache"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].CacheTo))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].SSH))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,src=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheFrom)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache", "type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, c.Targets[0].CacheTo)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key"}, c.Targets[0].SSH)
 }

 func TestEnv(t *testing.T) {
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ func TestEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err = envf.WriteString("FOO=bsdf -csdf\n")
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  scratch:
    build:
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ func TestDotEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpdir, ".env"), []byte("FOO=bar"), 0644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  scratch:
    build:
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestPorts(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  foo:
    build:
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ target "default" {
 }

 func TestComposeNullArgs(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  scratch:
    build:
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestDependsOn(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  foo:
    build:
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ services:
 `), 0644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 include:
  - compose-foo.yml

@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestDevelop(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  scratch:
    build:
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestCgroup(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  scratch:
    build:
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ services:
 }

 func TestProjectName(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
+	var dt = []byte(`
 services:
  scratch:
    build:
--- a/bake/entitlements.go
+++ b/bake/entitlements.go
@@ -2,24 +2,17 @@ package bake

 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/fs"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"syscall"

 	"github.com/containerd/console"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/osutil"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )

 type EntitlementKey string
@@ -74,8 +67,10 @@ func ParseEntitlements(in []string) (EntitlementConf, error) {
 				conf.ImagePush = append(conf.ImagePush, v)
 				conf.ImageLoad = append(conf.ImageLoad, v)
 			default:
-				return conf, errors.Errorf("unknown entitlement key %q", k)
+				return conf, errors.Errorf("uknown entitlement key %q", k)
 			}
+
+			// TODO: dedupe slices and parent paths
 		}
 	}
 	return conf, nil
@@ -106,66 +101,10 @@ func (c EntitlementConf) check(bo build.Options, expected *EntitlementConf) erro
 			}
 		}
 	}
-
-	rwPaths := map[string]struct{}{}
-	roPaths := map[string]struct{}{}
-
-	for _, p := range collectLocalPaths(bo.Inputs) {
-		roPaths[p] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range bo.ExportsLocalPathsTemporary {
-		rwPaths[p] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for _, ce := range bo.CacheTo {
-		if ce.Type == "local" {
-			if dest, ok := ce.Attrs["dest"]; ok {
-				rwPaths[dest] = struct{}{}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, ci := range bo.CacheFrom {
-		if ci.Type == "local" {
-			if src, ok := ci.Attrs["src"]; ok {
-				roPaths[src] = struct{}{}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, secret := range bo.SecretSpecs {
-		if secret.FilePath != "" {
-			roPaths[secret.FilePath] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, ssh := range bo.SSHSpecs {
-		for _, p := range ssh.Paths {
-			roPaths[p] = struct{}{}
-		}
-		if len(ssh.Paths) == 0 {
-			if !c.SSH {
-				expected.SSH = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	expected.FSRead, err = findMissingPaths(c.FSRead, roPaths)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	expected.FSWrite, err = findMissingPaths(c.FSWrite, rwPaths)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }

-func (c EntitlementConf) Prompt(ctx context.Context, isRemote bool, out io.Writer) error {
+func (c EntitlementConf) Prompt(ctx context.Context, out io.Writer) error {
 	var term bool
 	if _, err := console.ConsoleFromFile(os.Stdin); err == nil {
 		term = true
@@ -174,78 +113,32 @@ func (c EntitlementConf) Prompt(ctx context.Context, isRemote bool, out io.Write
 	var msgs []string
 	var flags []string

-	// these warnings are currently disabled to give users time to update
-	var msgsFS []string
-	var flagsFS []string
-
 	if c.NetworkHost {
 		msgs = append(msgs, " - Running build containers that can access host network")
-		flags = append(flags, string(EntitlementKeyNetworkHost))
+		flags = append(flags, "network.host")
 	}
 	if c.SecurityInsecure {
 		msgs = append(msgs, " - Running privileged containers that can make system changes")
-		flags = append(flags, string(EntitlementKeySecurityInsecure))
+		flags = append(flags, "security.insecure")
 	}

-	if c.SSH {
-		msgsFS = append(msgsFS, " - Forwarding default SSH agent socket")
-		flagsFS = append(flagsFS, string(EntitlementKeySSH))
-	}
-
-	roPaths, rwPaths, commonPaths := groupSamePaths(c.FSRead, c.FSWrite)
-	wd, err := os.Getwd()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get current working directory")
-	}
-	wd, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(wd)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to evaluate working directory")
-	}
-	roPaths = toRelativePaths(roPaths, wd)
-	rwPaths = toRelativePaths(rwPaths, wd)
-	commonPaths = toRelativePaths(commonPaths, wd)
-
-	if len(commonPaths) > 0 {
-		for _, p := range commonPaths {
-			msgsFS = append(msgsFS, fmt.Sprintf(" - Read and write access to path %s", p))
-			flagsFS = append(flagsFS, string(EntitlementKeyFS)+"="+p)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(roPaths) > 0 {
-		for _, p := range roPaths {
-			msgsFS = append(msgsFS, fmt.Sprintf(" - Read access to path %s", p))
-			flagsFS = append(flagsFS, string(EntitlementKeyFSRead)+"="+p)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(rwPaths) > 0 {
-		for _, p := range rwPaths {
-			msgsFS = append(msgsFS, fmt.Sprintf(" - Write access to path %s", p))
-			flagsFS = append(flagsFS, string(EntitlementKeyFSWrite)+"="+p)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(msgs) == 0 && len(msgsFS) == 0 {
+	if len(msgs) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}

 	fmt.Fprintf(out, "Your build is requesting privileges for following possibly insecure capabilities:\n\n")
-	for _, m := range slices.Concat(msgs, msgsFS) {
+	for _, m := range msgs {
 		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s\n", m)
 	}

 	for i, f := range flags {
 		flags[i] = "--allow=" + f
 	}
-	for i, f := range flagsFS {
-		flagsFS[i] = "--allow=" + f
-	}

 	if term {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nIn order to not see this message in the future pass %q to grant requested privileges.\n", strings.Join(slices.Concat(flags, flagsFS), " "))
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nIn order to not see this message in the future pass %q to grant requested privileges.\n", strings.Join(flags, " "))
 	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nPass %q to grant requested privileges.\n", strings.Join(slices.Concat(flags, flagsFS), " "))
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nPass %q to grant requested privileges.\n", strings.Join(flags, " "))
 	}

 	args := append([]string(nil), os.Args...)
@@ -256,33 +149,7 @@ func (c EntitlementConf) Prompt(ctx context.Context, isRemote bool, out io.Write

 	if idx != -1 {
 		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nYour full command with requested privileges:\n\n")
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s %s %s\n\n", strings.Join(args[:idx+1], " "), strings.Join(slices.Concat(flags, flagsFS), " "), strings.Join(args[idx+1:], " "))
-	}
-
-	fsEntitlementsEnabled := true
-	if isRemote {
-		if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("BAKE_ALLOW_REMOTE_FS_ACCESS"); ok {
-			vv, err := strconv.ParseBool(v)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse BAKE_ALLOW_REMOTE_FS_ACCESS value %q", v)
-			}
-			fsEntitlementsEnabled = !vv
-		}
-	}
-	v, fsEntitlementsSet := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_BAKE_ENTITLEMENTS_FS")
-	if fsEntitlementsSet {
-		vv, err := strconv.ParseBool(v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse BUILDX_BAKE_ENTITLEMENTS_FS value %q", v)
-		}
-		fsEntitlementsEnabled = vv
-	}
-
-	if !fsEntitlementsEnabled && len(msgs) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if fsEntitlementsEnabled && !fsEntitlementsSet && len(msgsFS) != 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "To disable filesystem entitlements checks, you can set BUILDX_BAKE_ENTITLEMENTS_FS=0 .\n\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s %s %s\n\n", strings.Join(args[:idx+1], " "), strings.Join(flags, " "), strings.Join(args[idx+1:], " "))
 	}

 	if term {
@@ -306,296 +173,3 @@ func (c EntitlementConf) Prompt(ctx context.Context, isRemote bool, out io.Write

 	return errors.Errorf("additional privileges requested")
 }
-
-func isParentOrEqualPath(p, parent string) bool {
-	if p == parent || parent == "/" {
-		return true
-	}
-	if strings.HasPrefix(p, filepath.Clean(parent+string(filepath.Separator))) {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func findMissingPaths(set []string, paths map[string]struct{}) ([]string, error) {
-	set, allowAny, err := evaluatePaths(set)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else if allowAny {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	paths, err = evaluateToExistingPaths(paths)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	paths, err = dedupPaths(paths)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(paths))
-loop0:
-	for p := range paths {
-		for _, c := range set {
-			if isParentOrEqualPath(p, c) {
-				continue loop0
-			}
-		}
-		out = append(out, p)
-	}
-	if len(out) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(out)
-
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func dedupPaths(in map[string]struct{}) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
-	arr := make([]string, 0, len(in))
-	for p := range in {
-		arr = append(arr, filepath.Clean(p))
-	}
-
-	slices.SortFunc(arr, func(a, b string) int {
-		return cmp.Compare(len(a), len(b))
-	})
-
-	m := make(map[string]struct{}, len(arr))
-loop0:
-	for _, p := range arr {
-		for parent := range m {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(p, parent+string(filepath.Separator)) {
-				continue loop0
-			}
-		}
-		m[p] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return m, nil
-}
-
-func toRelativePaths(in []string, wd string) []string {
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(in))
-	for _, p := range in {
-		rel, err := filepath.Rel(wd, p)
-		if err == nil {
-			// allow up to one level of ".." in the path
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)+"..") {
-				out = append(out, rel)
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-		out = append(out, p)
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-func groupSamePaths(in1, in2 []string) ([]string, []string, []string) {
-	if in1 == nil || in2 == nil {
-		return in1, in2, nil
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(in1)
-	slices.Sort(in2)
-
-	common := []string{}
-	i, j := 0, 0
-
-	for i < len(in1) && j < len(in2) {
-		switch {
-		case in1[i] == in2[j]:
-			common = append(common, in1[i])
-			i++
-			j++
-		case in1[i] < in2[j]:
-			i++
-		default:
-			j++
-		}
-	}
-
-	in1 = removeCommonPaths(in1, common)
-	in2 = removeCommonPaths(in2, common)
-
-	return in1, in2, common
-}
-
-func removeCommonPaths(in, common []string) []string {
-	filtered := make([]string, 0, len(in))
-	commonIndex := 0
-	for _, path := range in {
-		if commonIndex < len(common) && path == common[commonIndex] {
-			commonIndex++
-			continue
-		}
-		filtered = append(filtered, path)
-	}
-	return filtered
-}
-
-func evaluatePaths(in []string) ([]string, bool, error) {
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(in))
-	allowAny := false
-	for _, p := range in {
-		if p == "*" {
-			allowAny = true
-			continue
-		}
-		v, err := filepath.Abs(p)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Warnf("failed to evaluate entitlement path %q: %v", p, err)
-			continue
-		}
-		v, rest, err := evaluateToExistingPath(v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to evaluate path %q", p)
-		}
-		v, err = osutil.GetLongPathName(v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to evaluate path %q", p)
-		}
-		if rest != "" {
-			v = filepath.Join(v, rest)
-		}
-		out = append(out, v)
-	}
-	return out, allowAny, nil
-}
-
-func evaluateToExistingPaths(in map[string]struct{}) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
-	m := make(map[string]struct{}, len(in))
-	for p := range in {
-		v, _, err := evaluateToExistingPath(p)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to evaluate path %q", p)
-		}
-		v, err = osutil.GetLongPathName(v)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to evaluate path %q", p)
-		}
-		m[v] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return m, nil
-}
-
-func evaluateToExistingPath(in string) (string, string, error) {
-	in, err := filepath.Abs(in)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", err
-	}
-
-	volLen := volumeNameLen(in)
-	pathSeparator := string(os.PathSeparator)
-
-	if volLen < len(in) && os.IsPathSeparator(in[volLen]) {
-		volLen++
-	}
-	vol := in[:volLen]
-	dest := vol
-	linksWalked := 0
-	var end int
-	for start := volLen; start < len(in); start = end {
-		for start < len(in) && os.IsPathSeparator(in[start]) {
-			start++
-		}
-		end = start
-		for end < len(in) && !os.IsPathSeparator(in[end]) {
-			end++
-		}
-
-		if end == start {
-			break
-		} else if in[start:end] == "." {
-			continue
-		} else if in[start:end] == ".." {
-			var r int
-			for r = len(dest) - 1; r >= volLen; r-- {
-				if os.IsPathSeparator(dest[r]) {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if r < volLen || dest[r+1:] == ".." {
-				if len(dest) > volLen {
-					dest += pathSeparator
-				}
-				dest += ".."
-			} else {
-				dest = dest[:r]
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if len(dest) > volumeNameLen(dest) && !os.IsPathSeparator(dest[len(dest)-1]) {
-			dest += pathSeparator
-		}
-		dest += in[start:end]
-
-		fi, err := os.Lstat(dest)
-		if err != nil {
-			// If the component doesn't exist, return the last valid path
-			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				for r := len(dest) - 1; r >= volLen; r-- {
-					if os.IsPathSeparator(dest[r]) {
-						return dest[:r], in[start:], nil
-					}
-				}
-				return vol, in[start:], nil
-			}
-			return "", "", err
-		}
-
-		if fi.Mode()&fs.ModeSymlink == 0 {
-			if !fi.Mode().IsDir() && end < len(in) {
-				return "", "", syscall.ENOTDIR
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		linksWalked++
-		if linksWalked > 255 {
-			return "", "", errors.New("too many symlinks")
-		}
-
-		link, err := os.Readlink(dest)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", err
-		}
-
-		in = link + in[end:]
-
-		v := volumeNameLen(link)
-		if v > 0 {
-			if v < len(link) && os.IsPathSeparator(link[v]) {
-				v++
-			}
-			vol = link[:v]
-			dest = vol
-			end = len(vol)
-		} else if len(link) > 0 && os.IsPathSeparator(link[0]) {
-			dest = link[:1]
-			end = 1
-			vol = link[:1]
-			volLen = 1
-		} else {
-			var r int
-			for r = len(dest) - 1; r >= volLen; r-- {
-				if os.IsPathSeparator(dest[r]) {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if r < volLen {
-				dest = vol
-			} else {
-				dest = dest[:r]
-			}
-			end = 0
-		}
-	}
-	return filepath.Clean(dest), "", nil
-}
-
-func volumeNameLen(s string) int {
-	return len(filepath.VolumeName(s))
-}
--- a/bake/entitlements_test.go
+++ b/bake/entitlements_test.go
@@ -1,486 +0,0 @@
-package bake
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/osutil"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestEvaluateToExistingPath(t *testing.T) {
-	tempDir, err := osutil.GetLongPathName(t.TempDir())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Setup temporary directory structure for testing
-	existingFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "existing_file")
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(existingFile, []byte("test"), 0644))
-
-	existingDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "existing_dir")
-	require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(existingDir, 0755))
-
-	symlinkToFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "symlink_to_file")
-	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(existingFile, symlinkToFile))
-
-	symlinkToDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "symlink_to_dir")
-	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(existingDir, symlinkToDir))
-
-	nonexistentPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "nonexistent", "path", "file.txt")
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name      string
-		input     string
-		expected  string
-		expectErr bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:      "Existing file",
-			input:     existingFile,
-			expected:  existingFile,
-			expectErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "Existing directory",
-			input:     existingDir,
-			expected:  existingDir,
-			expectErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "Symlink to file",
-			input:     symlinkToFile,
-			expected:  existingFile,
-			expectErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "Symlink to directory",
-			input:     symlinkToDir,
-			expected:  existingDir,
-			expectErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "Non-existent path",
-			input:     nonexistentPath,
-			expected:  tempDir,
-			expectErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "Non-existent intermediate path",
-			input:     filepath.Join(tempDir, "nonexistent", "file.txt"),
-			expected:  tempDir,
-			expectErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "Root path",
-			input: "/",
-			expected: func() string {
-				root, _ := filepath.Abs("/")
-				return root
-			}(),
-			expectErr: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result, _, err := evaluateToExistingPath(tt.input)
-
-			if tt.expectErr {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-			} else {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDedupePaths(t *testing.T) {
-	wd := osutil.GetWd()
-	tcases := []struct {
-		in  map[string]struct{}
-		out map[string]struct{}
-	}{
-		{
-			in: map[string]struct{}{
-				"/a/b/c": {},
-				"/a/b/d": {},
-				"/a/b/e": {},
-			},
-			out: map[string]struct{}{
-				"/a/b/c": {},
-				"/a/b/d": {},
-				"/a/b/e": {},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			in: map[string]struct{}{
-				"/a/b/c":      {},
-				"/a/b/c/d":    {},
-				"/a/b/c/d/e":  {},
-				"/a/b/../b/c": {},
-			},
-			out: map[string]struct{}{
-				"/a/b/c": {},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			in: map[string]struct{}{
-				filepath.Join(wd, "a/b/c"):    {},
-				filepath.Join(wd, "../aa"):    {},
-				filepath.Join(wd, "a/b"):      {},
-				filepath.Join(wd, "a/b/d"):    {},
-				filepath.Join(wd, "../aa/b"):  {},
-				filepath.Join(wd, "../../bb"): {},
-			},
-			out: map[string]struct{}{
-				"a/b":                         {},
-				"../aa":                       {},
-				filepath.Join(wd, "../../bb"): {},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for i, tc := range tcases {
-		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("case%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			out, err := dedupPaths(tc.in)
-			if err != nil {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-			// convert to relative paths as that is shown to user
-			arr := make([]string, 0, len(out))
-			for k := range out {
-				arr = append(arr, k)
-			}
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			arr = toRelativePaths(arr, wd)
-			m := make(map[string]struct{})
-			for _, v := range arr {
-				m[filepath.ToSlash(v)] = struct{}{}
-			}
-			o := make(map[string]struct{}, len(tc.out))
-			for k := range tc.out {
-				o[filepath.ToSlash(k)] = struct{}{}
-			}
-			require.Equal(t, o, m)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestValidateEntitlements(t *testing.T) {
-	dir1 := t.TempDir()
-	dir2 := t.TempDir()
-
-	// the paths returned by entitlements validation will have symlinks resolved
-	expDir1, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(dir1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expDir2, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(dir2)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	escapeLink := filepath.Join(dir1, "escape_link")
-	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink("../../aa", escapeLink))
-
-	wd, err := os.Getwd()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expWd, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(wd)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tcases := []struct {
-		name     string
-		conf     EntitlementConf
-		opt      build.Options
-		expected EntitlementConf
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "No entitlements",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				Inputs: build.Inputs{
-					ContextState: &llb.State{},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "NetworkHostMissing",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				Allow: []entitlements.Entitlement{
-					entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost,
-				},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				NetworkHost: true,
-				FSRead:      []string{expWd},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "NetworkHostSet",
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				NetworkHost: true,
-			},
-			opt: build.Options{
-				Allow: []entitlements.Entitlement{
-					entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost,
-				},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead: []string{expWd},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "SecurityAndNetworkHostMissing",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				Allow: []entitlements.Entitlement{
-					entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost,
-					entitlements.EntitlementSecurityInsecure,
-				},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				NetworkHost:      true,
-				SecurityInsecure: true,
-				FSRead:           []string{expWd},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "SecurityMissingAndNetworkHostSet",
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				NetworkHost: true,
-			},
-			opt: build.Options{
-				Allow: []entitlements.Entitlement{
-					entitlements.EntitlementNetworkHost,
-					entitlements.EntitlementSecurityInsecure,
-				},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				SecurityInsecure: true,
-				FSRead:           []string{expWd},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "SSHMissing",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				SSHSpecs: []*pb.SSH{
-					{
-						ID: "test",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				SSH:    true,
-				FSRead: []string{expWd},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "ExportLocal",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				ExportsLocalPathsTemporary: []string{
-					dir1,
-					filepath.Join(dir1, "subdir"),
-					dir2,
-				},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				FSWrite: func() []string {
-					exp := []string{expDir1, expDir2}
-					slices.Sort(exp)
-					return exp
-				}(),
-				FSRead: []string{expWd},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "SecretFromSubFile",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				SecretSpecs: []*pb.Secret{
-					{
-						FilePath: filepath.Join(dir1, "subfile"),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead: []string{wd, dir1},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "SecretFromEscapeLink",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				SecretSpecs: []*pb.Secret{
-					{
-						FilePath: escapeLink,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead: []string{wd, dir1},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead: []string{filepath.Join(expDir1, "../..")},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "SecretFromEscapeLinkAllowRoot",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				SecretSpecs: []*pb.Secret{
-					{
-						FilePath: escapeLink,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead: []string{"/"},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead: func() []string {
-					// on windows root (/) is only allowed if it is the same volume as wd
-					if filepath.VolumeName(wd) == filepath.VolumeName(escapeLink) {
-						return nil
-					}
-					// if not, then escapeLink is not allowed
-					exp, _, err := evaluateToExistingPath(escapeLink)
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-					exp, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(exp)
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-					return []string{exp}
-				}(),
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "SecretFromEscapeLinkAllowAny",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				SecretSpecs: []*pb.Secret{
-					{
-						FilePath: escapeLink,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead: []string{"*"},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "NonExistingAllowedPathSubpath",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				ExportsLocalPathsTemporary: []string{
-					dir1,
-				},
-			},
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead:  []string{wd},
-				FSWrite: []string{filepath.Join(dir1, "not/exists")},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				FSWrite: []string{expDir1}, // dir1 is still needed as only subpath was allowed
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "NonExistingAllowedPathMatches",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				ExportsLocalPathsTemporary: []string{
-					filepath.Join(dir1, "not/exists"),
-				},
-			},
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead:  []string{wd},
-				FSWrite: []string{filepath.Join(dir1, "not/exists")},
-			},
-			expected: EntitlementConf{
-				FSWrite: []string{expDir1}, // dir1 is still needed as build also needs to write not/exists directory
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "NonExistingBuildPath",
-			opt: build.Options{
-				ExportsLocalPathsTemporary: []string{
-					filepath.Join(dir1, "not/exists"),
-				},
-			},
-			conf: EntitlementConf{
-				FSRead:  []string{wd},
-				FSWrite: []string{dir1},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tcases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			expected, err := tc.conf.Validate(map[string]build.Options{"test": tc.opt})
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.Equal(t, tc.expected, expected)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGroupSamePaths(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name      string
-		in1       []string
-		in2       []string
-		expected1 []string
-		expected2 []string
-		expectedC []string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:      "All common paths",
-			in1:       []string{"/path/a", "/path/b", "/path/c"},
-			in2:       []string{"/path/a", "/path/b", "/path/c"},
-			expected1: []string{},
-			expected2: []string{},
-			expectedC: []string{"/path/a", "/path/b", "/path/c"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "No common paths",
-			in1:       []string{"/path/a", "/path/b"},
-			in2:       []string{"/path/c", "/path/d"},
-			expected1: []string{"/path/a", "/path/b"},
-			expected2: []string{"/path/c", "/path/d"},
-			expectedC: []string{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "Some common paths",
-			in1:       []string{"/path/a", "/path/b", "/path/c"},
-			in2:       []string{"/path/b", "/path/c", "/path/d"},
-			expected1: []string{"/path/a"},
-			expected2: []string{"/path/d"},
-			expectedC: []string{"/path/b", "/path/c"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "Empty inputs",
-			in1:       []string{},
-			in2:       []string{},
-			expected1: []string{},
-			expected2: []string{},
-			expectedC: []string{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "One empty input",
-			in1:       []string{"/path/a", "/path/b"},
-			in2:       []string{},
-			expected1: []string{"/path/a", "/path/b"},
-			expected2: []string{},
-			expectedC: []string{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "Unsorted inputs with common paths",
-			in1:       []string{"/path/c", "/path/a", "/path/b"},
-			in2:       []string{"/path/b", "/path/c", "/path/a"},
-			expected1: []string{},
-			expected2: []string{},
-			expectedC: []string{"/path/a", "/path/b", "/path/c"},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			out1, out2, common := groupSamePaths(tt.in1, tt.in2)
-			require.Equal(t, tt.expected1, out1, "in1 should match expected1")
-			require.Equal(t, tt.expected2, out2, "in2 should match expected2")
-			require.Equal(t, tt.expectedC, common, "common should match expectedC")
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/bake/hcl.go
+++ b/bake/hcl.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func formatHCLError(err error, files []File) error {
 					break
 				}
 			}
-			src := &errdefs.Source{
+			src := errdefs.Source{
 				Info: &pb.SourceInfo{
 					Filename: d.Subject.Filename,
 					Data:     dt,
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func formatHCLError(err error, files []File) error {

 func toErrRange(in *hcl.Range) *pb.Range {
 	return &pb.Range{
-		Start: &pb.Position{Line: int32(in.Start.Line), Character: int32(in.Start.Column)},
-		End:   &pb.Position{Line: int32(in.End.Line), Character: int32(in.End.Column)},
+		Start: pb.Position{Line: int32(in.Start.Line), Character: int32(in.Start.Column)},
+		End:   pb.Position{Line: int32(in.End.Line), Character: int32(in.End.Column)},
 	}
 }
--- a/bake/hcl_test.go
+++ b/bake/hcl_test.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ func TestHCLBasic(t *testing.T) {
 		target "db" {
 			context = "./db"
 			tags = ["docker.io/tonistiigi/db"]
-			output = ["type=image"]
 		}

 		target "webapp" {
@@ -26,9 +25,6 @@ func TestHCLBasic(t *testing.T) {
 			args = {
 				buildno = "123"
 			}
-			output = [
-				{ type = "image" }
-			]
 		}

 		target "cross" {
@@ -53,18 +49,18 @@ func TestHCLBasic(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"db", "webapp"}, c.Groups[0].Targets)

 	require.Equal(t, 4, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "db", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "db")
 	require.Equal(t, "./db", *c.Targets[0].Context)

-	require.Equal(t, "webapp", c.Targets[1].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Name, "webapp")
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets[1].Args))
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("123"), c.Targets[1].Args["buildno"])

-	require.Equal(t, "cross", c.Targets[2].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[2].Name, "cross")
 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets[2].Platforms))
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"}, c.Targets[2].Platforms)

-	require.Equal(t, "webapp-plus", c.Targets[3].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[3].Name, "webapp-plus")
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets[3].Args))
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{"IAMCROSS": ptrstr("true")}, c.Targets[3].Args)
 }
@@ -113,18 +109,18 @@ func TestHCLBasicInJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"db", "webapp"}, c.Groups[0].Targets)

 	require.Equal(t, 4, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "db", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "db")
 	require.Equal(t, "./db", *c.Targets[0].Context)

-	require.Equal(t, "webapp", c.Targets[1].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Name, "webapp")
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets[1].Args))
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("123"), c.Targets[1].Args["buildno"])

-	require.Equal(t, "cross", c.Targets[2].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[2].Name, "cross")
 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets[2].Platforms))
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"}, c.Targets[2].Platforms)

-	require.Equal(t, "webapp-plus", c.Targets[3].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[3].Name, "webapp-plus")
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets[3].Args))
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{"IAMCROSS": ptrstr("true")}, c.Targets[3].Args)
 }
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@ func TestHCLWithFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, c.Groups[0].Targets)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "webapp", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "webapp")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("124"), c.Targets[0].Args["buildno"])
 }

@@ -180,7 +176,7 @@ func TestHCLWithUserDefinedFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, c.Groups[0].Targets)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "webapp", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "webapp")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("124"), c.Targets[0].Args["buildno"])
 }

@@ -209,7 +205,7 @@ func TestHCLWithVariables(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, c.Groups[0].Targets)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "webapp", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "webapp")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("123"), c.Targets[0].Args["buildno"])

 	t.Setenv("BUILD_NUMBER", "456")
@@ -222,7 +218,7 @@ func TestHCLWithVariables(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, c.Groups[0].Targets)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "webapp", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "webapp")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("456"), c.Targets[0].Args["buildno"])
 }

@@ -245,7 +241,7 @@ func TestHCLWithVariablesInFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "webapp", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "webapp")
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/repo:v1"}, c.Targets[0].Tags)

 	t.Setenv("REPO", "docker/buildx")
@@ -254,7 +250,7 @@ func TestHCLWithVariablesInFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "webapp", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "webapp")
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"docker/buildx:v1"}, c.Targets[0].Tags)
 }

@@ -283,7 +279,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileSharedVariables(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("pre-abc"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("abc-post"), c.Targets[0].Args["v2"])

@@ -296,7 +292,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileSharedVariables(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("pre-def"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("def-post"), c.Targets[0].Args["v2"])
 }
@@ -332,7 +328,7 @@ func TestHCLVarsWithVars(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("pre--ABCDEF-"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("ABCDEF-post"), c.Targets[0].Args["v2"])

@@ -345,7 +341,7 @@ func TestHCLVarsWithVars(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("pre--NEWDEF-"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("NEWDEF-post"), c.Targets[0].Args["v2"])
 }
@@ -370,7 +366,7 @@ func TestHCLTypedVariables(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("lower"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("yes"), c.Targets[0].Args["v2"])

@@ -381,7 +377,7 @@ func TestHCLTypedVariables(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("higher"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("no"), c.Targets[0].Args["v2"])

@@ -479,7 +475,7 @@ func TestHCLAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("attr-abcdef"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])

 	// env does not apply if no variable
@@ -488,7 +484,7 @@ func TestHCLAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("attr-abcdef"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 	// attr-multifile
 }
@@ -596,126 +592,11 @@ func TestHCLAttrsCustomType(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"linux/arm64", "linux/amd64"}, c.Targets[0].Platforms)
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("linux/arm64"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 }

-func TestHCLAttrsCapsuleType(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
-	target "app" {
-		attest = [
-			{ type = "provenance", mode = "max" },
-			"type=sbom,disabled=true",
-		]
-
-		cache-from = [
-			{ type = "registry", ref = "user/app:cache" },
-			"type=local,src=path/to/cache",
-		]
-
-		cache-to = [
-			{ type = "local", dest = "path/to/cache" },
-		]
-
-		output = [
-			{ type = "oci", dest = "../out.tar" },
-			"type=local,dest=../out",
-		]
-
-		secret = [
-			{ id = "mysecret", src = "/local/secret" },
-			{ id = "mysecret2", env = "TOKEN" },
-		]
-
-		ssh = [
-			{ id = "default" },
-			{ id = "key", paths = ["path/to/key"] },
-		]
-	}
-	`)
-
-	c, err := ParseFile(dt, "docker-bake.hcl")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=provenance,mode=max", "type=sbom,disabled=true"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].Attest))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=../out", "type=oci,dest=../out.tar"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].Outputs))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache", "user/app:cache"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].CacheFrom))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=path/to/cache"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].CacheTo))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"id=mysecret,src=/local/secret", "id=mysecret2,env=TOKEN"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].Secrets))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/key"}, stringify(c.Targets[0].SSH))
-}
-
-func TestHCLAttrsCapsuleTypeVars(t *testing.T) {
-	dt := []byte(`
-	variable "foo" {
-		default = "bar"
-	}
-
-	target "app" {
-		cache-from = [
-			{ type = "registry", ref = "user/app:cache" },
-			"type=local,src=path/to/cache",
-		]
-
-		cache-to = [ target.app.cache-from[0] ]
-
-		output = [
-			{ type = "oci", dest = "../out.tar" },
-			"type=local,dest=../out",
-		]
-
-		secret = [
-			{ id = "mysecret", src = "/local/secret" },
-		]
-
-		ssh = [
-			{ id = "default" },
-			{ id = "key", paths = ["path/to/${target.app.output[0].type}"] },
-		]
-	}
-
-	target "web" {
-		cache-from = target.app.cache-from
-
-		output = [ "type=oci,dest=../${foo}.tar" ]
-
-		secret = [
-			{ id = target.app.output[0].type, src = "/${target.app.cache-from[1].type}/secret" },
-		]
-	}
-	`)
-
-	c, err := ParseFile(dt, "docker-bake.hcl")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets))
-
-	findTarget := func(t *testing.T, name string) *Target {
-		t.Helper()
-		for _, tgt := range c.Targets {
-			if tgt.Name == name {
-				return tgt
-			}
-		}
-		t.Fatalf("could not find target %q", name)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	app := findTarget(t, "app")
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,dest=../out", "type=oci,dest=../out.tar"}, stringify(app.Outputs))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache", "user/app:cache"}, stringify(app.CacheFrom))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"user/app:cache"}, stringify(app.CacheTo))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"id=mysecret,src=/local/secret"}, stringify(app.Secrets))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"default", "key=path/to/oci"}, stringify(app.SSH))
-
-	web := findTarget(t, "web")
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=oci,dest=../bar.tar"}, stringify(web.Outputs))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache", "user/app:cache"}, stringify(web.CacheFrom))
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"id=oci,src=/local/secret"}, stringify(web.Secrets))
-}
-
 func TestHCLMultiFileAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 	dt := []byte(`
 		variable "FOO" {
@@ -737,7 +618,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("pre-def"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])

 	t.Setenv("FOO", "ghi")
@@ -749,7 +630,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("pre-ghi"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 }

@@ -772,7 +653,7 @@ func TestHCLMultiFileGlobalAttrs(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, "pre-def", *c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 }

@@ -958,12 +839,12 @@ func TestHCLRenameMultiFile(t *testing.T) {

 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets))

-	require.Equal(t, "bar", c.Targets[0].Name)
-	require.Equal(t, "x", *c.Targets[0].Dockerfile)
-	require.Equal(t, "z", *c.Targets[0].Target)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "bar")
+	require.Equal(t, *c.Targets[0].Dockerfile, "x")
+	require.Equal(t, *c.Targets[0].Target, "z")

-	require.Equal(t, "foo", c.Targets[1].Name)
-	require.Equal(t, "y", *c.Targets[1].Context)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Name, "foo")
+	require.Equal(t, *c.Targets[1].Context, "y")
 }

 func TestHCLMatrixBasic(t *testing.T) {
@@ -981,10 +862,10 @@ func TestHCLMatrixBasic(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "x", c.Targets[0].Name)
-	require.Equal(t, "y", c.Targets[1].Name)
-	require.Equal(t, "x.Dockerfile", *c.Targets[0].Dockerfile)
-	require.Equal(t, "y.Dockerfile", *c.Targets[1].Dockerfile)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "x")
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Name, "y")
+	require.Equal(t, *c.Targets[0].Dockerfile, "x.Dockerfile")
+	require.Equal(t, *c.Targets[1].Dockerfile, "y.Dockerfile")

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Groups))
 	require.Equal(t, "default", c.Groups[0].Name)
@@ -1067,9 +948,9 @@ func TestHCLMatrixMaps(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "aa", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "aa")
 	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Args["target"], ptrstr("valbb"))
-	require.Equal(t, "cc", c.Targets[1].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Name, "cc")
 	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Args["target"], ptrstr("valdd"))
 }

@@ -1260,7 +1141,7 @@ func TestJSONAttributes(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("pre-abc-def"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 }

@@ -1285,7 +1166,7 @@ func TestJSONFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("pre-<FOO-abc>"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 }

@@ -1303,7 +1184,7 @@ func TestJSONInvalidFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr(`myfunc("foo")`), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 }

@@ -1331,7 +1212,7 @@ func TestHCLFunctionInAttr(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("FOO <> [baz]"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 }

@@ -1362,7 +1243,7 @@ services:
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("foo"), c.Targets[0].Args["v1"])
 	require.Equal(t, ptrstr("bar"), c.Targets[0].Args["v2"])
 	require.Equal(t, "dir", *c.Targets[0].Context)
@@ -1385,7 +1266,7 @@ func TestHCLBuiltinVars(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets))
-	require.Equal(t, "app", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "app")
 	require.Equal(t, "foo", *c.Targets[0].Context)
 	require.Equal(t, "test", *c.Targets[0].Dockerfile)
 }
@@ -1451,17 +1332,17 @@ target "b" {

 	require.Equal(t, 4, len(c.Targets))

-	require.Equal(t, "metadata-a", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "metadata-a")
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"app/a:1.0.0", "app/a:latest"}, c.Targets[0].Tags)

-	require.Equal(t, "metadata-b", c.Targets[1].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Name, "metadata-b")
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"app/b:1.0.0", "app/b:latest"}, c.Targets[1].Tags)

-	require.Equal(t, "a", c.Targets[2].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[2].Name, "a")
 	require.Equal(t, ".", *c.Targets[2].Context)
 	require.Equal(t, "a", *c.Targets[2].Target)

-	require.Equal(t, "b", c.Targets[3].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[3].Name, "b")
 	require.Equal(t, ".", *c.Targets[3].Context)
 	require.Equal(t, "b", *c.Targets[3].Target)
 }
@@ -1508,10 +1389,10 @@ target "two" {

 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets))

-	require.Equal(t, "one", c.Targets[0].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Name, "one")
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{"a": ptrstr("pre-ghi-jkl")}, c.Targets[0].Args)

-	require.Equal(t, "two", c.Targets[1].Name)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Name, "two")
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]*string{"b": ptrstr("pre-jkl")}, c.Targets[1].Args)
 }

--- a/bake/hclparser/LICENSE
+++ b/bake/hclparser/LICENSE
@@ -1,355 +0,0 @@
-Copyright (c) 2014 HashiCorp, Inc.
-
-Mozilla Public License, version 2.0
-
-1. Definitions
-
-1.1. “Contributor”
-
-     means each individual or legal entity that creates, contributes to the
-     creation of, or owns Covered Software.
-
-1.2. “Contributor Version”
-
-     means the combination of the Contributions of others (if any) used by a
-     Contributor and that particular Contributor’s Contribution.
-
-1.3. “Contribution”
-
-     means Covered Software of a particular Contributor.
-
-1.4. “Covered Software”
-
-     means Source Code Form to which the initial Contributor has attached the
-     notice in Exhibit A, the Executable Form of such Source Code Form, and
-     Modifications of such Source Code Form, in each case including portions
-     thereof.
-
-1.5. “Incompatible With Secondary Licenses”
-     means
-
-     a. that the initial Contributor has attached the notice described in
-        Exhibit B to the Covered Software; or
-
-     b. that the Covered Software was made available under the terms of version
-        1.1 or earlier of the License, but not also under the terms of a
-        Secondary License.
-
-1.6. “Executable Form”
-
-     means any form of the work other than Source Code Form.
-
-1.7. “Larger Work”
-
-     means a work that combines Covered Software with other material, in a separate
-     file or files, that is not Covered Software.
-
-1.8. “License”
-
-     means this document.
-
-1.9. “Licensable”
-
-     means having the right to grant, to the maximum extent possible, whether at the
-     time of the initial grant or subsequently, any and all of the rights conveyed by
-     this License.
-
-1.10. “Modifications”
-
-     means any of the following:
-
-     a. any file in Source Code Form that results from an addition to, deletion
-        from, or modification of the contents of Covered Software; or
-
-     b. any new file in Source Code Form that contains any Covered Software.
-
-1.11. “Patent Claims” of a Contributor
-
-      means any patent claim(s), including without limitation, method, process,
-      and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by such Contributor that
-      would be infringed, but for the grant of the License, by the making,
-      using, selling, offering for sale, having made, import, or transfer of
-      either its Contributions or its Contributor Version.
-
-1.12. “Secondary License”
-
-      means either the GNU General Public License, Version 2.0, the GNU Lesser
-      General Public License, Version 2.1, the GNU Affero General Public
-      License, Version 3.0, or any later versions of those licenses.
-
-1.13. “Source Code Form”
-
-      means the form of the work preferred for making modifications.
-
-1.14. “You” (or “Your”)
-
-      means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under this
-      License. For legal entities, “You” includes any entity that controls, is
-      controlled by, or is under common control with You. For purposes of this
-      definition, “control” means (a) the power, direct or indirect, to cause
-      the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
-      otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the
-      outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity.
-
-
-2. License Grants and Conditions
-
-2.1. Grants
-
-     Each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free,
-     non-exclusive license:
-
-     a. under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark)
-        Licensable by such Contributor to use, reproduce, make available,
-        modify, display, perform, distribute, and otherwise exploit its
-        Contributions, either on an unmodified basis, with Modifications, or as
-        part of a Larger Work; and
-
-     b. under Patent Claims of such Contributor to make, use, sell, offer for
-        sale, have made, import, and otherwise transfer either its Contributions
-        or its Contributor Version.
-
-2.2. Effective Date
-
-     The licenses granted in Section 2.1 with respect to any Contribution become
-     effective for each Contribution on the date the Contributor first distributes
-     such Contribution.
-
-2.3. Limitations on Grant Scope
-
-     The licenses granted in this Section 2 are the only rights granted under this
-     License. No additional rights or licenses will be implied from the distribution
-     or licensing of Covered Software under this License. Notwithstanding Section
-     2.1(b) above, no patent license is granted by a Contributor:
-
-     a. for any code that a Contributor has removed from Covered Software; or
-
-     b. for infringements caused by: (i) Your and any other third party’s
-        modifications of Covered Software, or (ii) the combination of its
-        Contributions with other software (except as part of its Contributor
-        Version); or
-
-     c. under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Software in the absence of its
-        Contributions.
-
-     This License does not grant any rights in the trademarks, service marks, or
-     logos of any Contributor (except as may be necessary to comply with the
-     notice requirements in Section 3.4).
-
-2.4. Subsequent Licenses
-
-     No Contributor makes additional grants as a result of Your choice to
-     distribute the Covered Software under a subsequent version of this License
-     (see Section 10.2) or under the terms of a Secondary License (if permitted
-     under the terms of Section 3.3).
-
-2.5. Representation
-
-     Each Contributor represents that the Contributor believes its Contributions
-     are its original creation(s) or it has sufficient rights to grant the
-     rights to its Contributions conveyed by this License.
-
-2.6. Fair Use
-
-     This License is not intended to limit any rights You have under applicable
-     copyright doctrines of fair use, fair dealing, or other equivalents.
-
-2.7. Conditions
-
-     Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 are conditions of the licenses granted in
-     Section 2.1.
-
-
-3. Responsibilities
-
-3.1. Distribution of Source Form
-
-     All distribution of Covered Software in Source Code Form, including any
-     Modifications that You create or to which You contribute, must be under the
-     terms of this License. You must inform recipients that the Source Code Form
-     of the Covered Software is governed by the terms of this License, and how
-     they can obtain a copy of this License. You may not attempt to alter or
-     restrict the recipients’ rights in the Source Code Form.
-
-3.2. Distribution of Executable Form
-
-     If You distribute Covered Software in Executable Form then:
-
-     a. such Covered Software must also be made available in Source Code Form,
-        as described in Section 3.1, and You must inform recipients of the
-        Executable Form how they can obtain a copy of such Source Code Form by
-        reasonable means in a timely manner, at a charge no more than the cost
-        of distribution to the recipient; and
-
-     b. You may distribute such Executable Form under the terms of this License,
-        or sublicense it under different terms, provided that the license for
-        the Executable Form does not attempt to limit or alter the recipients’
-        rights in the Source Code Form under this License.
-
-3.3. Distribution of a Larger Work
-
-     You may create and distribute a Larger Work under terms of Your choice,
-     provided that You also comply with the requirements of this License for the
-     Covered Software. If the Larger Work is a combination of Covered Software
-     with a work governed by one or more Secondary Licenses, and the Covered
-     Software is not Incompatible With Secondary Licenses, this License permits
-     You to additionally distribute such Covered Software under the terms of
-     such Secondary License(s), so that the recipient of the Larger Work may, at
-     their option, further distribute the Covered Software under the terms of
-     either this License or such Secondary License(s).
-
-3.4. Notices
-
-     You may not remove or alter the substance of any license notices (including
-     copyright notices, patent notices, disclaimers of warranty, or limitations
-     of liability) contained within the Source Code Form of the Covered
-     Software, except that You may alter any license notices to the extent
-     required to remedy known factual inaccuracies.
-
-3.5. Application of Additional Terms
-
-     You may choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support,
-     indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered
-     Software. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on behalf
-     of any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear that any such
-     warranty, support, indemnity, or liability obligation is offered by You
-     alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify every Contributor for any
-     liability incurred by such Contributor as a result of warranty, support,
-     indemnity or liability terms You offer. You may include additional
-     disclaimers of warranty and limitations of liability specific to any
-     jurisdiction.
-
-4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation
-
-   If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this License
-   with respect to some or all of the Covered Software due to statute, judicial
-   order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with the terms of this License
-   to the maximum extent possible; and (b) describe the limitations and the code
-   they affect. Such description must be placed in a text file included with all
-   distributions of the Covered Software under this License. Except to the
-   extent prohibited by statute or regulation, such description must be
-   sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to
-   understand it.
-
-5. Termination
-
-5.1. The rights granted under this License will terminate automatically if You
-     fail to comply with any of its terms. However, if You become compliant,
-     then the rights granted under this License from a particular Contributor
-     are reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until such Contributor
-     explicitly and finally terminates Your grants, and (b) on an ongoing basis,
-     if such Contributor fails to notify You of the non-compliance by some
-     reasonable means prior to 60 days after You have come back into compliance.
-     Moreover, Your grants from a particular Contributor are reinstated on an
-     ongoing basis if such Contributor notifies You of the non-compliance by
-     some reasonable means, this is the first time You have received notice of
-     non-compliance with this License from such Contributor, and You become
-     compliant prior to 30 days after Your receipt of the notice.
-
-5.2. If You initiate litigation against any entity by asserting a patent
-     infringement claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions, counter-claims,
-     and cross-claims) alleging that a Contributor Version directly or
-     indirectly infringes any patent, then the rights granted to You by any and
-     all Contributors for the Covered Software under Section 2.1 of this License
-     shall terminate.
-
-5.3. In the event of termination under Sections 5.1 or 5.2 above, all end user
-     license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers) which have been
-     validly granted by You or Your distributors under this License prior to
-     termination shall survive termination.
-
-6. Disclaimer of Warranty
-
-   Covered Software is provided under this License on an “as is” basis, without
-   warranty of any kind, either expressed, implied, or statutory, including,
-   without limitation, warranties that the Covered Software is free of defects,
-   merchantable, fit for a particular purpose or non-infringing. The entire
-   risk as to the quality and performance of the Covered Software is with You.
-   Should any Covered Software prove defective in any respect, You (not any
-   Contributor) assume the cost of any necessary servicing, repair, or
-   correction. This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an essential part of this
-   License. No use of  any Covered Software is authorized under this License
-   except under this disclaimer.
-
-7. Limitation of Liability
-
-   Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether tort (including
-   negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall any Contributor, or anyone who
-   distributes Covered Software as permitted above, be liable to You for any
-   direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any
-   character including, without limitation, damages for lost profits, loss of
-   goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
-   other commercial damages or losses, even if such party shall have been
-   informed of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability
-   shall not apply to liability for death or personal injury resulting from such
-   party’s negligence to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.
-   Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or
-   consequential damages, so this exclusion and limitation may not apply to You.
-
-8. Litigation
-
-   Any litigation relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of
-   a jurisdiction where the defendant maintains its principal place of business
-   and such litigation shall be governed by laws of that jurisdiction, without
-   reference to its conflict-of-law provisions. Nothing in this Section shall
-   prevent a party’s ability to bring cross-claims or counter-claims.
-
-9. Miscellaneous
-
-   This License represents the complete agreement concerning the subject matter
-   hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such
-   provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it
-   enforceable. Any law or regulation which provides that the language of a
-   contract shall be construed against the drafter shall not be used to construe
-   this License against a Contributor.
-
-
-10. Versions of the License
-
-10.1. New Versions
-
-      Mozilla Foundation is the license steward. Except as provided in Section
-      10.3, no one other than the license steward has the right to modify or
-      publish new versions of this License. Each version will be given a
-      distinguishing version number.
-
-10.2. Effect of New Versions
-
-      You may distribute the Covered Software under the terms of the version of
-      the License under which You originally received the Covered Software, or
-      under the terms of any subsequent version published by the license
-      steward.
-
-10.3. Modified Versions
-
-      If you create software not governed by this License, and you want to
-      create a new license for such software, you may create and use a modified
-      version of this License if you rename the license and remove any
-      references to the name of the license steward (except to note that such
-      modified license differs from this License).
-
-10.4. Distributing Source Code Form that is Incompatible With Secondary Licenses
-      If You choose to distribute Source Code Form that is Incompatible With
-      Secondary Licenses under the terms of this version of the License, the
-      notice described in Exhibit B of this License must be attached.
-
-Exhibit A - Source Code Form License Notice
-
-      This Source Code Form is subject to the
-      terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
-      2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
-      distributed with this file, You can
-      obtain one at
-      http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-
-If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular file, then
-You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE file in a relevant
-directory) where a recipient would be likely to look for such a notice.
-
-You may add additional accurate notices of copyright ownership.
-
-Exhibit B - “Incompatible With Secondary Licenses” Notice
-
-      This Source Code Form is “Incompatible
-      With Secondary Licenses”, as defined by
-      the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0.
--- a/bake/hclparser/gohcl/decode.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/gohcl/decode.go
@@ -1,348 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-package gohcl
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/convert"
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/gocty"
-)
-
-// DecodeOptions allows customizing sections of the decoding process.
-type DecodeOptions struct {
-	ImpliedType func(gv interface{}) (cty.Type, error)
-	Convert     func(in cty.Value, want cty.Type) (cty.Value, error)
-}
-
-func (o DecodeOptions) DecodeBody(body hcl.Body, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, val interface{}) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	o = o.withDefaults()
-
-	rv := reflect.ValueOf(val)
-	if rv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("target value must be a pointer, not %s", rv.Type().String()))
-	}
-
-	return o.decodeBodyToValue(body, ctx, rv.Elem())
-}
-
-// DecodeBody extracts the configuration within the given body into the given
-// value. This value must be a non-nil pointer to either a struct or
-// a map, where in the former case the configuration will be decoded using
-// struct tags and in the latter case only attributes are allowed and their
-// values are decoded into the map.
-//
-// The given EvalContext is used to resolve any variables or functions in
-// expressions encountered while decoding. This may be nil to require only
-// constant values, for simple applications that do not support variables or
-// functions.
-//
-// The returned diagnostics should be inspected with its HasErrors method to
-// determine if the populated value is valid and complete. If error diagnostics
-// are returned then the given value may have been partially-populated but
-// may still be accessed by a careful caller for static analysis and editor
-// integration use-cases.
-func DecodeBody(body hcl.Body, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, val interface{}) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	return DecodeOptions{}.DecodeBody(body, ctx, val)
-}
-
-func (o DecodeOptions) decodeBodyToValue(body hcl.Body, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, val reflect.Value) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	et := val.Type()
-	switch et.Kind() {
-	case reflect.Struct:
-		return o.decodeBodyToStruct(body, ctx, val)
-	case reflect.Map:
-		return o.decodeBodyToMap(body, ctx, val)
-	default:
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("target value must be pointer to struct or map, not %s", et.String()))
-	}
-}
-
-func (o DecodeOptions) decodeBodyToStruct(body hcl.Body, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, val reflect.Value) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	schema, partial := ImpliedBodySchema(val.Interface())
-
-	var content *hcl.BodyContent
-	var leftovers hcl.Body
-	var diags hcl.Diagnostics
-	if partial {
-		content, leftovers, diags = body.PartialContent(schema)
-	} else {
-		content, diags = body.Content(schema)
-	}
-	if content == nil {
-		return diags
-	}
-
-	tags := getFieldTags(val.Type())
-
-	if tags.Body != nil {
-		fieldIdx := *tags.Body
-		field := val.Type().Field(fieldIdx)
-		fieldV := val.Field(fieldIdx)
-		switch {
-		case bodyType.AssignableTo(field.Type):
-			fieldV.Set(reflect.ValueOf(body))
-
-		default:
-			diags = append(diags, o.decodeBodyToValue(body, ctx, fieldV)...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if tags.Remain != nil {
-		fieldIdx := *tags.Remain
-		field := val.Type().Field(fieldIdx)
-		fieldV := val.Field(fieldIdx)
-		switch {
-		case bodyType.AssignableTo(field.Type):
-			fieldV.Set(reflect.ValueOf(leftovers))
-		case attrsType.AssignableTo(field.Type):
-			attrs, attrsDiags := leftovers.JustAttributes()
-			if len(attrsDiags) > 0 {
-				diags = append(diags, attrsDiags...)
-			}
-			fieldV.Set(reflect.ValueOf(attrs))
-		default:
-			diags = append(diags, o.decodeBodyToValue(leftovers, ctx, fieldV)...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for name, fieldIdx := range tags.Attributes {
-		attr := content.Attributes[name]
-		field := val.Type().Field(fieldIdx)
-		fieldV := val.Field(fieldIdx)
-
-		if attr == nil {
-			if !exprType.AssignableTo(field.Type) {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// As a special case, if the target is of type hcl.Expression then
-			// we'll assign an actual expression that evalues to a cty null,
-			// so the caller can deal with it within the cty realm rather
-			// than within the Go realm.
-			synthExpr := hcl.StaticExpr(cty.NullVal(cty.DynamicPseudoType), body.MissingItemRange())
-			fieldV.Set(reflect.ValueOf(synthExpr))
-			continue
-		}
-
-		switch {
-		case attrType.AssignableTo(field.Type):
-			fieldV.Set(reflect.ValueOf(attr))
-		case exprType.AssignableTo(field.Type):
-			fieldV.Set(reflect.ValueOf(attr.Expr))
-		default:
-			diags = append(diags, o.DecodeExpression(
-				attr.Expr, ctx, fieldV.Addr().Interface(),
-			)...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	blocksByType := content.Blocks.ByType()
-
-	for typeName, fieldIdx := range tags.Blocks {
-		blocks := blocksByType[typeName]
-		field := val.Type().Field(fieldIdx)
-
-		ty := field.Type
-		isSlice := false
-		isPtr := false
-		if ty.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
-			isSlice = true
-			ty = ty.Elem()
-		}
-		if ty.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-			isPtr = true
-			ty = ty.Elem()
-		}
-
-		if len(blocks) > 1 && !isSlice {
-			diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
-				Severity: hcl.DiagError,
-				Summary:  fmt.Sprintf("Duplicate %s block", typeName),
-				Detail: fmt.Sprintf(
-					"Only one %s block is allowed. Another was defined at %s.",
-					typeName, blocks[0].DefRange.String(),
-				),
-				Subject: &blocks[1].DefRange,
-			})
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if len(blocks) == 0 {
-			if isSlice || isPtr {
-				if val.Field(fieldIdx).IsNil() {
-					val.Field(fieldIdx).Set(reflect.Zero(field.Type))
-				}
-			} else {
-				diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
-					Severity: hcl.DiagError,
-					Summary:  fmt.Sprintf("Missing %s block", typeName),
-					Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("A %s block is required.", typeName),
-					Subject:  body.MissingItemRange().Ptr(),
-				})
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		switch {
-		case isSlice:
-			elemType := ty
-			if isPtr {
-				elemType = reflect.PointerTo(ty)
-			}
-			sli := val.Field(fieldIdx)
-			if sli.IsNil() {
-				sli = reflect.MakeSlice(reflect.SliceOf(elemType), len(blocks), len(blocks))
-			}
-
-			for i, block := range blocks {
-				if isPtr {
-					if i >= sli.Len() {
-						sli = reflect.Append(sli, reflect.New(ty))
-					}
-					v := sli.Index(i)
-					if v.IsNil() {
-						v = reflect.New(ty)
-					}
-					diags = append(diags, o.decodeBlockToValue(block, ctx, v.Elem())...)
-					sli.Index(i).Set(v)
-				} else {
-					if i >= sli.Len() {
-						sli = reflect.Append(sli, reflect.Indirect(reflect.New(ty)))
-					}
-					diags = append(diags, o.decodeBlockToValue(block, ctx, sli.Index(i))...)
-				}
-			}
-
-			if sli.Len() > len(blocks) {
-				sli.SetLen(len(blocks))
-			}
-
-			val.Field(fieldIdx).Set(sli)
-
-		default:
-			block := blocks[0]
-			if isPtr {
-				v := val.Field(fieldIdx)
-				if v.IsNil() {
-					v = reflect.New(ty)
-				}
-				diags = append(diags, o.decodeBlockToValue(block, ctx, v.Elem())...)
-				val.Field(fieldIdx).Set(v)
-			} else {
-				diags = append(diags, o.decodeBlockToValue(block, ctx, val.Field(fieldIdx))...)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return diags
-}
-
-func (o DecodeOptions) decodeBodyToMap(body hcl.Body, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, v reflect.Value) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	attrs, diags := body.JustAttributes()
-	if attrs == nil {
-		return diags
-	}
-
-	mv := reflect.MakeMap(v.Type())
-
-	for k, attr := range attrs {
-		switch {
-		case attrType.AssignableTo(v.Type().Elem()):
-			mv.SetMapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(k), reflect.ValueOf(attr))
-		case exprType.AssignableTo(v.Type().Elem()):
-			mv.SetMapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(k), reflect.ValueOf(attr.Expr))
-		default:
-			ev := reflect.New(v.Type().Elem())
-			diags = append(diags, o.DecodeExpression(attr.Expr, ctx, ev.Interface())...)
-			mv.SetMapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(k), ev.Elem())
-		}
-	}
-
-	v.Set(mv)
-
-	return diags
-}
-
-func (o DecodeOptions) decodeBlockToValue(block *hcl.Block, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, v reflect.Value) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	diags := o.decodeBodyToValue(block.Body, ctx, v)
-
-	if len(block.Labels) > 0 {
-		blockTags := getFieldTags(v.Type())
-		for li, lv := range block.Labels {
-			lfieldIdx := blockTags.Labels[li].FieldIndex
-			v.Field(lfieldIdx).Set(reflect.ValueOf(lv))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return diags
-}
-
-func (o DecodeOptions) DecodeExpression(expr hcl.Expression, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, val interface{}) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	o = o.withDefaults()
-
-	srcVal, diags := expr.Value(ctx)
-
-	convTy, err := o.ImpliedType(val)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unsuitable DecodeExpression target: %s", err))
-	}
-
-	srcVal, err = o.Convert(srcVal, convTy)
-	if err != nil {
-		diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
-			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
-			Summary:  "Unsuitable value type",
-			Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("Unsuitable value: %s", err.Error()),
-			Subject:  expr.StartRange().Ptr(),
-			Context:  expr.Range().Ptr(),
-		})
-		return diags
-	}
-
-	err = gocty.FromCtyValue(srcVal, val)
-	if err != nil {
-		diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
-			Severity: hcl.DiagError,
-			Summary:  "Unsuitable value type",
-			Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("Unsuitable value: %s", err.Error()),
-			Subject:  expr.StartRange().Ptr(),
-			Context:  expr.Range().Ptr(),
-		})
-	}
-
-	return diags
-}
-
-// DecodeExpression extracts the value of the given expression into the given
-// value. This value must be something that gocty is able to decode into,
-// since the final decoding is delegated to that package.
-//
-// The given EvalContext is used to resolve any variables or functions in
-// expressions encountered while decoding. This may be nil to require only
-// constant values, for simple applications that do not support variables or
-// functions.
-//
-// The returned diagnostics should be inspected with its HasErrors method to
-// determine if the populated value is valid and complete. If error diagnostics
-// are returned then the given value may have been partially-populated but
-// may still be accessed by a careful caller for static analysis and editor
-// integration use-cases.
-func DecodeExpression(expr hcl.Expression, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, val interface{}) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	return DecodeOptions{}.DecodeExpression(expr, ctx, val)
-}
-
-func (o DecodeOptions) withDefaults() DecodeOptions {
-	if o.ImpliedType == nil {
-		o.ImpliedType = gocty.ImpliedType
-	}
-
-	if o.Convert == nil {
-		o.Convert = convert.Convert
-	}
-	return o
-}
--- a/bake/hclparser/gohcl/decode_test.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/gohcl/decode_test.go
@@ -1,806 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-package gohcl
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
-	hclJSON "github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/json"
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
-)
-
-func TestDecodeBody(t *testing.T) {
-	deepEquals := func(other interface{}) func(v interface{}) bool {
-		return func(v interface{}) bool {
-			return reflect.DeepEqual(v, other)
-		}
-	}
-
-	type withNameExpression struct {
-		Name hcl.Expression `hcl:"name"`
-	}
-
-	type withTwoAttributes struct {
-		A string `hcl:"a,optional"`
-		B string `hcl:"b,optional"`
-	}
-
-	type withNestedBlock struct {
-		Plain  string             `hcl:"plain,optional"`
-		Nested *withTwoAttributes `hcl:"nested,block"`
-	}
-
-	type withListofNestedBlocks struct {
-		Nested []*withTwoAttributes `hcl:"nested,block"`
-	}
-
-	type withListofNestedBlocksNoPointers struct {
-		Nested []withTwoAttributes `hcl:"nested,block"`
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		Body      map[string]interface{}
-		Target    func() interface{}
-		Check     func(v interface{}) bool
-		DiagCount int
-	}{
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct{}{}),
-			deepEquals(struct{}{}),
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name string `hcl:"name"`
-			}{}),
-			deepEquals(struct {
-				Name string `hcl:"name"`
-			}{}),
-			1, // name is required
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name *string `hcl:"name"`
-			}{}),
-			deepEquals(struct {
-				Name *string `hcl:"name"`
-			}{}),
-			0,
-		}, // name nil
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name string `hcl:"name,optional"`
-			}{}),
-			deepEquals(struct {
-				Name string `hcl:"name,optional"`
-			}{}),
-			0,
-		}, // name optional
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{},
-			makeInstantiateType(withNameExpression{}),
-			func(v interface{}) bool {
-				if v == nil {
-					return false
-				}
-
-				wne, valid := v.(withNameExpression)
-				if !valid {
-					return false
-				}
-
-				if wne.Name == nil {
-					return false
-				}
-
-				nameVal, _ := wne.Name.Value(nil)
-				return nameVal.IsNull()
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(withNameExpression{}),
-			func(v interface{}) bool {
-				if v == nil {
-					return false
-				}
-
-				wne, valid := v.(withNameExpression)
-				if !valid {
-					return false
-				}
-
-				if wne.Name == nil {
-					return false
-				}
-
-				nameVal, _ := wne.Name.Value(nil)
-				return nameVal.Equals(cty.StringVal("Ermintrude")).True()
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name string `hcl:"name"`
-			}{}),
-			deepEquals(struct {
-				Name string `hcl:"name"`
-			}{"Ermintrude"}),
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-				"age":  23,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name string `hcl:"name"`
-			}{}),
-			deepEquals(struct {
-				Name string `hcl:"name"`
-			}{"Ermintrude"}),
-			1, // Extraneous "age" property
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-				"age":  50,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name  string         `hcl:"name"`
-				Attrs hcl.Attributes `hcl:",remain"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				got := gotI.(struct {
-					Name  string         `hcl:"name"`
-					Attrs hcl.Attributes `hcl:",remain"`
-				})
-				return got.Name == "Ermintrude" && len(got.Attrs) == 1 && got.Attrs["age"] != nil
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-				"age":  50,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name   string   `hcl:"name"`
-				Remain hcl.Body `hcl:",remain"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				got := gotI.(struct {
-					Name   string   `hcl:"name"`
-					Remain hcl.Body `hcl:",remain"`
-				})
-
-				attrs, _ := got.Remain.JustAttributes()
-
-				return got.Name == "Ermintrude" && len(attrs) == 1 && attrs["age"] != nil
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name":   "Ermintrude",
-				"living": true,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name   string               `hcl:"name"`
-				Remain map[string]cty.Value `hcl:",remain"`
-			}{}),
-			deepEquals(struct {
-				Name   string               `hcl:"name"`
-				Remain map[string]cty.Value `hcl:",remain"`
-			}{
-				Name: "Ermintrude",
-				Remain: map[string]cty.Value{
-					"living": cty.True,
-				},
-			}),
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-				"age":  50,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Name   string   `hcl:"name"`
-				Body   hcl.Body `hcl:",body"`
-				Remain hcl.Body `hcl:",remain"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				got := gotI.(struct {
-					Name   string   `hcl:"name"`
-					Body   hcl.Body `hcl:",body"`
-					Remain hcl.Body `hcl:",remain"`
-				})
-
-				attrs, _ := got.Body.JustAttributes()
-
-				return got.Name == "Ermintrude" && len(attrs) == 2 &&
-					attrs["name"] != nil && attrs["age"] != nil
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": map[string]interface{}{},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				// Generating no diagnostics is good enough for this one.
-				return true
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{{}},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				// Generating no diagnostics is good enough for this one.
-				return true
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{{}, {}},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				// Generating one diagnostic is good enough for this one.
-				return true
-			},
-			1,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				// Generating one diagnostic is good enough for this one.
-				return true
-			},
-			1,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				// Generating one diagnostic is good enough for this one.
-				return true
-			},
-			1,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": map[string]interface{}{},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle *struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				return gotI.(struct {
-					Noodle *struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodle != nil
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{{}},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle *struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				return gotI.(struct {
-					Noodle *struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodle != nil
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle *struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				return gotI.(struct {
-					Noodle *struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodle == nil
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{{}, {}},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle *struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				// Generating one diagnostic is good enough for this one.
-				return true
-			},
-			1,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle []struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				noodle := gotI.(struct {
-					Noodle []struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodle
-				return len(noodle) == 0
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{{}},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle []struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				noodle := gotI.(struct {
-					Noodle []struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodle
-				return len(noodle) == 1
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": []map[string]interface{}{{}, {}},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle []struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				noodle := gotI.(struct {
-					Noodle []struct{} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodle
-				return len(noodle) == 2
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": map[string]interface{}{},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct {
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-				} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				//nolint:misspell
-				// Generating two diagnostics is good enough for this one.
-				// (one for the missing noodle block and the other for
-				// the JSON serialization detecting the missing level of
-				// heirarchy for the label.)
-				return true
-			},
-			2,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": map[string]interface{}{
-					"foo_foo": map[string]interface{}{},
-				},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct {
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-				} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				noodle := gotI.(struct {
-					Noodle struct {
-						Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-					} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodle
-				return noodle.Name == "foo_foo"
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": map[string]interface{}{
-					"foo_foo": map[string]interface{}{},
-					"bar_baz": map[string]interface{}{},
-				},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct {
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-				} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				// One diagnostic is enough for this one.
-				return true
-			},
-			1,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": map[string]interface{}{
-					"foo_foo": map[string]interface{}{},
-					"bar_baz": map[string]interface{}{},
-				},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodles []struct {
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-				} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				noodles := gotI.(struct {
-					Noodles []struct {
-						Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-					} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodles
-				return len(noodles) == 2 && (noodles[0].Name == "foo_foo" || noodles[0].Name == "bar_baz") && (noodles[1].Name == "foo_foo" || noodles[1].Name == "bar_baz") && noodles[0].Name != noodles[1].Name
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"noodle": map[string]interface{}{
-					"foo_foo": map[string]interface{}{
-						"type": "rice",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(struct {
-				Noodle struct {
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-					Type string `hcl:"type"`
-				} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-			}{}),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				noodle := gotI.(struct {
-					Noodle struct {
-						Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-						Type string `hcl:"type"`
-					} `hcl:"noodle,block"`
-				}).Noodle
-				return noodle.Name == "foo_foo" && noodle.Type == "rice"
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-				"age":  34,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(map[string]string(nil)),
-			deepEquals(map[string]string{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-				"age":  "34",
-			}),
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-				"age":  89,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(map[string]*hcl.Attribute(nil)),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				got := gotI.(map[string]*hcl.Attribute)
-				return len(got) == 2 && got["name"] != nil && got["age"] != nil
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "Ermintrude",
-				"age":  13,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(map[string]hcl.Expression(nil)),
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				got := gotI.(map[string]hcl.Expression)
-				return len(got) == 2 && got["name"] != nil && got["age"] != nil
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"name":   "Ermintrude",
-				"living": true,
-			},
-			makeInstantiateType(map[string]cty.Value(nil)),
-			deepEquals(map[string]cty.Value{
-				"name":   cty.StringVal("Ermintrude"),
-				"living": cty.True,
-			}),
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			// Retain "nested" block while decoding
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"plain": "foo",
-			},
-			func() interface{} {
-				return &withNestedBlock{
-					Plain: "bar",
-					Nested: &withTwoAttributes{
-						A: "bar",
-					},
-				}
-			},
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				foo := gotI.(withNestedBlock)
-				return foo.Plain == "foo" && foo.Nested != nil && foo.Nested.A == "bar"
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			// Retain values in "nested" block while decoding
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"nested": map[string]interface{}{
-					"a": "foo",
-				},
-			},
-			func() interface{} {
-				return &withNestedBlock{
-					Nested: &withTwoAttributes{
-						B: "bar",
-					},
-				}
-			},
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				foo := gotI.(withNestedBlock)
-				return foo.Nested.A == "foo" && foo.Nested.B == "bar"
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			// Retain values in "nested" block list while decoding
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"nested": []map[string]interface{}{
-					{
-						"a": "foo",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			func() interface{} {
-				return &withListofNestedBlocks{
-					Nested: []*withTwoAttributes{
-						{
-							B: "bar",
-						},
-					},
-				}
-			},
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				n := gotI.(withListofNestedBlocks)
-				return n.Nested[0].A == "foo" && n.Nested[0].B == "bar"
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			// Remove additional elements from the list while decoding nested blocks
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"nested": []map[string]interface{}{
-					{
-						"a": "foo",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			func() interface{} {
-				return &withListofNestedBlocks{
-					Nested: []*withTwoAttributes{
-						{
-							B: "bar",
-						},
-						{
-							B: "bar",
-						},
-					},
-				}
-			},
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				n := gotI.(withListofNestedBlocks)
-				return len(n.Nested) == 1
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			// Make sure decoding value slices works the same as pointer slices.
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"nested": []map[string]interface{}{
-					{
-						"b": "bar",
-					},
-					{
-						"b": "baz",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			func() interface{} {
-				return &withListofNestedBlocksNoPointers{
-					Nested: []withTwoAttributes{
-						{
-							B: "foo",
-						},
-					},
-				}
-			},
-			func(gotI interface{}) bool {
-				n := gotI.(withListofNestedBlocksNoPointers)
-				return n.Nested[0].B == "bar" && len(n.Nested) == 2
-			},
-			0,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for i, test := range tests {
-		// For convenience here we're going to use the JSON parser
-		// to process the given body.
-		buf, err := json.Marshal(test.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("error JSON-encoding body for test %d: %s", i, err)
-		}
-
-		t.Run(string(buf), func(t *testing.T) {
-			file, diags := hclJSON.Parse(buf, "test.json")
-			if len(diags) != 0 {
-				t.Fatalf("diagnostics while parsing: %s", diags.Error())
-			}
-
-			targetVal := reflect.ValueOf(test.Target())
-
-			diags = DecodeBody(file.Body, nil, targetVal.Interface())
-			if len(diags) != test.DiagCount {
-				t.Errorf("wrong number of diagnostics %d; want %d", len(diags), test.DiagCount)
-				for _, diag := range diags {
-					t.Logf(" - %s", diag.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			got := targetVal.Elem().Interface()
-			if !test.Check(got) {
-				t.Errorf("wrong result\ngot:  %s", spew.Sdump(got))
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDecodeExpression(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		Value     cty.Value
-		Target    interface{}
-		Want      interface{}
-		DiagCount int
-	}{
-		{
-			cty.StringVal("hello"),
-			"",
-			"hello",
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			cty.StringVal("hello"),
-			cty.NilVal,
-			cty.StringVal("hello"),
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			cty.NumberIntVal(2),
-			"",
-			"2",
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			cty.StringVal("true"),
-			false,
-			true,
-			0,
-		},
-		{
-			cty.NullVal(cty.String),
-			"",
-			"",
-			1, // null value is not allowed
-		},
-		{
-			cty.UnknownVal(cty.String),
-			"",
-			"",
-			1, // value must be known
-		},
-		{
-			cty.ListVal([]cty.Value{cty.True}),
-			false,
-			false,
-			1, // bool required
-		},
-	}
-
-	for i, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%02d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			expr := &fixedExpression{test.Value}
-
-			targetVal := reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(test.Target))
-
-			diags := DecodeExpression(expr, nil, targetVal.Interface())
-			if len(diags) != test.DiagCount {
-				t.Errorf("wrong number of diagnostics %d; want %d", len(diags), test.DiagCount)
-				for _, diag := range diags {
-					t.Logf(" - %s", diag.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			got := targetVal.Elem().Interface()
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, test.Want) {
-				t.Errorf("wrong result\ngot:  %#v\nwant: %#v", got, test.Want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-type fixedExpression struct {
-	val cty.Value
-}
-
-func (e *fixedExpression) Value(ctx *hcl.EvalContext) (cty.Value, hcl.Diagnostics) {
-	return e.val, nil
-}
-
-func (e *fixedExpression) Range() (r hcl.Range) {
-	return
-}
-
-func (e *fixedExpression) StartRange() (r hcl.Range) {
-	return
-}
-
-func (e *fixedExpression) Variables() []hcl.Traversal {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func makeInstantiateType(target interface{}) func() interface{} {
-	return func() interface{} {
-		return reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(target)).Interface()
-	}
-}
--- a/bake/hclparser/gohcl/doc.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/gohcl/doc.go
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-// Package gohcl allows decoding HCL configurations into Go data structures.
-//
-// It provides a convenient and concise way of describing the schema for
-// configuration and then accessing the resulting data via native Go
-// types.
-//
-// A struct field tag scheme is used, similar to other decoding and
-// unmarshalling libraries. The tags are formatted as in the following example:
-//
-//	ThingType string `hcl:"thing_type,attr"`
-//
-// Within each tag there are two comma-separated tokens. The first is the
-// name of the corresponding construct in configuration, while the second
-// is a keyword giving the kind of construct expected. The following
-// kind keywords are supported:
-//
-//	attr (the default) indicates that the value is to be populated from an attribute
-//	block indicates that the value is to populated from a block
-//	label indicates that the value is to populated from a block label
-//	optional is the same as attr, but the field is optional
-//	remain indicates that the value is to be populated from the remaining body after populating other fields
-//
-// "attr" fields may either be of type *hcl.Expression, in which case the raw
-// expression is assigned, or of any type accepted by gocty, in which case
-// gocty will be used to assign the value to a native Go type.
-//
-// "block" fields may be a struct that recursively uses the same tags, or a
-// slice of such structs, in which case multiple blocks of the corresponding
-// type are decoded into the slice.
-//
-// "body" can be placed on a single field of type hcl.Body to capture
-// the full hcl.Body that was decoded for a block. This does not allow leftover
-// values like "remain", so a decoding error will still be returned if leftover
-// fields are given. If you want to capture the decoding body PLUS leftover
-// fields, you must specify a "remain" field as well to prevent errors. The
-// body field and the remain field will both contain the leftover fields.
-//
-// "label" fields are considered only in a struct used as the type of a field
-// marked as "block", and are used sequentially to capture the labels of
-// the blocks being decoded. In this case, the name token is used only as
-// an identifier for the label in diagnostic messages.
-//
-// "optional" fields behave like "attr" fields, but they are optional
-// and will not give parsing errors if they are missing.
-//
-// "remain" can be placed on a single field that may be either of type
-// hcl.Body or hcl.Attributes, in which case any remaining body content is
-// placed into this field for delayed processing. If no "remain" field is
-// present then any attributes or blocks not matched by another valid tag
-// will cause an error diagnostic.
-//
-// Only a subset of this tagging/typing vocabulary is supported for the
-// "Encode" family of functions. See the EncodeIntoBody docs for full details
-// on the constraints there.
-//
-// Broadly-speaking this package deals with two types of error. The first is
-// errors in the configuration itself, which are returned as diagnostics
-// written with the configuration author as the target audience. The second
-// is bugs in the calling program, such as invalid struct tags, which are
-// surfaced via panics since there can be no useful runtime handling of such
-// errors and they should certainly not be returned to the user as diagnostics.
-package gohcl
--- a/bake/hclparser/gohcl/encode.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/gohcl/encode.go
@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-package gohcl
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"sort"
-
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/hclwrite"
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/gocty"
-)
-
-// EncodeIntoBody replaces the contents of the given hclwrite Body with
-// attributes and blocks derived from the given value, which must be a
-// struct value or a pointer to a struct value with the struct tags defined
-// in this package.
-//
-// This function can work only with fully-decoded data. It will ignore any
-// fields tagged as "remain", any fields that decode attributes into either
-// hcl.Attribute or hcl.Expression values, and any fields that decode blocks
-// into hcl.Attributes values. This function does not have enough information
-// to complete the decoding of these types.
-//
-// Any fields tagged as "label" are ignored by this function. Use EncodeAsBlock
-// to produce a whole hclwrite.Block including block labels.
-//
-// As long as a suitable value is given to encode and the destination body
-// is non-nil, this function will always complete. It will panic in case of
-// any errors in the calling program, such as passing an inappropriate type
-// or a nil body.
-//
-// The layout of the resulting HCL source is derived from the ordering of
-// the struct fields, with blank lines around nested blocks of different types.
-// Fields representing attributes should usually precede those representing
-// blocks so that the attributes can group togather in the result. For more
-// control, use the hclwrite API directly.
-func EncodeIntoBody(val interface{}, dst *hclwrite.Body) {
-	rv := reflect.ValueOf(val)
-	ty := rv.Type()
-	if ty.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		rv = rv.Elem()
-		ty = rv.Type()
-	}
-	if ty.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("value is %s, not struct", ty.Kind()))
-	}
-
-	tags := getFieldTags(ty)
-	populateBody(rv, ty, tags, dst)
-}
-
-// EncodeAsBlock creates a new hclwrite.Block populated with the data from
-// the given value, which must be a struct or pointer to struct with the
-// struct tags defined in this package.
-//
-// If the given struct type has fields tagged with "label" tags then they
-// will be used in order to annotate the created block with labels.
-//
-// This function has the same constraints as EncodeIntoBody and will panic
-// if they are violated.
-func EncodeAsBlock(val interface{}, blockType string) *hclwrite.Block {
-	rv := reflect.ValueOf(val)
-	ty := rv.Type()
-	if ty.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		rv = rv.Elem()
-		ty = rv.Type()
-	}
-	if ty.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("value is %s, not struct", ty.Kind()))
-	}
-
-	tags := getFieldTags(ty)
-	labels := make([]string, len(tags.Labels))
-	for i, lf := range tags.Labels {
-		lv := rv.Field(lf.FieldIndex)
-		// We just stringify whatever we find. It should always be a string
-		// but if not then we'll still do something reasonable.
-		labels[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%s", lv.Interface())
-	}
-
-	block := hclwrite.NewBlock(blockType, labels)
-	populateBody(rv, ty, tags, block.Body())
-	return block
-}
-
-func populateBody(rv reflect.Value, ty reflect.Type, tags *fieldTags, dst *hclwrite.Body) {
-	nameIdxs := make(map[string]int, len(tags.Attributes)+len(tags.Blocks))
-	namesOrder := make([]string, 0, len(tags.Attributes)+len(tags.Blocks))
-	for n, i := range tags.Attributes {
-		nameIdxs[n] = i
-		namesOrder = append(namesOrder, n)
-	}
-	for n, i := range tags.Blocks {
-		nameIdxs[n] = i
-		namesOrder = append(namesOrder, n)
-	}
-	sort.SliceStable(namesOrder, func(i, j int) bool {
-		ni, nj := namesOrder[i], namesOrder[j]
-		return nameIdxs[ni] < nameIdxs[nj]
-	})
-
-	dst.Clear()
-
-	prevWasBlock := false
-	for _, name := range namesOrder {
-		fieldIdx := nameIdxs[name]
-		field := ty.Field(fieldIdx)
-		fieldTy := field.Type
-		fieldVal := rv.Field(fieldIdx)
-
-		if fieldTy.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-			fieldTy = fieldTy.Elem()
-			fieldVal = fieldVal.Elem()
-		}
-
-		if _, isAttr := tags.Attributes[name]; isAttr {
-			if exprType.AssignableTo(fieldTy) || attrType.AssignableTo(fieldTy) {
-				continue // ignore undecoded fields
-			}
-			if !fieldVal.IsValid() {
-				continue // ignore (field value is nil pointer)
-			}
-			if fieldTy.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && fieldVal.IsNil() {
-				continue // ignore
-			}
-			if prevWasBlock {
-				dst.AppendNewline()
-				prevWasBlock = false
-			}
-
-			valTy, err := gocty.ImpliedType(fieldVal.Interface())
-			if err != nil {
-				panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot encode %T as HCL expression: %s", fieldVal.Interface(), err))
-			}
-
-			val, err := gocty.ToCtyValue(fieldVal.Interface(), valTy)
-			if err != nil {
-				// This should never happen, since we should always be able
-				// to decode into the implied type.
-				panic(fmt.Sprintf("failed to encode %T as %#v: %s", fieldVal.Interface(), valTy, err))
-			}
-
-			dst.SetAttributeValue(name, val)
-		} else { // must be a block, then
-			elemTy := fieldTy
-			isSeq := false
-			if elemTy.Kind() == reflect.Slice || elemTy.Kind() == reflect.Array {
-				isSeq = true
-				elemTy = elemTy.Elem()
-			}
-
-			if bodyType.AssignableTo(elemTy) || attrsType.AssignableTo(elemTy) {
-				continue // ignore undecoded fields
-			}
-			prevWasBlock = false
-
-			if isSeq {
-				l := fieldVal.Len()
-				for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
-					elemVal := fieldVal.Index(i)
-					if !elemVal.IsValid() {
-						continue // ignore (elem value is nil pointer)
-					}
-					if elemTy.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && elemVal.IsNil() {
-						continue // ignore
-					}
-					block := EncodeAsBlock(elemVal.Interface(), name)
-					if !prevWasBlock {
-						dst.AppendNewline()
-						prevWasBlock = true
-					}
-					dst.AppendBlock(block)
-				}
-			} else {
-				if !fieldVal.IsValid() {
-					continue // ignore (field value is nil pointer)
-				}
-				if elemTy.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && fieldVal.IsNil() {
-					continue // ignore
-				}
-				block := EncodeAsBlock(fieldVal.Interface(), name)
-				if !prevWasBlock {
-					dst.AppendNewline()
-					prevWasBlock = true
-				}
-				dst.AppendBlock(block)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/bake/hclparser/gohcl/encode_test.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/gohcl/encode_test.go
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-package gohcl_test
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/gohcl"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/hclwrite"
-)
-
-func ExampleEncodeIntoBody() {
-	type Service struct {
-		Name string   `hcl:"name,label"`
-		Exe  []string `hcl:"executable"`
-	}
-	type Constraints struct {
-		OS   string `hcl:"os"`
-		Arch string `hcl:"arch"`
-	}
-	type App struct {
-		Name        string       `hcl:"name"`
-		Desc        string       `hcl:"description"`
-		Constraints *Constraints `hcl:"constraints,block"`
-		Services    []Service    `hcl:"service,block"`
-	}
-
-	app := App{
-		Name: "awesome-app",
-		Desc: "Such an awesome application",
-		Constraints: &Constraints{
-			OS:   "linux",
-			Arch: "amd64",
-		},
-		Services: []Service{
-			{
-				Name: "web",
-				Exe:  []string{"./web", "--listen=:8080"},
-			},
-			{
-				Name: "worker",
-				Exe:  []string{"./worker"},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	f := hclwrite.NewEmptyFile()
-	gohcl.EncodeIntoBody(&app, f.Body())
-	fmt.Printf("%s", f.Bytes())
-
-	// Output:
-	// name        = "awesome-app"
-	// description = "Such an awesome application"
-	//
-	// constraints {
-	//   os   = "linux"
-	//   arch = "amd64"
-	// }
-	//
-	// service "web" {
-	//   executable = ["./web", "--listen=:8080"]
-	// }
-	// service "worker" {
-	//   executable = ["./worker"]
-	// }
-}
--- a/bake/hclparser/gohcl/schema.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/gohcl/schema.go
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-package gohcl
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
-)
-
-// ImpliedBodySchema produces a hcl.BodySchema derived from the type of the
-// given value, which must be a struct value or a pointer to one. If an
-// inappropriate value is passed, this function will panic.
-//
-// The second return argument indicates whether the given struct includes
-// a "remain" field, and thus the returned schema is non-exhaustive.
-//
-// This uses the tags on the fields of the struct to discover how each
-// field's value should be expressed within configuration. If an invalid
-// mapping is attempted, this function will panic.
-func ImpliedBodySchema(val interface{}) (schema *hcl.BodySchema, partial bool) {
-	ty := reflect.TypeOf(val)
-
-	if ty.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		ty = ty.Elem()
-	}
-
-	if ty.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("given value must be struct, not %T", val))
-	}
-
-	var attrSchemas []hcl.AttributeSchema
-	var blockSchemas []hcl.BlockHeaderSchema
-
-	tags := getFieldTags(ty)
-
-	attrNames := make([]string, 0, len(tags.Attributes))
-	for n := range tags.Attributes {
-		attrNames = append(attrNames, n)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(attrNames)
-	for _, n := range attrNames {
-		idx := tags.Attributes[n]
-		optional := tags.Optional[n]
-		field := ty.Field(idx)
-
-		var required bool
-
-		switch {
-		case field.Type.AssignableTo(exprType):
-			//nolint:misspell
-			// If we're decoding to hcl.Expression then absense can be
-			// indicated via a null value, so we don't specify that
-			// the field is required during decoding.
-			required = false
-		case field.Type.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && !optional:
-			required = true
-		default:
-			required = false
-		}
-
-		attrSchemas = append(attrSchemas, hcl.AttributeSchema{
-			Name:     n,
-			Required: required,
-		})
-	}
-
-	blockNames := make([]string, 0, len(tags.Blocks))
-	for n := range tags.Blocks {
-		blockNames = append(blockNames, n)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(blockNames)
-	for _, n := range blockNames {
-		idx := tags.Blocks[n]
-		field := ty.Field(idx)
-		fty := field.Type
-		if fty.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
-			fty = fty.Elem()
-		}
-		if fty.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-			fty = fty.Elem()
-		}
-		if fty.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf(
-				"hcl 'block' tag kind cannot be applied to %s field %s: struct required", field.Type.String(), field.Name,
-			))
-		}
-		ftags := getFieldTags(fty)
-		var labelNames []string
-		if len(ftags.Labels) > 0 {
-			labelNames = make([]string, len(ftags.Labels))
-			for i, l := range ftags.Labels {
-				labelNames[i] = l.Name
-			}
-		}
-
-		blockSchemas = append(blockSchemas, hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
-			Type:       n,
-			LabelNames: labelNames,
-		})
-	}
-
-	partial = tags.Remain != nil
-	schema = &hcl.BodySchema{
-		Attributes: attrSchemas,
-		Blocks:     blockSchemas,
-	}
-	return schema, partial
-}
-
-type fieldTags struct {
-	Attributes map[string]int
-	Blocks     map[string]int
-	Labels     []labelField
-	Remain     *int
-	Body       *int
-	Optional   map[string]bool
-}
-
-type labelField struct {
-	FieldIndex int
-	Name       string
-}
-
-func getFieldTags(ty reflect.Type) *fieldTags {
-	ret := &fieldTags{
-		Attributes: map[string]int{},
-		Blocks:     map[string]int{},
-		Optional:   map[string]bool{},
-	}
-
-	ct := ty.NumField()
-	for i := 0; i < ct; i++ {
-		field := ty.Field(i)
-		tag := field.Tag.Get("hcl")
-		if tag == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		comma := strings.Index(tag, ",")
-		var name, kind string
-		if comma != -1 {
-			name = tag[:comma]
-			kind = tag[comma+1:]
-		} else {
-			name = tag
-			kind = "attr"
-		}
-
-		switch kind {
-		case "attr":
-			ret.Attributes[name] = i
-		case "block":
-			ret.Blocks[name] = i
-		case "label":
-			ret.Labels = append(ret.Labels, labelField{
-				FieldIndex: i,
-				Name:       name,
-			})
-		case "remain":
-			if ret.Remain != nil {
-				panic("only one 'remain' tag is permitted")
-			}
-			idx := i // copy, because this loop will continue assigning to i
-			ret.Remain = &idx
-		case "body":
-			if ret.Body != nil {
-				panic("only one 'body' tag is permitted")
-			}
-			idx := i // copy, because this loop will continue assigning to i
-			ret.Body = &idx
-		case "optional":
-			ret.Attributes[name] = i
-			ret.Optional[name] = true
-		default:
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid hcl field tag kind %q on %s %q", kind, field.Type.String(), field.Name))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ret
-}
--- a/bake/hclparser/gohcl/schema_test.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/gohcl/schema_test.go
@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-package gohcl
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
-)
-
-func TestImpliedBodySchema(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		val         interface{}
-		wantSchema  *hcl.BodySchema
-		wantPartial bool
-	}{
-		{
-			struct{}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Ignored bool
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Attr1 bool `hcl:"attr1"`
-				Attr2 bool `hcl:"attr2"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{
-					{
-						Name:     "attr1",
-						Required: true,
-					},
-					{
-						Name:     "attr2",
-						Required: true,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Attr *bool `hcl:"attr,attr"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{
-					{
-						Name:     "attr",
-						Required: false,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Thing struct{} `hcl:"thing,block"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Blocks: []hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
-					{
-						Type: "thing",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Thing struct {
-					Type string `hcl:"type,label"`
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-				} `hcl:"thing,block"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Blocks: []hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
-					{
-						Type:       "thing",
-						LabelNames: []string{"type", "name"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Thing []struct {
-					Type string `hcl:"type,label"`
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-				} `hcl:"thing,block"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Blocks: []hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
-					{
-						Type:       "thing",
-						LabelNames: []string{"type", "name"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Thing *struct {
-					Type string `hcl:"type,label"`
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-				} `hcl:"thing,block"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Blocks: []hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
-					{
-						Type:       "thing",
-						LabelNames: []string{"type", "name"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Thing struct {
-					Name      string `hcl:"name,label"`
-					Something string `hcl:"something"`
-				} `hcl:"thing,block"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Blocks: []hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
-					{
-						Type:       "thing",
-						LabelNames: []string{"name"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Doodad string `hcl:"doodad"`
-				Thing  struct {
-					Name string `hcl:"name,label"`
-				} `hcl:"thing,block"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{
-					{
-						Name:     "doodad",
-						Required: true,
-					},
-				},
-				Blocks: []hcl.BlockHeaderSchema{
-					{
-						Type:       "thing",
-						LabelNames: []string{"name"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Doodad string `hcl:"doodad"`
-				Config string `hcl:",remain"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{
-					{
-						Name:     "doodad",
-						Required: true,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			true,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Expr hcl.Expression `hcl:"expr"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{
-					{
-						Name:     "expr",
-						Required: false,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-		{
-			struct {
-				Meh string `hcl:"meh,optional"`
-			}{},
-			&hcl.BodySchema{
-				Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{
-					{
-						Name:     "meh",
-						Required: false,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%#v", test.val), func(t *testing.T) {
-			schema, partial := ImpliedBodySchema(test.val)
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(schema, test.wantSchema) {
-				t.Errorf(
-					"wrong schema\ngot:  %s\nwant: %s",
-					spew.Sdump(schema), spew.Sdump(test.wantSchema),
-				)
-			}
-
-			if partial != test.wantPartial {
-				t.Errorf(
-					"wrong partial flag\ngot:  %#v\nwant: %#v",
-					partial, test.wantPartial,
-				)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/bake/hclparser/gohcl/types.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/gohcl/types.go
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-package gohcl
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
-)
-
-var victimExpr hcl.Expression
-var victimBody hcl.Body
-
-var exprType = reflect.TypeOf(&victimExpr).Elem()
-var bodyType = reflect.TypeOf(&victimBody).Elem()
-var blockType = reflect.TypeOf((*hcl.Block)(nil)) //nolint:unused
-var attrType = reflect.TypeOf((*hcl.Attribute)(nil))
-var attrsType = reflect.TypeOf(hcl.Attributes(nil))
--- a/bake/hclparser/hclparser.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/hclparser.go
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

-	"github.com/docker/buildx/bake/hclparser/gohcl"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/userfunc"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/gohcl"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
+	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/gocty"
 )

 type Opt struct {
@@ -24,17 +25,11 @@ type Opt struct {
 }

 type variable struct {
-	Name        string                `json:"-" hcl:"name,label"`
-	Default     *hcl.Attribute        `json:"default,omitempty" hcl:"default,optional"`
-	Description string                `json:"description,omitempty" hcl:"description,optional"`
-	Validations []*variableValidation `json:"validation,omitempty" hcl:"validation,block"`
-	Body        hcl.Body              `json:"-" hcl:",body"`
-	Remain      hcl.Body              `json:"-" hcl:",remain"`
-}
-
-type variableValidation struct {
-	Condition    hcl.Expression `json:"condition" hcl:"condition"`
-	ErrorMessage hcl.Expression `json:"error_message" hcl:"error_message"`
+	Name        string         `json:"-" hcl:"name,label"`
+	Default     *hcl.Attribute `json:"default,omitempty" hcl:"default,optional"`
+	Description string         `json:"description,omitempty" hcl:"description,optional"`
+	Body        hcl.Body       `json:"-" hcl:",body"`
+	Remain      hcl.Body       `json:"-" hcl:",remain"`
 }

 type functionDef struct {
@@ -453,7 +448,7 @@ func (p *parser) resolveBlock(block *hcl.Block, target *hcl.BodySchema) (err err
 		}

 		// decode!
-		diag = decodeBody(body(), ectx, output.Interface())
+		diag = gohcl.DecodeBody(body(), ectx, output.Interface())
 		if diag.HasErrors() {
 			return diag
 		}
@@ -475,11 +470,11 @@ func (p *parser) resolveBlock(block *hcl.Block, target *hcl.BodySchema) (err err
 		}

 		// store the result into the evaluation context (so it can be referenced)
-		outputType, err := ImpliedType(output.Interface())
+		outputType, err := gocty.ImpliedType(output.Interface())
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		outputValue, err := ToCtyValue(output.Interface(), outputType)
+		outputValue, err := gocty.ToCtyValue(output.Interface(), outputType)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -491,12 +486,7 @@ func (p *parser) resolveBlock(block *hcl.Block, target *hcl.BodySchema) (err err
 			m = map[string]cty.Value{}
 		}
 		m[name] = outputValue
-
-		// The logical contents of this structure is similar to a map,
-		// but it's possible for some attributes to be different in a way that's
-		// illegal for a map so we use an object here instead which is structurally
-		// equivalent but allows disparate types for different keys.
-		p.ectx.Variables[block.Type] = cty.ObjectVal(m)
+		p.ectx.Variables[block.Type] = cty.MapVal(m)
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -551,37 +541,10 @@ func (p *parser) resolveBlockNames(block *hcl.Block) ([]string, error) {
 	return names, nil
 }

-func (p *parser) validateVariables(vars map[string]*variable, ectx *hcl.EvalContext) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	var diags hcl.Diagnostics
-	for _, v := range vars {
-		for _, validation := range v.Validations {
-			condition, condDiags := validation.Condition.Value(ectx)
-			if condDiags.HasErrors() {
-				diags = append(diags, condDiags...)
-				continue
-			}
-			if !condition.True() {
-				message, msgDiags := validation.ErrorMessage.Value(ectx)
-				if msgDiags.HasErrors() {
-					diags = append(diags, msgDiags...)
-					continue
-				}
-				diags = append(diags, &hcl.Diagnostic{
-					Severity: hcl.DiagError,
-					Summary:  "Validation failed",
-					Detail:   message.AsString(),
-					Subject:  validation.Condition.Range().Ptr(),
-				})
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return diags
-}
-
 type Variable struct {
-	Name        string  `json:"name"`
-	Description string  `json:"description,omitempty"`
-	Value       *string `json:"value,omitempty"`
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Value       *string
 }

 type ParseMeta struct {
@@ -723,9 +686,6 @@ func Parse(b hcl.Body, opt Opt, val interface{}) (*ParseMeta, hcl.Diagnostics) {
 		}
 		vars = append(vars, v)
 	}
-	if diags := p.validateVariables(p.vars, p.ectx); diags.HasErrors() {
-		return nil, diags
-	}

 	for k := range p.funcs {
 		if err := p.resolveFunction(p.ectx, k); err != nil {
@@ -987,8 +947,3 @@ func key(ks ...any) uint64 {
 	}
 	return hash.Sum64()
 }
-
-func decodeBody(body hcl.Body, ctx *hcl.EvalContext, val interface{}) hcl.Diagnostics {
-	dec := gohcl.DecodeOptions{ImpliedType: ImpliedType}
-	return dec.DecodeBody(body, ctx, val)
-}
--- a/bake/hclparser/stdlib.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/stdlib.go
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ func indexOfFunc() function.Function {
 				}
 			}
 			return cty.NilVal, errors.New("item not found")
+
 		},
 	})
 }
--- a/bake/hclparser/type_implied.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/type_implied.go
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-// MIT License
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Martin Atkins
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-// SOFTWARE.
-
-package hclparser
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
-)
-
-// ImpliedType takes an arbitrary Go value (as an interface{}) and attempts
-// to find a suitable cty.Type instance that could be used for a conversion
-// with ToCtyValue.
-//
-// This allows -- for simple situations at least -- types to be defined just
-// once in Go and the cty types derived from the Go types, but in the process
-// it makes some assumptions that may be undesirable so applications are
-// encouraged to build their cty types directly if exacting control is
-// required.
-//
-// Not all Go types can be represented as cty types, so an error may be
-// returned which is usually considered to be a bug in the calling program.
-// In particular, ImpliedType will never use capsule types in its returned
-// type, because it cannot know the capsule types supported by the calling
-// program.
-func ImpliedType(gv interface{}) (cty.Type, error) {
-	rt := reflect.TypeOf(gv)
-	var path cty.Path
-	return impliedType(rt, path)
-}
-
-func impliedType(rt reflect.Type, path cty.Path) (cty.Type, error) {
-	if ety, err := impliedTypeExt(rt, path); err == nil {
-		return ety, nil
-	}
-
-	switch rt.Kind() {
-	case reflect.Ptr:
-		return impliedType(rt.Elem(), path)
-
-	// Primitive types
-	case reflect.Bool:
-		return cty.Bool, nil
-	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-		return cty.Number, nil
-	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
-		return cty.Number, nil
-	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-		return cty.Number, nil
-	case reflect.String:
-		return cty.String, nil
-
-	// Collection types
-	case reflect.Slice:
-		path := append(path, cty.IndexStep{Key: cty.UnknownVal(cty.Number)})
-		ety, err := impliedType(rt.Elem(), path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return cty.NilType, err
-		}
-		return cty.List(ety), nil
-	case reflect.Map:
-		if !stringType.AssignableTo(rt.Key()) {
-			return cty.NilType, path.NewErrorf("no cty.Type for %s (must have string keys)", rt)
-		}
-		path := append(path, cty.IndexStep{Key: cty.UnknownVal(cty.String)})
-		ety, err := impliedType(rt.Elem(), path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return cty.NilType, err
-		}
-		return cty.Map(ety), nil
-
-	// Structural types
-	case reflect.Struct:
-		return impliedStructType(rt, path)
-
-	default:
-		return cty.NilType, path.NewErrorf("no cty.Type for %s", rt)
-	}
-}
-
-func impliedStructType(rt reflect.Type, path cty.Path) (cty.Type, error) {
-	if valueType.AssignableTo(rt) {
-		// Special case: cty.Value represents cty.DynamicPseudoType, for
-		// type conformance checking.
-		return cty.DynamicPseudoType, nil
-	}
-
-	fieldIdxs := structTagIndices(rt)
-	if len(fieldIdxs) == 0 {
-		return cty.NilType, path.NewErrorf("no cty.Type for %s (no cty field tags)", rt)
-	}
-
-	atys := make(map[string]cty.Type, len(fieldIdxs))
-
-	{
-		// Temporary extension of path for attributes
-		path := append(path, nil)
-
-		for k, fi := range fieldIdxs {
-			path[len(path)-1] = cty.GetAttrStep{Name: k}
-
-			ft := rt.Field(fi).Type
-			aty, err := impliedType(ft, path)
-			if err != nil {
-				return cty.NilType, err
-			}
-
-			atys[k] = aty
-		}
-	}
-
-	return cty.Object(atys), nil
-}
-
-var (
-	valueType  = reflect.TypeOf(cty.Value{})
-	stringType = reflect.TypeOf("")
-)
-
-// structTagIndices interrogates the fields of the given type (which must
-// be a struct type, or we'll panic) and returns a map from the cty
-// attribute names declared via struct tags to the indices of the
-// fields holding those tags.
-//
-// This function will panic if two fields within the struct are tagged with
-// the same cty attribute name.
-func structTagIndices(st reflect.Type) map[string]int {
-	ct := st.NumField()
-	ret := make(map[string]int, ct)
-
-	for i := 0; i < ct; i++ {
-		field := st.Field(i)
-		attrName := field.Tag.Get("cty")
-		if attrName != "" {
-			ret[attrName] = i
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ret
-}
--- a/bake/hclparser/type_implied_ext.go
+++ b/bake/hclparser/type_implied_ext.go
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-package hclparser
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/containerd/errdefs"
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/convert"
-	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/gocty"
-)
-
-type ToCtyValueConverter interface {
-	// ToCtyValue will convert this capsule value into a native
-	// cty.Value. This should not return a capsule type.
-	ToCtyValue() cty.Value
-}
-
-type FromCtyValueConverter interface {
-	// FromCtyValue will initialize this value using a cty.Value.
-	FromCtyValue(in cty.Value, path cty.Path) error
-}
-
-type extensionType int
-
-const (
-	unwrapCapsuleValueExtension extensionType = iota
-)
-
-func impliedTypeExt(rt reflect.Type, _ cty.Path) (cty.Type, error) {
-	if rt.Kind() != reflect.Pointer {
-		rt = reflect.PointerTo(rt)
-	}
-
-	if isCapsuleType(rt) {
-		return capsuleValueCapsuleType(rt), nil
-	}
-	return cty.NilType, errdefs.ErrNotImplemented
-}
-
-func isCapsuleType(rt reflect.Type) bool {
-	fromCtyValueType := reflect.TypeFor[FromCtyValueConverter]()
-	toCtyValueType := reflect.TypeFor[ToCtyValueConverter]()
-	return rt.Implements(fromCtyValueType) && rt.Implements(toCtyValueType)
-}
-
-var capsuleValueTypes sync.Map
-
-func capsuleValueCapsuleType(rt reflect.Type) cty.Type {
-	if rt.Kind() != reflect.Pointer {
-		panic("capsule value must be a pointer")
-	}
-
-	elem := rt.Elem()
-	if val, loaded := capsuleValueTypes.Load(elem); loaded {
-		return val.(cty.Type)
-	}
-
-	toCtyValueType := reflect.TypeFor[ToCtyValueConverter]()
-
-	// First time used. Initialize new capsule ops.
-	ops := &cty.CapsuleOps{
-		ConversionTo: func(_ cty.Type) func(cty.Value, cty.Path) (any, error) {
-			return func(in cty.Value, p cty.Path) (any, error) {
-				rv := reflect.New(elem).Interface()
-				if err := rv.(FromCtyValueConverter).FromCtyValue(in, p); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				return rv, nil
-			}
-		},
-		ConversionFrom: func(want cty.Type) func(any, cty.Path) (cty.Value, error) {
-			return func(in any, _ cty.Path) (cty.Value, error) {
-				rv := reflect.ValueOf(in).Convert(toCtyValueType)
-				v := rv.Interface().(ToCtyValueConverter).ToCtyValue()
-				return convert.Convert(v, want)
-			}
-		},
-		ExtensionData: func(key any) any {
-			switch key {
-			case unwrapCapsuleValueExtension:
-				zero := reflect.Zero(elem).Interface()
-				if conv, ok := zero.(ToCtyValueConverter); ok {
-					return conv.ToCtyValue().Type()
-				}
-
-				zero = reflect.Zero(rt).Interface()
-				if conv, ok := zero.(ToCtyValueConverter); ok {
-					return conv.ToCtyValue().Type()
-				}
-			}
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Attempt to store the new type. Use whichever was loaded first in the case
-	// of a race condition.
-	ety := cty.CapsuleWithOps(elem.Name(), elem, ops)
-	val, _ := capsuleValueTypes.LoadOrStore(elem, ety)
-	return val.(cty.Type)
-}
-
-// UnwrapCtyValue will unwrap capsule type values into their native cty value
-// equivalents if possible.
-func UnwrapCtyValue(in cty.Value) cty.Value {
-	want := toCtyValueType(in.Type())
-	if in.Type().Equals(want) {
-		return in
-	} else if out, err := convert.Convert(in, want); err == nil {
-		return out
-	}
-	return cty.NullVal(want)
-}
-
-func toCtyValueType(in cty.Type) cty.Type {
-	if et := in.MapElementType(); et != nil {
-		return cty.Map(toCtyValueType(*et))
-	}
-
-	if et := in.SetElementType(); et != nil {
-		return cty.Set(toCtyValueType(*et))
-	}
-
-	if et := in.ListElementType(); et != nil {
-		return cty.List(toCtyValueType(*et))
-	}
-
-	if in.IsObjectType() {
-		var optional []string
-		inAttrTypes := in.AttributeTypes()
-		outAttrTypes := make(map[string]cty.Type, len(inAttrTypes))
-		for name, typ := range inAttrTypes {
-			outAttrTypes[name] = toCtyValueType(typ)
-			if in.AttributeOptional(name) {
-				optional = append(optional, name)
-			}
-		}
-		return cty.ObjectWithOptionalAttrs(outAttrTypes, optional)
-	}
-
-	if in.IsTupleType() {
-		inTypes := in.TupleElementTypes()
-		outTypes := make([]cty.Type, len(inTypes))
-		for i, typ := range inTypes {
-			outTypes[i] = toCtyValueType(typ)
-		}
-		return cty.Tuple(outTypes)
-	}
-
-	if in.IsCapsuleType() {
-		if out := in.CapsuleExtensionData(unwrapCapsuleValueExtension); out != nil {
-			return out.(cty.Type)
-		}
-		return cty.DynamicPseudoType
-	}
-
-	return in
-}
-
-func ToCtyValue(val any, ty cty.Type) (cty.Value, error) {
-	out, err := gocty.ToCtyValue(val, ty)
-	if err != nil {
-		return out, err
-	}
-	return UnwrapCtyValue(out), nil
-}
--- a/bake/remote.go
+++ b/bake/remote.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	controllerapi "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
-	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/dockerui"
@@ -20,8 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )

-const maxBakeDefinitionSize = 2 * 1024 * 1024 // 2 MB
-
 type Input struct {
 	State *llb.State
 	URL   string
@@ -109,6 +106,7 @@ func ReadRemoteFiles(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, url string, name
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}, ch)
+
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -180,9 +178,9 @@ func filesFromURLRef(ctx context.Context, c gwclient.Client, ref gwclient.Refere
 	name := inp.URL
 	inp.URL = ""

-	if int64(len(dt)) > stat.Size {
-		if stat.Size > maxBakeDefinitionSize {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("non-archive definition URL bigger than maximum allowed size (%s)", units.HumanSize(maxBakeDefinitionSize))
+	if len(dt) > stat.Size() {
+		if stat.Size() > 1024*512 {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("non-archive definition URL bigger than maximum allowed size")
 		}

 		dt, err = ref.ReadFile(ctx, gwclient.ReadRequest{
--- a/build/build.go
+++ b/build/build.go
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/images"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/images"
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
-	controllerapi "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
@@ -51,39 +50,35 @@ import (
 	fstypes "github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil/types"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 const (
-	printFallbackImage     = "docker/dockerfile:1.7.1@sha256:a57df69d0ea827fb7266491f2813635de6f17269be881f696fbfdf2d83dda33e"
-	printLintFallbackImage = "docker/dockerfile:1.8.1@sha256:e87caa74dcb7d46cd820352bfea12591f3dba3ddc4285e19c7dcd13359f7cefd"
+	printFallbackImage     = "docker/dockerfile:1.5@sha256:dbbd5e059e8a07ff7ea6233b213b36aa516b4c53c645f1817a4dd18b83cbea56"
+	printLintFallbackImage = "docker.io/docker/dockerfile-upstream:1.8.1@sha256:e87caa74dcb7d46cd820352bfea12591f3dba3ddc4285e19c7dcd13359f7cefd"
 )

 type Options struct {
 	Inputs Inputs

-	Ref                        string
-	Allow                      []entitlements.Entitlement
-	Attests                    map[string]*string
-	BuildArgs                  map[string]string
-	CacheFrom                  []client.CacheOptionsEntry
-	CacheTo                    []client.CacheOptionsEntry
-	CgroupParent               string
-	Exports                    []client.ExportEntry
-	ExportsLocalPathsTemporary []string // should be removed after client.ExportEntry update in buildkit v0.19.0
-	ExtraHosts                 []string
-	Labels                     map[string]string
-	NetworkMode                string
-	NoCache                    bool
-	NoCacheFilter              []string
-	Platforms                  []specs.Platform
-	Pull                       bool
-	SecretSpecs                []*controllerapi.Secret
-	SSHSpecs                   []*controllerapi.SSH
-	ShmSize                    opts.MemBytes
-	Tags                       []string
-	Target                     string
-	Ulimits                    *opts.UlimitOpt
+	Ref           string
+	Allow         []entitlements.Entitlement
+	Attests       map[string]*string
+	BuildArgs     map[string]string
+	CacheFrom     []client.CacheOptionsEntry
+	CacheTo       []client.CacheOptionsEntry
+	CgroupParent  string
+	Exports       []client.ExportEntry
+	ExtraHosts    []string
+	Labels        map[string]string
+	NetworkMode   string
+	NoCache       bool
+	NoCacheFilter []string
+	Platforms     []specs.Platform
+	Pull          bool
+	ShmSize       opts.MemBytes
+	Tags          []string
+	Target        string
+	Ulimits       *opts.UlimitOpt

 	Session                []session.Attachable
 	Linked                 bool // Linked marks this target as exclusively linked (not requested by the user).
@@ -106,9 +101,6 @@ type Inputs struct {
 	ContextState     *llb.State
 	DockerfileInline string
 	NamedContexts    map[string]NamedContext
-	// DockerfileMappingSrc and DockerfileMappingDst are filled in by the builder.
-	DockerfileMappingSrc string
-	DockerfileMappingDst string
 }

 type NamedContext struct {
@@ -155,11 +147,11 @@ func toRepoOnly(in string) (string, error) {
 	return strings.Join(out, ","), nil
 }

-func Build(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[string]Options, docker *dockerutil.Client, cfg *confutil.Config, w progress.Writer) (resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse, err error) {
-	return BuildWithResultHandler(ctx, nodes, opts, docker, cfg, w, nil)
+func Build(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[string]Options, docker *dockerutil.Client, configDir string, w progress.Writer) (resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse, err error) {
+	return BuildWithResultHandler(ctx, nodes, opt, docker, configDir, w, nil)
 }

-func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[string]Options, docker *dockerutil.Client, cfg *confutil.Config, w progress.Writer, resultHandleFunc func(driverIndex int, rCtx *ResultHandle)) (resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse, err error) {
+func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opt map[string]Options, docker *dockerutil.Client, configDir string, w progress.Writer, resultHandleFunc func(driverIndex int, rCtx *ResultHandle)) (resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse, err error) {
 	if len(nodes) == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("driver required for build")
 	}
@@ -177,9 +169,9 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[
 		}
 	}

-	if noMobyDriver != nil && !noDefaultLoad() && noCallFunc(opts) {
+	if noMobyDriver != nil && !noDefaultLoad() && noCallFunc(opt) {
 		var noOutputTargets []string
-		for name, opt := range opts {
+		for name, opt := range opt {
 			if noMobyDriver.Features(ctx)[driver.DefaultLoad] {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -200,7 +192,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[
 		}
 	}

-	drivers, err := resolveDrivers(ctx, nodes, opts, w)
+	drivers, err := resolveDrivers(ctx, nodes, opt, w)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -217,7 +209,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[
 	reqForNodes := make(map[string][]*reqForNode)
 	eg, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)

-	for k, opt := range opts {
+	for k, opt := range opt {
 		multiDriver := len(drivers[k]) > 1
 		hasMobyDriver := false
 		addGitAttrs, err := getGitAttributes(ctx, opt.Inputs.ContextPath, opt.Inputs.DockerfilePath)
@@ -237,13 +229,11 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			localOpt := opt
-			so, release, err := toSolveOpt(ctx, np.Node(), multiDriver, &localOpt, gatewayOpts, cfg, w, docker)
-			opts[k] = localOpt
+			so, release, err := toSolveOpt(ctx, np.Node(), multiDriver, opt, gatewayOpts, configDir, w, docker)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			if err := saveLocalState(so, k, opt, np.Node(), cfg); err != nil {
+			if err := saveLocalState(so, k, opt, np.Node(), configDir); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			addGitAttrs(so)
@@ -279,7 +269,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[
 	}

 	// validate that all links between targets use same drivers
-	for name := range opts {
+	for name := range opt {
 		dps := reqForNodes[name]
 		for i, dp := range dps {
 			so := reqForNodes[name][i].so
@@ -315,10 +305,10 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[
 	var respMu sync.Mutex
 	results := waitmap.New()

-	multiTarget := len(opts) > 1
-	childTargets := calculateChildTargets(reqForNodes, opts)
+	multiTarget := len(opt) > 1
+	childTargets := calculateChildTargets(reqForNodes, opt)

-	for k, opt := range opts {
+	for k, opt := range opt {
 		err := func(k string) (err error) {
 			opt := opt
 			dps := drivers[k]
@@ -504,9 +494,7 @@ func BuildWithResultHandler(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, opts map[
 						resultHandle, rr, err = NewResultHandle(ctx, cc, *so, "buildx", buildFunc, ch)
 						resultHandleFunc(dp.driverIndex, resultHandle)
 					} else {
-						span, ctx := tracing.StartSpan(ctx, "build")
 						rr, err = c.Build(ctx, *so, "buildx", buildFunc, ch)
-						tracing.FinishWithError(span, err)
 					}
 					if !so.Internal && desktop.BuildBackendEnabled() && node.Driver.HistoryAPISupported(ctx) {
 						if err != nil {
@@ -1143,7 +1131,7 @@ func ReadSourcePolicy() (*spb.Policy, error) {
 	var pol spb.Policy
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &pol); err != nil {
 		// maybe it's in protobuf format?
-		e2 := proto.Unmarshal(data, &pol)
+		e2 := pol.Unmarshal(data)
 		if e2 != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to parse source policy")
 		}
--- a/build/git_test.go
+++ b/build/git_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func setupTest(tb testing.TB) {
 	gitutil.GitInit(c, tb)

 	df := []byte("FROM alpine:latest\n")
-	require.NoError(tb, os.WriteFile("Dockerfile", df, 0644))
+	assert.NoError(tb, os.WriteFile("Dockerfile", df, 0644))

 	gitutil.GitAdd(c, tb, "Dockerfile")
 	gitutil.GitCommit(c, tb, "initial commit")
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func setupTest(tb testing.TB) {

 func TestGetGitAttributesNotGitRepo(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), t.TempDir(), "Dockerfile")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }

 func TestGetGitAttributesBadGitRepo(t *testing.T) {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func TestGetGitAttributesNoContext(t *testing.T) {
 	setupTest(t)

 	addGitAttrs, err := getGitAttributes(context.Background(), "", "Dockerfile")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	var so client.SolveOpt
 	addGitAttrs(&so)
 	assert.Empty(t, so.FrontendAttrs)
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ func TestLocalDirsSub(t *testing.T) {
 	gitutil.GitInit(c, t)

 	df := []byte("FROM alpine:latest\n")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll("app", 0755))
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile("app/Dockerfile", df, 0644))
+	assert.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll("app", 0755))
+	assert.NoError(t, os.WriteFile("app/Dockerfile", df, 0644))

 	gitutil.GitAdd(c, t, "app/Dockerfile")
 	gitutil.GitCommit(c, t, "initial commit")
--- a/build/invoke.go
+++ b/build/invoke.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (

 type Container struct {
 	cancelOnce      sync.Once
-	containerCancel func(error)
+	containerCancel func()
 	isUnavailable   atomic.Bool
 	initStarted     atomic.Bool
 	container       gateway.Container
@@ -31,18 +31,18 @@ func NewContainer(ctx context.Context, resultCtx *ResultHandle, cfg *controllera
 	errCh := make(chan error)
 	go func() {
 		err := resultCtx.build(func(ctx context.Context, c gateway.Client) (*gateway.Result, error) {
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 			go func() {
 				<-mainCtx.Done()
-				cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+				cancel()
 			}()

 			containerCfg, err := resultCtx.getContainerConfig(cfg)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			containerCtx, containerCancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-			defer containerCancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+			containerCtx, containerCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+			defer containerCancel()
 			bkContainer, err := c.NewContainer(containerCtx, containerCfg)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (c *Container) Cancel() {
 	c.markUnavailable()
 	c.cancelOnce.Do(func() {
 		if c.containerCancel != nil {
-			c.containerCancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+			c.containerCancel()
 		}
 		close(c.releaseCh)
 	})
--- a/build/localstate.go
+++ b/build/localstate.go
@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@ import (

 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/localstate"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 )

-func saveLocalState(so *client.SolveOpt, target string, opts Options, node builder.Node, cfg *confutil.Config) error {
+func saveLocalState(so *client.SolveOpt, target string, opts Options, node builder.Node, configDir string) error {
 	var err error
-	if so.Ref == "" || opts.CallFunc != nil {
+	if so.Ref == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
 	lp := opts.Inputs.ContextPath
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ func saveLocalState(so *client.SolveOpt, target string, opts Options, node build
 	if lp == "" && dp == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
-	l, err := localstate.New(cfg)
+	l, err := localstate.New(configDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/build/opt.go
+++ b/build/opt.go
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"

-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/plugins/content/local"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content/local"
 	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil"
 )

-func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt *Options, bopts gateway.BuildOpts, cfg *confutil.Config, pw progress.Writer, docker *dockerutil.Client) (_ *client.SolveOpt, release func(), err error) {
+func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt Options, bopts gateway.BuildOpts, configDir string, pw progress.Writer, docker *dockerutil.Client) (_ *client.SolveOpt, release func(), err error) {
 	nodeDriver := node.Driver
 	defers := make([]func(), 0, 2)
 	releaseF := func() {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt *O
 	so.Exports = opt.Exports
 	so.Session = slices.Clone(opt.Session)

-	releaseLoad, err := loadInputs(ctx, nodeDriver, &opt.Inputs, pw, &so)
+	releaseLoad, err := loadInputs(ctx, nodeDriver, opt.Inputs, pw, &so)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt *O

 	// add node identifier to shared key if one was specified
 	if so.SharedKey != "" {
-		so.SharedKey += ":" + cfg.TryNodeIdentifier()
+		so.SharedKey += ":" + confutil.TryNodeIdentifier(configDir)
 	}

 	if opt.Pull {
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, node builder.Node, multiDriver bool, opt *O
 	return &so, releaseF, nil
 }

-func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp *Inputs, pw progress.Writer, target *client.SolveOpt) (func(), error) {
+func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp Inputs, pw progress.Writer, target *client.SolveOpt) (func(), error) {
 	if inp.ContextPath == "" {
 		return nil, errors.New("please specify build context (e.g. \".\" for the current directory)")
 	}
@@ -364,12 +364,11 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp *Inputs, pw pro
 	// TODO: handle stdin, symlinks, remote contexts, check files exist

 	var (
-		err               error
-		dockerfileReader  io.ReadCloser
-		dockerfileDir     string
-		dockerfileName    = inp.DockerfilePath
-		dockerfileSrcName = inp.DockerfilePath
-		toRemove          []string
+		err              error
+		dockerfileReader io.ReadCloser
+		dockerfileDir    string
+		dockerfileName   = inp.DockerfilePath
+		toRemove         []string
 	)

 	switch {
@@ -441,11 +440,6 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp *Inputs, pw pro

 	if inp.DockerfileInline != "" {
 		dockerfileReader = io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(inp.DockerfileInline))
-		dockerfileSrcName = "inline"
-	} else if inp.DockerfilePath == "-" {
-		dockerfileSrcName = "stdin"
-	} else if inp.DockerfilePath == "" {
-		dockerfileSrcName = filepath.Join(inp.ContextPath, "Dockerfile")
 	}

 	if dockerfileReader != nil {
@@ -546,9 +540,6 @@ func loadInputs(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, inp *Inputs, pw pro
 			_ = os.RemoveAll(dir)
 		}
 	}
-
-	inp.DockerfileMappingSrc = dockerfileSrcName
-	inp.DockerfileMappingDst = dockerfileName
 	return release, nil
 }

--- a/build/provenance.go
+++ b/build/provenance.go
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content/proxy"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content/proxy"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	controlapi "github.com/moby/buildkit/api/services/control"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	provenancetypes "github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/llbsolver/provenance/types"
-	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	ocispecs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
@@ -125,8 +124,8 @@ func lookupProvenance(res *controlapi.BuildResultInfo) *ocispecs.Descriptor {
 	for _, a := range res.Attestations {
 		if a.MediaType == "application/vnd.in-toto+json" && strings.HasPrefix(a.Annotations["in-toto.io/predicate-type"], "https://slsa.dev/provenance/") {
 			return &ocispecs.Descriptor{
-				Digest:      digest.Digest(a.Digest),
-				Size:        a.Size,
+				Digest:      a.Digest,
+				Size:        a.Size_,
 				MediaType:   a.MediaType,
 				Annotations: a.Annotations,
 			}
--- a/build/replicatedstream_test.go
+++ b/build/replicatedstream_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 func generateRandomData(size int) []byte {
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ func TestSyncMultiReaderParallel(t *testing.T) {
 					return
 				}

-				assert.NoError(t, err, "Reader %d error", readerId)
+				require.NoError(t, err, "Reader %d error", readerId)

 				if mathrand.Intn(1000) == 0 { //nolint:gosec
 					t.Logf("Reader %d closing", readerId)
--- a/build/result.go
+++ b/build/result.go
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func NewResultHandle(ctx context.Context, cc *client.Client, opt client.SolveOpt
 	var respHandle *ResultHandle

 	go func() {
-		defer func() { cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled)) }() // ensure no dangling processes
+		defer cancel(context.Canceled) // ensure no dangling processes

 		var res *gateway.Result
 		var err error
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ func NewResultHandle(ctx context.Context, cc *client.Client, opt client.SolveOpt
 			case <-respHandle.done:
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 			}
-			return nil, context.Cause(ctx)
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
 		}, nil)
 		if respHandle != nil {
 			return
@@ -295,14 +295,14 @@ func (r *ResultHandle) build(buildFunc gateway.BuildFunc) (err error) {
 func (r *ResultHandle) getContainerConfig(cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (containerCfg gateway.NewContainerRequest, _ error) {
 	if r.res != nil && r.solveErr == nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("creating container from successful build")
-		ccfg, err := containerConfigFromResult(r.res, cfg)
+		ccfg, err := containerConfigFromResult(r.res, *cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return containerCfg, err
 		}
 		containerCfg = *ccfg
 	} else {
 		logrus.Debugf("creating container from failed build %+v", cfg)
-		ccfg, err := containerConfigFromError(r.solveErr, cfg)
+		ccfg, err := containerConfigFromError(r.solveErr, *cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return containerCfg, errors.Wrapf(err, "no result nor error is available")
 		}
@@ -315,19 +315,19 @@ func (r *ResultHandle) getProcessConfig(cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig, stdin i
 	processCfg := newStartRequest(stdin, stdout, stderr)
 	if r.res != nil && r.solveErr == nil {
 		logrus.Debugf("creating container from successful build")
-		if err := populateProcessConfigFromResult(&processCfg, r.res, cfg); err != nil {
+		if err := populateProcessConfigFromResult(&processCfg, r.res, *cfg); err != nil {
 			return processCfg, err
 		}
 	} else {
 		logrus.Debugf("creating container from failed build %+v", cfg)
-		if err := populateProcessConfigFromError(&processCfg, r.solveErr, cfg); err != nil {
+		if err := populateProcessConfigFromError(&processCfg, r.solveErr, *cfg); err != nil {
 			return processCfg, err
 		}
 	}
 	return processCfg, nil
 }

-func containerConfigFromResult(res *gateway.Result, cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (*gateway.NewContainerRequest, error) {
+func containerConfigFromResult(res *gateway.Result, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (*gateway.NewContainerRequest, error) {
 	if cfg.Initial {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("starting from the container from the initial state of the step is supported only on the failed steps")
 	}
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ func containerConfigFromResult(res *gateway.Result, cfg *controllerapi.InvokeCon
 	}, nil
 }

-func populateProcessConfigFromResult(req *gateway.StartRequest, res *gateway.Result, cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) error {
+func populateProcessConfigFromResult(req *gateway.StartRequest, res *gateway.Result, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig) error {
 	imgData := res.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey]
 	var img *specs.Image
 	if len(imgData) > 0 {
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ func populateProcessConfigFromResult(req *gateway.StartRequest, res *gateway.Res
 	return nil
 }

-func containerConfigFromError(solveErr *errdefs.SolveError, cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (*gateway.NewContainerRequest, error) {
+func containerConfigFromError(solveErr *errdefs.SolveError, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig) (*gateway.NewContainerRequest, error) {
 	exec, err := execOpFromError(solveErr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ func containerConfigFromError(solveErr *errdefs.SolveError, cfg *controllerapi.I
 	}, nil
 }

-func populateProcessConfigFromError(req *gateway.StartRequest, solveErr *errdefs.SolveError, cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig) error {
+func populateProcessConfigFromError(req *gateway.StartRequest, solveErr *errdefs.SolveError, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig) error {
 	exec, err := execOpFromError(solveErr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/build/url.go
+++ b/build/url.go
@@ -7,15 +7,12 @@ import (

 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
-	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
 	gwclient "github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/gateway/client"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )

-const maxDockerfileSize = 2 * 1024 * 1024 // 2 MB
-
 func createTempDockerfileFromURL(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, url string, pw progress.Writer) (string, error) {
 	c, err := driver.Boot(ctx, ctx, d, pw)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -46,8 +43,8 @@ func createTempDockerfileFromURL(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, ur
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		if stat.Size > maxDockerfileSize {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Dockerfile %s bigger than allowed max size (%s)", url, units.HumanSize(maxDockerfileSize))
+		if stat.Size() > 512*1024 {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("Dockerfile %s bigger than allowed max size", url)
 		}

 		dt, err := ref.ReadFile(ctx, gwclient.ReadRequest{
@@ -66,6 +63,7 @@ func createTempDockerfileFromURL(ctx context.Context, d *driver.DriverHandle, ur
 		out = dir
 		return nil, nil
 	}, ch)
+
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
--- a/build/utils_test.go
+++ b/build/utils_test.go
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func TestToBuildkitExtraHosts(t *testing.T) {
 			actualOut, actualErr := toBuildkitExtraHosts(context.TODO(), tc.input, nil)
 			if tc.expectedErr == "" {
 				require.Equal(t, tc.expectedOut, actualOut)
-				require.NoError(t, actualErr)
+				require.Nil(t, actualErr)
 			} else {
 				require.Zero(t, actualOut)
 				require.Error(t, actualErr, tc.expectedErr)
--- a/builder/builder.go
+++ b/builder/builder.go
@@ -288,15 +288,7 @@ func GetBuilders(dockerCli command.Cli, txn *store.Txn) ([]*Builder, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	contexts, err := dockerCli.ContextStore().List()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	sort.Slice(contexts, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return contexts[i].Name < contexts[j].Name
-	})
-
-	builders := make([]*Builder, len(storeng), len(storeng)+len(contexts))
+	builders := make([]*Builder, len(storeng))
 	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for i, ng := range storeng {
 		b, err := New(dockerCli,
@@ -311,6 +303,14 @@ func GetBuilders(dockerCli command.Cli, txn *store.Txn) ([]*Builder, error) {
 		seen[b.NodeGroup.Name] = struct{}{}
 	}

+	contexts, err := dockerCli.ContextStore().List()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sort.Slice(contexts, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return contexts[i].Name < contexts[j].Name
+	})
+
 	for _, c := range contexts {
 		// if a context has the same name as an instance from the store, do not
 		// add it to the builders list. An instance from the store takes
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ func Create(ctx context.Context, txn *store.Txn, dockerCli command.Cli, opts Cre
 	if buildkitdConfigFile == "" {
 		// if buildkit daemon config is not provided, check if the default one
 		// is available and use it
-		if f, ok := confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli).BuildKitConfigFile(); ok {
+		if f, ok := confutil.DefaultConfigFile(dockerCli); ok {
 			buildkitdConfigFile = f
 		}
 	}
@@ -522,9 +522,8 @@ func Create(ctx context.Context, txn *store.Txn, dockerCli command.Cli, opts Cre
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	cancelCtx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-	timeoutCtx, _ := context.WithTimeoutCause(cancelCtx, 20*time.Second, errors.WithStack(context.DeadlineExceeded)) //nolint:govet,lostcancel // no need to manually cancel this context as we already rely on parent
-	defer func() { cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled)) }()
+	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 20*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()

 	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(timeoutCtx, WithData())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -585,7 +584,7 @@ func Leave(ctx context.Context, txn *store.Txn, dockerCli command.Cli, opts Leav
 		return err
 	}

-	ls, err := localstate.New(confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli))
+	ls, err := localstate.New(confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/builder/builder_test.go
+++ b/builder/builder_test.go
@@ -19,20 +19,17 @@ func TestCsvToMap(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Contains(t, r, "tolerations")
-	require.Equal(t, "key=foo,value=bar;key=foo2,value=bar2", r["tolerations"])
+	require.Equal(t, r["tolerations"], "key=foo,value=bar;key=foo2,value=bar2")

 	require.Contains(t, r, "replicas")
-	require.Equal(t, "1", r["replicas"])
+	require.Equal(t, r["replicas"], "1")

 	require.Contains(t, r, "namespace")
-	require.Equal(t, "default", r["namespace"])
+	require.Equal(t, r["namespace"], "default")
 }

 func TestParseBuildkitdFlags(t *testing.T) {
-	dirConf := t.TempDir()
-
-	buildkitdConfPath := path.Join(dirConf, "buildkitd-conf.toml")
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(buildkitdConfPath, []byte(`
+	buildkitdConf := `
 # debug enables additional debug logging
 debug = true
 # insecure-entitlements allows insecure entitlements, disabled by default.
@@ -40,18 +37,10 @@ insecure-entitlements = [ "network.host", "security.insecure" ]
 [log]
  # log formatter: json or text
  format = "text"
-`), 0644))
-
-	buildkitdConfBrokenPath := path.Join(dirConf, "buildkitd-conf-broken.toml")
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(buildkitdConfBrokenPath, []byte(`
-[worker.oci]
-  gc = "maybe"
-`), 0644))
-
-	buildkitdConfUnknownFieldPath := path.Join(dirConf, "buildkitd-unknown-field.toml")
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(buildkitdConfUnknownFieldPath, []byte(`
-foo = "bar"
-`), 0644))
+`
+	dirConf := t.TempDir()
+	buildkitdConfPath := path.Join(dirConf, "buildkitd-conf.toml")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(buildkitdConfPath, []byte(buildkitdConf), 0644))

 	testCases := []struct {
 		name                string
@@ -168,26 +157,6 @@ foo = "bar"
 			nil,
 			true,
 		},
-		{
-			"error parsing buildkit config",
-			"",
-			"docker-container",
-			nil,
-			buildkitdConfBrokenPath,
-			nil,
-			true,
-		},
-		{
-			"unknown field in buildkit config",
-			"",
-			"docker-container",
-			nil,
-			buildkitdConfUnknownFieldPath,
-			[]string{
-				"--allow-insecure-entitlement=network.host",
-			},
-			false,
-		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range testCases {
 		tt := tt
--- a/cmd/buildx/debug.go
+++ b/cmd/buildx/debug.go
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"os"
-	"runtime"
-	"runtime/pprof"
-
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/bklog"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-func setupDebugProfiles(ctx context.Context) (stop func()) {
-	var stopFuncs []func()
-	if fn := setupCPUProfile(ctx); fn != nil {
-		stopFuncs = append(stopFuncs, fn)
-	}
-	if fn := setupHeapProfile(ctx); fn != nil {
-		stopFuncs = append(stopFuncs, fn)
-	}
-	return func() {
-		for _, fn := range stopFuncs {
-			fn()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func setupCPUProfile(ctx context.Context) (stop func()) {
-	if cpuProfile := os.Getenv("BUILDX_CPU_PROFILE"); cpuProfile != "" {
-		f, err := os.Create(cpuProfile)
-		if err != nil {
-			bklog.G(ctx).Warn("could not create cpu profile", logrus.WithError(err))
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(f); err != nil {
-			bklog.G(ctx).Warn("could not start cpu profile", logrus.WithError(err))
-			_ = f.Close()
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		return func() {
-			pprof.StopCPUProfile()
-			if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
-				bklog.G(ctx).Warn("could not close file for cpu profile", logrus.WithError(err))
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func setupHeapProfile(ctx context.Context) (stop func()) {
-	if heapProfile := os.Getenv("BUILDX_MEM_PROFILE"); heapProfile != "" {
-		// Memory profile is only created on stop.
-		return func() {
-			f, err := os.Create(heapProfile)
-			if err != nil {
-				bklog.G(ctx).Warn("could not create memory profile", logrus.WithError(err))
-				return
-			}
-
-			// get up-to-date statistics
-			runtime.GC()
-
-			if err := pprof.WriteHeapProfile(f); err != nil {
-				bklog.G(ctx).Warn("could not write memory profile", logrus.WithError(err))
-			}
-
-			if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
-				bklog.G(ctx).Warn("could not close file for memory profile", logrus.WithError(err))
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/cmd/buildx/main.go
+++ b/cmd/buildx/main.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"os"

 	"github.com/docker/buildx/commands"
-	controllererrors "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/errdefs"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/version"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
@@ -17,21 +16,23 @@ import (
 	cliflags "github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/stack"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"

+	//nolint:staticcheck // vendored dependencies may still use this
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/pkg/seed"
+
 	_ "k8s.io/client-go/plugin/pkg/client/auth/oidc"

 	_ "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/docker"
 	_ "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/docker-container"
 	_ "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/kubernetes"
 	_ "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/remote"
-
-	// Use custom grpc codec to utilize vtprotobuf
-	_ "github.com/moby/buildkit/util/grpcutil/encoding/proto"
 )

 func init() {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	seed.WithTimeAndRand()
+
 	stack.SetVersionInfo(version.Version, version.Revision)
 }

@@ -69,16 +70,6 @@ func runPlugin(cmd *command.DockerCli) error {
 	})
 }

-func run(cmd *command.DockerCli) error {
-	stopProfiles := setupDebugProfiles(context.TODO())
-	defer stopProfiles()
-
-	if plugin.RunningStandalone() {
-		return runStandalone(cmd)
-	}
-	return runPlugin(cmd)
-}
-
 func main() {
 	cmd, err := command.NewDockerCli()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -86,11 +77,15 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}

-	if err = run(cmd); err == nil {
+	if plugin.RunningStandalone() {
+		err = runStandalone(cmd)
+	} else {
+		err = runPlugin(cmd)
+	}
+	if err == nil {
 		return
 	}

-	// Check the error from the run function above.
 	if sterr, ok := err.(cli.StatusError); ok {
 		if sterr.Status != "" {
 			fmt.Fprintln(cmd.Err(), sterr.Status)
@@ -111,15 +106,8 @@ func main() {
 	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintf(cmd.Err(), "ERROR: %v\n", err)
 	}
-
-	var ebr *desktop.ErrorWithBuildRef
-	if errors.As(err, &ebr) {
+	if ebr, ok := err.(*desktop.ErrorWithBuildRef); ok {
 		ebr.Print(cmd.Err())
-	} else {
-		var be *controllererrors.BuildError
-		if errors.As(err, &be) {
-			be.PrintBuildDetails(cmd.Err())
-		}
 	}

 	os.Exit(1)
--- a/commands/bake.go
+++ b/commands/bake.go
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/localstate"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/buildflags"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
@@ -37,30 +38,24 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/progress/progressui"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 )

 type bakeOptions struct {
-	files     []string
-	overrides []string
-
-	sbom       string
-	provenance string
-	allow      []string
+	files       []string
+	overrides   []string
+	printOnly   bool
+	listTargets bool
+	listVars    bool
+	sbom        string
+	provenance  string
+	allow       []string

 	builder      string
 	metadataFile string
 	exportPush   bool
 	exportLoad   bool
 	callFunc     string
-
-	print bool
-	list  string
-
-	// TODO: remove deprecated flags
-	listTargets bool
-	listVars    bool
 }

 func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in bakeOptions, cFlags commonFlags) (err error) {
@@ -112,27 +107,16 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	wd, err := os.Getwd()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get current working directory")
-	}
-	// filesystem access under the current working directory is allowed by default
-	ent.FSRead = append(ent.FSRead, wd)
-	ent.FSWrite = append(ent.FSWrite, wd)

-	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(context.TODO())
-	defer cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
+	defer cancel()

 	var nodes []builder.Node
 	var progressConsoleDesc, progressTextDesc string

-	if in.print && in.list != "" {
-		return errors.New("--print and --list are mutually exclusive")
-	}
-
 	// instance only needed for reading remote bake files or building
 	var driverType string
-	if url != "" || !(in.print || in.list != "") {
+	if url != "" || !in.printOnly {
 		b, err := builder.New(dockerCli,
 			builder.WithName(in.builder),
 			builder.WithContextPathHash(contextPathHash),
@@ -193,7 +177,7 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 		"BAKE_LOCAL_PLATFORM": platforms.Format(platforms.DefaultSpec()),
 	}

-	if in.list != "" {
+	if in.listTargets || in.listVars {
 		cfg, pm, err := bake.ParseFiles(files, defaults)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -201,19 +185,14 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 		if err = printer.Wait(); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		list, err := parseList(in.list)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		switch list.Type {
-		case "targets":
-			return printTargetList(dockerCli.Out(), list.Format, cfg)
-		case "variables":
-			return printVars(dockerCli.Out(), list.Format, pm.AllVariables)
+		if in.listTargets {
+			return printTargetList(dockerCli.Out(), cfg)
+		} else if in.listVars {
+			return printVars(dockerCli.Out(), pm.AllVariables)
 		}
 	}

-	tgts, grps, err := bake.ReadTargets(ctx, files, targets, overrides, defaults, &ent)
+	tgts, grps, err := bake.ReadTargets(ctx, files, targets, overrides, defaults)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -245,7 +224,7 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 		Target: tgts,
 	}

-	if in.print {
+	if in.printOnly {
 		if err = printer.Wait(); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -271,7 +250,7 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := exp.Prompt(ctx, url != "", &syncWriter{w: dockerCli.Err(), wait: printer.Wait}); err != nil {
+	if err := exp.Prompt(ctx, &syncWriter{w: dockerCli.Err(), wait: printer.Wait}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if printer.IsDone() {
@@ -286,7 +265,7 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 	}

 	done := timeBuildCommand(mp, attributes)
-	resp, retErr := build.Build(ctx, nodes, bo, dockerutil.NewClient(dockerCli), confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli), printer)
+	resp, retErr := build.Build(ctx, nodes, bo, dockerutil.NewClient(dockerCli), confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli), printer)
 	if err := printer.Wait(); retErr == nil {
 		retErr = err
 	}
@@ -356,7 +335,7 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 		if callFormatJSON {
 			jsonResults[name] = map[string]any{}
 			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-			if code, err := printResult(buf, pf, res, name, &req.Inputs); err != nil {
+			if code, err := printResult(buf, pf, res); err != nil {
 				jsonResults[name]["error"] = err.Error()
 				exitCode = 1
 			} else if code != 0 && exitCode == 0 {
@@ -382,7 +361,7 @@ func runBake(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in ba
 			}

 			fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
-			if code, err := printResult(dockerCli.Out(), pf, res, name, &req.Inputs); err != nil {
+			if code, err := printResult(dockerCli.Out(), pf, res); err != nil {
 				fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "error: %v\n", err)
 				exitCode = 1
 			} else if code != 0 && exitCode == 0 {
@@ -441,13 +420,6 @@ func bakeCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 			if !cmd.Flags().Lookup("pull").Changed {
 				cFlags.pull = nil
 			}
-			if options.list == "" {
-				if options.listTargets {
-					options.list = "targets"
-				} else if options.listVars {
-					options.list = "variables"
-				}
-			}
 			options.builder = rootOpts.builder
 			options.metadataFile = cFlags.metadataFile
 			// Other common flags (noCache, pull and progress) are processed in runBake function.
@@ -460,6 +432,7 @@ func bakeCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {

 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.files, "file", "f", []string{}, "Build definition file")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportLoad, "load", false, `Shorthand for "--set=*.output=type=docker"`)
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.printOnly, "print", false, "Print the options without building")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportPush, "push", false, `Shorthand for "--set=*.output=type=registry"`)
 	flags.StringVar(&options.sbom, "sbom", "", `Shorthand for "--set=*.attest=type=sbom"`)
 	flags.StringVar(&options.provenance, "provenance", "", `Shorthand for "--set=*.attest=type=provenance"`)
@@ -470,16 +443,13 @@ func bakeCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.VarPF(callAlias(&options.callFunc, "check"), "check", "", `Shorthand for "--call=check"`)
 	flags.Lookup("check").NoOptDefVal = "true"

-	flags.BoolVar(&options.print, "print", false, "Print the options without building")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.list, "list", "", "List targets or variables")
-
-	// TODO: remove deprecated flags
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.listTargets, "list-targets", false, "List available targets")
+	cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "list-targets")
 	flags.MarkHidden("list-targets")
-	flags.MarkDeprecated("list-targets", "list-targets is deprecated, use list=targets instead")
+
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.listVars, "list-variables", false, "List defined variables")
+	cobrautil.MarkFlagsExperimental(flags, "list-variables")
 	flags.MarkHidden("list-variables")
-	flags.MarkDeprecated("list-variables", "list-variables is deprecated, use list=variables instead")

 	commonBuildFlags(&cFlags, flags)

@@ -494,19 +464,13 @@ func saveLocalStateGroup(dockerCli command.Cli, in bakeOptions, targets []string
 	groupRef := identity.NewID()
 	refs := make([]string, 0, len(bo))
 	for k, b := range bo {
-		if b.CallFunc != nil {
-			continue
-		}
 		b.Ref = identity.NewID()
 		b.GroupRef = groupRef
 		b.ProvenanceResponseMode = prm
 		refs = append(refs, b.Ref)
 		bo[k] = b
 	}
-	if len(refs) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	l, err := localstate.New(confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli))
+	l, err := localstate.New(confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -580,70 +544,10 @@ func readBakeFiles(ctx context.Context, nodes []builder.Node, url string, names
 	return
 }

-type listEntry struct {
-	Type   string
-	Format string
-}
-
-func parseList(input string) (listEntry, error) {
-	res := listEntry{}
-
-	fields, err := csvvalue.Fields(input, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return res, err
-	}
-
-	if len(fields) == 1 && fields[0] == input && !strings.HasPrefix(input, "type=") {
-		res.Type = input
-	}
-
-	if res.Type == "" {
-		for _, field := range fields {
-			key, value, ok := strings.Cut(field, "=")
-			if !ok {
-				return res, errors.Errorf("invalid value %s", field)
-			}
-			key = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(key))
-			switch key {
-			case "type":
-				res.Type = value
-			case "format":
-				res.Format = value
-			default:
-				return res, errors.Errorf("unexpected key '%s' in '%s'", key, field)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if res.Format == "" {
-		res.Format = "table"
-	}
-
-	switch res.Type {
-	case "targets", "variables":
-	default:
-		return res, errors.Errorf("invalid list type %q", res.Type)
-	}
-
-	switch res.Format {
-	case "table", "json":
-	default:
-		return res, errors.Errorf("invalid list format %q", res.Format)
-	}
-
-	return res, nil
-}
-
-func printVars(w io.Writer, format string, vars []*hclparser.Variable) error {
+func printVars(w io.Writer, vars []*hclparser.Variable) error {
 	slices.SortFunc(vars, func(a, b *hclparser.Variable) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
 	})
-
-	if format == "json" {
-		enc := json.NewEncoder(w)
-		enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
-		return enc.Encode(vars)
-	}
-
 	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
 	defer tw.Flush()

@@ -661,7 +565,12 @@ func printVars(w io.Writer, format string, vars []*hclparser.Variable) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func printTargetList(w io.Writer, format string, cfg *bake.Config) error {
+func printTargetList(w io.Writer, cfg *bake.Config) error {
+	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
+	defer tw.Flush()
+
+	tw.Write([]byte("TARGET\tDESCRIPTION\n"))
+
 	type targetOrGroup struct {
 		name   string
 		target *bake.Target
@@ -680,20 +589,6 @@ func printTargetList(w io.Writer, format string, cfg *bake.Config) error {
 		return cmp.Compare(a.name, b.name)
 	})

-	var tw *tabwriter.Writer
-	if format == "table" {
-		tw = tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
-		defer tw.Flush()
-		tw.Write([]byte("TARGET\tDESCRIPTION\n"))
-	}
-
-	type targetList struct {
-		Name        string `json:"name"`
-		Description string `json:"description,omitempty"`
-		Group       bool   `json:"group,omitempty"`
-	}
-	var targetsList []targetList
-
 	for _, tgt := range list {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(tgt.name, "_") {
 			// convention for a private target
@@ -702,9 +597,9 @@ func printTargetList(w io.Writer, format string, cfg *bake.Config) error {
 		var descr string
 		if tgt.target != nil {
 			descr = tgt.target.Description
-			targetsList = append(targetsList, targetList{Name: tgt.name, Description: descr})
 		} else if tgt.group != nil {
 			descr = tgt.group.Description
+
 			if len(tgt.group.Targets) > 0 {
 				slices.Sort(tgt.group.Targets)
 				names := strings.Join(tgt.group.Targets, ", ")
@@ -714,17 +609,8 @@ func printTargetList(w io.Writer, format string, cfg *bake.Config) error {
 					descr = names
 				}
 			}
-			targetsList = append(targetsList, targetList{Name: tgt.name, Description: descr, Group: true})
 		}
-		if format == "table" {
-			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\n", tgt.name, descr)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if format == "json" {
-		enc := json.NewEncoder(w)
-		enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
-		return enc.Encode(targetsList)
+		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\n", tgt.name, descr)
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -735,7 +621,7 @@ func bakeMetricAttributes(dockerCli command.Cli, driverType, url, cmdContext str
 		commandNameAttribute.String("bake"),
 		attribute.Stringer(string(commandOptionsHash), &bakeOptionsHash{
 			bakeOptions: options,
-			cfg:         confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli),
+			configDir:   confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli),
 			url:         url,
 			cmdContext:  cmdContext,
 			targets:     targets,
@@ -747,7 +633,7 @@ func bakeMetricAttributes(dockerCli command.Cli, driverType, url, cmdContext str

 type bakeOptionsHash struct {
 	*bakeOptions
-	cfg        *confutil.Config
+	configDir  string
 	url        string
 	cmdContext string
 	targets    []string
@@ -771,7 +657,7 @@ func (o *bakeOptionsHash) String() string {

 		joinedFiles := strings.Join(files, ",")
 		joinedTargets := strings.Join(targets, ",")
-		salt := o.cfg.TryNodeIdentifier()
+		salt := confutil.TryNodeIdentifier(o.configDir)

 		h := sha256.New()
 		for _, s := range []string{url, cmdContext, joinedFiles, joinedTargets, salt} {
--- a/commands/build.go
+++ b/commands/build.go
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/subrequests/outline"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/subrequests/targets"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
-	solverpb "github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/grpcerrors"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/progress/progressui"
 	"github.com/morikuni/aec"
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 type buildOptions struct {
@@ -183,17 +181,14 @@ func (o *buildOptions) toControllerOptions() (*controllerapi.BuildOptions, error
 		}
 	}

-	cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.cacheFrom)
+	opts.CacheFrom, err = buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.cacheFrom)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	opts.CacheFrom = cacheFrom.ToPB()
-
-	cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.cacheTo)
+	opts.CacheTo, err = buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.cacheTo)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	opts.CacheTo = cacheTo.ToPB()

 	opts.Secrets, err = buildflags.ParseSecretSpecs(o.secrets)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -241,7 +236,7 @@ func buildMetricAttributes(dockerCli command.Cli, driverType string, options *bu
 		commandNameAttribute.String("build"),
 		attribute.Stringer(string(commandOptionsHash), &buildOptionsHash{
 			buildOptions: options,
-			cfg:          confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli),
+			configDir:    confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli),
 		}),
 		driverNameAttribute.String(options.builder),
 		driverTypeAttribute.String(driverType),
@@ -253,7 +248,7 @@ func buildMetricAttributes(dockerCli command.Cli, driverType string, options *bu
 // the fmt.Stringer interface.
 type buildOptionsHash struct {
 	*buildOptions
-	cfg        *confutil.Config
+	configDir  string
 	result     string
 	resultOnce sync.Once
 }
@@ -270,7 +265,7 @@ func (o *buildOptionsHash) String() string {
 		if contextPath != "-" && osutil.IsLocalDir(contextPath) {
 			contextPath = osutil.ToAbs(contextPath)
 		}
-		salt := o.cfg.TryNodeIdentifier()
+		salt := confutil.TryNodeIdentifier(o.configDir)

 		h := sha256.New()
 		for _, s := range []string{target, contextPath, dockerfile, salt} {
@@ -328,8 +323,8 @@ func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions)
 	}
 	attributes := buildMetricAttributes(dockerCli, driverType, &options)

-	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(context.TODO())
-	defer func() { cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled)) }()
+	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
+	defer cancel()
 	progressMode, err := options.toDisplayMode()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -351,12 +346,11 @@ func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions)

 	done := timeBuildCommand(mp, attributes)
 	var resp *client.SolveResponse
-	var inputs *build.Inputs
 	var retErr error
 	if confutil.IsExperimental() {
-		resp, inputs, retErr = runControllerBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, options, printer)
+		resp, retErr = runControllerBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, options, printer)
 	} else {
-		resp, inputs, retErr = runBasicBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, printer)
+		resp, retErr = runBasicBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, printer)
 	}

 	if err := printer.Wait(); retErr == nil {
@@ -393,7 +387,7 @@ func runBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, options buildOptions)
 		}
 	}
 	if opts.CallFunc != nil {
-		if exitcode, err := printResult(dockerCli.Out(), opts.CallFunc, resp.ExporterResponse, options.target, inputs); err != nil {
+		if exitcode, err := printResult(dockerCli.Out(), opts.CallFunc, resp.ExporterResponse); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else if exitcode != 0 {
 			os.Exit(exitcode)
@@ -411,22 +405,22 @@ func getImageID(resp map[string]string) string {
 	return dgst
 }

-func runBasicBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *controllerapi.BuildOptions, printer *progress.Printer) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.Inputs, error) {
-	resp, res, dfmap, err := cbuild.RunBuild(ctx, dockerCli, opts, dockerCli.In(), printer, false)
+func runBasicBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *controllerapi.BuildOptions, printer *progress.Printer) (*client.SolveResponse, error) {
+	resp, res, err := cbuild.RunBuild(ctx, dockerCli, *opts, dockerCli.In(), printer, false)
 	if res != nil {
 		res.Done()
 	}
-	return resp, dfmap, err
+	return resp, err
 }

-func runControllerBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *controllerapi.BuildOptions, options buildOptions, printer *progress.Printer) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.Inputs, error) {
+func runControllerBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *controllerapi.BuildOptions, options buildOptions, printer *progress.Printer) (*client.SolveResponse, error) {
 	if options.invokeConfig != nil && (options.dockerfileName == "-" || options.contextPath == "-") {
 		// stdin must be usable for monitor
-		return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("Dockerfile or context from stdin is not supported with invoke")
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("Dockerfile or context from stdin is not supported with invoke")
 	}
 	c, err := controller.NewController(ctx, options.ControlOptions, dockerCli, printer)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := c.Close(); err != nil {
@@ -438,13 +432,12 @@ func runControllerBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *contro
 	// so we need to resolve paths to abosolute ones in the client.
 	opts, err = controllerapi.ResolveOptionPaths(opts)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+		return nil, err
 	}

 	var ref string
 	var retErr error
 	var resp *client.SolveResponse
-	var inputs *build.Inputs

 	var f *ioset.SingleForwarder
 	var pr io.ReadCloser
@@ -462,7 +455,7 @@ func runControllerBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *contro
 		})
 	}

-	ref, resp, inputs, err = c.Build(ctx, opts, pr, printer)
+	ref, resp, err = c.Build(ctx, *opts, pr, printer)
 	if err != nil {
 		var be *controllererrors.BuildError
 		if errors.As(err, &be) {
@@ -470,7 +463,7 @@ func runControllerBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *contro
 			retErr = err
 			// We can proceed to monitor
 		} else {
-			return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to build")
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to build")
 		}
 	}

@@ -511,7 +504,7 @@ func runControllerBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *contro
 		}
 	}

-	return resp, inputs, retErr
+	return resp, retErr
 }

 func printError(err error, printer *progress.Printer) error {
@@ -723,7 +716,7 @@ type commonFlags struct {

 func commonBuildFlags(options *commonFlags, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	options.noCache = flags.Bool("no-cache", false, "Do not use cache when building the image")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "quiet", "plain", "tty", "rawjson"). Use plain to show container output`)
+	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty", "rawjson"). Use plain to show container output`)
 	options.pull = flags.Bool("pull", false, "Always attempt to pull all referenced images")
 	flags.StringVar(&options.metadataFile, "metadata-file", "", "Write build result metadata to a file")
 }
@@ -766,11 +759,8 @@ func decodeExporterResponse(exporterResponse map[string]string) map[string]inter
 		}
 		var raw map[string]interface{}
 		if err = json.Unmarshal(dt, &raw); err != nil || len(raw) == 0 {
-			var rawList []map[string]interface{}
-			if err = json.Unmarshal(dt, &rawList); err != nil || len(rawList) == 0 {
-				out[k] = v
-				continue
-			}
+			out[k] = v
+			continue
 		}
 		out[k] = json.RawMessage(dt)
 	}
@@ -888,10 +878,11 @@ func printWarnings(w io.Writer, warnings []client.VertexWarning, mode progressui
 			src.Print(w)
 		}
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
+
 	}
 }

-func printResult(w io.Writer, f *controllerapi.CallFunc, res map[string]string, target string, inp *build.Inputs) (int, error) {
+func printResult(w io.Writer, f *controllerapi.CallFunc, res map[string]string) (int, error) {
 	switch f.Name {
 	case "outline":
 		return 0, printValue(w, outline.PrintOutline, outline.SubrequestsOutlineDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
@@ -917,27 +908,8 @@ func printResult(w io.Writer, f *controllerapi.CallFunc, res map[string]string,
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Check complete, %s\n", warningCountMsg)
 		}
-		sourceInfoMap := func(sourceInfo *solverpb.SourceInfo) *solverpb.SourceInfo {
-			if sourceInfo == nil || inp == nil {
-				return sourceInfo
-			}
-			if target == "" {
-				target = "default"
-			}

-			if inp.DockerfileMappingSrc != "" {
-				newSourceInfo := proto.Clone(sourceInfo).(*solverpb.SourceInfo)
-				newSourceInfo.Filename = inp.DockerfileMappingSrc
-				return newSourceInfo
-			}
-			return sourceInfo
-		}
-
-		printLintWarnings := func(dt []byte, w io.Writer) error {
-			return lintResults.PrintTo(w, sourceInfoMap)
-		}
-
-		err := printValue(w, printLintWarnings, lint.SubrequestLintDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
+		err := printValue(w, printLintViolationsWrapper, lint.SubrequestLintDefinition.Version, f.Format, res)
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, err
 		}
@@ -952,8 +924,13 @@ func printResult(w io.Writer, f *controllerapi.CallFunc, res map[string]string,
 			if f.Format != "json" && len(lintResults.Warnings) > 0 {
 				fmt.Fprintln(w)
 			}
-			lintBuf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-			lintResults.PrintErrorTo(lintBuf, sourceInfoMap)
+			lintBuf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(lintResults.Error.Message + "\n"))
+			sourceInfo := lintResults.Sources[lintResults.Error.Location.SourceIndex]
+			source := errdefs.Source{
+				Info:   sourceInfo,
+				Ranges: lintResults.Error.Location.Ranges,
+			}
+			source.Print(lintBuf)
 			return 0, errors.New(lintBuf.String())
 		} else if len(lintResults.Warnings) == 0 && f.Format != "json" {
 			fmt.Fprintln(w, "Check complete, no warnings found.")
@@ -991,6 +968,11 @@ func printValue(w io.Writer, printer callFunc, version string, format string, re
 	return printer([]byte(res["result.json"]), w)
 }

+// FIXME: remove once https://github.com/docker/buildx/pull/2672 is sorted
+func printLintViolationsWrapper(dt []byte, w io.Writer) error {
+	return lint.PrintLintViolations(dt, w, nil)
+}
+
 type invokeConfig struct {
 	controllerapi.InvokeConfig
 	onFlag     string
@@ -1018,7 +1000,7 @@ func (cfg *invokeConfig) runDebug(ctx context.Context, ref string, options *cont
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("failed to configure terminal: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer con.Reset()
-	return monitor.RunMonitor(ctx, ref, options, &cfg.InvokeConfig, c, stdin, stdout, stderr, progress)
+	return monitor.RunMonitor(ctx, ref, options, cfg.InvokeConfig, c, stdin, stdout, stderr, progress)
 }

 func (cfg *invokeConfig) parseInvokeConfig(invoke, on string) error {
--- a/commands/debug/root.go
+++ b/commands/debug/root.go
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func RootCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, children ...DebuggableCmd) *cobra.Command {
 				return errors.Errorf("failed to configure terminal: %v", err)
 			}

-			_, err = monitor.RunMonitor(ctx, "", nil, &controllerapi.InvokeConfig{
+			_, err = monitor.RunMonitor(ctx, "", nil, controllerapi.InvokeConfig{
 				Tty: true,
 			}, c, dockerCli.In(), os.Stdout, os.Stderr, printer)
 			con.Reset()
--- a/commands/history/inspect.go
+++ b/commands/history/inspect.go
@@ -1,604 +0,0 @@
-package history
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"cmp"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"text/tabwriter"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content/proxy"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/images"
-	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/localstate"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/debug"
-	slsa "github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang/in_toto/slsa_provenance/common"
-	slsa02 "github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang/in_toto/slsa_provenance/v0.2"
-	controlapi "github.com/moby/buildkit/api/services/control"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
-	provenancetypes "github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/llbsolver/provenance/types"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/grpcerrors"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/stack"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
-	ocispecs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue"
-	spb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc/status"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
-	proto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
-)
-
-type inspectOptions struct {
-	builder string
-	ref     string
-}
-
-func runInspect(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts inspectOptions) error {
-	b, err := builder.New(dockerCli, builder.WithName(opts.builder))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		if node.Err != nil {
-			return node.Err
-		}
-	}
-
-	recs, err := queryRecords(ctx, opts.ref, nodes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if len(recs) == 0 {
-		if opts.ref == "" {
-			return errors.New("no records found")
-		}
-		return errors.Errorf("no record found for ref %q", opts.ref)
-	}
-
-	if opts.ref == "" {
-		slices.SortFunc(recs, func(a, b historyRecord) int {
-			return b.CreatedAt.AsTime().Compare(a.CreatedAt.AsTime())
-		})
-	}
-
-	rec := &recs[0]
-
-	ls, err := localstate.New(confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	st, _ := ls.ReadRef(rec.node.Builder, rec.node.Name, rec.Ref)
-
-	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(dockerCli.Out(), 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
-
-	attrs := rec.FrontendAttrs
-	delete(attrs, "frontend.caps")
-
-	writeAttr := func(k, name string, f func(v string) (string, bool)) {
-		if v, ok := attrs[k]; ok {
-			if f != nil {
-				v, ok = f(v)
-			}
-			if ok {
-				fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s:\t%s\n", name, v)
-			}
-		}
-		delete(attrs, k)
-	}
-
-	var context string
-	var dockerfile string
-	if st != nil {
-		context = st.LocalPath
-		dockerfile = st.DockerfilePath
-		wd, _ := os.Getwd()
-
-		if dockerfile != "" && dockerfile != "-" {
-			if rel, err := filepath.Rel(context, dockerfile); err == nil {
-				if !strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)) {
-					dockerfile = rel
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if context != "" {
-			if rel, err := filepath.Rel(wd, context); err == nil {
-				if !strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)) {
-					context = rel
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if v, ok := attrs["context"]; ok && context == "" {
-		delete(attrs, "context")
-		context = v
-	}
-	if dockerfile == "" {
-		if v, ok := attrs["filename"]; ok {
-			dockerfile = v
-			if dfdir, ok := attrs["vcs:localdir:dockerfile"]; ok {
-				dockerfile = filepath.Join(dfdir, dockerfile)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	delete(attrs, "filename")
-
-	if context != "" {
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Context:\t%s\n", context)
-	}
-	if dockerfile != "" {
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Dockerfile:\t%s\n", dockerfile)
-	}
-	if _, ok := attrs["context"]; !ok {
-		if src, ok := attrs["vcs:source"]; ok {
-			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "VCS Repository:\t%s\n", src)
-		}
-		if rev, ok := attrs["vcs:revision"]; ok {
-			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "VCS Revision:\t%s\n", rev)
-		}
-	}
-
-	writeAttr("target", "Target", nil)
-	writeAttr("platform", "Platform", func(v string) (string, bool) {
-		return tryParseValue(v, func(v string) (string, error) {
-			var pp []string
-			for _, v := range strings.Split(v, ",") {
-				p, err := platforms.Parse(v)
-				if err != nil {
-					return "", err
-				}
-				pp = append(pp, platforms.FormatAll(platforms.Normalize(p)))
-			}
-			return strings.Join(pp, ", "), nil
-		}), true
-	})
-	writeAttr("build-arg:BUILDKIT_CONTEXT_KEEP_GIT_DIR", "Keep Git Dir", func(v string) (string, bool) {
-		return tryParseValue(v, func(v string) (string, error) {
-			b, err := strconv.ParseBool(v)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", err
-			}
-			return strconv.FormatBool(b), nil
-		}), true
-	})
-
-	tw.Flush()
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
-
-	printTable(dockerCli.Out(), attrs, "context:", "Named Context")
-
-	tw = tabwriter.NewWriter(dockerCli.Out(), 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
-
-	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Started:\t%s\n", rec.CreatedAt.AsTime().Local().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"))
-	var duration time.Duration
-	var statusStr string
-	if rec.CompletedAt != nil {
-		duration = rec.CompletedAt.AsTime().Sub(rec.CreatedAt.AsTime())
-	} else {
-		duration = rec.currentTimestamp.Sub(rec.CreatedAt.AsTime())
-		statusStr = " (running)"
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Duration:\t%s%s\n", formatDuration(duration), statusStr)
-	if rec.Error != nil {
-		if codes.Code(rec.Error.Code) == codes.Canceled {
-			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Status:\tCanceled\n")
-		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Error:\t%s %s\n", codes.Code(rec.Error.Code).String(), rec.Error.Message)
-		}
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Build Steps:\t%d/%d (%.0f%% cached)\n", rec.NumCompletedSteps, rec.NumTotalSteps, float64(rec.NumCachedSteps)/float64(rec.NumTotalSteps)*100)
-	tw.Flush()
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
-
-	tw = tabwriter.NewWriter(dockerCli.Out(), 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
-
-	writeAttr("force-network-mode", "Network", nil)
-	writeAttr("hostname", "Hostname", nil)
-	writeAttr("add-hosts", "Extra Hosts", func(v string) (string, bool) {
-		return tryParseValue(v, func(v string) (string, error) {
-			fields, err := csvvalue.Fields(v, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", err
-			}
-			return strings.Join(fields, ", "), nil
-		}), true
-	})
-	writeAttr("cgroup-parent", "Cgroup Parent", nil)
-	writeAttr("image-resolve-mode", "Image Resolve Mode", nil)
-	writeAttr("multi-platform", "Force Multi-Platform", nil)
-	writeAttr("build-arg:BUILDKIT_MULTI_PLATFORM", "Force Multi-Platform", nil)
-	writeAttr("no-cache", "Disable Cache", func(v string) (string, bool) {
-		if v == "" {
-			return "true", true
-		}
-		return v, true
-	})
-	writeAttr("shm-size", "Shm Size", nil)
-	writeAttr("ulimit", "Resource Limits", nil)
-	writeAttr("build-arg:BUILDKIT_CACHE_MOUNT_NS", "Cache Mount Namespace", nil)
-	writeAttr("build-arg:BUILDKIT_DOCKERFILE_CHECK", "Dockerfile Check Config", nil)
-	writeAttr("build-arg:SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH", "Source Date Epoch", nil)
-	writeAttr("build-arg:SANDBOX_HOSTNAME", "Sandbox Hostname", nil)
-
-	var unusedAttrs []string
-	for k := range attrs {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(k, "vcs:") || strings.HasPrefix(k, "build-arg:") || strings.HasPrefix(k, "label:") || strings.HasPrefix(k, "context:") || strings.HasPrefix(k, "attest:") {
-			continue
-		}
-		unusedAttrs = append(unusedAttrs, k)
-	}
-	slices.Sort(unusedAttrs)
-
-	for _, k := range unusedAttrs {
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s:\t%s\n", k, attrs[k])
-	}
-
-	tw.Flush()
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
-
-	printTable(dockerCli.Out(), attrs, "build-arg:", "Build Arg")
-	printTable(dockerCli.Out(), attrs, "label:", "Label")
-
-	c, err := rec.node.Driver.Client(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	store := proxy.NewContentStore(c.ContentClient())
-
-	attachments, err := allAttachments(ctx, store, *rec)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	provIndex := slices.IndexFunc(attachments, func(a attachment) bool {
-		return descrType(a.descr) == slsa02.PredicateSLSAProvenance
-	})
-	if provIndex != -1 {
-		prov := attachments[provIndex]
-
-		dt, err := content.ReadBlob(ctx, store, prov.descr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("failed to read provenance %s: %v", prov.descr.Digest, err)
-		}
-
-		var pred provenancetypes.ProvenancePredicate
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(dt, &pred); err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("failed to unmarshal provenance %s: %v", prov.descr.Digest, err)
-		}
-
-		fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out(), "Materials:")
-		tw = tabwriter.NewWriter(dockerCli.Out(), 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "URI\tDIGEST\n")
-		for _, m := range pred.Materials {
-			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\n", m.URI, strings.Join(digestSetToDigests(m.Digest), ", "))
-		}
-		tw.Flush()
-		fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
-	}
-
-	if len(attachments) > 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Attachments:\n")
-		tw = tabwriter.NewWriter(dockerCli.Out(), 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "DIGEST\tPLATFORM\tTYPE\n")
-		for _, a := range attachments {
-			p := ""
-			if a.platform != nil {
-				p = platforms.FormatAll(*a.platform)
-			}
-			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\n", a.descr.Digest, p, descrType(a.descr))
-		}
-		tw.Flush()
-		fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
-	}
-
-	if rec.ExternalError != nil {
-		dt, err := content.ReadBlob(ctx, store, ociDesc(rec.ExternalError))
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to read external error %s", rec.ExternalError.Digest)
-		}
-		var st spb.Status
-		if err := proto.Unmarshal(dt, &st); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to unmarshal external error %s", rec.ExternalError.Digest)
-		}
-		retErr := grpcerrors.FromGRPC(status.ErrorProto(&st))
-		for _, s := range errdefs.Sources(retErr) {
-			s.Print(dockerCli.Out())
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
-
-		var ve *errdefs.VertexError
-		if errors.As(retErr, &ve) {
-			dgst, err := digest.Parse(ve.Vertex.Digest)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse vertex digest %s", ve.Vertex.Digest)
-			}
-			name, logs, err := loadVertexLogs(ctx, c, rec.Ref, dgst, 16)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to load vertex logs %s", dgst)
-			}
-			if len(logs) > 0 {
-				fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out(), "Logs:")
-				fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "> => %s:\n", name)
-				for _, l := range logs {
-					fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out(), "> "+l)
-				}
-				fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out())
-			}
-		}
-
-		if debug.IsEnabled() {
-			fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "\n%+v\n", stack.Formatter(retErr))
-		} else if len(stack.Traces(retErr)) > 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "Enable --debug to see stack traces for error\n")
-		}
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "Print build logs: docker buildx history logs %s\n", rec.Ref)
-
-	fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Out(), "View build in Docker Desktop: %s\n", desktop.BuildURL(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", rec.node.Builder, rec.node.Name, rec.Ref)))
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func inspectCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
-	var options inspectOptions
-
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "inspect [OPTIONS] [REF]",
-		Short: "Inspect a build",
-		Args:  cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if len(args) > 0 {
-				options.ref = args[0]
-			}
-			options.builder = *rootOpts.Builder
-			return runInspect(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, options)
-		},
-		ValidArgsFunction: completion.Disable,
-	}
-
-	cmd.AddCommand(
-		attachmentCmd(dockerCli, rootOpts),
-	)
-
-	// flags := cmd.Flags()
-
-	return cmd
-}
-
-func loadVertexLogs(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, ref string, dgst digest.Digest, limit int) (string, []string, error) {
-	st, err := c.ControlClient().Status(ctx, &controlapi.StatusRequest{
-		Ref: ref,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", nil, err
-	}
-
-	var name string
-	var logs []string
-	lastState := map[int]int{}
-
-loop0:
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			st.CloseSend()
-			return "", nil, context.Cause(ctx)
-		default:
-			ev, err := st.Recv()
-			if err != nil {
-				if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-					break loop0
-				}
-				return "", nil, err
-			}
-			ss := client.NewSolveStatus(ev)
-			for _, v := range ss.Vertexes {
-				if v.Digest == dgst {
-					name = v.Name
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			for _, l := range ss.Logs {
-				if l.Vertex == dgst {
-					parts := bytes.Split(l.Data, []byte("\n"))
-					for i, p := range parts {
-						var wrote bool
-						if i == 0 {
-							idx, ok := lastState[l.Stream]
-							if ok && idx != -1 {
-								logs[idx] = logs[idx] + string(p)
-								wrote = true
-							}
-						}
-						if !wrote {
-							if len(p) > 0 {
-								logs = append(logs, string(p))
-							}
-							lastState[l.Stream] = len(logs) - 1
-						}
-						if i == len(parts)-1 && len(p) == 0 {
-							lastState[l.Stream] = -1
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if limit > 0 && len(logs) > limit {
-		logs = logs[len(logs)-limit:]
-	}
-
-	return name, logs, nil
-}
-
-type attachment struct {
-	platform *ocispecs.Platform
-	descr    ocispecs.Descriptor
-}
-
-func allAttachments(ctx context.Context, store content.Store, rec historyRecord) ([]attachment, error) {
-	var attachments []attachment
-
-	if rec.Result != nil {
-		for _, a := range rec.Result.Attestations {
-			attachments = append(attachments, attachment{
-				descr: ociDesc(a),
-			})
-		}
-		for _, r := range rec.Result.Results {
-			attachments = append(attachments, walkAttachments(ctx, store, ociDesc(r), nil)...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for key, ri := range rec.Results {
-		p, err := platforms.Parse(key)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		for _, a := range ri.Attestations {
-			attachments = append(attachments, attachment{
-				platform: &p,
-				descr:    ociDesc(a),
-			})
-		}
-		for _, r := range ri.Results {
-			attachments = append(attachments, walkAttachments(ctx, store, ociDesc(r), &p)...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	slices.SortFunc(attachments, func(a, b attachment) int {
-		pCmp := 0
-		if a.platform == nil && b.platform != nil {
-			return -1
-		} else if a.platform != nil && b.platform == nil {
-			return 1
-		} else if a.platform != nil && b.platform != nil {
-			pCmp = cmp.Compare(platforms.FormatAll(*a.platform), platforms.FormatAll(*b.platform))
-		}
-		return cmp.Or(
-			pCmp,
-			cmp.Compare(descrType(a.descr), descrType(b.descr)),
-		)
-	})
-
-	return attachments, nil
-}
-
-func walkAttachments(ctx context.Context, store content.Store, desc ocispecs.Descriptor, platform *ocispecs.Platform) []attachment {
-	_, err := store.Info(ctx, desc.Digest)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var out []attachment
-
-	if desc.Annotations["vnd.docker.reference.type"] != "attestation-manifest" {
-		out = append(out, attachment{platform: platform, descr: desc})
-	}
-
-	if desc.MediaType != ocispecs.MediaTypeImageIndex && desc.MediaType != images.MediaTypeDockerSchema2ManifestList {
-		return out
-	}
-
-	dt, err := content.ReadBlob(ctx, store, desc)
-	if err != nil {
-		return out
-	}
-
-	var idx ocispecs.Index
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(dt, &idx); err != nil {
-		return out
-	}
-
-	for _, d := range idx.Manifests {
-		p := platform
-		if d.Platform != nil {
-			p = d.Platform
-		}
-		out = append(out, walkAttachments(ctx, store, d, p)...)
-	}
-
-	return out
-}
-
-func ociDesc(in *controlapi.Descriptor) ocispecs.Descriptor {
-	return ocispecs.Descriptor{
-		MediaType:   in.MediaType,
-		Digest:      digest.Digest(in.Digest),
-		Size:        in.Size,
-		Annotations: in.Annotations,
-	}
-}
-func descrType(desc ocispecs.Descriptor) string {
-	if typ, ok := desc.Annotations["in-toto.io/predicate-type"]; ok {
-		return typ
-	}
-	return desc.MediaType
-}
-
-func tryParseValue(s string, f func(string) (string, error)) string {
-	v, err := f(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%v)", s, err)
-	}
-	return v
-}
-
-func printTable(w io.Writer, attrs map[string]string, prefix, title string) {
-	var keys []string
-	for k := range attrs {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(k, prefix) {
-			keys = append(keys, strings.TrimPrefix(k, prefix))
-		}
-	}
-	slices.Sort(keys)
-
-	if len(keys) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
-	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\tVALUE\n", strings.ToUpper(title))
-	for _, k := range keys {
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\n", k, attrs[prefix+k])
-	}
-	tw.Flush()
-	fmt.Fprintln(w)
-}
-
-func digestSetToDigests(ds slsa.DigestSet) []string {
-	var out []string
-	for k, v := range ds {
-		out = append(out, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", k, v))
-	}
-	return out
-}
--- a/commands/history/inspect_attachment.go
+++ b/commands/history/inspect_attachment.go
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-package history
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-	"slices"
-
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content/proxy"
-	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	intoto "github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang/in_toto"
-	slsa02 "github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang/in_toto/slsa_provenance/v0.2"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
-	ocispecs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-type attachmentOptions struct {
-	builder  string
-	typ      string
-	platform string
-	ref      string
-	digest   digest.Digest
-}
-
-func runAttachment(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts attachmentOptions) error {
-	b, err := builder.New(dockerCli, builder.WithName(opts.builder))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		if node.Err != nil {
-			return node.Err
-		}
-	}
-
-	recs, err := queryRecords(ctx, opts.ref, nodes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if len(recs) == 0 {
-		if opts.ref == "" {
-			return errors.New("no records found")
-		}
-		return errors.Errorf("no record found for ref %q", opts.ref)
-	}
-
-	if opts.ref == "" {
-		slices.SortFunc(recs, func(a, b historyRecord) int {
-			return b.CreatedAt.AsTime().Compare(a.CreatedAt.AsTime())
-		})
-	}
-
-	rec := &recs[0]
-
-	c, err := rec.node.Driver.Client(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	store := proxy.NewContentStore(c.ContentClient())
-
-	if opts.digest != "" {
-		ra, err := store.ReaderAt(ctx, ocispecs.Descriptor{Digest: opts.digest})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		_, err = io.Copy(dockerCli.Out(), io.NewSectionReader(ra, 0, ra.Size()))
-		return err
-	}
-
-	attachments, err := allAttachments(ctx, store, *rec)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	typ := opts.typ
-	switch typ {
-	case "index":
-		typ = ocispecs.MediaTypeImageIndex
-	case "manifest":
-		typ = ocispecs.MediaTypeImageManifest
-	case "image":
-		typ = ocispecs.MediaTypeImageConfig
-	case "provenance":
-		typ = slsa02.PredicateSLSAProvenance
-	case "sbom":
-		typ = intoto.PredicateSPDX
-	}
-
-	for _, a := range attachments {
-		if opts.platform != "" && (a.platform == nil || platforms.FormatAll(*a.platform) != opts.platform) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if typ != "" && descrType(a.descr) != typ {
-			continue
-		}
-		ra, err := store.ReaderAt(ctx, a.descr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		_, err = io.Copy(dockerCli.Out(), io.NewSectionReader(ra, 0, ra.Size()))
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return errors.Errorf("no matching attachment found for ref %q", opts.ref)
-}
-
-func attachmentCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
-	var options attachmentOptions
-
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "attachment [OPTIONS] REF [DIGEST]",
-		Short: "Inspect a build attachment",
-		Args:  cobra.RangeArgs(1, 2),
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if len(args) > 0 {
-				options.ref = args[0]
-			}
-			if len(args) > 1 {
-				dgst, err := digest.Parse(args[1])
-				if err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid digest %q", args[1])
-				}
-				options.digest = dgst
-			}
-
-			if options.digest == "" && options.platform == "" && options.typ == "" {
-				return errors.New("at least one of --type, --platform or DIGEST must be specified")
-			}
-
-			options.builder = *rootOpts.Builder
-			return runAttachment(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, options)
-		},
-		ValidArgsFunction: completion.Disable,
-	}
-
-	flags := cmd.Flags()
-	flags.StringVar(&options.typ, "type", "", "Type of attachment")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.platform, "platform", "", "Platform of attachment")
-
-	return cmd
-}
--- a/commands/history/logs.go
+++ b/commands/history/logs.go
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-package history
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"slices"
-
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	controlapi "github.com/moby/buildkit/api/services/control"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/progress/progressui"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-type logsOptions struct {
-	builder  string
-	ref      string
-	progress string
-}
-
-func runLogs(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts logsOptions) error {
-	b, err := builder.New(dockerCli, builder.WithName(opts.builder))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		if node.Err != nil {
-			return node.Err
-		}
-	}
-
-	recs, err := queryRecords(ctx, opts.ref, nodes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if len(recs) == 0 {
-		if opts.ref == "" {
-			return errors.New("no records found")
-		}
-		return errors.Errorf("no record found for ref %q", opts.ref)
-	}
-
-	if opts.ref == "" {
-		slices.SortFunc(recs, func(a, b historyRecord) int {
-			return b.CreatedAt.AsTime().Compare(a.CreatedAt.AsTime())
-		})
-	}
-
-	rec := &recs[0]
-	c, err := rec.node.Driver.Client(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	cl, err := c.ControlClient().Status(ctx, &controlapi.StatusRequest{
-		Ref: rec.Ref,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	var mode progressui.DisplayMode = progressui.DisplayMode(opts.progress)
-	if mode == progressui.AutoMode {
-		mode = progressui.PlainMode
-	}
-	printer, err := progress.NewPrinter(context.TODO(), os.Stderr, mode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-loop0:
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			cl.CloseSend()
-			return context.Cause(ctx)
-		default:
-			ev, err := cl.Recv()
-			if err != nil {
-				if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-					break loop0
-				}
-				return err
-			}
-			printer.Write(client.NewSolveStatus(ev))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return printer.Wait()
-}
-
-func logsCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
-	var options logsOptions
-
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "logs [OPTIONS] [REF]",
-		Short: "Print the logs of a build",
-		Args:  cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if len(args) > 0 {
-				options.ref = args[0]
-			}
-			options.builder = *rootOpts.Builder
-			return runLogs(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, options)
-		},
-		ValidArgsFunction: completion.Disable,
-	}
-
-	flags := cmd.Flags()
-	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "plain", "Set type of progress output (plain, rawjson, tty)")
-
-	return cmd
-}
--- a/commands/history/ls.go
+++ b/commands/history/ls.go
@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-package history
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/containerd/console"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/localstate"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/formatter"
-	"github.com/docker/go-units"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
-)
-
-const (
-	lsHeaderBuildID  = "BUILD ID"
-	lsHeaderName     = "NAME"
-	lsHeaderStatus   = "STATUS"
-	lsHeaderCreated  = "CREATED AT"
-	lsHeaderDuration = "DURATION"
-	lsHeaderLink     = ""
-
-	lsDefaultTableFormat = "table {{.Ref}}\t{{.Name}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.CreatedAt}}\t{{.Duration}}\t{{.Link}}"
-
-	headerKeyTimestamp = "buildkit-current-timestamp"
-)
-
-type lsOptions struct {
-	builder string
-	format  string
-	noTrunc bool
-}
-
-func runLs(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts lsOptions) error {
-	b, err := builder.New(dockerCli, builder.WithName(opts.builder))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		if node.Err != nil {
-			return node.Err
-		}
-	}
-
-	out, err := queryRecords(ctx, "", nodes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	ls, err := localstate.New(confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for i, rec := range out {
-		st, _ := ls.ReadRef(rec.node.Builder, rec.node.Name, rec.Ref)
-		rec.name = buildName(rec.FrontendAttrs, st)
-		out[i] = rec
-	}
-
-	return lsPrint(dockerCli, out, opts)
-}
-
-func lsCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
-	var options lsOptions
-
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "ls",
-		Short: "List build records",
-		Args:  cli.NoArgs,
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			options.builder = *rootOpts.Builder
-			return runLs(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, options)
-		},
-		ValidArgsFunction: completion.Disable,
-	}
-
-	flags := cmd.Flags()
-	flags.StringVar(&options.format, "format", formatter.TableFormatKey, "Format the output")
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.noTrunc, "no-trunc", false, "Don't truncate output")
-
-	return cmd
-}
-
-func lsPrint(dockerCli command.Cli, records []historyRecord, in lsOptions) error {
-	if in.format == formatter.TableFormatKey {
-		in.format = lsDefaultTableFormat
-	}
-
-	ctx := formatter.Context{
-		Output: dockerCli.Out(),
-		Format: formatter.Format(in.format),
-		Trunc:  !in.noTrunc,
-	}
-
-	slices.SortFunc(records, func(a, b historyRecord) int {
-		if a.CompletedAt == nil && b.CompletedAt != nil {
-			return -1
-		}
-		if a.CompletedAt != nil && b.CompletedAt == nil {
-			return 1
-		}
-		return b.CreatedAt.AsTime().Compare(a.CreatedAt.AsTime())
-	})
-
-	var term bool
-	if _, err := console.ConsoleFromFile(os.Stdout); err == nil {
-		term = true
-	}
-	render := func(format func(subContext formatter.SubContext) error) error {
-		for _, r := range records {
-			if err := format(&lsContext{
-				format: formatter.Format(in.format),
-				isTerm: term,
-				trunc:  !in.noTrunc,
-				record: &r,
-			}); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	lsCtx := lsContext{
-		isTerm: term,
-		trunc:  !in.noTrunc,
-	}
-	lsCtx.Header = formatter.SubHeaderContext{
-		"Ref":       lsHeaderBuildID,
-		"Name":      lsHeaderName,
-		"Status":    lsHeaderStatus,
-		"CreatedAt": lsHeaderCreated,
-		"Duration":  lsHeaderDuration,
-		"Link":      lsHeaderLink,
-	}
-
-	return ctx.Write(&lsCtx, render)
-}
-
-type lsContext struct {
-	formatter.HeaderContext
-
-	isTerm bool
-	trunc  bool
-	format formatter.Format
-	record *historyRecord
-}
-
-func (c *lsContext) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	m := map[string]interface{}{
-		"ref":             c.FullRef(),
-		"name":            c.Name(),
-		"status":          c.Status(),
-		"created_at":      c.record.CreatedAt.AsTime().Format(time.RFC3339Nano),
-		"total_steps":     c.record.NumTotalSteps,
-		"completed_steps": c.record.NumCompletedSteps,
-		"cached_steps":    c.record.NumCachedSteps,
-	}
-	if c.record.CompletedAt != nil {
-		m["completed_at"] = c.record.CompletedAt.AsTime().Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
-	}
-	return json.Marshal(m)
-}
-
-func (c *lsContext) Ref() string {
-	return c.record.Ref
-}
-
-func (c *lsContext) FullRef() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", c.record.node.Builder, c.record.node.Name, c.record.Ref)
-}
-
-func (c *lsContext) Name() string {
-	name := c.record.name
-	if c.trunc && c.format.IsTable() {
-		return trimBeginning(name, 36)
-	}
-	return name
-}
-
-func (c *lsContext) Status() string {
-	if c.record.CompletedAt != nil {
-		if c.record.Error != nil {
-			return "Error"
-		}
-		return "Completed"
-	}
-	return "Running"
-}
-
-func (c *lsContext) CreatedAt() string {
-	return units.HumanDuration(time.Since(c.record.CreatedAt.AsTime())) + " ago"
-}
-
-func (c *lsContext) Duration() string {
-	lastTime := c.record.currentTimestamp
-	if c.record.CompletedAt != nil {
-		tm := c.record.CompletedAt.AsTime()
-		lastTime = &tm
-	}
-	if lastTime == nil {
-		return ""
-	}
-	v := formatDuration(lastTime.Sub(c.record.CreatedAt.AsTime()))
-	if c.record.CompletedAt == nil {
-		v += "+"
-	}
-	return v
-}
-
-func (c *lsContext) Link() string {
-	url := desktop.BuildURL(c.FullRef())
-	if c.format.IsTable() {
-		if c.isTerm {
-			return desktop.ANSIHyperlink(url, "Open")
-		}
-		return ""
-	}
-	return url
-}
--- a/commands/history/open.go
+++ b/commands/history/open.go
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-package history
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"slices"
-
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	"github.com/pkg/browser"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-type openOptions struct {
-	builder string
-	ref     string
-}
-
-func runOpen(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts openOptions) error {
-	b, err := builder.New(dockerCli, builder.WithName(opts.builder))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		if node.Err != nil {
-			return node.Err
-		}
-	}
-
-	recs, err := queryRecords(ctx, opts.ref, nodes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if len(recs) == 0 {
-		if opts.ref == "" {
-			return errors.New("no records found")
-		}
-		return errors.Errorf("no record found for ref %q", opts.ref)
-	}
-
-	if opts.ref == "" {
-		slices.SortFunc(recs, func(a, b historyRecord) int {
-			return b.CreatedAt.AsTime().Compare(a.CreatedAt.AsTime())
-		})
-	}
-
-	rec := &recs[0]
-
-	url := desktop.BuildURL(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", rec.node.Builder, rec.node.Name, rec.Ref))
-	return browser.OpenURL(url)
-}
-
-func openCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
-	var options openOptions
-
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "open [OPTIONS] [REF]",
-		Short: "Open a build in Docker Desktop",
-		Args:  cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if len(args) > 0 {
-				options.ref = args[0]
-			}
-			options.builder = *rootOpts.Builder
-			return runOpen(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, options)
-		},
-		ValidArgsFunction: completion.Disable,
-	}
-
-	return cmd
-}
--- a/commands/history/rm.go
+++ b/commands/history/rm.go
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-package history
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
-	controlapi "github.com/moby/buildkit/api/services/control"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-)
-
-type rmOptions struct {
-	builder string
-	refs    []string
-	all     bool
-}
-
-func runRm(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts rmOptions) error {
-	b, err := builder.New(dockerCli, builder.WithName(opts.builder))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		if node.Err != nil {
-			return node.Err
-		}
-	}
-
-	errs := make([][]error, len(opts.refs))
-	for i := range errs {
-		errs[i] = make([]error, len(nodes))
-	}
-
-	eg, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-	for i, node := range nodes {
-		node := node
-		eg.Go(func() error {
-			if node.Driver == nil {
-				return nil
-			}
-			c, err := node.Driver.Client(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			refs := opts.refs
-
-			if opts.all {
-				serv, err := c.ControlClient().ListenBuildHistory(ctx, &controlapi.BuildHistoryRequest{
-					EarlyExit: true,
-				})
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				defer serv.CloseSend()
-
-				for {
-					resp, err := serv.Recv()
-					if err != nil {
-						if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-							break
-						}
-						return err
-					}
-					if resp.Type == controlapi.BuildHistoryEventType_COMPLETE {
-						refs = append(refs, resp.Record.Ref)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			for j, ref := range refs {
-				_, err = c.ControlClient().UpdateBuildHistory(ctx, &controlapi.UpdateBuildHistoryRequest{
-					Ref:    ref,
-					Delete: true,
-				})
-				if opts.all {
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				} else {
-					errs[j][i] = err
-				}
-			}
-			return nil
-		})
-	}
-
-	if err := eg.Wait(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	var out []error
-loop0:
-	for _, nodeErrs := range errs {
-		var nodeErr error
-		for _, err1 := range nodeErrs {
-			if err1 == nil {
-				continue loop0
-			}
-			if nodeErr == nil {
-				nodeErr = err1
-			} else {
-				nodeErr = multierror.Append(nodeErr, err1)
-			}
-		}
-		out = append(out, nodeErr)
-	}
-	if len(out) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if len(out) == 1 {
-		return out[0]
-	}
-	return multierror.Append(out[0], out[1:]...)
-}
-
-func rmCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
-	var options rmOptions
-
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "rm [OPTIONS] [REF...]",
-		Short: "Remove build records",
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if len(args) == 0 && !options.all {
-				return errors.New("rm requires at least one argument")
-			}
-			if len(args) > 0 && options.all {
-				return errors.New("rm requires either --all or at least one argument")
-			}
-			options.refs = args
-			options.builder = *rootOpts.Builder
-			return runRm(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, options)
-		},
-		ValidArgsFunction: completion.Disable,
-	}
-
-	flags := cmd.Flags()
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.all, "all", false, "Remove all build records")
-
-	return cmd
-}
--- a/commands/history/root.go
+++ b/commands/history/root.go
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package history
-
-import (
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-type RootOptions struct {
-	Builder *string
-}
-
-func RootCmd(rootcmd *cobra.Command, dockerCli command.Cli, opts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:               "history",
-		Short:             "Commands to work on build records",
-		ValidArgsFunction: completion.Disable,
-		RunE:              rootcmd.RunE,
-	}
-
-	cmd.AddCommand(
-		lsCmd(dockerCli, opts),
-		rmCmd(dockerCli, opts),
-		logsCmd(dockerCli, opts),
-		inspectCmd(dockerCli, opts),
-		openCmd(dockerCli, opts),
-	)
-
-	return cmd
-}
--- a/commands/history/utils.go
+++ b/commands/history/utils.go
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-package history
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/localstate"
-	controlapi "github.com/moby/buildkit/api/services/control"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-)
-
-func buildName(fattrs map[string]string, ls *localstate.State) string {
-	var res string
-
-	var target, contextPath, dockerfilePath, vcsSource string
-	if v, ok := fattrs["target"]; ok {
-		target = v
-	}
-	if v, ok := fattrs["context"]; ok {
-		contextPath = filepath.ToSlash(v)
-	} else if v, ok := fattrs["vcs:localdir:context"]; ok && v != "." {
-		contextPath = filepath.ToSlash(v)
-	}
-	if v, ok := fattrs["vcs:source"]; ok {
-		vcsSource = v
-	}
-	if v, ok := fattrs["filename"]; ok && v != "Dockerfile" {
-		dockerfilePath = filepath.ToSlash(v)
-	}
-	if v, ok := fattrs["vcs:localdir:dockerfile"]; ok && v != "." {
-		dockerfilePath = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(v, dockerfilePath))
-	}
-
-	var localPath string
-	if ls != nil && !build.IsRemoteURL(ls.LocalPath) {
-		if ls.LocalPath != "" && ls.LocalPath != "-" {
-			localPath = filepath.ToSlash(ls.LocalPath)
-		}
-		if ls.DockerfilePath != "" && ls.DockerfilePath != "-" && ls.DockerfilePath != "Dockerfile" {
-			dockerfilePath = filepath.ToSlash(ls.DockerfilePath)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// remove default dockerfile name
-	const defaultFilename = "/Dockerfile"
-	hasDefaultFileName := strings.HasSuffix(dockerfilePath, defaultFilename) || dockerfilePath == ""
-	dockerfilePath = strings.TrimSuffix(dockerfilePath, defaultFilename)
-
-	// dockerfile is a subpath of context
-	if strings.HasPrefix(dockerfilePath, localPath) && len(dockerfilePath) > len(localPath) {
-		res = dockerfilePath[strings.LastIndex(localPath, "/")+1:]
-	} else {
-		// Otherwise, use basename
-		bpath := localPath
-		if len(dockerfilePath) > 0 {
-			bpath = dockerfilePath
-		}
-		if len(bpath) > 0 {
-			lidx := strings.LastIndex(bpath, "/")
-			res = bpath[lidx+1:]
-			if !hasDefaultFileName {
-				if lidx != -1 {
-					res = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(filepath.Base(bpath[:lidx]), res))
-				} else {
-					res = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(filepath.Base(bpath), res))
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(contextPath) > 0 {
-		res = contextPath
-	}
-	if len(target) > 0 {
-		if len(res) > 0 {
-			res = res + " (" + target + ")"
-		} else {
-			res = target
-		}
-	}
-	if res == "" && vcsSource != "" {
-		return vcsSource
-	}
-	return res
-}
-
-func trimBeginning(s string, n int) string {
-	if len(s) <= n {
-		return s
-	}
-	return ".." + s[len(s)-n+2:]
-}
-
-type historyRecord struct {
-	*controlapi.BuildHistoryRecord
-	currentTimestamp *time.Time
-	node             *builder.Node
-	name             string
-}
-
-func queryRecords(ctx context.Context, ref string, nodes []builder.Node) ([]historyRecord, error) {
-	var mu sync.Mutex
-	var out []historyRecord
-
-	eg, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		node := node
-		eg.Go(func() error {
-			if node.Driver == nil {
-				return nil
-			}
-			var records []historyRecord
-			c, err := node.Driver.Client(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			serv, err := c.ControlClient().ListenBuildHistory(ctx, &controlapi.BuildHistoryRequest{
-				EarlyExit: true,
-				Ref:       ref,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			md, err := serv.Header()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			var ts *time.Time
-			if v, ok := md[headerKeyTimestamp]; ok {
-				t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, v[0])
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				ts = &t
-			}
-			defer serv.CloseSend()
-			for {
-				he, err := serv.Recv()
-				if err != nil {
-					if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-						break
-					}
-					return err
-				}
-				if he.Type == controlapi.BuildHistoryEventType_DELETED || he.Record == nil {
-					continue
-				}
-				records = append(records, historyRecord{
-					BuildHistoryRecord: he.Record,
-					currentTimestamp:   ts,
-					node:               &node,
-				})
-			}
-			mu.Lock()
-			out = append(out, records...)
-			mu.Unlock()
-			return nil
-		})
-	}
-
-	if err := eg.Wait(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
-	if d < time.Minute {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1fs", d.Seconds())
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%dm %2ds", int(d.Minutes()), int(d.Seconds())%60)
-}
--- a/commands/imagetools/create.go
+++ b/commands/imagetools/create.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func runCreate(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, arg
 		return errors.Errorf("can't push with no tags specified, please set --tag or --dry-run")
 	}

-	fileArgs := make([]string, len(in.files), len(in.files)+len(args))
+	fileArgs := make([]string, len(in.files))
 	for i, f := range in.files {
 		dt, err := os.ReadFile(f)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ func runCreate(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, arg
 	// new resolver cause need new auth
 	r = imagetools.New(imageopt)

-	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(context.TODO())
-	defer func() { cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled)) }()
+	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
+	defer cancel()
 	printer, err := progress.NewPrinter(ctx2, os.Stderr, progressui.DisplayMode(in.progress))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/commands/imagetools/root.go
+++ b/commands/imagetools/root.go
@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ type RootOptions struct {
 	Builder *string
 }

-func RootCmd(rootcmd *cobra.Command, dockerCli command.Cli, opts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
+func RootCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, opts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:               "imagetools",
 		Short:             "Commands to work on images in registry",
 		ValidArgsFunction: completion.Disable,
-		RunE:              rootcmd.RunE,
 	}

 	cmd.AddCommand(
--- a/commands/inspect.go
+++ b/commands/inspect.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/debug"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -35,9 +34,8 @@ func runInspect(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in inspectOptions) e
 		return err
 	}

-	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-	timeoutCtx, _ = context.WithTimeoutCause(timeoutCtx, 20*time.Second, errors.WithStack(context.DeadlineExceeded)) //nolint:govet,lostcancel // no need to manually cancel this context as we already rely on parent
-	defer func() { cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled)) }()
+	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 20*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()

 	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(timeoutCtx, builder.WithData())
 	if in.bootstrap {
@@ -124,20 +122,8 @@ func runInspect(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in inspectOptions) e
 					if rule.KeepDuration > 0 {
 						fmt.Fprintf(w, "\tKeep Duration:\t%v\n", rule.KeepDuration.String())
 					}
-					if rule.ReservedSpace > 0 {
-						fmt.Fprintf(w, "\tReserved Space:\t%s\n", units.BytesSize(float64(rule.ReservedSpace)))
-					}
-					if rule.MaxUsedSpace > 0 {
-						fmt.Fprintf(w, "\tMax Used Space:\t%s\n", units.BytesSize(float64(rule.MaxUsedSpace)))
-					}
-					if rule.MinFreeSpace > 0 {
-						fmt.Fprintf(w, "\tMin Free Space:\t%s\n", units.BytesSize(float64(rule.MinFreeSpace)))
-					}
-				}
-				for f, dt := range nodes[i].Files {
-					fmt.Fprintf(w, "File#%s:\n", f)
-					for _, line := range strings.Split(string(dt), "\n") {
-						fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t> %s\n", line)
+					if rule.KeepBytes > 0 {
+						fmt.Fprintf(w, "\tKeep Bytes:\t%s\n", units.BytesSize(float64(rule.KeepBytes)))
 					}
 				}
 			}
--- a/commands/ls.go
+++ b/commands/ls.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/builder"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
@@ -18,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/formatter"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
@@ -37,8 +35,7 @@ const (
 )

 type lsOptions struct {
-	format  string
-	noTrunc bool
+	format string
 }

 func runLs(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in lsOptions) error {
@@ -58,9 +55,8 @@ func runLs(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in lsOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-	timeoutCtx, _ = context.WithTimeoutCause(timeoutCtx, 20*time.Second, errors.WithStack(context.DeadlineExceeded)) //nolint:govet,lostcancel // no need to manually cancel this context as we already rely on parent
-	defer func() { cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled)) }()
+	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 20*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()

 	eg, _ := errgroup.WithContext(timeoutCtx)
 	for _, b := range builders {
@@ -76,7 +72,7 @@ func runLs(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in lsOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	if hasErrors, err := lsPrint(dockerCli, current, builders, in); err != nil {
+	if hasErrors, err := lsPrint(dockerCli, current, builders, in.format); err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else if hasErrors {
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Err(), "\n")
@@ -111,7 +107,6 @@ func lsCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {

 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.StringVar(&options.format, "format", formatter.TableFormatKey, "Format the output")
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.noTrunc, "no-trunc", false, "Don't truncate output")

 	// hide builder persistent flag for this command
 	cobrautil.HideInheritedFlags(cmd, "builder")
@@ -119,15 +114,14 @@ func lsCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	return cmd
 }

-func lsPrint(dockerCli command.Cli, current *store.NodeGroup, builders []*builder.Builder, in lsOptions) (hasErrors bool, _ error) {
-	if in.format == formatter.TableFormatKey {
-		in.format = lsDefaultTableFormat
+func lsPrint(dockerCli command.Cli, current *store.NodeGroup, builders []*builder.Builder, format string) (hasErrors bool, _ error) {
+	if format == formatter.TableFormatKey {
+		format = lsDefaultTableFormat
 	}

 	ctx := formatter.Context{
 		Output: dockerCli.Out(),
-		Format: formatter.Format(in.format),
-		Trunc:  !in.noTrunc,
+		Format: formatter.Format(format),
 	}

 	sort.SliceStable(builders, func(i, j int) bool {
@@ -144,12 +138,11 @@ func lsPrint(dockerCli command.Cli, current *store.NodeGroup, builders []*builde
 	render := func(format func(subContext formatter.SubContext) error) error {
 		for _, b := range builders {
 			if err := format(&lsContext{
-				format: ctx.Format,
-				trunc:  ctx.Trunc,
 				Builder: &lsBuilder{
 					Builder: b,
 					Current: b.Name == current.Name,
 				},
+				format: ctx.Format,
 			}); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -167,7 +160,6 @@ func lsPrint(dockerCli command.Cli, current *store.NodeGroup, builders []*builde
 				}
 				if err := format(&lsContext{
 					format: ctx.Format,
-					trunc:  ctx.Trunc,
 					Builder: &lsBuilder{
 						Builder: b,
 						Current: b.Name == current.Name,
@@ -204,7 +196,6 @@ type lsContext struct {
 	Builder *lsBuilder

 	format formatter.Format
-	trunc  bool
 	node   builder.Node
 }

@@ -270,11 +261,7 @@ func (c *lsContext) Platforms() string {
 	if c.node.Name == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
-	pfs := platformutil.FormatInGroups(c.node.Node.Platforms, c.node.Platforms)
-	if c.trunc && c.format.IsTable() {
-		return truncPlatforms(pfs, 4).String()
-	}
-	return strings.Join(pfs, ", ")
+	return strings.Join(platformutil.FormatInGroups(c.node.Node.Platforms, c.node.Platforms), ", ")
 }

 func (c *lsContext) Error() string {
@@ -285,133 +272,3 @@ func (c *lsContext) Error() string {
 	}
 	return ""
 }
-
-var truncMajorPlatforms = []string{
-	"linux/amd64",
-	"linux/arm64",
-	"linux/arm",
-	"linux/ppc64le",
-	"linux/s390x",
-	"linux/riscv64",
-	"linux/mips64",
-}
-
-type truncatedPlatforms struct {
-	res   map[string][]string
-	input []string
-	max   int
-}
-
-func (tp truncatedPlatforms) List() map[string][]string {
-	return tp.res
-}
-
-func (tp truncatedPlatforms) String() string {
-	var out []string
-	var count int
-
-	var keys []string
-	for k := range tp.res {
-		keys = append(keys, k)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(keys)
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, mpf := range truncMajorPlatforms {
-		if tpf, ok := tp.res[mpf]; ok {
-			seen[mpf] = struct{}{}
-			if len(tpf) == 1 {
-				out = append(out, tpf[0])
-				count++
-			} else {
-				hasPreferredPlatform := false
-				for _, pf := range tpf {
-					if strings.HasSuffix(pf, "*") {
-						hasPreferredPlatform = true
-						break
-					}
-				}
-				mainpf := mpf
-				if hasPreferredPlatform {
-					mainpf += "*"
-				}
-				out = append(out, fmt.Sprintf("%s (+%d)", mainpf, len(tpf)))
-				count += len(tpf)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, mpf := range keys {
-		if len(out) >= tp.max {
-			break
-		}
-		if _, ok := seen[mpf]; ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		if len(tp.res[mpf]) == 1 {
-			out = append(out, tp.res[mpf][0])
-			count++
-		} else {
-			hasPreferredPlatform := false
-			for _, pf := range tp.res[mpf] {
-				if strings.HasSuffix(pf, "*") {
-					hasPreferredPlatform = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			mainpf := mpf
-			if hasPreferredPlatform {
-				mainpf += "*"
-			}
-			out = append(out, fmt.Sprintf("%s (+%d)", mainpf, len(tp.res[mpf])))
-			count += len(tp.res[mpf])
-		}
-	}
-
-	left := len(tp.input) - count
-	if left > 0 {
-		out = append(out, fmt.Sprintf("(%d more)", left))
-	}
-
-	return strings.Join(out, ", ")
-}
-
-func truncPlatforms(pfs []string, max int) truncatedPlatforms {
-	res := make(map[string][]string)
-	for _, mpf := range truncMajorPlatforms {
-		for _, pf := range pfs {
-			if len(res) >= max {
-				break
-			}
-			pp, err := platforms.Parse(strings.TrimSuffix(pf, "*"))
-			if err != nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			if pp.OS+"/"+pp.Architecture == mpf {
-				res[mpf] = append(res[mpf], pf)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	left := make(map[string][]string)
-	for _, pf := range pfs {
-		if len(res) >= max {
-			break
-		}
-		pp, err := platforms.Parse(strings.TrimSuffix(pf, "*"))
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		ppf := strings.TrimSuffix(pp.OS+"/"+pp.Architecture, "*")
-		if _, ok := res[ppf]; !ok {
-			left[ppf] = append(left[ppf], pf)
-		}
-	}
-	for k, v := range left {
-		res[k] = v
-	}
-	return truncatedPlatforms{
-		res:   res,
-		input: pfs,
-		max:   max,
-	}
-}
--- a/commands/ls_test.go
+++ b/commands/ls_test.go
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-package commands
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestTruncPlatforms(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		platforms    []string
-		max          int
-		expectedList map[string][]string
-		expectedOut  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:      "arm64 preferred and emulated",
-			platforms: []string{"linux/arm64*", "linux/amd64", "linux/amd64/v2", "linux/riscv64", "linux/ppc64le", "linux/s390x", "linux/386", "linux/mips64le", "linux/mips64", "linux/arm/v7", "linux/arm/v6"},
-			max:       4,
-			expectedList: map[string][]string{
-				"linux/amd64": {
-					"linux/amd64",
-					"linux/amd64/v2",
-				},
-				"linux/arm": {
-					"linux/arm/v7",
-					"linux/arm/v6",
-				},
-				"linux/arm64": {
-					"linux/arm64*",
-				},
-				"linux/ppc64le": {
-					"linux/ppc64le",
-				},
-			},
-			expectedOut: "linux/amd64 (+2), linux/arm64*, linux/arm (+2), linux/ppc64le, (5 more)",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "riscv64 preferred only",
-			platforms: []string{"linux/riscv64*"},
-			max:       4,
-			expectedList: map[string][]string{
-				"linux/riscv64": {
-					"linux/riscv64*",
-				},
-			},
-			expectedOut: "linux/riscv64*",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "amd64 no preferred and emulated",
-			platforms: []string{"linux/amd64", "linux/amd64/v2", "linux/amd64/v3", "linux/386", "linux/arm64", "linux/riscv64", "linux/ppc64le", "linux/s390x", "linux/mips64le", "linux/mips64", "linux/arm/v7", "linux/arm/v6"},
-			max:       4,
-			expectedList: map[string][]string{
-				"linux/amd64": {
-					"linux/amd64",
-					"linux/amd64/v2",
-					"linux/amd64/v3",
-				},
-				"linux/arm": {
-					"linux/arm/v7",
-					"linux/arm/v6",
-				},
-				"linux/arm64": {
-					"linux/arm64",
-				},
-				"linux/ppc64le": {
-					"linux/ppc64le",
-				}},
-			expectedOut: "linux/amd64 (+3), linux/arm64, linux/arm (+2), linux/ppc64le, (5 more)",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "amd64 no preferred",
-			platforms: []string{"linux/amd64", "linux/386"},
-			max:       4,
-			expectedList: map[string][]string{
-				"linux/386": {
-					"linux/386",
-				},
-				"linux/amd64": {
-					"linux/amd64",
-				},
-			},
-			expectedOut: "linux/amd64, linux/386",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "arm64 no preferred",
-			platforms: []string{"linux/arm64", "linux/arm/v7", "linux/arm/v6"},
-			max:       4,
-			expectedList: map[string][]string{
-				"linux/arm": {
-					"linux/arm/v7",
-					"linux/arm/v6",
-				},
-				"linux/arm64": {
-					"linux/arm64",
-				},
-			},
-			expectedOut: "linux/arm64, linux/arm (+2)",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "all preferred",
-			platforms: []string{"darwin/arm64*", "linux/arm64*", "linux/arm/v5*", "linux/arm/v6*", "linux/arm/v7*", "windows/arm64*"},
-			max:       4,
-			expectedList: map[string][]string{
-				"darwin/arm64": {
-					"darwin/arm64*",
-				},
-				"linux/arm": {
-					"linux/arm/v5*",
-					"linux/arm/v6*",
-					"linux/arm/v7*",
-				},
-				"linux/arm64": {
-					"linux/arm64*",
-				},
-				"windows/arm64": {
-					"windows/arm64*",
-				},
-			},
-			expectedOut: "linux/arm64*, linux/arm* (+3), darwin/arm64*, windows/arm64*",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "no major preferred",
-			platforms: []string{"linux/amd64/v2*", "linux/arm/v6*", "linux/mips64le*", "linux/amd64", "linux/amd64/v3", "linux/386", "linux/arm64", "linux/riscv64", "linux/ppc64le", "linux/s390x", "linux/mips64", "linux/arm/v7"},
-			max:       4,
-			expectedList: map[string][]string{
-				"linux/amd64": {
-					"linux/amd64/v2*",
-					"linux/amd64",
-					"linux/amd64/v3",
-				},
-				"linux/arm": {
-					"linux/arm/v6*",
-					"linux/arm/v7",
-				},
-				"linux/arm64": {
-					"linux/arm64",
-				},
-				"linux/ppc64le": {
-					"linux/ppc64le",
-				},
-			},
-			expectedOut: "linux/amd64* (+3), linux/arm64, linux/arm* (+2), linux/ppc64le, (5 more)",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "no major with multiple variants",
-			platforms: []string{"linux/arm64", "linux/arm/v7", "linux/arm/v6", "linux/mips64le/softfloat", "linux/mips64le/hardfloat"},
-			max:       4,
-			expectedList: map[string][]string{
-				"linux/arm": {
-					"linux/arm/v7",
-					"linux/arm/v6",
-				},
-				"linux/arm64": {
-					"linux/arm64",
-				},
-				"linux/mips64le": {
-					"linux/mips64le/softfloat",
-					"linux/mips64le/hardfloat",
-				},
-			},
-			expectedOut: "linux/arm64, linux/arm (+2), linux/mips64le (+2)",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			tpfs := truncPlatforms(tt.platforms, tt.max)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedList, tpfs.List())
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedOut, tpfs.String())
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/commands/prune.go
+++ b/commands/prune.go
@@ -16,23 +16,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
-	gateway "github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/gateway/client"
-	pb "github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/apicaps"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )

 type pruneOptions struct {
-	builder       string
-	all           bool
-	filter        opts.FilterOpt
-	reservedSpace opts.MemBytes
-	maxUsedSpace  opts.MemBytes
-	minFreeSpace  opts.MemBytes
-	force         bool
-	verbose       bool
+	builder     string
+	all         bool
+	filter      opts.FilterOpt
+	keepStorage opts.MemBytes
+	force       bool
+	verbose     bool
 }

 const (
@@ -110,19 +105,8 @@ func runPrune(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts pruneOptions) err
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
-					// check if the client supports newer prune options
-					if opts.maxUsedSpace.Value() != 0 || opts.minFreeSpace.Value() != 0 {
-						caps, err := loadLLBCaps(ctx, c)
-						if err != nil {
-							return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to load buildkit capabilities for prune")
-						}
-						if caps.Supports(pb.CapGCFreeSpaceFilter) != nil {
-							return errors.New("buildkit v0.17.0+ is required for max-used-space and min-free-space filters")
-						}
-					}
-
 					popts := []client.PruneOption{
-						client.WithKeepOpt(pi.KeepDuration, opts.reservedSpace.Value(), opts.maxUsedSpace.Value(), opts.minFreeSpace.Value()),
+						client.WithKeepOpt(pi.KeepDuration, opts.keepStorage.Value()),
 						client.WithFilter(pi.Filter),
 					}
 					if opts.all {
@@ -147,17 +131,6 @@ func runPrune(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts pruneOptions) err
 	return nil
 }

-func loadLLBCaps(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client) (apicaps.CapSet, error) {
-	var caps apicaps.CapSet
-	_, err := c.Build(ctx, client.SolveOpt{
-		Internal: true,
-	}, "buildx", func(ctx context.Context, c gateway.Client) (*gateway.Result, error) {
-		caps = c.BuildOpts().LLBCaps
-		return nil, nil
-	}, nil)
-	return caps, err
-}
-
 func pruneCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	options := pruneOptions{filter: opts.NewFilterOpt()}

@@ -175,15 +148,10 @@ func pruneCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.BoolVarP(&options.all, "all", "a", false, "Include internal/frontend images")
 	flags.Var(&options.filter, "filter", `Provide filter values (e.g., "until=24h")`)
-	flags.Var(&options.reservedSpace, "reserved-space", "Amount of disk space always allowed to keep for cache")
-	flags.Var(&options.minFreeSpace, "min-free-space", "Target amount of free disk space after pruning")
-	flags.Var(&options.maxUsedSpace, "max-used-space", "Maximum amount of disk space allowed to keep for cache")
+	flags.Var(&options.keepStorage, "keep-storage", "Amount of disk space to keep for cache")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.verbose, "verbose", false, "Provide a more verbose output")
 	flags.BoolVarP(&options.force, "force", "f", false, "Do not prompt for confirmation")

-	flags.Var(&options.reservedSpace, "keep-storage", "Amount of disk space to keep for cache")
-	flags.MarkDeprecated("keep-storage", "keep-storage flag has been changed to max-storage")
-
 	return cmd
 }

--- a/commands/rm.go
+++ b/commands/rm.go
@@ -150,9 +150,8 @@ func rmAllInactive(ctx context.Context, txn *store.Txn, dockerCli command.Cli, i
 		return err
 	}

-	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-	timeoutCtx, _ = context.WithTimeoutCause(timeoutCtx, 20*time.Second, errors.WithStack(context.DeadlineExceeded)) //nolint:govet,lostcancel // no need to manually cancel this context as we already rely on parent
-	defer func() { cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled)) }()
+	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 20*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()

 	eg, _ := errgroup.WithContext(timeoutCtx)
 	for _, b := range builders {
--- a/commands/root.go
+++ b/commands/root.go
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 package commands

 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"os"

 	debugcmd "github.com/docker/buildx/commands/debug"
-	historycmd "github.com/docker/buildx/commands/history"
 	imagetoolscmd "github.com/docker/buildx/commands/imagetools"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/remote"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil/completion"
@@ -38,22 +36,13 @@ func NewRootCmd(name string, isPlugin bool, dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Comman
 			if opt.debug {
 				debug.Enable()
 			}
+
 			cmd.SetContext(appcontext.Context())
 			if !isPlugin {
 				return nil
 			}
 			return plugin.PersistentPreRunE(cmd, args)
 		},
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if len(args) == 0 {
-				return cmd.Help()
-			}
-			_ = cmd.Help()
-			return cli.StatusError{
-				StatusCode: 1,
-				Status:     fmt.Sprintf("ERROR: unknown command: %q", args[0]),
-			}
-		},
 	}
 	if !isPlugin {
 		// match plugin behavior for standalone mode
@@ -106,8 +95,7 @@ func addCommands(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *rootOptions, dockerCli command.Cli) {
 		versionCmd(dockerCli),
 		pruneCmd(dockerCli, opts),
 		duCmd(dockerCli, opts),
-		imagetoolscmd.RootCmd(cmd, dockerCli, imagetoolscmd.RootOptions{Builder: &opts.builder}),
-		historycmd.RootCmd(cmd, dockerCli, historycmd.RootOptions{Builder: &opts.builder}),
+		imagetoolscmd.RootCmd(dockerCli, imagetoolscmd.RootOptions{Builder: &opts.builder}),
 	)
 	if confutil.IsExperimental() {
 		cmd.AddCommand(debugcmd.RootCmd(dockerCli,
--- a/commands/use.go
+++ b/commands/use.go
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ func runUse(dockerCli command.Cli, in useOptions) error {
 					return errors.Errorf("run `docker context use %s` to switch to context %s", in.builder, in.builder)
 				}
 			}
+
 		}
 		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to find instance %q", in.builder)
 	}
--- a/controller/build/build.go
+++ b/controller/build/build.go
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ const defaultTargetName = "default"
 // NOTE: When an error happens during the build and this function acquires the debuggable *build.ResultHandle,
 // this function returns it in addition to the error (i.e. it does "return nil, res, err"). The caller can
 // inspect the result and debug the cause of that error.
-func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in *controllerapi.BuildOptions, inStream io.Reader, progress progress.Writer, generateResult bool) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.ResultHandle, *build.Inputs, error) {
+func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in controllerapi.BuildOptions, inStream io.Reader, progress progress.Writer, generateResult bool) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.ResultHandle, error) {
 	if in.NoCache && len(in.NoCacheFilter) > 0 {
-		return nil, nil, nil, errors.Errorf("--no-cache and --no-cache-filter cannot currently be used together")
+		return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("--no-cache and --no-cache-filter cannot currently be used together")
 	}

 	contexts := map[string]build.NamedContext{}
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in *controllerapi.Buil

 	platforms, err := platformutil.Parse(in.Platforms)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	opts.Platforms = platforms

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in *controllerapi.Buil

 	secrets, err := controllerapi.CreateSecrets(in.Secrets)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	opts.Session = append(opts.Session, secrets)

@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in *controllerapi.Buil
 	}
 	ssh, err := controllerapi.CreateSSH(sshSpecs)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	opts.Session = append(opts.Session, ssh)

-	outputs, _, err := controllerapi.CreateExports(in.Exports)
+	outputs, err := controllerapi.CreateExports(in.Exports)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	if in.ExportPush {
 		var pushUsed bool
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in *controllerapi.Buil

 	annotations, err := buildflags.ParseAnnotations(in.Annotations)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "parse annotations")
+		return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "parse annotations")
 	}

 	for _, o := range outputs {
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in *controllerapi.Buil

 	allow, err := buildflags.ParseEntitlements(in.Allow)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	opts.Allow = allow

@@ -178,28 +178,23 @@ func RunBuild(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in *controllerapi.Buil
 		builder.WithContextPathHash(contextPathHash),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	if err = updateLastActivity(dockerCli, b.NodeGroup); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to update builder last activity time")
+		return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to update builder last activity time")
 	}
 	nodes, err := b.LoadNodes(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}

-	var inputs *build.Inputs
-	buildOptions := map[string]build.Options{defaultTargetName: opts}
-	resp, res, err := buildTargets(ctx, dockerCli, nodes, buildOptions, progress, generateResult)
+	resp, res, err := buildTargets(ctx, dockerCli, nodes, map[string]build.Options{defaultTargetName: opts}, progress, generateResult)
 	err = wrapBuildError(err, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		// NOTE: buildTargets can return *build.ResultHandle even on error.
-		return nil, res, nil, err
+		return nil, res, err
 	}
-	if i, ok := buildOptions[defaultTargetName]; ok {
-		inputs = &i.Inputs
-	}
-	return resp, res, inputs, nil
+	return resp, res, nil
 }

 // buildTargets runs the specified build and returns the result.
@@ -214,7 +209,7 @@ func buildTargets(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, nodes []builder.No
 	if generateResult {
 		var mu sync.Mutex
 		var idx int
-		resp, err = build.BuildWithResultHandler(ctx, nodes, opts, dockerutil.NewClient(dockerCli), confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli), progress, func(driverIndex int, gotRes *build.ResultHandle) {
+		resp, err = build.BuildWithResultHandler(ctx, nodes, opts, dockerutil.NewClient(dockerCli), confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli), progress, func(driverIndex int, gotRes *build.ResultHandle) {
 			mu.Lock()
 			defer mu.Unlock()
 			if res == nil || driverIndex < idx {
@@ -222,7 +217,7 @@ func buildTargets(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, nodes []builder.No
 			}
 		})
 	} else {
-		resp, err = build.Build(ctx, nodes, opts, dockerutil.NewClient(dockerCli), confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli), progress)
+		resp, err = build.Build(ctx, nodes, opts, dockerutil.NewClient(dockerCli), confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli), progress)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, res, err
--- a/controller/control/controller.go
+++ b/controller/control/controller.go
@@ -4,19 +4,18 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"

-	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
 	controllerapi "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 )

 type BuildxController interface {
-	Build(ctx context.Context, options *controllerapi.BuildOptions, in io.ReadCloser, progress progress.Writer) (ref string, resp *client.SolveResponse, inputs *build.Inputs, err error)
+	Build(ctx context.Context, options controllerapi.BuildOptions, in io.ReadCloser, progress progress.Writer) (ref string, resp *client.SolveResponse, err error)
 	// Invoke starts an IO session into the specified process.
 	// If pid doesn't matche to any running processes, it starts a new process with the specified config.
 	// If there is no container running or InvokeConfig.Rollback is speicfied, the process will start in a newly created container.
 	// NOTE: If needed, in the future, we can split this API into three APIs (NewContainer, NewProcess and Attach).
-	Invoke(ctx context.Context, ref, pid string, options *controllerapi.InvokeConfig, ioIn io.ReadCloser, ioOut io.WriteCloser, ioErr io.WriteCloser) error
+	Invoke(ctx context.Context, ref, pid string, options controllerapi.InvokeConfig, ioIn io.ReadCloser, ioOut io.WriteCloser, ioErr io.WriteCloser) error
 	Kill(ctx context.Context) error
 	Close() error
 	List(ctx context.Context) (refs []string, _ error)
--- a/controller/errdefs/build.go
+++ b/controller/errdefs/build.go
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 package errdefs

 import (
-	"io"
-
 	"github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/grpcerrors"
 )

@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ func init() {
 }

 type BuildError struct {
-	*Build
+	Build
 	error
 }

@@ -22,27 +19,16 @@ func (e *BuildError) Unwrap() error {
 }

 func (e *BuildError) ToProto() grpcerrors.TypedErrorProto {
-	return e.Build
+	return &e.Build
 }

-func (e *BuildError) PrintBuildDetails(w io.Writer) error {
-	if e.Ref == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-	ebr := &desktop.ErrorWithBuildRef{
-		Ref: e.Ref,
-		Err: e.error,
-	}
-	return ebr.Print(w)
-}
-
-func WrapBuild(err error, sessionID string, ref string) error {
+func WrapBuild(err error, ref string) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return &BuildError{Build: &Build{SessionID: sessionID, Ref: ref}, error: err}
+	return &BuildError{Build: Build{Ref: ref}, error: err}
 }

 func (b *Build) WrapError(err error) error {
-	return &BuildError{error: err, Build: b}
+	return &BuildError{error: err, Build: *b}
 }
--- a/controller/errdefs/errdefs.pb.go
+++ b/controller/errdefs/errdefs.pb.go
@@ -1,157 +1,77 @@
-// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
-// versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.34.1
-// 	protoc        v3.11.4
-// source: github.com/docker/buildx/controller/errdefs/errdefs.proto
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-gogo. DO NOT EDIT.
+// source: errdefs.proto

 package errdefs

 import (
-	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
-	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
-	reflect "reflect"
-	sync "sync"
+	fmt "fmt"
+	proto "github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
+	_ "github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb"
+	math "math"
 )

-const (
-	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
-	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
-	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
-	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
-)
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var _ = proto.Marshal
+var _ = fmt.Errorf
+var _ = math.Inf
+
+// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
+// is compatible with the proto package it is being compiled against.
+// A compilation error at this line likely means your copy of the
+// proto package needs to be updated.
+const _ = proto.GoGoProtoPackageIsVersion3 // please upgrade the proto package

 type Build struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-
-	SessionID string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=SessionID,proto3" json:"SessionID,omitempty"`
-	Ref       string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=Ref,proto3" json:"Ref,omitempty"`
+	Ref                  string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=Ref,proto3" json:"Ref,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
 }

-func (x *Build) Reset() {
-	*x = Build{}
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_msgTypes[0]
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-	}
-}
-
-func (x *Build) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*Build) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *Build) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_msgTypes[0]
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use Build.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (m *Build) Reset()         { *m = Build{} }
+func (m *Build) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*Build) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Build) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+	return fileDescriptor_689dc58a5060aff5, []int{0}
+}
+func (m *Build) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_Build.Unmarshal(m, b)
+}
+func (m *Build) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_Build.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+}
+func (m *Build) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_Build.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *Build) XXX_Size() int {
+	return xxx_messageInfo_Build.Size(m)
+}
+func (m *Build) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_Build.DiscardUnknown(m)
 }

-func (x *Build) GetSessionID() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.SessionID
+var xxx_messageInfo_Build proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *Build) GetRef() string {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Ref
 	}
 	return ""
 }

-func (x *Build) GetRef() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Ref
-	}
-	return ""
+func init() {
+	proto.RegisterType((*Build)(nil), "errdefs.Build")
 }

-var File_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+func init() { proto.RegisterFile("errdefs.proto", fileDescriptor_689dc58a5060aff5) }

-var file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
-	0x0a, 0x39, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x63,
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-	0x53, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x49, 0x44, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x52, 0x65, 0x66,
-	0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x03, 0x52, 0x65, 0x66, 0x42, 0x2d, 0x5a, 0x2b, 0x67,
-	0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x72,
-	0x2f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x78, 0x2f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x6c,
-	0x65, 0x72, 0x2f, 0x65, 0x72, 0x72, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x73, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
-	0x6f, 0x33,
-}
-
-var (
-	file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
-	file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDescData = file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDesc
-)
-
-func file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
-	file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
-		file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDescData)
-	})
-	return file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDescData
-}
-
-var file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 1)
-var file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
-	(*Build)(nil), // 0: docker.buildx.errdefs.Build
-}
-var file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
-}
-
-func init() { file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_init() }
-func file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_init() {
-	if File_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Build); i {
-			case 0:
-				return &v.state
-			case 1:
-				return &v.sizeCache
-			case 2:
-				return &v.unknownFields
-			default:
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	type x struct{}
-	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
-		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
-			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
-			RawDescriptor: file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDesc,
-			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   1,
-			NumExtensions: 0,
-			NumServices:   0,
-		},
-		GoTypes:           file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_goTypes,
-		DependencyIndexes: file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_depIdxs,
-		MessageInfos:      file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_msgTypes,
-	}.Build()
-	File_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto = out.File
-	file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_rawDesc = nil
-	file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_goTypes = nil
-	file_github_com_docker_buildx_controller_errdefs_errdefs_proto_depIdxs = nil
+var fileDescriptor_689dc58a5060aff5 = []byte{
+	// 111 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
+	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xe2, 0xe2, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x2a, 0x4a,
+	0x49, 0x4d, 0x2b, 0xd6, 0x2b, 0x28, 0xca, 0x2f, 0xc9, 0x17, 0x62, 0x87, 0x72, 0xa5, 0x74, 0xd2,
+	0x33, 0x4b, 0x32, 0x4a, 0x93, 0xf4, 0x92, 0xf3, 0x73, 0xf5, 0x73, 0xf3, 0x93, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0x93,
+	0x4a, 0x33, 0x73, 0x52, 0xb2, 0x33, 0x4b, 0xf4, 0x8b, 0xf3, 0x73, 0xca, 0x52, 0x8b, 0xf4, 0x0b,
+	0x92, 0xf4, 0xf3, 0x0b, 0xa0, 0xda, 0x94, 0x24, 0xb9, 0x58, 0x9d, 0x40, 0xf2, 0x42, 0x02, 0x5c,
+	0xcc, 0x41, 0xa9, 0x69, 0x12, 0x8c, 0x0a, 0x8c, 0x1a, 0x9c, 0x41, 0x20, 0x66, 0x12, 0x1b, 0x58,
+	0x85, 0x31, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x56, 0x52, 0x41, 0x91, 0x69, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
--- a/controller/errdefs/errdefs.proto
+++ b/controller/errdefs/errdefs.proto
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 syntax = "proto3";

-package docker.buildx.errdefs;
+package errdefs;

-option go_package = "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/errdefs";
+import "github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb/ops.proto";

 message Build {
-  string SessionID = 1;
-  string Ref = 2;
-}
+  string Ref = 1;
+}
--- a/controller/errdefs/errdefs_vtproto.pb.go
+++ b/controller/errdefs/errdefs_vtproto.pb.go
@@ -1,241 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by protoc-gen-go-vtproto. DO NOT EDIT.
-// protoc-gen-go-vtproto version: v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10
-// source: github.com/docker/buildx/controller/errdefs/errdefs.proto
-
-package errdefs
-
-import (
-	fmt "fmt"
-	protohelpers "github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf/protohelpers"
-	proto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
-	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
-	io "io"
-)
-
-const (
-	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
-	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
-	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
-	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
-)
-
-func (m *Build) CloneVT() *Build {
-	if m == nil {
-		return (*Build)(nil)
-	}
-	r := new(Build)
-	r.SessionID = m.SessionID
-	r.Ref = m.Ref
-	if len(m.unknownFields) > 0 {
-		r.unknownFields = make([]byte, len(m.unknownFields))
-		copy(r.unknownFields, m.unknownFields)
-	}
-	return r
-}
-
-func (m *Build) CloneMessageVT() proto.Message {
-	return m.CloneVT()
-}
-
-func (this *Build) EqualVT(that *Build) bool {
-	if this == that {
-		return true
-	} else if this == nil || that == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	if this.SessionID != that.SessionID {
-		return false
-	}
-	if this.Ref != that.Ref {
-		return false
-	}
-	return string(this.unknownFields) == string(that.unknownFields)
-}
-
-func (this *Build) EqualMessageVT(thatMsg proto.Message) bool {
-	that, ok := thatMsg.(*Build)
-	if !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	return this.EqualVT(that)
-}
-func (m *Build) MarshalVT() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	size := m.SizeVT()
-	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
-	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBufferVT(dAtA[:size])
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return dAtA[:n], nil
-}
-
-func (m *Build) MarshalToVT(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
-	size := m.SizeVT()
-	return m.MarshalToSizedBufferVT(dAtA[:size])
-}
-
-func (m *Build) MarshalToSizedBufferVT(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	i := len(dAtA)
-	_ = i
-	var l int
-	_ = l
-	if m.unknownFields != nil {
-		i -= len(m.unknownFields)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.unknownFields)
-	}
-	if len(m.Ref) > 0 {
-		i -= len(m.Ref)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.Ref)
-		i = protohelpers.EncodeVarint(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.Ref)))
-		i--
-		dAtA[i] = 0x12
-	}
-	if len(m.SessionID) > 0 {
-		i -= len(m.SessionID)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.SessionID)
-		i = protohelpers.EncodeVarint(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.SessionID)))
-		i--
-		dAtA[i] = 0xa
-	}
-	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
-}
-
-func (m *Build) SizeVT() (n int) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	var l int
-	_ = l
-	l = len(m.SessionID)
-	if l > 0 {
-		n += 1 + l + protohelpers.SizeOfVarint(uint64(l))
-	}
-	l = len(m.Ref)
-	if l > 0 {
-		n += 1 + l + protohelpers.SizeOfVarint(uint64(l))
-	}
-	n += len(m.unknownFields)
-	return n
-}
-
-func (m *Build) UnmarshalVT(dAtA []byte) error {
-	l := len(dAtA)
-	iNdEx := 0
-	for iNdEx < l {
-		preIndex := iNdEx
-		var wire uint64
-		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-			if shift >= 64 {
-				return protohelpers.ErrIntOverflow
-			}
-			if iNdEx >= l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-			iNdEx++
-			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
-			if b < 0x80 {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
-		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
-		if wireType == 4 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Build: wiretype end group for non-group")
-		}
-		if fieldNum <= 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Build: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
-		}
-		switch fieldNum {
-		case 1:
-			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field SessionID", wireType)
-			}
-			var stringLen uint64
-			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-				if shift >= 64 {
-					return protohelpers.ErrIntOverflow
-				}
-				if iNdEx >= l {
-					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-				}
-				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-				iNdEx++
-				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
-				if b < 0x80 {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-			if intStringLen < 0 {
-				return protohelpers.ErrInvalidLength
-			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
-			if postIndex < 0 {
-				return protohelpers.ErrInvalidLength
-			}
-			if postIndex > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			m.SessionID = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
-			iNdEx = postIndex
-		case 2:
-			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Ref", wireType)
-			}
-			var stringLen uint64
-			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-				if shift >= 64 {
-					return protohelpers.ErrIntOverflow
-				}
-				if iNdEx >= l {
-					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-				}
-				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-				iNdEx++
-				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
-				if b < 0x80 {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-			if intStringLen < 0 {
-				return protohelpers.ErrInvalidLength
-			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
-			if postIndex < 0 {
-				return protohelpers.ErrInvalidLength
-			}
-			if postIndex > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			m.Ref = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
-			iNdEx = postIndex
-		default:
-			iNdEx = preIndex
-			skippy, err := protohelpers.Skip(dAtA[iNdEx:])
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
-				return protohelpers.ErrInvalidLength
-			}
-			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			m.unknownFields = append(m.unknownFields, dAtA[iNdEx:iNdEx+skippy]...)
-			iNdEx += skippy
-		}
-	}
-
-	if iNdEx > l {
-		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/controller/errdefs/generate.go
+++ b/controller/errdefs/generate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package errdefs
+
+//go:generate protoc -I=. -I=../../vendor/ --gogo_out=plugins=grpc:. errdefs.proto
--- a/controller/local/controller.go
+++ b/controller/local/controller.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	controllererrors "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/errdefs"
 	controllerapi "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/processes"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/ioset"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 func NewLocalBuildxController(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, logger progress.SubLogger) control.BuildxController {
 	return &localController{
 		dockerCli: dockerCli,
-		sessionID: "local",
+		ref:       "local",
 		processes: processes.NewManager(),
 	}
 }
@@ -36,51 +35,46 @@ type buildConfig struct {

 type localController struct {
 	dockerCli   command.Cli
-	sessionID   string
+	ref         string
 	buildConfig buildConfig
 	processes   *processes.Manager

 	buildOnGoing atomic.Bool
 }

-func (b *localController) Build(ctx context.Context, options *controllerapi.BuildOptions, in io.ReadCloser, progress progress.Writer) (string, *client.SolveResponse, *build.Inputs, error) {
+func (b *localController) Build(ctx context.Context, options controllerapi.BuildOptions, in io.ReadCloser, progress progress.Writer) (string, *client.SolveResponse, error) {
 	if !b.buildOnGoing.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
-		return "", nil, nil, errors.New("build ongoing")
+		return "", nil, errors.New("build ongoing")
 	}
 	defer b.buildOnGoing.Store(false)

-	resp, res, dockerfileMappings, buildErr := cbuild.RunBuild(ctx, b.dockerCli, options, in, progress, true)
+	resp, res, buildErr := cbuild.RunBuild(ctx, b.dockerCli, options, in, progress, true)
 	// NOTE: RunBuild can return *build.ResultHandle even on error.
 	if res != nil {
 		b.buildConfig = buildConfig{
 			resultCtx:    res,
-			buildOptions: options,
+			buildOptions: &options,
 		}
 		if buildErr != nil {
-			var ref string
-			var ebr *desktop.ErrorWithBuildRef
-			if errors.As(buildErr, &ebr) {
-				ref = ebr.Ref
-			}
-			buildErr = controllererrors.WrapBuild(buildErr, b.sessionID, ref)
+			buildErr = controllererrors.WrapBuild(buildErr, b.ref)
 		}
 	}
 	if buildErr != nil {
-		return "", nil, nil, buildErr
+		return "", nil, buildErr
 	}
-	return b.sessionID, resp, dockerfileMappings, nil
+	return b.ref, resp, nil
 }

-func (b *localController) ListProcesses(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) (infos []*controllerapi.ProcessInfo, retErr error) {
-	if sessionID != b.sessionID {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown session ID %q", sessionID)
+func (b *localController) ListProcesses(ctx context.Context, ref string) (infos []*controllerapi.ProcessInfo, retErr error) {
+	if ref != b.ref {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown ref %q", ref)
 	}
 	return b.processes.ListProcesses(), nil
 }

-func (b *localController) DisconnectProcess(ctx context.Context, sessionID, pid string) error {
-	if sessionID != b.sessionID {
-		return errors.Errorf("unknown session ID %q", sessionID)
+func (b *localController) DisconnectProcess(ctx context.Context, ref, pid string) error {
+	if ref != b.ref {
+		return errors.Errorf("unknown ref %q", ref)
 	}
 	return b.processes.DeleteProcess(pid)
 }
@@ -89,9 +83,9 @@ func (b *localController) cancelRunningProcesses() {
 	b.processes.CancelRunningProcesses()
 }

-func (b *localController) Invoke(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, pid string, cfg *controllerapi.InvokeConfig, ioIn io.ReadCloser, ioOut io.WriteCloser, ioErr io.WriteCloser) error {
-	if sessionID != b.sessionID {
-		return errors.Errorf("unknown session ID %q", sessionID)
+func (b *localController) Invoke(ctx context.Context, ref string, pid string, cfg controllerapi.InvokeConfig, ioIn io.ReadCloser, ioOut io.WriteCloser, ioErr io.WriteCloser) error {
+	if ref != b.ref {
+		return errors.Errorf("unknown ref %q", ref)
 	}

 	proc, ok := b.processes.Get(pid)
@@ -101,7 +95,7 @@ func (b *localController) Invoke(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, pid stri
 			return errors.New("no build result is registered")
 		}
 		var err error
-		proc, err = b.processes.StartProcess(pid, b.buildConfig.resultCtx, cfg)
+		proc, err = b.processes.StartProcess(pid, b.buildConfig.resultCtx, &cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -109,7 +103,7 @@ func (b *localController) Invoke(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, pid stri

 	// Attach containerIn to this process
 	ioCancelledCh := make(chan struct{})
-	proc.ForwardIO(&ioset.In{Stdin: ioIn, Stdout: ioOut, Stderr: ioErr}, func(error) { close(ioCancelledCh) })
+	proc.ForwardIO(&ioset.In{Stdin: ioIn, Stdout: ioOut, Stderr: ioErr}, func() { close(ioCancelledCh) })

 	select {
 	case <-ioCancelledCh:
@@ -117,7 +111,7 @@ func (b *localController) Invoke(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, pid stri
 	case err := <-proc.Done():
 		return err
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return context.Cause(ctx)
+		return ctx.Err()
 	}
 }

@@ -136,7 +130,7 @@ func (b *localController) Close() error {
 }

 func (b *localController) List(ctx context.Context) (res []string, _ error) {
-	return []string{b.sessionID}, nil
+	return []string{b.ref}, nil
 }

 func (b *localController) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
@@ -144,9 +138,9 @@ func (b *localController) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func (b *localController) Inspect(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) (*controllerapi.InspectResponse, error) {
-	if sessionID != b.sessionID {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown session ID %q", sessionID)
+func (b *localController) Inspect(ctx context.Context, ref string) (*controllerapi.InspectResponse, error) {
+	if ref != b.ref {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown ref %q", ref)
 	}
 	return &controllerapi.InspectResponse{Options: b.buildConfig.buildOptions}, nil
 }
--- a/controller/pb/controller.pb.go
+++ b/controller/pb/controller.pb.go
--- a/controller/pb/controller.proto
+++ b/controller/pb/controller.proto
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ package buildx.controller.v1;
 import "github.com/moby/buildkit/api/services/control/control.proto";
 import "github.com/moby/buildkit/sourcepolicy/pb/policy.proto";

-option go_package = "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb";
+option go_package = "pb";

 service Controller {
  rpc Build(BuildRequest) returns (BuildResponse);
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ service Controller {
 }

 message ListProcessesRequest {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;
 }

 message ListProcessesResponse {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ message ProcessInfo {
 }

 message DisconnectProcessRequest {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;
  string ProcessID = 2;
 }

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ message DisconnectProcessResponse {
 }

 message BuildRequest {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;
  BuildOptions Options = 2;
 }

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ message CallFunc {
 }

 message InspectRequest {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;
 }

 message InspectResponse {
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ message BuildResponse {
 }

 message DisconnectRequest {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;
 }

 message DisconnectResponse {}

 message ListRequest {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;
 }

 message ListResponse {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ message InputMessage {
 }

 message InputInitMessage {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;
 }

 message DataMessage {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ message Message {
 }

 message InitMessage {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;

  // If ProcessID already exists in the server, it tries to connect to it
  // instead of invoking the new one. In this case, InvokeConfig will be ignored.
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ message SignalMessage {
 }

 message StatusRequest {
-  string SessionID = 1;
+  string Ref = 1;
 }

 message StatusResponse {
--- a/controller/pb/controller_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/controller/pb/controller_grpc.pb.go
@@ -1,452 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
-// versions:
-// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1
-// - protoc             v3.11.4
-// source: github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb/controller.proto
-
-package pb
-
-import (
-	context "context"
-	grpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
-	codes "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
-	status "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
-)
-
-// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
-// is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
-// Requires gRPC-Go v1.64.0 or later.
-const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion9
-
-const (
-	Controller_Build_FullMethodName             = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/Build"
-	Controller_Inspect_FullMethodName           = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/Inspect"
-	Controller_Status_FullMethodName            = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/Status"
-	Controller_Input_FullMethodName             = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/Input"
-	Controller_Invoke_FullMethodName            = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/Invoke"
-	Controller_List_FullMethodName              = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/List"
-	Controller_Disconnect_FullMethodName        = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/Disconnect"
-	Controller_Info_FullMethodName              = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/Info"
-	Controller_ListProcesses_FullMethodName     = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/ListProcesses"
-	Controller_DisconnectProcess_FullMethodName = "/buildx.controller.v1.Controller/DisconnectProcess"
-)
-
-// ControllerClient is the client API for Controller service.
-//
-// For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
-type ControllerClient interface {
-	Build(ctx context.Context, in *BuildRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*BuildResponse, error)
-	Inspect(ctx context.Context, in *InspectRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectResponse, error)
-	Status(ctx context.Context, in *StatusRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[StatusResponse], error)
-	Input(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ClientStreamingClient[InputMessage, InputResponse], error)
-	Invoke(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.BidiStreamingClient[Message, Message], error)
-	List(ctx context.Context, in *ListRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListResponse, error)
-	Disconnect(ctx context.Context, in *DisconnectRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DisconnectResponse, error)
-	Info(ctx context.Context, in *InfoRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InfoResponse, error)
-	ListProcesses(ctx context.Context, in *ListProcessesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListProcessesResponse, error)
-	DisconnectProcess(ctx context.Context, in *DisconnectProcessRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DisconnectProcessResponse, error)
-}
-
-type controllerClient struct {
-	cc grpc.ClientConnInterface
-}
-
-func NewControllerClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) ControllerClient {
-	return &controllerClient{cc}
-}
-
-func (c *controllerClient) Build(ctx context.Context, in *BuildRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*BuildResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(BuildResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Controller_Build_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *controllerClient) Inspect(ctx context.Context, in *InspectRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(InspectResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Controller_Inspect_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *controllerClient) Status(ctx context.Context, in *StatusRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[StatusResponse], error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &Controller_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], Controller_Status_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[StatusRequest, StatusResponse]{ClientStream: stream}
-	if err := x.ClientStream.SendMsg(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if err := x.ClientStream.CloseSend(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return x, nil
-}
-
-// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
-type Controller_StatusClient = grpc.ServerStreamingClient[StatusResponse]
-
-func (c *controllerClient) Input(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ClientStreamingClient[InputMessage, InputResponse], error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &Controller_ServiceDesc.Streams[1], Controller_Input_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[InputMessage, InputResponse]{ClientStream: stream}
-	return x, nil
-}
-
-// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
-type Controller_InputClient = grpc.ClientStreamingClient[InputMessage, InputResponse]
-
-func (c *controllerClient) Invoke(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.BidiStreamingClient[Message, Message], error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &Controller_ServiceDesc.Streams[2], Controller_Invoke_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[Message, Message]{ClientStream: stream}
-	return x, nil
-}
-
-// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
-type Controller_InvokeClient = grpc.BidiStreamingClient[Message, Message]
-
-func (c *controllerClient) List(ctx context.Context, in *ListRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(ListResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Controller_List_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *controllerClient) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, in *DisconnectRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DisconnectResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(DisconnectResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Controller_Disconnect_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *controllerClient) Info(ctx context.Context, in *InfoRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InfoResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(InfoResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Controller_Info_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *controllerClient) ListProcesses(ctx context.Context, in *ListProcessesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListProcessesResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(ListProcessesResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Controller_ListProcesses_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *controllerClient) DisconnectProcess(ctx context.Context, in *DisconnectProcessRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DisconnectProcessResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(DisconnectProcessResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Controller_DisconnectProcess_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-// ControllerServer is the server API for Controller service.
-// All implementations should embed UnimplementedControllerServer
-// for forward compatibility.
-type ControllerServer interface {
-	Build(context.Context, *BuildRequest) (*BuildResponse, error)
-	Inspect(context.Context, *InspectRequest) (*InspectResponse, error)
-	Status(*StatusRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[StatusResponse]) error
-	Input(grpc.ClientStreamingServer[InputMessage, InputResponse]) error
-	Invoke(grpc.BidiStreamingServer[Message, Message]) error
-	List(context.Context, *ListRequest) (*ListResponse, error)
-	Disconnect(context.Context, *DisconnectRequest) (*DisconnectResponse, error)
-	Info(context.Context, *InfoRequest) (*InfoResponse, error)
-	ListProcesses(context.Context, *ListProcessesRequest) (*ListProcessesResponse, error)
-	DisconnectProcess(context.Context, *DisconnectProcessRequest) (*DisconnectProcessResponse, error)
-}
-
-// UnimplementedControllerServer should be embedded to have
-// forward compatible implementations.
-//
-// NOTE: this should be embedded by value instead of pointer to avoid a nil
-// pointer dereference when methods are called.
-type UnimplementedControllerServer struct{}
-
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) Build(context.Context, *BuildRequest) (*BuildResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Build not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) Inspect(context.Context, *InspectRequest) (*InspectResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Inspect not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) Status(*StatusRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[StatusResponse]) error {
-	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Status not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) Input(grpc.ClientStreamingServer[InputMessage, InputResponse]) error {
-	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Input not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) Invoke(grpc.BidiStreamingServer[Message, Message]) error {
-	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Invoke not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) List(context.Context, *ListRequest) (*ListResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method List not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) Disconnect(context.Context, *DisconnectRequest) (*DisconnectResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Disconnect not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) Info(context.Context, *InfoRequest) (*InfoResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Info not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) ListProcesses(context.Context, *ListProcessesRequest) (*ListProcessesResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListProcesses not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) DisconnectProcess(context.Context, *DisconnectProcessRequest) (*DisconnectProcessResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DisconnectProcess not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedControllerServer) testEmbeddedByValue() {}
-
-// UnsafeControllerServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
-// Use of this interface is not recommended, as added methods to ControllerServer will
-// result in compilation errors.
-type UnsafeControllerServer interface {
-	mustEmbedUnimplementedControllerServer()
-}
-
-func RegisterControllerServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv ControllerServer) {
-	// If the following call pancis, it indicates UnimplementedControllerServer was
-	// embedded by pointer and is nil.  This will cause panics if an
-	// unimplemented method is ever invoked, so we test this at initialization
-	// time to prevent it from happening at runtime later due to I/O.
-	if t, ok := srv.(interface{ testEmbeddedByValue() }); ok {
-		t.testEmbeddedByValue()
-	}
-	s.RegisterService(&Controller_ServiceDesc, srv)
-}
-
-func _Controller_Build_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(BuildRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).Build(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: Controller_Build_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).Build(ctx, req.(*BuildRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _Controller_Inspect_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(InspectRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).Inspect(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: Controller_Inspect_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).Inspect(ctx, req.(*InspectRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _Controller_Status_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
-	m := new(StatusRequest)
-	if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return srv.(ControllerServer).Status(m, &grpc.GenericServerStream[StatusRequest, StatusResponse]{ServerStream: stream})
-}
-
-// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
-type Controller_StatusServer = grpc.ServerStreamingServer[StatusResponse]
-
-func _Controller_Input_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
-	return srv.(ControllerServer).Input(&grpc.GenericServerStream[InputMessage, InputResponse]{ServerStream: stream})
-}
-
-// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
-type Controller_InputServer = grpc.ClientStreamingServer[InputMessage, InputResponse]
-
-func _Controller_Invoke_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
-	return srv.(ControllerServer).Invoke(&grpc.GenericServerStream[Message, Message]{ServerStream: stream})
-}
-
-// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
-type Controller_InvokeServer = grpc.BidiStreamingServer[Message, Message]
-
-func _Controller_List_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(ListRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).List(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: Controller_List_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).List(ctx, req.(*ListRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _Controller_Disconnect_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(DisconnectRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).Disconnect(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: Controller_Disconnect_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).Disconnect(ctx, req.(*DisconnectRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _Controller_Info_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(InfoRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).Info(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: Controller_Info_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).Info(ctx, req.(*InfoRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _Controller_ListProcesses_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(ListProcessesRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).ListProcesses(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: Controller_ListProcesses_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).ListProcesses(ctx, req.(*ListProcessesRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _Controller_DisconnectProcess_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(DisconnectProcessRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).DisconnectProcess(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: Controller_DisconnectProcess_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(ControllerServer).DisconnectProcess(ctx, req.(*DisconnectProcessRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-// Controller_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for Controller service.
-// It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
-// and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
-var Controller_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
-	ServiceName: "buildx.controller.v1.Controller",
-	HandlerType: (*ControllerServer)(nil),
-	Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{
-		{
-			MethodName: "Build",
-			Handler:    _Controller_Build_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "Inspect",
-			Handler:    _Controller_Inspect_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "List",
-			Handler:    _Controller_List_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "Disconnect",
-			Handler:    _Controller_Disconnect_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "Info",
-			Handler:    _Controller_Info_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "ListProcesses",
-			Handler:    _Controller_ListProcesses_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "DisconnectProcess",
-			Handler:    _Controller_DisconnectProcess_Handler,
-		},
-	},
-	Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{
-		{
-			StreamName:    "Status",
-			Handler:       _Controller_Status_Handler,
-			ServerStreams: true,
-		},
-		{
-			StreamName:    "Input",
-			Handler:       _Controller_Input_Handler,
-			ClientStreams: true,
-		},
-		{
-			StreamName:    "Invoke",
-			Handler:       _Controller_Invoke_Handler,
-			ServerStreams: true,
-			ClientStreams: true,
-		},
-	},
-	Metadata: "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb/controller.proto",
-}
--- a/controller/pb/controller_vtproto.pb.go
+++ b/controller/pb/controller_vtproto.pb.go
--- a/controller/pb/export.go
+++ b/controller/pb/export.go
@@ -10,16 +10,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )

-func CreateExports(entries []*ExportEntry) ([]client.ExportEntry, []string, error) {
+func CreateExports(entries []*ExportEntry) ([]client.ExportEntry, error) {
 	var outs []client.ExportEntry
-	var localPaths []string
 	if len(entries) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil, nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	var stdoutUsed bool
 	for _, entry := range entries {
 		if entry.Type == "" {
-			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("type is required for output")
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("type is required for output")
 		}

 		out := client.ExportEntry{
@@ -46,26 +45,24 @@ func CreateExports(entries []*ExportEntry) ([]client.ExportEntry, []string, erro
 			supportDir = !tar
 		case "registry":
 			out.Type = client.ExporterImage
-			out.Attrs["push"] = "true"
 		}

 		if supportDir {
 			if entry.Destination == "" {
-				return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("dest is required for %s exporter", out.Type)
+				return nil, errors.Errorf("dest is required for %s exporter", out.Type)
 			}
 			if entry.Destination == "-" {
-				return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("dest cannot be stdout for %s exporter", out.Type)
+				return nil, errors.Errorf("dest cannot be stdout for %s exporter", out.Type)
 			}

 			fi, err := os.Stat(entry.Destination)
 			if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid destination directory: %s", entry.Destination)
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid destination directory: %s", entry.Destination)
 			}
 			if err == nil && !fi.IsDir() {
-				return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("destination directory %s is a file", entry.Destination)
+				return nil, errors.Errorf("destination directory %s is a file", entry.Destination)
 			}
 			out.OutputDir = entry.Destination
-			localPaths = append(localPaths, entry.Destination)
 		}
 		if supportFile {
 			if entry.Destination == "" && out.Type != client.ExporterDocker {
@@ -73,33 +70,32 @@ func CreateExports(entries []*ExportEntry) ([]client.ExportEntry, []string, erro
 			}
 			if entry.Destination == "-" {
 				if stdoutUsed {
-					return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("multiple outputs configured to write to stdout")
+					return nil, errors.Errorf("multiple outputs configured to write to stdout")
 				}
 				if _, err := console.ConsoleFromFile(os.Stdout); err == nil {
-					return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("dest file is required for %s exporter. refusing to write to console", out.Type)
+					return nil, errors.Errorf("dest file is required for %s exporter. refusing to write to console", out.Type)
 				}
 				out.Output = wrapWriteCloser(os.Stdout)
 				stdoutUsed = true
 			} else if entry.Destination != "" {
 				fi, err := os.Stat(entry.Destination)
 				if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-					return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid destination file: %s", entry.Destination)
+					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid destination file: %s", entry.Destination)
 				}
 				if err == nil && fi.IsDir() {
-					return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("destination file %s is a directory", entry.Destination)
+					return nil, errors.Errorf("destination file %s is a directory", entry.Destination)
 				}
 				f, err := os.Create(entry.Destination)
 				if err != nil {
-					return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("failed to open %s", err)
+					return nil, errors.Errorf("failed to open %s", err)
 				}
 				out.Output = wrapWriteCloser(f)
-				localPaths = append(localPaths, entry.Destination)
 			}
 		}

 		outs = append(outs, out)
 	}
-	return outs, localPaths, nil
+	return outs, nil
 }

 func wrapWriteCloser(wc io.WriteCloser) func(map[string]string) (io.WriteCloser, error) {
--- a/controller/pb/generate.go
+++ b/controller/pb/generate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package pb
+
+//go:generate protoc -I=. -I=../../vendor/ --gogo_out=plugins=grpc:. controller.proto
--- a/controller/pb/path.go
+++ b/controller/pb/path.go
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ func ResolveOptionPaths(options *BuildOptions) (_ *BuildOptions, err error) {
 				}
 			}
 			ps = append(ps, p)
+
 		}
 		s.Paths = ps
 		ssh = append(ssh, s)
--- a/controller/pb/path_test.go
+++ b/controller/pb/path_test.go
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ package pb
 import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
@@ -16,58 +16,54 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, os.Chdir(tmpwd))
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
-		options *BuildOptions
-		want    *BuildOptions
+		options BuildOptions
+		want    BuildOptions
 	}{
 		{
 			name:    "contextpath",
-			options: &BuildOptions{ContextPath: "test"},
-			want:    &BuildOptions{ContextPath: filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test")},
+			options: BuildOptions{ContextPath: "test"},
+			want:    BuildOptions{ContextPath: filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test")},
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "contextpath-cwd",
-			options: &BuildOptions{ContextPath: "."},
-			want:    &BuildOptions{ContextPath: tmpwd},
+			options: BuildOptions{ContextPath: "."},
+			want:    BuildOptions{ContextPath: tmpwd},
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "contextpath-dash",
-			options: &BuildOptions{ContextPath: "-"},
-			want:    &BuildOptions{ContextPath: "-"},
+			options: BuildOptions{ContextPath: "-"},
+			want:    BuildOptions{ContextPath: "-"},
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "contextpath-ssh",
-			options: &BuildOptions{ContextPath: "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git"},
-			want:    &BuildOptions{ContextPath: "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git"},
+			options: BuildOptions{ContextPath: "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git"},
+			want:    BuildOptions{ContextPath: "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git"},
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "dockerfilename",
-			options: &BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "test", ContextPath: "."},
-			want:    &BuildOptions{DockerfileName: filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test"), ContextPath: tmpwd},
+			options: BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "test", ContextPath: "."},
+			want:    BuildOptions{DockerfileName: filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test"), ContextPath: tmpwd},
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "dockerfilename-dash",
-			options: &BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "-", ContextPath: "."},
-			want:    &BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "-", ContextPath: tmpwd},
+			options: BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "-", ContextPath: "."},
+			want:    BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "-", ContextPath: tmpwd},
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "dockerfilename-remote",
-			options: &BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "test", ContextPath: "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git"},
-			want:    &BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "test", ContextPath: "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git"},
+			options: BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "test", ContextPath: "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git"},
+			want:    BuildOptions{DockerfileName: "test", ContextPath: "git@github.com:docker/buildx.git"},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "contexts",
-			options: &BuildOptions{NamedContexts: map[string]string{
-				"a": "test1", "b": "test2",
-				"alpine": "docker-image://alpine@sha256:0123456789", "project": "https://github.com/myuser/project.git",
-			}},
-			want: &BuildOptions{NamedContexts: map[string]string{
-				"a": filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test1"), "b": filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test2"),
-				"alpine": "docker-image://alpine@sha256:0123456789", "project": "https://github.com/myuser/project.git",
-			}},
+			options: BuildOptions{NamedContexts: map[string]string{"a": "test1", "b": "test2",
+				"alpine": "docker-image://alpine@sha256:0123456789", "project": "https://github.com/myuser/project.git"}},
+			want: BuildOptions{NamedContexts: map[string]string{"a": filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test1"), "b": filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test2"),
+				"alpine": "docker-image://alpine@sha256:0123456789", "project": "https://github.com/myuser/project.git"}},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "cache-from",
-			options: &BuildOptions{
+			options: BuildOptions{
 				CacheFrom: []*CacheOptionsEntry{
 					{
 						Type:  "local",
@@ -79,7 +75,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			want: &BuildOptions{
+			want: BuildOptions{
 				CacheFrom: []*CacheOptionsEntry{
 					{
 						Type:  "local",
@@ -94,7 +90,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "cache-to",
-			options: &BuildOptions{
+			options: BuildOptions{
 				CacheTo: []*CacheOptionsEntry{
 					{
 						Type:  "local",
@@ -106,7 +102,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			want: &BuildOptions{
+			want: BuildOptions{
 				CacheTo: []*CacheOptionsEntry{
 					{
 						Type:  "local",
@@ -121,7 +117,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "exports",
-			options: &BuildOptions{
+			options: BuildOptions{
 				Exports: []*ExportEntry{
 					{
 						Type:        "local",
@@ -149,7 +145,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			want: &BuildOptions{
+			want: BuildOptions{
 				Exports: []*ExportEntry{
 					{
 						Type:        "local",
@@ -180,7 +176,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "secrets",
-			options: &BuildOptions{
+			options: BuildOptions{
 				Secrets: []*Secret{
 					{
 						FilePath: "test1",
@@ -195,7 +191,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			want: &BuildOptions{
+			want: BuildOptions{
 				Secrets: []*Secret{
 					{
 						FilePath: filepath.Join(tmpwd, "test1"),
@@ -213,7 +209,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "ssh",
-			options: &BuildOptions{
+			options: BuildOptions{
 				SSH: []*SSH{
 					{
 						ID:    "default",
@@ -225,7 +221,7 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			want: &BuildOptions{
+			want: BuildOptions{
 				SSH: []*SSH{
 					{
 						ID:    "default",
@@ -242,10 +238,10 @@ func TestResolvePaths(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		tt := tt
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := ResolveOptionPaths(tt.options)
+			got, err := ResolveOptionPaths(&tt.options)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			if !proto.Equal(tt.want, got) {
-				t.Fatalf("expected %#v, got %#v", tt.want, got)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(tt.want, *got) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected %#v, got %#v", tt.want, *got)
 			}
 		})
 	}
--- a/controller/pb/progress.go
+++ b/controller/pb/progress.go
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 package pb

 import (
-	"time"
-
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	control "github.com/moby/buildkit/api/services/control"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 )

 type writer struct {
@@ -22,7 +19,9 @@ func (w *writer) Write(status *client.SolveStatus) {
 	w.ch <- ToControlStatus(status)
 }

-func (w *writer) WriteBuildRef(target string, ref string) {}
+func (w *writer) WriteBuildRef(target string, ref string) {
+	return
+}

 func (w *writer) ValidateLogSource(digest.Digest, interface{}) bool {
 	return true
@@ -34,11 +33,11 @@ func ToControlStatus(s *client.SolveStatus) *StatusResponse {
 	resp := StatusResponse{}
 	for _, v := range s.Vertexes {
 		resp.Vertexes = append(resp.Vertexes, &control.Vertex{
-			Digest:        string(v.Digest),
-			Inputs:        digestSliceToPB(v.Inputs),
+			Digest:        v.Digest,
+			Inputs:        v.Inputs,
 			Name:          v.Name,
-			Started:       timestampToPB(v.Started),
-			Completed:     timestampToPB(v.Completed),
+			Started:       v.Started,
+			Completed:     v.Completed,
 			Error:         v.Error,
 			Cached:        v.Cached,
 			ProgressGroup: v.ProgressGroup,
@@ -47,26 +46,26 @@ func ToControlStatus(s *client.SolveStatus) *StatusResponse {
 	for _, v := range s.Statuses {
 		resp.Statuses = append(resp.Statuses, &control.VertexStatus{
 			ID:        v.ID,
-			Vertex:    string(v.Vertex),
+			Vertex:    v.Vertex,
 			Name:      v.Name,
 			Total:     v.Total,
 			Current:   v.Current,
-			Timestamp: timestamppb.New(v.Timestamp),
-			Started:   timestampToPB(v.Started),
-			Completed: timestampToPB(v.Completed),
+			Timestamp: v.Timestamp,
+			Started:   v.Started,
+			Completed: v.Completed,
 		})
 	}
 	for _, v := range s.Logs {
 		resp.Logs = append(resp.Logs, &control.VertexLog{
-			Vertex:    string(v.Vertex),
+			Vertex:    v.Vertex,
 			Stream:    int64(v.Stream),
 			Msg:       v.Data,
-			Timestamp: timestamppb.New(v.Timestamp),
+			Timestamp: v.Timestamp,
 		})
 	}
 	for _, v := range s.Warnings {
 		resp.Warnings = append(resp.Warnings, &control.VertexWarning{
-			Vertex: string(v.Vertex),
+			Vertex: v.Vertex,
 			Level:  int64(v.Level),
 			Short:  v.Short,
 			Detail: v.Detail,
@@ -82,11 +81,11 @@ func FromControlStatus(resp *StatusResponse) *client.SolveStatus {
 	s := client.SolveStatus{}
 	for _, v := range resp.Vertexes {
 		s.Vertexes = append(s.Vertexes, &client.Vertex{
-			Digest:        digest.Digest(v.Digest),
-			Inputs:        digestSliceFromPB(v.Inputs),
+			Digest:        v.Digest,
+			Inputs:        v.Inputs,
 			Name:          v.Name,
-			Started:       timestampFromPB(v.Started),
-			Completed:     timestampFromPB(v.Completed),
+			Started:       v.Started,
+			Completed:     v.Completed,
 			Error:         v.Error,
 			Cached:        v.Cached,
 			ProgressGroup: v.ProgressGroup,
@@ -95,26 +94,26 @@ func FromControlStatus(resp *StatusResponse) *client.SolveStatus {
 	for _, v := range resp.Statuses {
 		s.Statuses = append(s.Statuses, &client.VertexStatus{
 			ID:        v.ID,
-			Vertex:    digest.Digest(v.Vertex),
+			Vertex:    v.Vertex,
 			Name:      v.Name,
 			Total:     v.Total,
 			Current:   v.Current,
-			Timestamp: v.Timestamp.AsTime(),
-			Started:   timestampFromPB(v.Started),
-			Completed: timestampFromPB(v.Completed),
+			Timestamp: v.Timestamp,
+			Started:   v.Started,
+			Completed: v.Completed,
 		})
 	}
 	for _, v := range resp.Logs {
 		s.Logs = append(s.Logs, &client.VertexLog{
-			Vertex:    digest.Digest(v.Vertex),
+			Vertex:    v.Vertex,
 			Stream:    int(v.Stream),
 			Data:      v.Msg,
-			Timestamp: v.Timestamp.AsTime(),
+			Timestamp: v.Timestamp,
 		})
 	}
 	for _, v := range resp.Warnings {
 		s.Warnings = append(s.Warnings, &client.VertexWarning{
-			Vertex:     digest.Digest(v.Vertex),
+			Vertex:     v.Vertex,
 			Level:      int(v.Level),
 			Short:      v.Short,
 			Detail:     v.Detail,
@@ -125,38 +124,3 @@ func FromControlStatus(resp *StatusResponse) *client.SolveStatus {
 	}
 	return &s
 }
-
-func timestampFromPB(ts *timestamppb.Timestamp) *time.Time {
-	if ts == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	t := ts.AsTime()
-	if t.IsZero() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return &t
-}
-
-func timestampToPB(ts *time.Time) *timestamppb.Timestamp {
-	if ts == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return timestamppb.New(*ts)
-}
-
-func digestSliceFromPB(elems []string) []digest.Digest {
-	clone := make([]digest.Digest, len(elems))
-	for i, e := range elems {
-		clone[i] = digest.Digest(e)
-	}
-	return clone
-}
-
-func digestSliceToPB(elems []digest.Digest) []string {
-	clone := make([]string, len(elems))
-	for i, e := range elems {
-		clone[i] = string(e)
-	}
-	return clone
-}
--- a/controller/processes/processes.go
+++ b/controller/processes/processes.go
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ type Process struct {
 	invokeConfig  *pb.InvokeConfig
 	errCh         chan error
 	processCancel func()
-	serveIOCancel func(error)
+	serveIOCancel func()
 }

 // ForwardIO forwards process's io to the specified reader/writer.
 // Optionally specify ioCancelCallback which will be called when
 // the process closes the specified IO. This will be useful for additional cleanup.
-func (p *Process) ForwardIO(in *ioset.In, ioCancelCallback func(error)) {
+func (p *Process) ForwardIO(in *ioset.In, ioCancelCallback func()) {
 	p.inEnd.SetIn(in)
 	if f := p.serveIOCancel; f != nil {
-		f(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+		f()
 	}
 	p.serveIOCancel = ioCancelCallback
 }
@@ -124,16 +124,9 @@ func (m *Manager) StartProcess(pid string, resultCtx *build.ResultHandle, cfg *p
 	f.SetOut(&out)

 	// Register process
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(context.TODO())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
 	var cancelOnce sync.Once
-	processCancelFunc := func() {
-		cancelOnce.Do(func() {
-			cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
-			f.Close()
-			in.Close()
-			out.Close()
-		})
-	}
+	processCancelFunc := func() { cancelOnce.Do(func() { cancel(); f.Close(); in.Close(); out.Close() }) }
 	p := &Process{
 		inEnd:         f,
 		invokeConfig:  cfg,
--- a/controller/remote/client.go
+++ b/controller/remote/client.go
@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/defaults"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/pkg/dialer"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/defaults"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/pkg/dialer"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string) (*Client, error) {
 		Backoff: backoffConfig,
 	}
 	gopts := []grpc.DialOption{
-		//nolint:staticcheck // ignore SA1019: WithBlock is deprecated and does not work with NewClient.
 		grpc.WithBlock(),
 		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
 		grpc.WithConnectParams(connParams),
@@ -38,7 +36,6 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string) (*Client, error) {
 		grpc.WithUnaryInterceptor(grpcerrors.UnaryClientInterceptor),
 		grpc.WithStreamInterceptor(grpcerrors.StreamClientInterceptor),
 	}
-	//nolint:staticcheck // ignore SA1019: Recommended NewClient has different behavior from DialContext.
 	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(ctx, dialer.DialAddress(addr), gopts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -75,36 +72,36 @@ func (c *Client) List(ctx context.Context) (keys []string, retErr error) {
 	return res.Keys, nil
 }

-func (c *Client) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) error {
-	if sessionID == "" {
+func (c *Client) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
+	if key == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
-	_, err := c.client().Disconnect(ctx, &pb.DisconnectRequest{SessionID: sessionID})
+	_, err := c.client().Disconnect(ctx, &pb.DisconnectRequest{Ref: key})
 	return err
 }

-func (c *Client) ListProcesses(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) (infos []*pb.ProcessInfo, retErr error) {
-	res, err := c.client().ListProcesses(ctx, &pb.ListProcessesRequest{SessionID: sessionID})
+func (c *Client) ListProcesses(ctx context.Context, ref string) (infos []*pb.ProcessInfo, retErr error) {
+	res, err := c.client().ListProcesses(ctx, &pb.ListProcessesRequest{Ref: ref})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return res.Infos, nil
 }

-func (c *Client) DisconnectProcess(ctx context.Context, sessionID, pid string) error {
-	_, err := c.client().DisconnectProcess(ctx, &pb.DisconnectProcessRequest{SessionID: sessionID, ProcessID: pid})
+func (c *Client) DisconnectProcess(ctx context.Context, ref, pid string) error {
+	_, err := c.client().DisconnectProcess(ctx, &pb.DisconnectProcessRequest{Ref: ref, ProcessID: pid})
 	return err
 }

-func (c *Client) Invoke(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, pid string, invokeConfig *pb.InvokeConfig, in io.ReadCloser, stdout io.WriteCloser, stderr io.WriteCloser) error {
-	if sessionID == "" || pid == "" {
-		return errors.New("build session ID must be specified")
+func (c *Client) Invoke(ctx context.Context, ref string, pid string, invokeConfig pb.InvokeConfig, in io.ReadCloser, stdout io.WriteCloser, stderr io.WriteCloser) error {
+	if ref == "" || pid == "" {
+		return errors.New("build reference must be specified")
 	}
 	stream, err := c.client().Invoke(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return attachIO(ctx, stream, &pb.InitMessage{SessionID: sessionID, ProcessID: pid, InvokeConfig: invokeConfig}, ioAttachConfig{
+	return attachIO(ctx, stream, &pb.InitMessage{Ref: ref, ProcessID: pid, InvokeConfig: &invokeConfig}, ioAttachConfig{
 		stdin:  in,
 		stdout: stdout,
 		stderr: stderr,
@@ -112,11 +109,11 @@ func (c *Client) Invoke(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, pid string, invok
 	})
 }

-func (c *Client) Inspect(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) (*pb.InspectResponse, error) {
-	return c.client().Inspect(ctx, &pb.InspectRequest{SessionID: sessionID})
+func (c *Client) Inspect(ctx context.Context, ref string) (*pb.InspectResponse, error) {
+	return c.client().Inspect(ctx, &pb.InspectRequest{Ref: ref})
 }

-func (c *Client) Build(ctx context.Context, options *pb.BuildOptions, in io.ReadCloser, progress progress.Writer) (string, *client.SolveResponse, *build.Inputs, error) {
+func (c *Client) Build(ctx context.Context, options pb.BuildOptions, in io.ReadCloser, progress progress.Writer) (string, *client.SolveResponse, error) {
 	ref := identity.NewID()
 	statusChan := make(chan *client.SolveStatus)
 	eg, egCtx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
@@ -134,10 +131,10 @@ func (c *Client) Build(ctx context.Context, options *pb.BuildOptions, in io.Read
 		}
 		return nil
 	})
-	return ref, resp, nil, eg.Wait()
+	return ref, resp, eg.Wait()
 }

-func (c *Client) build(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, options *pb.BuildOptions, in io.ReadCloser, statusChan chan *client.SolveStatus) (*client.SolveResponse, error) {
+func (c *Client) build(ctx context.Context, ref string, options pb.BuildOptions, in io.ReadCloser, statusChan chan *client.SolveStatus) (*client.SolveResponse, error) {
 	eg, egCtx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 	done := make(chan struct{})

@@ -146,8 +143,8 @@ func (c *Client) build(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, options *pb.BuildO
 	eg.Go(func() error {
 		defer close(done)
 		pbResp, err := c.client().Build(egCtx, &pb.BuildRequest{
-			SessionID: sessionID,
-			Options:   options,
+			Ref:     ref,
+			Options: &options,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -159,7 +156,7 @@ func (c *Client) build(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, options *pb.BuildO
 	})
 	eg.Go(func() error {
 		stream, err := c.client().Status(egCtx, &pb.StatusRequest{
-			SessionID: sessionID,
+			Ref: ref,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ func (c *Client) build(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, options *pb.BuildO
 			if err := stream.Send(&pb.InputMessage{
 				Input: &pb.InputMessage_Init{
 					Init: &pb.InputInitMessage{
-						SessionID: sessionID,
+						Ref: ref,
 					},
 				},
 			}); err != nil {
--- a/controller/remote/controller.go
+++ b/controller/remote/controller.go
@@ -62,10 +62,9 @@ func NewRemoteBuildxController(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts
 	serverRoot := filepath.Join(rootDir, "shared")

 	// connect to buildx server if it is already running
-	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-	ctx2, _ = context.WithTimeoutCause(ctx2, 1*time.Second, errors.WithStack(context.DeadlineExceeded)) //nolint:govet,lostcancel // no need to manually cancel this context as we already rely on parent
+	ctx2, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 1*time.Second)
 	c, err := newBuildxClientAndCheck(ctx2, filepath.Join(serverRoot, defaultSocketFilename))
-	cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+	cancel()
 	if err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "cannot connect to the buildx server")
@@ -91,10 +90,9 @@ func NewRemoteBuildxController(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts
 		go wait()

 		// wait for buildx server to be ready
-		ctx2, cancel = context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-		ctx2, _ = context.WithTimeoutCause(ctx2, 10*time.Second, errors.WithStack(context.DeadlineExceeded)) //nolint:govet,lostcancel // no need to manually cancel this context as we already rely on parent
+		ctx2, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
 		c, err = newBuildxClientAndCheck(ctx2, filepath.Join(serverRoot, defaultSocketFilename))
-		cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+		cancel()
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "cannot connect to the buildx server")
 		}
@@ -150,8 +148,8 @@ func serveCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 			}()

 			// prepare server
-			b := NewServer(func(ctx context.Context, options *controllerapi.BuildOptions, stdin io.Reader, progress progress.Writer) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.ResultHandle, *build.Inputs, error) {
-				return cbuild.RunBuild(ctx, dockerCli, options, stdin, progress, true)
+			b := NewServer(func(ctx context.Context, options *controllerapi.BuildOptions, stdin io.Reader, progress progress.Writer) (*client.SolveResponse, *build.ResultHandle, error) {
+				return cbuild.RunBuild(ctx, dockerCli, *options, stdin, progress, true)
 			})
 			defer b.Close()

@@ -260,7 +258,7 @@ func prepareRootDir(dockerCli command.Cli, config *serverConfig) (string, error)
 }

 func rootDataDir(dockerCli command.Cli) string {
-	return filepath.Join(confutil.NewConfig(dockerCli).Dir(), "controller")
+	return filepath.Join(confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli), "controller")
 }

 func newBuildxClientAndCheck(ctx context.Context, addr string) (*Client, error) {
--- a/controller/remote/io.go
+++ b/controller/remote/io.go
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ func serveIO(attachCtx context.Context, srv msgStream, initFn func(*pb.InitMessa
 	if init == nil {
 		return errors.Errorf("unexpected message: %T; wanted init", msg.GetInput())
 	}
-	sessionID := init.SessionID
-	if sessionID == "" {
-		return errors.New("no session ID is provided")
+	ref := init.Ref
+	if ref == "" {
+		return errors.New("no ref is provided")
 	}
 	if err := initFn(init); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to initialize IO server")
@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ func attachIO(ctx context.Context, stream msgStream, initMessage *pb.InitMessage
 					out = cfg.stderr
 				default:
 					return errors.Errorf("unsupported fd %d", file.Fd)
+
 				}
 				if out == nil {
 					logrus.Warnf("attachIO: no writer for fd %d", file.Fd)
@@ -344,7 +345,7 @@ func receive(ctx context.Context, stream msgStream) (*pb.Message, error) {
 	case err := <-errCh:
 		return nil, err
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return nil, context.Cause(ctx)
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
 	}
 }

--- a/controller/remote/server.go
+++ b/controller/remote/server.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	controllererrors "github.com/docker/buildx/controller/errdefs"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/pb"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/controller/processes"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/desktop"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/ioset"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/version"
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )

-type BuildFunc func(ctx context.Context, options *pb.BuildOptions, stdin io.Reader, progress progress.Writer) (resp *client.SolveResponse, res *build.ResultHandle, inp *build.Inputs, err error)
+type BuildFunc func(ctx context.Context, options *pb.BuildOptions, stdin io.Reader, progress progress.Writer) (resp *client.SolveResponse, res *build.ResultHandle, err error)

 func NewServer(buildFunc BuildFunc) *Server {
 	return &Server{
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ type Server struct {
 type session struct {
 	buildOnGoing atomic.Bool
 	statusChan   chan *pb.StatusResponse
-	cancelBuild  func(error)
+	cancelBuild  func()
 	buildOptions *pb.BuildOptions
 	inputPipe    *io.PipeWriter

@@ -53,9 +52,9 @@ func (s *session) cancelRunningProcesses() {
 func (m *Server) ListProcesses(ctx context.Context, req *pb.ListProcessesRequest) (res *pb.ListProcessesResponse, err error) {
 	m.sessionMu.Lock()
 	defer m.sessionMu.Unlock()
-	s, ok := m.session[req.SessionID]
+	s, ok := m.session[req.Ref]
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown session ID %q", req.SessionID)
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown ref %q", req.Ref)
 	}
 	res = new(pb.ListProcessesResponse)
 	res.Infos = append(res.Infos, s.processes.ListProcesses()...)
@@ -65,9 +64,9 @@ func (m *Server) ListProcesses(ctx context.Context, req *pb.ListProcessesRequest
 func (m *Server) DisconnectProcess(ctx context.Context, req *pb.DisconnectProcessRequest) (res *pb.DisconnectProcessResponse, err error) {
 	m.sessionMu.Lock()
 	defer m.sessionMu.Unlock()
-	s, ok := m.session[req.SessionID]
+	s, ok := m.session[req.Ref]
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown session ID %q", req.SessionID)
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown ref %q", req.Ref)
 	}
 	return res, s.processes.DeleteProcess(req.ProcessID)
 }
@@ -101,22 +100,22 @@ func (m *Server) List(ctx context.Context, req *pb.ListRequest) (res *pb.ListRes
 }

 func (m *Server) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, req *pb.DisconnectRequest) (res *pb.DisconnectResponse, err error) {
-	sessionID := req.SessionID
-	if sessionID == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("disconnect: empty session ID")
+	key := req.Ref
+	if key == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("disconnect: empty key")
 	}

 	m.sessionMu.Lock()
-	if s, ok := m.session[sessionID]; ok {
+	if s, ok := m.session[key]; ok {
 		if s.cancelBuild != nil {
-			s.cancelBuild(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+			s.cancelBuild()
 		}
 		s.cancelRunningProcesses()
 		if s.result != nil {
 			s.result.Done()
 		}
 	}
-	delete(m.session, sessionID)
+	delete(m.session, key)
 	m.sessionMu.Unlock()

 	return &pb.DisconnectResponse{}, nil
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ func (m *Server) Close() error {
 	for k := range m.session {
 		if s, ok := m.session[k]; ok {
 			if s.cancelBuild != nil {
-				s.cancelBuild(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+				s.cancelBuild()
 			}
 			s.cancelRunningProcesses()
 		}
@@ -137,26 +136,26 @@ func (m *Server) Close() error {
 }

 func (m *Server) Inspect(ctx context.Context, req *pb.InspectRequest) (*pb.InspectResponse, error) {
-	sessionID := req.SessionID
-	if sessionID == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("inspect: empty session ID")
+	ref := req.Ref
+	if ref == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("inspect: empty key")
 	}
 	var bo *pb.BuildOptions
 	m.sessionMu.Lock()
-	if s, ok := m.session[sessionID]; ok {
+	if s, ok := m.session[ref]; ok {
 		bo = s.buildOptions
 	} else {
 		m.sessionMu.Unlock()
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("inspect: unknown key %v", sessionID)
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("inspect: unknown key %v", ref)
 	}
 	m.sessionMu.Unlock()
 	return &pb.InspectResponse{Options: bo}, nil
 }

 func (m *Server) Build(ctx context.Context, req *pb.BuildRequest) (*pb.BuildResponse, error) {
-	sessionID := req.SessionID
-	if sessionID == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("build: empty session ID")
+	ref := req.Ref
+	if ref == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("build: empty key")
 	}

 	// Prepare status channel and session
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ func (m *Server) Build(ctx context.Context, req *pb.BuildRequest) (*pb.BuildResp
 	if m.session == nil {
 		m.session = make(map[string]*session)
 	}
-	s, ok := m.session[sessionID]
+	s, ok := m.session[ref]
 	if ok {
 		if !s.buildOnGoing.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
 			m.sessionMu.Unlock()
@@ -183,12 +182,12 @@ func (m *Server) Build(ctx context.Context, req *pb.BuildRequest) (*pb.BuildResp
 	inR, inW := io.Pipe()
 	defer inR.Close()
 	s.inputPipe = inW
-	m.session[sessionID] = s
+	m.session[ref] = s
 	m.sessionMu.Unlock()
 	defer func() {
 		close(statusChan)
 		m.sessionMu.Lock()
-		s, ok := m.session[sessionID]
+		s, ok := m.session[ref]
 		if ok {
 			s.statusChan = nil
 			s.buildOnGoing.Store(false)
@@ -199,29 +198,24 @@ func (m *Server) Build(ctx context.Context, req *pb.BuildRequest) (*pb.BuildResp
 	pw := pb.NewProgressWriter(statusChan)

 	// Build the specified request
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-	defer func() { cancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled)) }()
-	resp, res, _, buildErr := m.buildFunc(ctx, req.Options, inR, pw)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+	resp, res, buildErr := m.buildFunc(ctx, req.Options, inR, pw)
 	m.sessionMu.Lock()
-	if s, ok := m.session[sessionID]; ok {
+	if s, ok := m.session[ref]; ok {
 		// NOTE: buildFunc can return *build.ResultHandle even on error (e.g. when it's implemented using (github.com/docker/buildx/controller/build).RunBuild).
 		if res != nil {
 			s.result = res
 			s.cancelBuild = cancel
 			s.buildOptions = req.Options
-			m.session[sessionID] = s
+			m.session[ref] = s
 			if buildErr != nil {
-				var ref string
-				var ebr *desktop.ErrorWithBuildRef
-				if errors.As(buildErr, &ebr) {
-					ref = ebr.Ref
-				}
-				buildErr = controllererrors.WrapBuild(buildErr, sessionID, ref)
+				buildErr = controllererrors.WrapBuild(buildErr, ref)
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		m.sessionMu.Unlock()
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("build: unknown session ID %v", sessionID)
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("build: unknown key %v", ref)
 	}
 	m.sessionMu.Unlock()

@@ -238,9 +232,9 @@ func (m *Server) Build(ctx context.Context, req *pb.BuildRequest) (*pb.BuildResp
 }

 func (m *Server) Status(req *pb.StatusRequest, stream pb.Controller_StatusServer) error {
-	sessionID := req.SessionID
-	if sessionID == "" {
-		return errors.New("status: empty session ID")
+	ref := req.Ref
+	if ref == "" {
+		return errors.New("status: empty key")
 	}

 	// Wait and get status channel prepared by Build()
@@ -248,12 +242,12 @@ func (m *Server) Status(req *pb.StatusRequest, stream pb.Controller_StatusServer
 	for {
 		// TODO: timeout?
 		m.sessionMu.Lock()
-		if _, ok := m.session[sessionID]; !ok || m.session[sessionID].statusChan == nil {
+		if _, ok := m.session[ref]; !ok || m.session[ref].statusChan == nil {
 			m.sessionMu.Unlock()
 			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond) // TODO: wait Build without busy loop and make it cancellable
 			continue
 		}
-		statusChan = m.session[sessionID].statusChan
+		statusChan = m.session[ref].statusChan
 		m.sessionMu.Unlock()
 		break
 	}
@@ -284,9 +278,9 @@ func (m *Server) Input(stream pb.Controller_InputServer) (err error) {
 	if init == nil {
 		return errors.Errorf("unexpected message: %T; wanted init", msg.GetInit())
 	}
-	sessionID := init.SessionID
-	if sessionID == "" {
-		return errors.New("input: no session ID is provided")
+	ref := init.Ref
+	if ref == "" {
+		return errors.New("input: no ref is provided")
 	}

 	// Wait and get input stream pipe prepared by Build()
@@ -294,12 +288,12 @@ func (m *Server) Input(stream pb.Controller_InputServer) (err error) {
 	for {
 		// TODO: timeout?
 		m.sessionMu.Lock()
-		if _, ok := m.session[sessionID]; !ok || m.session[sessionID].inputPipe == nil {
+		if _, ok := m.session[ref]; !ok || m.session[ref].inputPipe == nil {
 			m.sessionMu.Unlock()
 			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond) // TODO: wait Build without busy loop and make it cancellable
 			continue
 		}
-		inputPipeW = m.session[sessionID].inputPipe
+		inputPipeW = m.session[ref].inputPipe
 		m.sessionMu.Unlock()
 		break
 	}
@@ -341,7 +335,7 @@ func (m *Server) Input(stream pb.Controller_InputServer) (err error) {
 			select {
 			case msg = <-msgCh:
 			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return context.Cause(ctx)
+				return errors.Wrap(ctx.Err(), "canceled")
 			}
 			if msg == nil {
 				return nil
@@ -370,23 +364,23 @@ func (m *Server) Invoke(srv pb.Controller_InvokeServer) error {
 	initDoneCh := make(chan *processes.Process)
 	initErrCh := make(chan error)
 	eg, egCtx := errgroup.WithContext(context.TODO())
-	srvIOCtx, srvIOCancel := context.WithCancelCause(egCtx)
+	srvIOCtx, srvIOCancel := context.WithCancel(egCtx)
 	eg.Go(func() error {
-		defer srvIOCancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+		defer srvIOCancel()
 		return serveIO(srvIOCtx, srv, func(initMessage *pb.InitMessage) (retErr error) {
 			defer func() {
 				if retErr != nil {
 					initErrCh <- retErr
 				}
 			}()
-			sessionID := initMessage.SessionID
+			ref := initMessage.Ref
 			cfg := initMessage.InvokeConfig

 			m.sessionMu.Lock()
-			s, ok := m.session[sessionID]
+			s, ok := m.session[ref]
 			if !ok {
 				m.sessionMu.Unlock()
-				return errors.Errorf("invoke: unknown session ID %v", sessionID)
+				return errors.Errorf("invoke: unknown key %v", ref)
 			}
 			m.sessionMu.Unlock()

@@ -418,7 +412,7 @@ func (m *Server) Invoke(srv pb.Controller_InvokeServer) error {
 		})
 	})
 	eg.Go(func() (rErr error) {
-		defer srvIOCancel(errors.WithStack(context.Canceled))
+		defer srvIOCancel()
 		// Wait for init done
 		var proc *processes.Process
 		select {
--- a/docker-bake.hcl
+++ b/docker-bake.hcl
@@ -41,15 +41,11 @@ target "lint" {
  platforms = GOLANGCI_LINT_MULTIPLATFORM != "" ? [
    "darwin/amd64",
    "darwin/arm64",
-    "freebsd/amd64",
-    "freebsd/arm64",
    "linux/amd64",
    "linux/arm64",
    "linux/s390x",
    "linux/ppc64le",
    "linux/riscv64",
-    "openbsd/amd64",
-    "openbsd/arm64",
    "windows/amd64",
    "windows/arm64"
  ] : []
@@ -158,8 +154,6 @@ target "binaries-cross" {
  platforms = [
    "darwin/amd64",
    "darwin/arm64",
-    "freebsd/amd64",
-    "freebsd/arm64",
    "linux/amd64",
    "linux/arm/v6",
    "linux/arm/v7",
@@ -167,8 +161,6 @@ target "binaries-cross" {
    "linux/ppc64le",
    "linux/riscv64",
    "linux/s390x",
-    "openbsd/amd64",
-    "openbsd/arm64",
    "windows/amd64",
    "windows/arm64"
  ]
--- a/docs/bake-reference.md
+++ b/docs/bake-reference.md
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ By default, Bake uses the following lookup order to find the configuration file:
 3. `docker-compose.yml`
 4. `docker-compose.yaml`
 5. `docker-bake.json`
-6. `docker-bake.hcl`
-7. `docker-bake.override.json`
+6. `docker-bake.override.json`
+7. `docker-bake.hcl`
 8. `docker-bake.override.hcl`

 You can specify the file location explicitly using the `--file` flag:
@@ -221,10 +221,8 @@ The following table shows the complete list of attributes that you can assign to
 | [`attest`](#targetattest)                       | List    | Build attestations                                                   |
 | [`cache-from`](#targetcache-from)               | List    | External cache sources                                               |
 | [`cache-to`](#targetcache-to)                   | List    | External cache destinations                                          |
-| [`call`](#targetcall)                           | String  | Specify the frontend method to call for the target.                  |
 | [`context`](#targetcontext)                     | String  | Set of files located in the specified path or URL                    |
 | [`contexts`](#targetcontexts)                   | Map     | Additional build contexts                                            |
-| [`description`](#targetdescription)             | String  | Description of a target                                              |
 | [`dockerfile-inline`](#targetdockerfile-inline) | String  | Inline Dockerfile string                                             |
 | [`dockerfile`](#targetdockerfile)               | String  | Dockerfile location                                                  |
 | [`inherits`](#targetinherits)                   | List    | Inherit attributes from other targets                                |
@@ -361,28 +359,6 @@ target "app" {
 }
 ```

-### `target.call`
-
-Specifies the frontend method to use. Frontend methods let you, for example,
-execute build checks only, instead of running a build. This is the same as the
-`--call` flag.
-
-```hcl
-target "app" {
-  call = "check"
-}
-```
-
-Supported values are:
-
- `build` builds the target (default)
- `check`: evaluates [build checks](https://docs.docker.com/build/checks/) for the target
- `outline`: displays the target's build arguments and their default values if available
- `targets`: lists all Bake targets in the loaded definition, along with its [description](#targetdescription).
-
-For more information about frontend methods, refer to the CLI reference for
-[`docker buildx build --call`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#call).
-
 ### `target.context`

 Specifies the location of the build context to use for this target.
@@ -490,25 +466,6 @@ FROM baseapp
 RUN echo "Hello world"
 ```

-### `target.description`
-
-Defines a human-readable description for the target, clarifying its purpose or
-functionality.
-
-```hcl
-target "lint" {
-    description = "Runs golangci-lint to detect style errors"
-    args = {
-        GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION = null
-    }
-    dockerfile = "lint.Dockerfile"
-}
-```
-
-This attribute is useful when combined with the `docker buildx bake --list=targets`
-option, providing a more informative output when listing the available build
-targets in a Bake file.
-
 ### `target.dockerfile-inline`

 Uses the string value as an inline Dockerfile for the build target.
@@ -887,7 +844,7 @@ The following example forces the builder to always pull all images referenced in

 ```hcl
 target "default" {
-  pull = true
+  pull = "always"
 }
 ```

--- a/docs/reference/buildx.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx.md
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ Extended build capabilities with BuildKit
 | [`debug`](buildx_debug.md)           | Start debugger (EXPERIMENTAL)                   |
 | [`dial-stdio`](buildx_dial-stdio.md) | Proxy current stdio streams to builder instance |
 | [`du`](buildx_du.md)                 | Disk usage                                      |
-| [`history`](buildx_history.md)       | Commands to work on build records               |
 | [`imagetools`](buildx_imagetools.md) | Commands to work on images in registry          |
 | [`inspect`](buildx_inspect.md)       | Inspect current builder instance                |
 | [`ls`](buildx_ls.md)                 | List builder instances                          |
--- a/docs/reference/buildx_bake.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx_bake.md
@@ -13,25 +13,24 @@ Build from a file

 ### Options

-| Name                                | Type          | Default | Description                                                                                                  |
-|:------------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| [`--allow`](#allow)                 | `stringArray` |         | Allow build to access specified resources                                                                    |
-| [`--builder`](#builder)             | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                                     |
-| [`--call`](#call)                   | `string`      | `build` | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                              |
-| [`--check`](#check)                 | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                                 |
-| `-D`, `--debug`                     | `bool`        |         | Enable debug logging                                                                                         |
-| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file)    | `stringArray` |         | Build definition file                                                                                        |
-| [`--list`](#list)                   | `string`      |         | List targets or variables                                                                                    |
-| `--load`                            | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=docker`                                                                   |
-| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file) | `string`      |         | Write build result metadata to a file                                                                        |
-| [`--no-cache`](#no-cache)           | `bool`        |         | Do not use cache when building the image                                                                     |
-| [`--print`](#print)                 | `bool`        |         | Print the options without building                                                                           |
-| [`--progress`](#progress)           | `string`      | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `quiet`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
-| [`--provenance`](#provenance)       | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=provenance`                                                               |
-| [`--pull`](#pull)                   | `bool`        |         | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                                 |
-| `--push`                            | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=registry`                                                                 |
-| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                   | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=sbom`                                                                     |
-| [`--set`](#set)                     | `stringArray` |         | Override target value (e.g., `targetpattern.key=value`)                                                      |
+| Name                                | Type          | Default | Description                                                                                         |
+|:------------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `--allow`                           | `stringArray` |         | Allow build to access specified resources                                                           |
+| [`--builder`](#builder)             | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
+| [`--call`](#call)                   | `string`      | `build` | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                     |
+| [`--check`](#check)                 | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                        |
+| `-D`, `--debug`                     | `bool`        |         | Enable debug logging                                                                                |
+| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file)    | `stringArray` |         | Build definition file                                                                               |
+| `--load`                            | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=docker`                                                          |
+| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file) | `string`      |         | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
+| [`--no-cache`](#no-cache)           | `bool`        |         | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
+| [`--print`](#print)                 | `bool`        |         | Print the options without building                                                                  |
+| [`--progress`](#progress)           | `string`      | `auto`  | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
+| [`--provenance`](#provenance)       | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=provenance`                                                      |
+| [`--pull`](#pull)                   | `bool`        |         | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
+| `--push`                            | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=registry`                                                        |
+| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                   | `string`      |         | Shorthand for `--set=*.attest=type=sbom`                                                            |
+| [`--set`](#set)                     | `stringArray` |         | Override target value (e.g., `targetpattern.key=value`)                                             |


 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -51,80 +50,6 @@ guide for introduction to writing bake files.

 ## Examples

-### <a name="allow"></a> Allow extra privileged entitlement (--allow)
-
-```text
--allow=ENTITLEMENT[=VALUE]
-```
-
-Entitlements are designed to provide controlled access to privileged
-operations. By default, Buildx and BuildKit operates with restricted
-permissions to protect users and their systems from unintended side effects or
-security risks. The `--allow` flag explicitly grants access to additional
-entitlements, making it clear when a build or bake operation requires elevated
-privileges.
-
-In addition to BuildKit's `network.host` and `security.insecure` entitlements
-(see [`docker buildx build --allow`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#allow),
-Bake supports file system entitlements that grant granular control over file
-system access. These are particularly useful when working with builds that need
-access to files outside the default working directory.
-
-Bake supports the following filesystem entitlements:
-
- `--allow fs=<path|*>` - Grant read and write access to files outside of the
-  working directory.
- `--allow fs.read=<path|*>` - Grant read access to files outside of the
-  working directory.
- `--allow fs.write=<path|*>` - Grant write access to files outside of the
-  working directory.
-
-The `fs` entitlements take a path value (relative or absolute) to a directory
-on the filesystem. Alternatively, you can pass a wildcard (`*`) to allow Bake
-to access the entire filesystem.
-
-### Example: fs.read
-
-Given the following Bake configuration, Bake would need to access the parent
-directory, relative to the Bake file.
-
-```hcl
-target "app" {
-  context = "../src"
-}
-```
-
-Assuming `docker buildx bake app` is executed in the same directory as the
-`docker-bake.hcl` file, you would need to explicitly allow Bake to read from
-the `../src` directory. In this case, the following invocations all work:
-
-```console
-$ docker buildx bake --allow fs.read=* app
-$ docker buildx bake --allow fs.read=../src app
-$ docker buildx bake --allow fs=* app
-```
-
-### Example: fs.write
-
-The following `docker-bake.hcl` file requires write access to the `/tmp`
-directory.
-
-```hcl
-target "app" {
-  output = "/tmp"
-}
-```
-
-Assuming `docker buildx bake app` is executed outside of the `/tmp` directory,
-you would need to allow the `fs.write` entitlement, either by specifying the
-path or using a wildcard:
-
-```console
-$ docker buildx bake --allow fs=/tmp app
-$ docker buildx bake --allow fs.write=/tmp app
-$ docker buildx bake --allow fs.write=* app
-```
-
 ### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)

 Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
@@ -176,42 +101,6 @@ $ docker buildx bake -f docker-bake.dev.hcl db webapp-release
 See the [Bake file reference](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/reference/)
 for more details.

-### <a name="list"></a> List targets and variables (--list)
-
-The `--list` flag displays all available targets or variables in the Bake
-configuration, along with a description (if set using the `description`
-property in the Bake file).
-
-To list all targets:
-
-```console {title="List targets"}
-$ docker buildx bake --list=targets
-TARGET              DESCRIPTION
-binaries
-default             binaries
-update-docs
-validate
-validate-golangci   Validate .golangci.yml schema (does not run Go linter)
-```
-
-To list variables:
-
-```console
-$ docker buildx bake --list=variables
-VARIABLE      VALUE                DESCRIPTION
-REGISTRY      docker.io/username   Registry and namespace
-IMAGE_NAME    my-app               Image name
-GO_VERSION    <null>
-```
-
-By default, the output of `docker buildx bake --list` is presented in a table
-format. Alternatively, you can use a long-form CSV syntax and specify a
-`format` attribute to output the list in JSON.
-
-```console
-$ docker buildx bake --list=type=targets,format=json
-```
-
 ### <a name="metadata-file"></a> Write build results metadata to a file (--metadata-file)

 Similar to [`buildx build --metadata-file`](buildx_build.md#metadata-file) but
--- a/docs/reference/buildx_build.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx_build.md
@@ -13,46 +13,46 @@ Start a build

 ### Options

-| Name                                    | Type          | Default   | Description                                                                                                  |
-|:----------------------------------------|:--------------|:----------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| [`--add-host`](#add-host)               | `stringSlice` |           | Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: `host:ip`)                                                          |
-| [`--allow`](#allow)                     | `stringSlice` |           | Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., `network.host`, `security.insecure`)                               |
-| [`--annotation`](#annotation)           | `stringArray` |           | Add annotation to the image                                                                                  |
-| [`--attest`](#attest)                   | `stringArray` |           | Attestation parameters (format: `type=sbom,generator=image`)                                                 |
-| [`--build-arg`](#build-arg)             | `stringArray` |           | Set build-time variables                                                                                     |
-| [`--build-context`](#build-context)     | `stringArray` |           | Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path)                                                                  |
-| [`--builder`](#builder)                 | `string`      |           | Override the configured builder instance                                                                     |
-| [`--cache-from`](#cache-from)           | `stringArray` |           | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`)                                |
-| [`--cache-to`](#cache-to)               | `stringArray` |           | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`)                            |
-| [`--call`](#call)                       | `string`      | `build`   | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                              |
-| [`--cgroup-parent`](#cgroup-parent)     | `string`      |           | Set the parent cgroup for the `RUN` instructions during build                                                |
-| [`--check`](#check)                     | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                                 |
-| `-D`, `--debug`                         | `bool`        |           | Enable debug logging                                                                                         |
-| `--detach`                              | `bool`        |           | Detach buildx server (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                                |
-| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file)        | `string`      |           | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`)                                                          |
-| `--iidfile`                             | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to a file                                                                                 |
-| `--label`                               | `stringArray` |           | Set metadata for an image                                                                                    |
-| [`--load`](#load)                       | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker`                                                                         |
-| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file)     | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to a file                                                                        |
-| [`--network`](#network)                 | `string`      | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build                                              |
-| `--no-cache`                            | `bool`        |           | Do not use cache when building the image                                                                     |
-| [`--no-cache-filter`](#no-cache-filter) | `stringArray` |           | Do not cache specified stages                                                                                |
-| [`-o`](#output), [`--output`](#output)  | `stringArray` |           | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`)                                                          |
-| [`--platform`](#platform)               | `stringArray` |           | Set target platform for build                                                                                |
-| [`--progress`](#progress)               | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `quiet`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
-| [`--provenance`](#provenance)           | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=provenance`                                                                     |
-| `--pull`                                | `bool`        |           | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                                 |
-| [`--push`](#push)                       | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry`                                                                       |
-| `-q`, `--quiet`                         | `bool`        |           | Suppress the build output and print image ID on success                                                      |
-| `--root`                                | `string`      |           | Specify root directory of server to connect (EXPERIMENTAL)                                                   |
-| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                       | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=sbom`                                                                           |
-| [`--secret`](#secret)                   | `stringArray` |           | Secret to expose to the build (format: `id=mysecret[,src=/local/secret]`)                                    |
-| `--server-config`                       | `string`      |           | Specify buildx server config file (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)                       |
-| [`--shm-size`](#shm-size)               | `bytes`       | `0`       | Shared memory size for build containers                                                                      |
-| [`--ssh`](#ssh)                         | `stringArray` |           | SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: `default\|<id>[=<socket>\|<key>[,<key>]]`)          |
-| [`-t`](#tag), [`--tag`](#tag)           | `stringArray` |           | Name and optionally a tag (format: `name:tag`)                                                               |
-| [`--target`](#target)                   | `string`      |           | Set the target build stage to build                                                                          |
-| [`--ulimit`](#ulimit)                   | `ulimit`      |           | Ulimit options                                                                                               |
+| Name                                    | Type          | Default   | Description                                                                                         |
+|:----------------------------------------|:--------------|:----------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| [`--add-host`](#add-host)               | `stringSlice` |           | Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: `host:ip`)                                                 |
+| [`--allow`](#allow)                     | `stringSlice` |           | Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., `network.host`, `security.insecure`)                      |
+| [`--annotation`](#annotation)           | `stringArray` |           | Add annotation to the image                                                                         |
+| [`--attest`](#attest)                   | `stringArray` |           | Attestation parameters (format: `type=sbom,generator=image`)                                        |
+| [`--build-arg`](#build-arg)             | `stringArray` |           | Set build-time variables                                                                            |
+| [`--build-context`](#build-context)     | `stringArray` |           | Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path)                                                         |
+| [`--builder`](#builder)                 | `string`      |           | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
+| [`--cache-from`](#cache-from)           | `stringArray` |           | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`)                       |
+| [`--cache-to`](#cache-to)               | `stringArray` |           | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`)                   |
+| [`--call`](#call)                       | `string`      | `build`   | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                     |
+| [`--cgroup-parent`](#cgroup-parent)     | `string`      |           | Set the parent cgroup for the `RUN` instructions during build                                       |
+| [`--check`](#check)                     | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                        |
+| `-D`, `--debug`                         | `bool`        |           | Enable debug logging                                                                                |
+| `--detach`                              | `bool`        |           | Detach buildx server (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                       |
+| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file)        | `string`      |           | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`)                                                 |
+| `--iidfile`                             | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to a file                                                                        |
+| `--label`                               | `stringArray` |           | Set metadata for an image                                                                           |
+| [`--load`](#load)                       | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker`                                                                |
+| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file)     | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
+| [`--network`](#network)                 | `string`      | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build                                     |
+| `--no-cache`                            | `bool`        |           | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
+| [`--no-cache-filter`](#no-cache-filter) | `stringArray` |           | Do not cache specified stages                                                                       |
+| [`-o`](#output), [`--output`](#output)  | `stringArray` |           | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`)                                                 |
+| [`--platform`](#platform)               | `stringArray` |           | Set target platform for build                                                                       |
+| [`--progress`](#progress)               | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
+| [`--provenance`](#provenance)           | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=provenance`                                                            |
+| `--pull`                                | `bool`        |           | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
+| [`--push`](#push)                       | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry`                                                              |
+| `-q`, `--quiet`                         | `bool`        |           | Suppress the build output and print image ID on success                                             |
+| `--root`                                | `string`      |           | Specify root directory of server to connect (EXPERIMENTAL)                                          |
+| [`--sbom`](#sbom)                       | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=sbom`                                                                  |
+| [`--secret`](#secret)                   | `stringArray` |           | Secret to expose to the build (format: `id=mysecret[,src=/local/secret]`)                           |
+| `--server-config`                       | `string`      |           | Specify buildx server config file (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)              |
+| [`--shm-size`](#shm-size)               | `bytes`       | `0`       | Shared memory size for build containers                                                             |
+| [`--ssh`](#ssh)                         | `stringArray` |           | SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: `default\|<id>[=<socket>\|<key>[,<key>]]`) |
+| [`-t`](#tag), [`--tag`](#tag)           | `stringArray` |           | Name and optionally a tag (format: `name:tag`)                                                      |
+| [`--target`](#target)                   | `string`      |           | Set the target build stage to build                                                                 |
+| [`--ulimit`](#ulimit)                   | `ulimit`      |           | Ulimit options                                                                                      |


 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ For example, the following Dockerfile contains four stages:
 ```dockerfile
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1

-FROM oven/bun:1 AS base
+FROM oven/bun:1 as base
 WORKDIR /app

 FROM base AS install
@@ -828,12 +828,8 @@ $ docker buildx build --platform=darwin .
 --progress=VALUE
 ```

-Set type of progress output. Supported values are:
- `auto` (default): Uses the `tty` mode if the client is a TTY, or `plain` otherwise
- `tty`: An interactive stream of the output with color and redrawing
- `plain`: Prints the raw build progress in a plaintext format
- `quiet`: Suppress the build output and print image ID on success (same as `--quiet`)
- `rawjson`: Prints the raw build progress as JSON lines
+Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use `plain` to show container
+output (default `auto`).

 > [!NOTE]
 > You can also use the `BUILDKIT_PROGRESS` environment variable to set its value.
@@ -916,39 +912,17 @@ For more information about how to use build secrets, see

 Supported types are:

- [`type=file`](#typefile)
- [`type=env`](#typeenv)
+- [`file`](#file)
+- [`env`](#env)

-Buildx attempts to detect the `type` automatically if unset. If an environment
-variable with the same key as `id` is set, then Buildx uses `type=env` and the
-variable value becomes the secret. If no such environment variable is set, and
-`type` is not set, then Buildx falls back to `type=file`.
+Buildx attempts to detect the `type` automatically if unset.

-#### `type=file`
+#### `file`

-Source a build secret from a file.
+Attribute keys:

-##### `type=file` synopsis
-
-```console
-$ docker buildx build --secret [type=file,]id=<ID>[,src=<FILEPATH>] .
-```
-
-##### `type=file` attributes
-
-| Key             | Description                                                                                           | Default                    |
-| --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
-| `id`            | ID of the secret.                                                                                     | N/A (this key is required) |
-| `src`, `source` | Filepath of the file containing the secret value (absolute or relative to current working directory). | `id` if unset.             |
-
-###### `type=file` usage
-
-In the following example, `type=file` is automatically detected because no
-environment variable mathing `aws` (the ID) is set.
-
-```console
-$ docker buildx build --secret id=aws,src=$HOME/.aws/credentials .
-```
+- `id` - ID of the secret. Defaults to base name of the `src` path.
+- `src`, `source` - Secret filename. `id` used if unset.

 ```dockerfile
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
@@ -958,31 +932,16 @@ RUN --mount=type=secret,id=aws,target=/root/.aws/credentials \
  aws s3 cp s3://... ...
 ```

-#### `type=env`
-
-Source a build secret from an environment variable.
-
-##### `type=env` synopsis
-
 ```console
-$ docker buildx build --secret [type=env,]id=<ID>[,env=<VARIABLE>] .
+$ docker buildx build --secret id=aws,src=$HOME/.aws/credentials .
 ```

-##### `type=env` attributes
+#### `env`

-| Key                    | Description                                     | Default                    |
-| ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
-| `id`                   | ID of the secret.                               | N/A (this key is required) |
-| `env`, `src`, `source` | Environment variable to source the secret from. | `id` if unset.             |
+Attribute keys:

-##### `type=env` usage
-
-In the following example, `type=env` is automatically detected because an
-environment variable matching `id` is set.
-
-```console
-$ SECRET_TOKEN=token docker buildx build --secret id=SECRET_TOKEN .
-```
+- `id` - ID of the secret. Defaults to `env` name.
+- `env` - Secret environment variable. `id` used if unset, otherwise will look for `src`, `source` if `id` unset.

 ```dockerfile
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
@@ -992,26 +951,10 @@ RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. \
  yarn run test
 ```

-In the following example, the build argument `SECRET_TOKEN` is set to contain
-the value of the environment variable `API_KEY`.
-
 ```console
-$ API_KEY=token docker buildx build --secret id=SECRET_TOKEN,env=API_KEY .
+$ SECRET_TOKEN=token docker buildx build --secret id=SECRET_TOKEN .
 ```

-You can also specify the name of the environment variable with `src` or `source`:
-
-```console
-$ API_KEY=token docker buildx build --secret type=env,id=SECRET_TOKEN,src=API_KEY .
-```
-
-> [!NOTE]
-> Specifying the environment variable name with `src` or `source`, you are
-> required to set `type=env` explicitly, or else Buildx assumes that the secret
-> is `type=file`, and looks for a file with the name of `src` or `source` (in
-> this case, a file named `API_KEY` relative to the location where the `docker
-> buildx build` command was executed.
-
 ### <a name="shm-size"></a> Shared memory size for build containers (--shm-size)

 Sets the size of the shared memory allocated for build containers when using
--- a/docs/reference/buildx_debug_build.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx_debug_build.md
@@ -9,46 +9,46 @@ Start a build

 ### Options

-| Name                | Type          | Default   | Description                                                                                                  |
-|:--------------------|:--------------|:----------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `--add-host`        | `stringSlice` |           | Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: `host:ip`)                                                          |
-| `--allow`           | `stringSlice` |           | Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., `network.host`, `security.insecure`)                               |
-| `--annotation`      | `stringArray` |           | Add annotation to the image                                                                                  |
-| `--attest`          | `stringArray` |           | Attestation parameters (format: `type=sbom,generator=image`)                                                 |
-| `--build-arg`       | `stringArray` |           | Set build-time variables                                                                                     |
-| `--build-context`   | `stringArray` |           | Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path)                                                                  |
-| `--builder`         | `string`      |           | Override the configured builder instance                                                                     |
-| `--cache-from`      | `stringArray` |           | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`)                                |
-| `--cache-to`        | `stringArray` |           | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`)                            |
-| `--call`            | `string`      | `build`   | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                              |
-| `--cgroup-parent`   | `string`      |           | Set the parent cgroup for the `RUN` instructions during build                                                |
-| `--check`           | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                                 |
-| `-D`, `--debug`     | `bool`        |           | Enable debug logging                                                                                         |
-| `--detach`          | `bool`        |           | Detach buildx server (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                                |
-| `-f`, `--file`      | `string`      |           | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`)                                                          |
-| `--iidfile`         | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to a file                                                                                 |
-| `--label`           | `stringArray` |           | Set metadata for an image                                                                                    |
-| `--load`            | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker`                                                                         |
-| `--metadata-file`   | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to a file                                                                        |
-| `--network`         | `string`      | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build                                              |
-| `--no-cache`        | `bool`        |           | Do not use cache when building the image                                                                     |
-| `--no-cache-filter` | `stringArray` |           | Do not cache specified stages                                                                                |
-| `-o`, `--output`    | `stringArray` |           | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`)                                                          |
-| `--platform`        | `stringArray` |           | Set target platform for build                                                                                |
-| `--progress`        | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `quiet`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
-| `--provenance`      | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=provenance`                                                                     |
-| `--pull`            | `bool`        |           | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                                 |
-| `--push`            | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry`                                                                       |
-| `-q`, `--quiet`     | `bool`        |           | Suppress the build output and print image ID on success                                                      |
-| `--root`            | `string`      |           | Specify root directory of server to connect (EXPERIMENTAL)                                                   |
-| `--sbom`            | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=sbom`                                                                           |
-| `--secret`          | `stringArray` |           | Secret to expose to the build (format: `id=mysecret[,src=/local/secret]`)                                    |
-| `--server-config`   | `string`      |           | Specify buildx server config file (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)                       |
-| `--shm-size`        | `bytes`       | `0`       | Shared memory size for build containers                                                                      |
-| `--ssh`             | `stringArray` |           | SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: `default\|<id>[=<socket>\|<key>[,<key>]]`)          |
-| `-t`, `--tag`       | `stringArray` |           | Name and optionally a tag (format: `name:tag`)                                                               |
-| `--target`          | `string`      |           | Set the target build stage to build                                                                          |
-| `--ulimit`          | `ulimit`      |           | Ulimit options                                                                                               |
+| Name                | Type          | Default   | Description                                                                                         |
+|:--------------------|:--------------|:----------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `--add-host`        | `stringSlice` |           | Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: `host:ip`)                                                 |
+| `--allow`           | `stringSlice` |           | Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., `network.host`, `security.insecure`)                      |
+| `--annotation`      | `stringArray` |           | Add annotation to the image                                                                         |
+| `--attest`          | `stringArray` |           | Attestation parameters (format: `type=sbom,generator=image`)                                        |
+| `--build-arg`       | `stringArray` |           | Set build-time variables                                                                            |
+| `--build-context`   | `stringArray` |           | Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path)                                                         |
+| `--builder`         | `string`      |           | Override the configured builder instance                                                            |
+| `--cache-from`      | `stringArray` |           | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`)                       |
+| `--cache-to`        | `stringArray` |           | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`)                   |
+| `--call`            | `string`      | `build`   | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                     |
+| `--cgroup-parent`   | `string`      |           | Set the parent cgroup for the `RUN` instructions during build                                       |
+| `--check`           | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                        |
+| `-D`, `--debug`     | `bool`        |           | Enable debug logging                                                                                |
+| `--detach`          | `bool`        |           | Detach buildx server (supported only on linux) (EXPERIMENTAL)                                       |
+| `-f`, `--file`      | `string`      |           | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`)                                                 |
+| `--iidfile`         | `string`      |           | Write the image ID to a file                                                                        |
+| `--label`           | `stringArray` |           | Set metadata for an image                                                                           |
+| `--load`            | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker`                                                                |
+| `--metadata-file`   | `string`      |           | Write build result metadata to a file                                                               |
+| `--network`         | `string`      | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build                                     |
+| `--no-cache`        | `bool`        |           | Do not use cache when building the image                                                            |
+| `--no-cache-filter` | `stringArray` |           | Do not cache specified stages                                                                       |
+| `-o`, `--output`    | `stringArray` |           | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`)                                                 |
+| `--platform`        | `stringArray` |           | Set target platform for build                                                                       |
+| `--progress`        | `string`      | `auto`    | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`, `rawjson`). Use plain to show container output |
+| `--provenance`      | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=provenance`                                                            |
+| `--pull`            | `bool`        |           | Always attempt to pull all referenced images                                                        |
+| `--push`            | `bool`        |           | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry`                                                              |
+| `-q`, `--quiet`     | `bool`        |           | Suppress the build output and print image ID on success                                             |
+| `--root`            | `string`      |           | Specify root directory of server to connect (EXPERIMENTAL)                                          |
+| `--sbom`            | `string`      |           | Shorthand for `--attest=type=sbom`                                                                  |
+| `--secret`          | `stringArray` |           | Secret to expose to the build (format: `id=mysecret[,src=/local/secret]`)                           |
+| `--server-config`   | `string`      |           | Specify buildx server config file (used only when launching new server) (EXPERIMENTAL)              |
+| `--shm-size`        | `bytes`       | `0`       | Shared memory size for build containers                                                             |
+| `--ssh`             | `stringArray` |           | SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: `default\|<id>[=<socket>\|<key>[,<key>]]`) |
+| `-t`, `--tag`       | `stringArray` |           | Name and optionally a tag (format: `name:tag`)                                                      |
+| `--target`          | `string`      |           | Set the target build stage to build                                                                 |
+| `--ulimit`          | `ulimit`      |           | Ulimit options                                                                                      |


 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
--- a/docs/reference/buildx_history.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx_history.md
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# docker buildx history
-
-<!---MARKER_GEN_START-->
-Commands to work on build records
-
-### Subcommands
-
-| Name                                   | Description                    |
-|:---------------------------------------|:-------------------------------|
-| [`inspect`](buildx_history_inspect.md) | Inspect a build                |
-| [`logs`](buildx_history_logs.md)       | Print the logs of a build      |
-| [`ls`](buildx_history_ls.md)           | List build records             |
-| [`open`](buildx_history_open.md)       | Open a build in Docker Desktop |
-| [`rm`](buildx_history_rm.md)           | Remove build records           |
-
-
-### Options
-
-| Name            | Type     | Default | Description                              |
-|:----------------|:---------|:--------|:-----------------------------------------|
-| `--builder`     | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance |
-| `-D`, `--debug` | `bool`   |         | Enable debug logging                     |
-
-
-<!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
-
--- a/docs/reference/buildx_history_inspect.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx_history_inspect.md
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# docker buildx history inspect
-
-<!---MARKER_GEN_START-->
-Inspect a build
-
-### Subcommands
-
-| Name                                                 | Description                |
-|:-----------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------|
-| [`attachment`](buildx_history_inspect_attachment.md) | Inspect a build attachment |
-
-
-### Options
-
-| Name            | Type     | Default | Description                              |
-|:----------------|:---------|:--------|:-----------------------------------------|
-| `--builder`     | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance |
-| `-D`, `--debug` | `bool`   |         | Enable debug logging                     |
-
-
-<!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
-
--- a/docs/reference/buildx_history_inspect_attachment.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx_history_inspect_attachment.md
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# docker buildx history inspect attachment
-
-<!---MARKER_GEN_START-->
-Inspect a build attachment
-
-### Options
-
-| Name            | Type     | Default | Description                              |
-|:----------------|:---------|:--------|:-----------------------------------------|
-| `--builder`     | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance |
-| `-D`, `--debug` | `bool`   |         | Enable debug logging                     |
-| `--platform`    | `string` |         | Platform of attachment                   |
-| `--type`        | `string` |         | Type of attachment                       |
-
-
-<!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
-
--- a/docs/reference/buildx_history_logs.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx_history_logs.md
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-# docker buildx history logs
-
-<!---MARKER_GEN_START-->
-Print the logs of a build
-
-### Options
-
-| Name            | Type     | Default | Description                                       |
-|:----------------|:---------|:--------|:--------------------------------------------------|
-| `--builder`     | `string` |         | Override the configured builder instance          |
-| `-D`, `--debug` | `bool`   |         | Enable debug logging                              |
-| `--progress`    | `string` | `plain` | Set type of progress output (plain, rawjson, tty) |
-
-
-<!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
-
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Tõnis Tiigi	257815a6fb	Merge pull request #2698 from tonistiigi/v0.17-cli-vendor [v0.17] update docker/cli to 48a2cdff97	2024-09-13 08:03:56 -07:00
Tõnis Tiigi	dbccfa60a7	Merge pull request #2690 from crazy-max/v0.17.1_cherry-picks [v0.17] cherry-picks for v0.17.1	2024-09-13 08:03:24 -07:00
Tonis Tiigi	59cb959195	[v0.17] update docker/cli to 48a2cdff97 Brings in fix for telemetry under WSL2 Signed-off-by: Tonis Tiigi <tonistiigi@gmail.com>	2024-09-13 07:42:49 -07:00
CrazyMax	dd0d53efd5	ci: fix golvulncheck job permissions Signed-off-by: CrazyMax <1951866+crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com> (cherry picked from commit `120578091f`)	2024-09-12 15:25:05 +02:00
CrazyMax	e8ceaad0a8	builder: do not set network.host entitlement flag if already set in buildkitd conf Signed-off-by: CrazyMax <1951866+crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com> (cherry picked from commit `617d59d70b`)	2024-09-11 22:51:10 +02:00
CrazyMax	e5a6b8e140	bake: fix missing omitempty and optional tags for network field Signed-off-by: CrazyMax <1951866+crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com> (cherry picked from commit `9fb8b04b64`)	2024-09-11 14:51:26 +02:00
CrazyMax	78c8c28cf5	Merge pull request #2681 from crazy-max/v0.17.0_update-buildkit [v0.17 backport] vendor: update buildkit to v0.16.0	2024-09-10 18:40:29 +02:00
CrazyMax	4173281da3	vendor: update buildkit to v0.16.0 Signed-off-by: CrazyMax <1951866+crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com> (cherry picked from commit `8201d301d5`)	2024-09-10 18:19:31 +02:00