Merge pull request #1018 from tonistiigi/v0.8-compose-target-dot

[v0.8] bake: allow dot in target names for compose

.dockerignore

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 bin/
 cross-out/
-release-out/
+release-out/

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -15,158 +15,34 @@ on:
 
 env:
   REPO_SLUG: "docker/buildx-bin"
-  REPO_SLUG_ORIGIN: "moby/buildkit:master"
+  RELEASE_OUT: "./release-out"
-  CACHEKEY_BINARIES: "binaries"
-  PLATFORMS: "linux/amd64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/s390x,linux/ppc64le,linux/riscv64"
 
 jobs:
-  base:
+  build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       -
         name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      -
-        name: Cache ${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-
       -
         name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
       -
         name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
-        with:
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.REPO_SLUG_ORIGIN }}
-      -
-        name: Build ${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-        run: |
-          ./hack/build_ci_first_pass binaries
-        env:
-          CACHEDIR_FROM: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-          CACHEDIR_TO: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-new
-      -
-        # FIXME: Temp fix for https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/1850
-        name: Move cache
-        run: |
-          rm -rf /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-          mv /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-new /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [base]
-    steps:
-      -
-        name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      -
-        name: Cache ${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-
-      -
-        name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
-      -
-        name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
-        with:
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.REPO_SLUG_ORIGIN }}
       -
         name: Test
         run: |
           make test
-        env:
-          TEST_COVERAGE: 1
-          TESTFLAGS: -v --parallel=6 --timeout=20m
-          CACHEDIR_FROM: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
       -
         name: Send to Codecov
         uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
         with:
           file: ./coverage/coverage.txt
-
-  cross:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [base]
-    steps:
       -
-        name: Checkout
+        name: Build binaries
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      -
-        name: Cache ${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-
-      -
-        name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
-      -
-        name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
-        with:
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.REPO_SLUG_ORIGIN }}
-      -
-        name: Cross
         run: |
-          make cross
+          make release
-        env:
-          TARGETPLATFORM: ${{ env.PLATFORMS }},darwin/amd64,darwin/arm64,windows/amd64,windows/arm64
-          CACHEDIR_FROM: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-
-  binaries:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [test, cross]
-    env:
-      RELEASE_OUT: ./release-out
-    steps:
-      -
-        name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      -
-        name: Prepare
-        id: prep
-        run: |
-          TAG=pr
-          if [[ $GITHUB_REF == refs/tags/v* ]]; then
-            TAG=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
-          elif [[ $GITHUB_REF == refs/heads/* ]]; then
-            TAG=$(echo ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/} | sed -r 's#/+#-#g')
-          fi
-          echo ::set-output name=tag::${TAG}
-      -
-        name: Cache ${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}-
-      -
-        name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
-      -
-        name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
-        with:
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.REPO_SLUG_ORIGIN }}
-      -
-        name: Build ${{ steps.prep.outputs.tag }}
-        run: |
-          ./hack/release ${{ env.RELEASE_OUT }}
-        env:
-          PLATFORMS: ${{ env.PLATFORMS }},darwin/amd64,darwin/arm64,windows/amd64,windows/arm64
-          CACHEDIR_FROM: /tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
       -
         name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
@@ -185,6 +61,7 @@ jobs:
             type=ref,event=branch
             type=ref,event=pr
             type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+          bake-target: meta-helper
       -
         name: Login to DockerHub
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
@@ -194,15 +71,13 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       -
         name: Build and push image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v1
         with:
-          context: .
+          files: |
-          target: binaries
+            ./docker-bake.hcl
+            ${{ steps.meta.outputs.bake-file }}
+          targets: image-cross
           push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
-          cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache/${{ env.CACHEKEY_BINARIES }}
-          platforms: ${{ env.PLATFORMS }},darwin/amd64,darwin/arm64,windows/amd64,windows/arm64
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
       -
         name: GitHub Release
         if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
@@ -212,4 +87,26 @@ jobs:
         with:
           draft: true
           files: ${{ env.RELEASE_OUT }}/*
-          name: ${{ steps.prep.outputs.tag }}
+
+  buildkit-edge:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      -
+        name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+      -
+        name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
+        with:
+          driver-opts: image=moby/buildkit:master
+          buildkitd-flags: --debug
+      -
+        # Just run a bake target to check eveything runs fine
+        name: Build
+        uses: docker/bake-action@v1
+        with:
+          targets: binaries-cross

.github/workflows/e2e.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+name: e2e
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - 'v[0-9]*'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'
+      - 'v[0-9]*'
+
+jobs:
+  driver:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        driver:
+          - docker
+          - docker-container
+          - kubernetes
+        buildkit:
+          - moby/buildkit:buildx-stable-1
+          - moby/buildkit:master
+        buildkit-cfg:
+          - bkcfg-false
+          - bkcfg-true
+        multi-node:
+          - mnode-false
+          - mnode-true
+        platforms:
+          - linux/amd64
+          - linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+        include:
+          - driver: kubernetes
+            driver-opt: qemu.install=true
+        exclude:
+          - driver: docker
+            multi-node: mnode-true
+          - driver: docker
+            buildkit-cfg: bkcfg-true
+          - driver: docker-container
+            multi-node: mnode-true
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      -
+        name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+        if: matrix.driver == 'docker' || matrix.driver == 'docker-container'
+      -
+        name: Install buildx
+        run: |
+          make install
+          docker buildx version
+      -
+        name: Init env vars
+        run: |
+          # BuildKit cfg
+          if [ "${{ matrix.buildkit-cfg }}" = "bkcfg-true" ]; then
+            cat > "/tmp/buildkitd.toml" <<EOL
+          [worker.oci]
+            max-parallelism = 2
+          EOL
+            echo "BUILDKIT_CFG=/tmp/buildkitd.toml" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+          # Multi node
+          if [ "${{ matrix.multi-node }}" = "mnode-true" ]; then
+            echo "MULTI_NODE=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          else
+            echo "MULTI_NODE=0" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+      -
+        name: Install k3s
+        if: matrix.driver == 'kubernetes'
+        uses: debianmaster/actions-k3s@v1.0.3
+        id: k3s
+        with:
+          version: v1.21.2-k3s1
+      -
+        name: Config k3s
+        if: matrix.driver == 'kubernetes'
+        run: |
+          (set -x ; cat ${{ steps.k3s.outputs.kubeconfig }})
+      -
+        name: Check k3s nodes
+        if: matrix.driver == 'kubernetes'
+        run: |
+          kubectl get nodes
+      -
+        name: Test
+        run: |
+          make test-driver
+        env:
+          BUILDKIT_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.buildkit }}
+          DRIVER: ${{ matrix.driver }}
+          DRIVER_OPT: ${{ matrix.driver-opt }}
+          PLATFORMS: ${{ matrix.platforms }}

.github/workflows/validate.yml

@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ on:
       - 'master'
       - 'v[0-9]*'
 
-env:
-  REPO_SLUG_ORIGIN: "moby/buildkit:master"
-
 jobs:
   validate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -30,12 +27,22 @@ jobs:
       -
         name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      -
-        name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
-        with:
-          driver-opts: image=${{ env.REPO_SLUG_ORIGIN }}
       -
         name: Run
         run: |
           make ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+  validate-docs-yaml:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - validate
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      -
+        name: Run
+        run: |
+          make docs
+        env:
+          FORMATS: yaml

.mailmap

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 # This file lists all individuals having contributed content to the repository.
-# For how it is generated, see `hack/generate-authors`.
+# For how it is generated, see hack/dockerfiles/authors.Dockerfile.
 
+CrazyMax <github@crazymax.dev>
+CrazyMax <github@crazymax.dev> <1951866+crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com>
+CrazyMax <github@crazymax.dev> <crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com>
+Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>
+Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl> <thaJeztah@users.noreply.github.com>
 Tibor Vass <tibor@docker.com>
 Tibor Vass <tibor@docker.com> <tiborvass@users.noreply.github.com>
 Tõnis Tiigi <tonistiigi@gmail.com>
+Ulysses Souza <ulyssessouza@gmail.com>
+Wang Jinglei <morlay.null@gmail.com>

AUTHORS

@@ -1,7 +1,45 @@
 # This file lists all individuals having contributed content to the repository.
-# For how it is generated, see `scripts/generate-authors.sh`.
+# For how it is generated, see hack/dockerfiles/authors.Dockerfile.
 
+Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
+Alex Couture-Beil <alex@earthly.dev>
+Andrew Haines <andrew.haines@zencargo.com>
+Andy MacKinlay <admackin@users.noreply.github.com>
+Anthony Poschen <zanven42@gmail.com>
+Artur Klauser <Artur.Klauser@computer.org>
+Batuhan Apaydın <developerguy2@gmail.com>
 Bin Du <bindu@microsoft.com>
+Brandon Philips <brandon@ifup.org>
 Brian Goff <cpuguy83@gmail.com>
+CrazyMax <github@crazymax.dev>
+dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+Devin Bayer <dev@doubly.so>
+Djordje Lukic <djordje.lukic@docker.com>
+Dmytro Makovey <dmytro.makovey@docker.com>
+Donghui Wang <977675308@qq.com>
+faust <faustin@fala.red>
+Felipe Santos <felipecassiors@gmail.com>
+Fernando Miguel <github@FernandoMiguel.net>
+gfrancesco <gfrancesco@users.noreply.github.com>
+gracenoah <gracenoahgh@gmail.com>
+Hollow Man <hollowman@hollowman.ml>
+Ilya Dmitrichenko <errordeveloper@gmail.com>
+Jack Laxson <jackjrabbit@gmail.com>
+Jean-Yves Gastaud <jygastaud@gmail.com>
+khs1994 <khs1994@khs1994.com>
+Kotaro Adachi <k33asby@gmail.com>
+l00397676 <lujingxiao@huawei.com>
+Michal Augustyn <michal.augustyn@mail.com>
+Patrick Van Stee <patrick@vanstee.me>
+Saul Shanabrook <s.shanabrook@gmail.com>
+Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>
+SHIMA Tatsuya <ts1s1andn@gmail.com>
+Silvin Lubecki <silvin.lubecki@docker.com>
+Solomon Hykes <sh.github.6811@hykes.org>
+Sune Keller <absukl@almbrand.dk>
 Tibor Vass <tibor@docker.com>
 Tõnis Tiigi <tonistiigi@gmail.com>
+Ulysses Souza <ulyssessouza@gmail.com>
+Wang Jinglei <morlay.null@gmail.com>
+Xiang Dai <764524258@qq.com>
+zelahi <elahi.zuhayr@gmail.com>

Dockerfile

@@ -1,24 +1,16 @@
-# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.2
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.3
 
-ARG DOCKERD_VERSION=19.03
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.17
-ARG CLI_VERSION=19.03
+ARG DOCKERD_VERSION=20.10.8
 
 FROM docker:$DOCKERD_VERSION AS dockerd-release
 
 # xx is a helper for cross-compilation
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM tonistiigi/xx@sha256:21a61be4744f6531cb5f33b0e6f40ede41fa3a1b8c82d5946178f80cc84bfc04 AS xx
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM tonistiigi/xx:1.0.0 AS xx
 
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.16-alpine AS golatest
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine AS golatest
 
-FROM golatest AS go-linux
+FROM golatest AS gobase
-FROM golatest AS go-darwin
-FROM golatest AS go-windows-amd64
-FROM golatest AS go-windows-386
-FROM golatest AS go-windows-arm
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.17beta1-alpine AS go-windows-arm64
-FROM go-windows-${TARGETARCH} AS go-windows
-
-FROM go-${TARGETOS} AS gobase
 COPY --from=xx / /
 RUN apk add --no-cache file git
 ENV GOFLAGS=-mod=vendor
@@ -32,25 +24,24 @@ RUN --mount=target=. \
 
 FROM gobase AS buildx-build
 ENV CGO_ENABLED=0
+ARG LDFLAGS="-w -s"
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
-RUN --mount=target=. --mount=target=/root/.cache,type=cache \
+RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. \
-  --mount=target=/go/pkg/mod,type=cache \
+  --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache \
-  --mount=source=/tmp/.ldflags,target=/tmp/.ldflags,from=buildx-version \
+  --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
-  set -x; xx-go build -ldflags "$(cat /tmp/.ldflags)" -o /usr/bin/buildx ./cmd/buildx && \
+  --mount=type=bind,source=/tmp/.ldflags,target=/tmp/.ldflags,from=buildx-version \
+  set -x; xx-go build -ldflags "$(cat /tmp/.ldflags) ${LDFLAGS}" -o /usr/bin/buildx ./cmd/buildx && \
   xx-verify --static /usr/bin/buildx
 
-FROM buildx-build AS integration-tests
+FROM buildx-build AS test
-COPY . .
+RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. \
+  --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache \
+  --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+  go test -v -coverprofile=/tmp/coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ./... && \
+  go tool cover -func=/tmp/coverage.txt
 
-# FROM golang:1.12-alpine AS docker-cli-build
+FROM scratch AS test-coverage
-# RUN apk add -U git bash coreutils gcc musl-dev
+COPY --from=test /tmp/coverage.txt /coverage.txt
-# ENV CGO_ENABLED=0
-# ARG REPO=github.com/tiborvass/cli
-# ARG BRANCH=cli-plugin-aliases
-# ARG CLI_VERSION
-# WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/docker/cli
-# RUN git clone git://$REPO . && git checkout $BRANCH
-# RUN ./scripts/build/binary
 
 FROM scratch AS binaries-unix
 COPY --from=buildx-build /usr/bin/buildx /
@@ -63,28 +54,29 @@ COPY --from=buildx-build /usr/bin/buildx /buildx.exe
 
 FROM binaries-$TARGETOS AS binaries
 
+# Release
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM alpine AS releaser
 WORKDIR /work
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 RUN --mount=from=binaries \
-  --mount=source=/tmp/.version,target=/tmp/.version,from=buildx-version \
+  --mount=type=bind,source=/tmp/.version,target=/tmp/.version,from=buildx-version \
   mkdir -p /out && cp buildx* "/out/buildx-$(cat /tmp/.version).$(echo $TARGETPLATFORM | sed 's/\//-/g')$(ls buildx* | sed -e 's/^buildx//')"
 
 FROM scratch AS release
 COPY --from=releaser /out/ /
 
-FROM alpine AS demo-env
+# Shell
+FROM docker:$DOCKERD_VERSION AS dockerd-release
+FROM alpine AS shell
 RUN apk add --no-cache iptables tmux git vim less openssh
 RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins && ln -s /usr/local/bin/buildx /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
 COPY ./hack/demo-env/entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin
 COPY ./hack/demo-env/tmux.conf /root/.tmux.conf
 COPY --from=dockerd-release /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin
-#COPY --from=docker-cli-build /go/src/github.com/docker/cli/build/docker /usr/local/bin
-
 WORKDIR /work
 COPY ./hack/demo-env/examples .
 COPY --from=binaries / /usr/local/bin/
 VOLUME /var/lib/docker
 ENTRYPOINT ["entrypoint.sh"]
 
-FROM binaries
+FROM binaries

Makefile

@@ -1,32 +1,51 @@
+ifneq (, $(BUILDX_BIN))
+	export BUILDX_CMD = $(BUILDX_BIN)
+else ifneq (, $(shell docker buildx version))
+	export BUILDX_CMD = docker buildx
+else ifneq (, $(shell which buildx))
+	export BUILDX_CMD = $(which buildx)
+else
+	$(error "Buildx is required: https://github.com/docker/buildx#installing")
+endif
+
+export BIN_OUT = ./bin
+export RELEASE_OUT = ./release-out
+
 shell:
 	./hack/shell
 
 binaries:
-	./hack/binaries
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake binaries
 
 binaries-cross:
-	EXPORT_LOCAL=cross-out ./hack/cross
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake binaries-cross
-
-cross:
-	./hack/cross
 
 install: binaries
 	mkdir -p ~/.docker/cli-plugins
 	install bin/buildx ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
 
+release:
+	./hack/release
+
+validate-all: lint test validate-vendor validate-docs
+
 lint:
-	./hack/lint
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake lint
 
 test:
-	./hack/test
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake test
 
 validate-vendor:
-	./hack/validate-vendor
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-vendor
-	
+
 validate-docs:
-	./hack/validate-docs
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-docs
-	
+
-validate-all: lint test validate-vendor validate-docs
+validate-authors:
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake validate-authors
+
+test-driver:
+	./hack/test-driver
 
 vendor:
 	./hack/update-vendor
@@ -34,7 +53,10 @@ vendor:
 docs:
 	./hack/update-docs
 
-generate-authors:
+authors:
-	./hack/generate-authors
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake update-authors
 
-.PHONY: vendor lint shell binaries install binaries-cross validate-all generate-authors validate-docs docs
+mod-outdated:
+	$(BUILDX_CMD) bake mod-outdated
+
+.PHONY: shell binaries binaries-cross install release validate-all lint validate-vendor validate-docs validate-authors vendor docs authors

README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 # buildx
 
-[![PkgGoDev](https://img.shields.io/badge/go.dev-docs-007d9c?logo=go&logoColor=white)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/docker/buildx)
+[![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/docker/buildx.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/docker/buildx/releases/latest)
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/docker/buildx/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/docker/buildx/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild)
+[![PkgGoDev](https://img.shields.io/badge/go.dev-docs-007d9c?style=flat-square&logo=go&logoColor=white)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/docker/buildx)
-[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/docker/buildx)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/docker/buildx)
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/docker/buildx/build?label=build&logo=github&style=flat-square)](https://github.com/docker/buildx/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild)
-[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/docker/buildx/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/docker/buildx)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/docker/buildx?style=flat-square)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/docker/buildx)
+[![codecov](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/docker/buildx?logo=codecov&style=flat-square)](https://codecov.io/gh/docker/buildx)
 
-`buildx` is a Docker CLI plugin for extended build capabilities with [BuildKit](https://github.com/moby/buildkit).
+`buildx` is a Docker CLI plugin for extended build capabilities with
+[BuildKit](https://github.com/moby/buildkit).
 
 Key features:
 
@@ -20,74 +22,134 @@ Key features:
 # Table of Contents
 
 - [Installing](#installing)
-  - [Docker](#docker)
+  - [Windows and macOS](#windows-and-macos)
-  - [Binary release](#binary-release)
+  - [Linux packages](#linux-packages)
-  - [From `Dockerfile`](#from-dockerfile)
+  - [Manual download](#manual-download)
+  - [Dockerfile](#dockerfile)
+- [Set buildx as the default builder](#set-buildx-as-the-default-builder)
 - [Building](#building)
-  - [with Docker 18.09+](#with-docker-1809)
-  - [with buildx or Docker 19.03](#with-buildx-or-docker-1903)
 - [Getting started](#getting-started)
   - [Building with buildx](#building-with-buildx)
   - [Working with builder instances](#working-with-builder-instances)
   - [Building multi-platform images](#building-multi-platform-images)
   - [High-level build options](#high-level-build-options)
-- [Documentation](docs/reference)
+- [Guides](docs/guides)
-  - [`buildx build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -`](docs/reference/buildx_build.md)
+  - [CI/CD](docs/guides/cicd.md)
-  - [`buildx create [OPTIONS] [CONTEXT|ENDPOINT]`](docs/reference/buildx_create.md)
+  - [CNI networking](docs/guides/cni-networking.md)
-  - [`buildx use NAME`](docs/reference/buildx_use.md)
+  - [Registry mirror](docs/guides/registry-mirror.md)
-  - [`buildx inspect [NAME]`](docs/reference/buildx_inspect.md)
+  - [Resource limiting](docs/guides/resource-limiting.md)
+  - [Using a custom network](docs/guides/custom-network.md)
+  - [Using a custom registry configuration](docs/guides/custom-registry-config.md)
+- [Reference](docs/reference/buildx.md)
+  - [`buildx bake`](docs/reference/buildx_bake.md)
+  - [`buildx build`](docs/reference/buildx_build.md)
+  - [`buildx create`](docs/reference/buildx_create.md)
+  - [`buildx du`](docs/reference/buildx_du.md)
+  - [`buildx imagetools`](docs/reference/buildx_imagetools.md)
+    - [`buildx imagetools create`](docs/reference/buildx_imagetools_create.md)
+    - [`buildx imagetools inspect`](docs/reference/buildx_imagetools_inspect.md)
+  - [`buildx inspect`](docs/reference/buildx_inspect.md)
+  - [`buildx install`](docs/reference/buildx_install.md)
   - [`buildx ls`](docs/reference/buildx_ls.md)
-  - [`buildx stop [NAME]`](docs/reference/buildx_stop.md)
+  - [`buildx prune`](docs/reference/buildx_prune.md)
-  - [`buildx rm [NAME]`](docs/reference/buildx_rm.md)
+  - [`buildx rm`](docs/reference/buildx_rm.md)
-  - [`buildx bake [OPTIONS] [TARGET...]`](docs/reference/buildx_bake.md)
+  - [`buildx stop`](docs/reference/buildx_stop.md)
-  - [`buildx imagetools create [OPTIONS] [SOURCE] [SOURCE...]`](docs/reference/buildx_imagetools_create.md)
+  - [`buildx uninstall`](docs/reference/buildx_uninstall.md)
-  - [`buildx imagetools inspect NAME`](docs/reference/buildx_imagetools_inspect.md)
+  - [`buildx use`](docs/reference/buildx_use.md)
-- [Setting buildx as default builder in Docker 19.03+](#setting-buildx-as-default-builder-in-docker-1903)
+  - [`buildx version`](docs/reference/buildx_version.md)
 - [Contributing](#contributing)
 
-
 # Installing
 
-Using `buildx` as a docker CLI plugin requires using Docker 19.03 or newer. A limited set of functionality works with older versions of Docker when invoking the binary directly.
+Using `buildx` as a docker CLI plugin requires using Docker 19.03 or newer.
+A limited set of functionality works with older versions of Docker when
+invoking the binary directly.
 
-### Docker
+## Windows and macOS
 
-`buildx` comes bundled with Docker Desktop and in latest Docker CE packages, but may not be included in all Linux distros (in which case follow the binary release instructions).
+Docker Buildx is included in [Docker Desktop](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/)
+for Windows and macOS.
 
-### Binary release
+## Linux packages
 
-Download the latest binary release from https://github.com/docker/buildx/releases/latest and copy it to `~/.docker/cli-plugins` folder with name `docker-buildx`.
+Docker Linux packages also include Docker Buildx when installed using the
+[DEB or RPM packages](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/).
 
-Change the permission to execute:
+## Manual download
-```sh
-chmod a+x ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
-```
 
-### From `Dockerfile`
+> **Important**
+>
+> This section is for unattended installation of the buildx component. These
+> instructions are mostly suitable for testing purposes. We do not recommend
+> installing buildx using manual download in production environments as they
+> will not be updated automatically with security updates.
+>
+> On Windows and macOS, we recommend that you install [Docker Desktop](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/)
+> instead. For Linux, we recommend that you follow the [instructions specific for your distribution](#linux-packages).
 
-Here is how to use buildx inside a Dockerfile through the [`docker/buildx-bin`](https://hub.docker.com/r/docker/buildx-bin) image:
+You can also download the latest binary from the [GitHub releases page](https://github.com/docker/buildx/releases/latest).
+
+Rename the relevant binary and copy it to the destination matching your OS:
+
+| OS       | Binary name          | Destination folder                       |
+| -------- | -------------------- | -----------------------------------------|
+| Linux    | `docker-buildx`      | `$HOME/.docker/cli-plugins`              |
+| macOS    | `docker-buildx`      | `$HOME/.docker/cli-plugins`              |
+| Windows  | `docker-buildx.exe`  | `%USERPROFILE%\.docker\cli-plugins`      |
+
+Or copy it into one of these folders for installing it system-wide.
+
+On Unix environments:
+
+* `/usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins` OR `/usr/local/libexec/docker/cli-plugins`
+* `/usr/lib/docker/cli-plugins` OR `/usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins`
+
+On Windows:
+
+* `C:\ProgramData\Docker\cli-plugins`
+* `C:\Program Files\Docker\cli-plugins`
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> On Unix environments, it may also be necessary to make it executable with `chmod +x`:
+> ```shell
+> $ chmod +x ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
+> ```
+
+## Dockerfile
+
+Here is how to install and use Buildx inside a Dockerfile through the
+[`docker/buildx-bin`](https://hub.docker.com/r/docker/buildx-bin) image:
 
 ```Dockerfile
 FROM docker
-COPY --from=docker/buildx-bin:latest /buildx /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
+COPY --from=docker/buildx-bin /buildx /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
 RUN docker buildx version
 ```
 
+# Set buildx as the default builder
+
+Running the command [`docker buildx install`](docs/reference/buildx_install.md)
+sets up docker builder command as an alias to `docker buildx build`. This
+results in the ability to have `docker build` use the current buildx builder.
+
+To remove this alias, run [`docker buildx uninstall`](docs/reference/buildx_uninstall.md).
 
 # Building
 
+```console
+# Buildx 0.6+
+$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/docker/buildx.git"
+$ mkdir -p ~/.docker/cli-plugins
+$ mv ./bin/buildx ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
 
-### with buildx or Docker 19.03+
+# Docker 19.03+
-```
+$ DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build --platform=local -o . "https://github.com/docker/buildx.git"
-$ export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1
-$ docker build --platform=local -o . git://github.com/docker/buildx
 $ mkdir -p ~/.docker/cli-plugins
 $ mv buildx ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
-```
 
-### with Docker 18.09+
+# Local 
-```
+$ git clone https://github.com/docker/buildx.git && cd buildx
-$ git clone git://github.com/docker/buildx && cd buildx
 $ make install
 ```
 
@@ -95,65 +157,151 @@ $ make install
 
 ## Building with buildx
 
-Buildx is a Docker CLI plugin that extends the `docker build` command with the full support of the features provided by [Moby BuildKit](https://github.com/moby/buildkit) builder toolkit. It provides the same user experience as `docker build` with many new features like creating scoped builder instances and building against multiple nodes concurrently.
+Buildx is a Docker CLI plugin that extends the `docker build` command with the
+full support of the features provided by [Moby BuildKit](https://github.com/moby/buildkit)
+builder toolkit. It provides the same user experience as `docker build` with
+many new features like creating scoped builder instances and building against
+multiple nodes concurrently.
 
-After installation, buildx can be accessed through the `docker buildx` command with Docker 19.03.  `docker buildx build` is the command for starting a new build. With Docker versions older than 19.03 buildx binary can be called directly to access the `docker buildx` subcommands.
+After installation, buildx can be accessed through the `docker buildx` command
+with Docker 19.03.  `docker buildx build` is the command for starting a new
+build. With Docker versions older than 19.03 buildx binary can be called
+directly to access the `docker buildx` subcommands.
 
-```
+```console
 $ docker buildx build .
 [+] Building 8.4s (23/32)
  => ...
 ```
 
+Buildx will always build using the BuildKit engine and does not require
+`DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1` environment variable for starting builds.
 
-Buildx will always build using the BuildKit engine and does not require `DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1` environment variable for starting builds.
+The `docker buildx build` command supports features available for `docker build`,
+including features such as outputs configuration, inline build caching, and
+specifying target platform. In addition, Buildx also supports new features that
+are not yet available for regular `docker build` like building manifest lists,
+distributed caching, and exporting build results to OCI image tarballs.
 
-Buildx build command supports the features available for `docker build` including the new features in Docker 19.03 such as outputs configuration, inline build caching or specifying target platform. In addition, buildx supports new features not yet available for regular `docker build` like building manifest lists, distributed caching, exporting build results to OCI image tarballs etc.
+Buildx is supposed to be flexible and can be run in different configurations
-
+that are exposed through a driver concept. Currently, we support a
-Buildx is supposed to be flexible and can be run in different configurations that are exposed through a driver concept. Currently, we support a "docker" driver that uses the BuildKit library bundled into the Docker daemon binary, and a "docker-container" driver that automatically launches BuildKit inside a Docker container. We plan to add more drivers in the future, for example, one that would allow running buildx inside an (unprivileged) container.
+[`docker` driver](docs/reference/buildx_create.md#docker-driver) that uses
-
+the BuildKit library bundled into the Docker daemon binary, a
-The user experience of using buildx is very similar across drivers, but there are some features that are not currently supported by the "docker" driver, because the BuildKit library bundled into docker daemon currently uses a different storage component. In contrast, all images built with "docker" driver are automatically added to the "docker images" view by default, whereas when using other drivers the method for outputting an image needs to be selected with `--output`.
+[`docker-container` driver](docs/reference/buildx_create.md#docker-container-driver)
+that automatically launches BuildKit inside a Docker container and a
+[`kubernetes` driver](docs/reference/buildx_create.md#kubernetes-driver) to
+spin up pods with defined BuildKit container image to build your images. We
+plan to add more drivers in the future.
 
+The user experience of using buildx is very similar across drivers, but there
+are some features that are not currently supported by the `docker` driver,
+because the BuildKit library bundled into docker daemon currently uses a
+different storage component. In contrast, all images built with `docker` driver
+are automatically added to the `docker images` view by default, whereas when
+using other drivers the method for outputting an image needs to be selected
+with `--output`.
 
 ## Working with builder instances
 
-By default, buildx will initially use the "docker" driver if it is supported, providing a very similar user experience to the native `docker build`. But using a local shared daemon is only one way to build your applications.
+By default, buildx will initially use the `docker` driver if it is supported,
+providing a very similar user experience to the native `docker build`. Note that
+you must use a local shared daemon to build your applications.
 
-Buildx allows you to create new instances of isolated builders. This can be used for getting a scoped environment for your CI builds that does not change the state of the shared daemon or for isolating the builds for different projects. You can create a new instance for a set of remote nodes, forming a build farm, and quickly switch between them.
+Buildx allows you to create new instances of isolated builders. This can be
+used for getting a scoped environment for your CI builds that does not change
+the state of the shared daemon or for isolating the builds for different
+projects. You can create a new instance for a set of remote nodes, forming a
+build farm, and quickly switch between them.
 
-New instances can be created with `docker buildx create` command. This will create a new builder instance with a single node based on your current configuration. To use a remote node you can specify the `DOCKER_HOST` or remote context name while creating the new builder. After creating a new instance you can manage its lifecycle with the `inspect`, `stop` and `rm` commands and list all available builders with `ls`. After creating a new builder you can also append new nodes to it.
+You can create new instances using the [`docker buildx create`](docs/reference/buildx_create.md)
+command. This creates a new builder instance with a single node based on your
+current configuration.
 
-To switch between different builders, use `docker buildx use <name>`. After running this command the build commands would automatically keep using this builder.
+To use a remote node you can specify the `DOCKER_HOST` or the remote context name
+while creating the new builder. After creating a new instance, you can manage its
+lifecycle using the [`docker buildx inspect`](docs/reference/buildx_inspect.md),
+[`docker buildx stop`](docs/reference/buildx_stop.md), and
+[`docker buildx rm`](docs/reference/buildx_rm.md) commands. To list all
+available builders, use [`buildx ls`](docs/reference/buildx_ls.md). After
+creating a new builder you can also append new nodes to it.
 
-Docker 19.03 also features a new `docker context` command that can be used for giving names for remote Docker API endpoints. Buildx integrates with `docker context` so that all of your contexts automatically get a default builder instance. While creating a new builder instance or when adding a node to it you can also set the context name as the target.
+To switch between different builders, use [`docker buildx use <name>`](docs/reference/buildx_use.md).
+After running this command, the build commands will automatically use this
+builder.
+
+Docker also features a [`docker context`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/context/)
+command that can be used for giving names for remote Docker API endpoints.
+Buildx integrates with `docker context` so that all of your contexts
+automatically get a default builder instance. While creating a new builder
+instance or when adding a node to it you can also set the context name as the
+target.
 
 ## Building multi-platform images
 
-BuildKit is designed to work well for building for multiple platforms and not only for the architecture and operating system that the user invoking the build happens to run.
+BuildKit is designed to work well for building for multiple platforms and not
+only for the architecture and operating system that the user invoking the build
+happens to run.
 
-When invoking a build, the `--platform` flag can be used to specify the target platform for the build output, (e.g. linux/amd64, linux/arm64, darwin/amd64). When the current builder instance is backed by the "docker-container" driver, multiple platforms can be specified together. In this case, a manifest list will be built, containing images for all of the specified architectures. When this image is used in `docker run` or `docker service`, Docker will pick the correct image based on the node’s platform.
+When you invoke a build, you can set the `--platform` flag to specify the target
+platform for the build output, (for example, `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`, or
+`darwin/amd64`).
 
-Multi-platform images can be built by mainly three different strategies that are all supported by buildx and Dockerfiles. You can use the QEMU emulation support in the kernel, build on multiple native nodes using the same builder instance or use a stage in Dockerfile to cross-compile to different architectures.
+When the current builder instance is backed by the `docker-container` or 
+`kubernetes` driver, you can specify multiple platforms together. In this case,
+it builds a manifest list which contains images for all specified architectures.
+When you use this image in [`docker run`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/)
+or [`docker service`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/service/),
+Docker picks the correct image based on the node's platform.
 
-QEMU is the easiest way to get started if your node already supports it (e.g. if you are using Docker Desktop). It requires no changes to your Dockerfile and BuildKit will automatically detect the secondary architectures that are available. When BuildKit needs to run a binary for a different architecture it will automatically load it through a binary registered in the binfmt_misc handler. For QEMU binaries registered with binfmt_misc on the host OS to work transparently inside containers they must be registered with the fix_binary flag. This requires a kernel >= 4.8 and binfmt-support >= 2.1.7. You can check for proper registration by checking if `F` is among the flags in `/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-*`. While Docker Desktop comes preconfigured with binfmt_misc support for additional platforms, for other installations it likely needs to be installed using [`tonistiigi/binfmt`](https://github.com/tonistiigi/binfmt) image.
+You can build multi-platform images using three different strategies that are
+supported by Buildx and Dockerfiles:
 
-```
+1. Using the QEMU emulation support in the kernel
+2. Building on multiple native nodes using the same builder instance
+3. Using a stage in Dockerfile to cross-compile to different architectures
+
+QEMU is the easiest way to get started if your node already supports it (for
+example. if you are using Docker Desktop). It requires no changes to your
+Dockerfile and BuildKit automatically detects the secondary architectures that
+are available. When BuildKit needs to run a binary for a different architecture,
+it automatically loads it through a binary registered in the `binfmt_misc`
+handler.
+
+For QEMU binaries registered with `binfmt_misc` on the host OS to work
+transparently inside containers they must be registered with the `fix_binary`
+flag. This requires a kernel >= 4.8 and binfmt-support >= 2.1.7. You can check
+for proper registration by checking if `F` is among the flags in
+`/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-*`. While Docker Desktop comes preconfigured
+with `binfmt_misc` support for additional platforms, for other installations
+it likely needs to be installed using [`tonistiigi/binfmt`](https://github.com/tonistiigi/binfmt)
+image.
+
+```console
 $ docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install all
 ```
 
-Using multiple native nodes provides better support for more complicated cases not handled by QEMU and generally have better performance. Additional nodes can be added to the builder instance with `--append` flag.
+Using multiple native nodes provide better support for more complicated cases
+that are not handled by QEMU and generally have better performance. You can
+add additional nodes to the builder instance using the `--append` flag.
 
-```
+Assuming contexts `node-amd64` and `node-arm64` exist in `docker context ls`;
-# assuming contexts node-amd64 and node-arm64 exist in "docker context ls"
+
+```console
 $ docker buildx create --use --name mybuild node-amd64
 mybuild
 $ docker buildx create --append --name mybuild node-arm64
 $ docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 .
 ```
 
-Finally, depending on your project, the language that you use may have good support for cross-compilation. In that case, multi-stage builds in Dockerfiles can be effectively used to build binaries for the platform specified with `--platform` using the native architecture of the build node. List of build arguments like `BUILDPLATFORM` and `TARGETPLATFORM` are available automatically inside your Dockerfile and can be leveraged by the processes running as part of your build.
+Finally, depending on your project, the language that you use may have good
+support for cross-compilation. In that case, multi-stage builds in Dockerfiles
+can be effectively used to build binaries for the platform specified with
+`--platform` using the native architecture of the build node. A list of build
+arguments like `BUILDPLATFORM` and `TARGETPLATFORM` is available automatically
+inside your Dockerfile and can be leveraged by the processes running as part
+of your build.
 
-```
+```dockerfile
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:alpine AS build
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 ARG BUILDPLATFORM
@@ -162,25 +310,31 @@ FROM alpine
 COPY --from=build /log /log
 ```
 
+You can also use [`tonistiigi/xx`](https://github.com/tonistiigi/xx) Dockerfile
+cross-compilation helpers for more advanced use-cases.
 
 ## High-level build options
 
-Buildx also aims to provide support for higher level build concepts that go beyond invoking a single build command. We want to support building all the images in your application together and let the users define project specific reusable build flows that can then be easily invoked by anyone.
+Buildx also aims to provide support for high-level build concepts that go beyond
+invoking a single build command. We want to support building all the images in
+your application together and let the users define project specific reusable
+build flows that can then be easily invoked by anyone.
 
-BuildKit has great support for efficiently handling multiple concurrent build requests and deduplicating work. While build commands can be combined with general-purpose command runners (eg. make), these tools generally invoke builds in sequence and therefore can’t leverage the full potential of BuildKit parallelization or combine BuildKit’s output for the user. For this use case we have added a command called `docker buildx bake`.
+BuildKit efficiently handles multiple concurrent build requests and
+de-duplicating work. The build commands can be combined with general-purpose
+command runners (for example, `make`). However, these tools generally invoke
+builds in sequence  and therefore cannot leverage the full potential of BuildKit
+parallelization, or combine BuildKit’s output for the user. For this use case,
+we have added a command called [`docker buildx bake`](docs/reference/buildx_bake.md).
 
-Currently, the bake command supports building images from compose files, similar to `compose build` but allowing all the services to be built concurrently as part of a single request.
+The `bake` command supports building images from compose files, similar to
-
+[`docker-compose build`](https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/build/),
-There is also support for custom build rules from HCL/JSON files allowing better code reuse and different target groups. The design of bake is in very early stages and we are looking for feedback from users.
+but allowing all the services to be built concurrently as part of a single
-
+request.
-[`buildx bake` Reference Docs](docs/reference/buildx_bake.md)
-
-# Setting buildx as default builder in Docker 19.03+
-
-Running `docker buildx install` sets up `docker builder` command as an alias to `docker buildx`. This results in the ability to have `docker build` use the current buildx builder.
-
-To remove this alias, you can run `docker buildx uninstall`.
 
+There is also support for custom build rules from HCL/JSON files allowing
+better code reuse and different target groups. The design of bake is in very
+early stages and we are looking for feedback from users.
 
 # Contributing
 

bake/bake.go

@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@ package bake
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/csv"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -21,14 +24,26 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
-var httpPrefix = regexp.MustCompile(`^https?://`)
+var (
-var gitURLPathWithFragmentSuffix = regexp.MustCompile(`\.git(?:#.+)?$`)
+	httpPrefix                   = regexp.MustCompile(`^https?://`)
+	gitURLPathWithFragmentSuffix = regexp.MustCompile(`\.git(?:#.+)?$`)
+
+	validTargetNameChars        = `[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+`
+	validTargetNameCharsCompose = `[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+`
+	targetNamePattern           = regexp.MustCompile(`^` + validTargetNameChars + `$`)
+	targetNamePatternCompose    = regexp.MustCompile(`^` + validTargetNameCharsCompose + `$`)
+)
 
 type File struct {
 	Name string
 	Data []byte
 }
 
+type Override struct {
+	Value    string
+	ArrValue []string
+}
+
 func defaultFilenames() []string {
 	return []string{
 		"docker-compose.yml",  // support app
@@ -49,41 +64,98 @@ func ReadLocalFiles(names []string) ([]File, error) {
 	out := make([]File, 0, len(names))
 
 	for _, n := range names {
-		dt, err := ioutil.ReadFile(n)
+		var dt []byte
-		if err != nil {
+		var err error
-			if isDefault && errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		if n == "-" {
-				continue
+			dt, err = ioutil.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		} else {
+			dt, err = ioutil.ReadFile(n)
+			if err != nil {
+				if isDefault && errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+					continue
+				}
+				return nil, err
 			}
-			return nil, err
 		}
 		out = append(out, File{Name: n, Data: dt})
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func ReadTargets(ctx context.Context, files []File, targets, overrides []string, defaults map[string]string) (map[string]*Target, error) {
+func ReadTargets(ctx context.Context, files []File, targets, overrides []string, defaults map[string]string) (map[string]*Target, []*Group, error) {
 	c, err := ParseFiles(files, defaults)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	o, err := c.newOverrides(overrides)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	m := map[string]*Target{}
 	for _, n := range targets {
 		for _, n := range c.ResolveGroup(n) {
 			t, err := c.ResolveTarget(n, o)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			if t != nil {
 				m[n] = t
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return m, nil
+
+	var g []*Group
+	if len(targets) == 0 || (len(targets) == 1 && targets[0] == "default") {
+		for _, group := range c.Groups {
+			if group.Name != "default" {
+				continue
+			}
+			g = []*Group{{Targets: group.Targets}}
+		}
+	} else {
+		var gt []string
+		for _, target := range targets {
+			isGroup := false
+			for _, group := range c.Groups {
+				if target == group.Name {
+					gt = append(gt, group.Targets...)
+					isGroup = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !isGroup {
+				gt = append(gt, target)
+			}
+		}
+		g = []*Group{{Targets: dedupString(gt)}}
+	}
+
+	for name, t := range m {
+		if err := c.loadLinks(name, t, m, o, nil); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m, g, nil
+}
+
+func dedupString(s []string) []string {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return s
+	}
+	var res []string
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, val := range s {
+		if _, ok := seen[val]; !ok {
+			res = append(res, val)
+			seen[val] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return res
 }
 
 func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults map[string]string) (_ *Config, err error) {
@@ -119,8 +191,9 @@ func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults map[string]string) (_ *Config, err error)
 
 	if len(fs) > 0 {
 		if err := hclparser.Parse(hcl.MergeFiles(fs), hclparser.Opt{
-			LookupVar: os.LookupEnv,
+			LookupVar:     os.LookupEnv,
-			Vars:      defaults,
+			Vars:          defaults,
+			ValidateLabel: validateTargetName,
 		}, &c); err.HasErrors() {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -240,10 +313,45 @@ func (c Config) expandTargets(pattern string) ([]string, error) {
 	return names, nil
 }
 
-func (c Config) newOverrides(v []string) (map[string]*Target, error) {
+func (c Config) loadLinks(name string, t *Target, m map[string]*Target, o map[string]map[string]Override, visited []string) error {
-	m := map[string]*Target{}
+	visited = append(visited, name)
-	for _, v := range v {
+	for _, v := range t.Contexts {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "target:") {
+			target := strings.TrimPrefix(v, "target:")
+			if target == t.Name {
+				return errors.Errorf("target %s cannot link to itself", target)
+			}
+			for _, v := range visited {
+				if v == target {
+					return errors.Errorf("infinite loop from %s to %s", name, target)
+				}
+			}
+			t2, ok := m[target]
+			if !ok {
+				var err error
+				t2, err = c.ResolveTarget(target, o)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				t2.Outputs = nil
+				m[target] = t2
+			}
+			if err := c.loadLinks(target, t2, m, o, visited); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if len(t.Platforms) > 1 && len(t2.Platforms) > 1 {
+				if !sliceEqual(t.Platforms, t2.Platforms) {
+					return errors.Errorf("target %s can't be used by %s because it is defined for different platforms %v and %v", target, name, t2.Platforms, t.Platforms)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 
+func (c Config) newOverrides(v []string) (map[string]map[string]Override, error) {
+	m := map[string]map[string]Override{}
+	for _, v := range v {
 		parts := strings.SplitN(v, "=", 2)
 		keys := strings.SplitN(parts[0], ".", 3)
 		if len(keys) < 2 {
@@ -260,73 +368,46 @@ func (c Config) newOverrides(v []string) (map[string]*Target, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
+		kk := strings.SplitN(parts[0], ".", 2)
+
 		for _, name := range names {
 			t, ok := m[name]
 			if !ok {
-				t = &Target{}
+				t = map[string]Override{}
+				m[name] = t
 			}
 
+			o := t[kk[1]]
+
 			switch keys[1] {
-			case "context":
+			case "output", "cache-to", "cache-from", "tags", "platform", "secrets", "ssh":
-				t.Context = &parts[1]
+				if len(parts) == 2 {
-			case "dockerfile":
+					o.ArrValue = append(o.ArrValue, parts[1])
-				t.Dockerfile = &parts[1]
+				}
 			case "args":
 				if len(keys) != 3 {
 					return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid key %s, args requires name", parts[0])
 				}
-				if t.Args == nil {
-					t.Args = map[string]string{}
-				}
 				if len(parts) < 2 {
 					v, ok := os.LookupEnv(keys[2])
-					if ok {
+					if !ok {
-						t.Args[keys[2]] = v
+						continue
 					}
-				} else {
+					o.Value = v
-					t.Args[keys[2]] = parts[1]
 				}
-			case "labels":
+				fallthrough
+			case "contexts":
 				if len(keys) != 3 {
-					return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid key %s, lanels requires name", parts[0])
+					return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid key %s, contexts requires name", parts[0])
 				}
-				if t.Labels == nil {
+				fallthrough
-					t.Labels = map[string]string{}
-				}
-				t.Labels[keys[2]] = parts[1]
-			case "tags":
-				t.Tags = append(t.Tags, parts[1])
-			case "cache-from":
-				t.CacheFrom = append(t.CacheFrom, parts[1])
-			case "cache-to":
-				t.CacheTo = append(t.CacheTo, parts[1])
-			case "target":
-				s := parts[1]
-				t.Target = &s
-			case "secrets":
-				t.Secrets = append(t.Secrets, parts[1])
-			case "ssh":
-				t.SSH = append(t.SSH, parts[1])
-			case "platform":
-				t.Platforms = append(t.Platforms, parts[1])
-			case "output":
-				t.Outputs = append(t.Outputs, parts[1])
-			case "no-cache":
-				noCache, err := strconv.ParseBool(parts[1])
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key no-cache", parts[1])
-				}
-				t.NoCache = &noCache
-			case "pull":
-				pull, err := strconv.ParseBool(parts[1])
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key pull", parts[1])
-				}
-				t.Pull = &pull
 			default:
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown key: %s", keys[1])
+				if len(parts) == 2 {
+					o.Value = parts[1]
+				}
 			}
-			m[name] = t
+
+			t[kk[1]] = o
 		}
 	}
 	return m, nil
@@ -353,16 +434,22 @@ func (c Config) group(name string, visited map[string]struct{}) []string {
 	visited[name] = struct{}{}
 	targets := make([]string, 0, len(g.Targets))
 	for _, t := range g.Targets {
-		targets = append(targets, c.group(t, visited)...)
+		tgroup := c.group(t, visited)
+		if len(tgroup) > 0 {
+			targets = append(targets, tgroup...)
+		} else {
+			targets = append(targets, t)
+		}
 	}
 	return targets
 }
 
-func (c Config) ResolveTarget(name string, overrides map[string]*Target) (*Target, error) {
+func (c Config) ResolveTarget(name string, overrides map[string]map[string]Override) (*Target, error) {
-	t, err := c.target(name, map[string]struct{}{}, overrides)
+	t, err := c.target(name, map[string]*Target{}, overrides)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	t.Inherits = nil
 	if t.Context == nil {
 		s := "."
 		t.Context = &s
@@ -374,11 +461,11 @@ func (c Config) ResolveTarget(name string, overrides map[string]*Target) (*Targe
 	return t, nil
 }
 
-func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]struct{}, overrides map[string]*Target) (*Target, error) {
+func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]*Target, overrides map[string]map[string]Override) (*Target, error) {
-	if _, ok := visited[name]; ok {
+	if t, ok := visited[name]; ok {
-		return nil, nil
+		return t, nil
 	}
-	visited[name] = struct{}{}
+	visited[name] = nil
 	var t *Target
 	for _, target := range c.Targets {
 		if target.Name == name {
@@ -399,15 +486,15 @@ func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]struct{}, overrides map[s
 			tt.Merge(t)
 		}
 	}
-	t.Inherits = nil
 	m := defaultTarget()
 	m.Merge(tt)
 	m.Merge(t)
 	tt = m
-	if override, ok := overrides[name]; ok {
+	if err := tt.AddOverrides(overrides[name]); err != nil {
-		tt.Merge(override)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	tt.normalize()
+	visited[name] = tt
 	return tt, nil
 }
 
@@ -424,6 +511,7 @@ type Target struct {
 	Inherits []string `json:"inherits,omitempty" hcl:"inherits,optional"`
 
 	Context          *string           `json:"context,omitempty" hcl:"context,optional"`
+	Contexts         map[string]string `json:"contexts,omitempty" hcl:"contexts,optional"`
 	Dockerfile       *string           `json:"dockerfile,omitempty" hcl:"dockerfile,optional"`
 	DockerfileInline *string           `json:"dockerfile-inline,omitempty" hcl:"dockerfile-inline,optional"`
 	Args             map[string]string `json:"args,omitempty" hcl:"args,optional"`
@@ -438,7 +526,8 @@ type Target struct {
 	Outputs          []string          `json:"output,omitempty" hcl:"output,optional"`
 	Pull             *bool             `json:"pull,omitempty" hcl:"pull,optional"`
 	NoCache          *bool             `json:"no-cache,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache,optional"`
-
+	NetworkMode      *string           `json:"-" hcl:"-"`
+	NoCacheFilter    []string          `json:"no-cache-filter,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache-filter,optional"`
 	// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update newOverrides and README.
 }
 
@@ -450,6 +539,16 @@ func (t *Target) normalize() {
 	t.CacheFrom = removeDupes(t.CacheFrom)
 	t.CacheTo = removeDupes(t.CacheTo)
 	t.Outputs = removeDupes(t.Outputs)
+	t.NoCacheFilter = removeDupes(t.NoCacheFilter)
+
+	for k, v := range t.Contexts {
+		if v == "" {
+			delete(t.Contexts, k)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(t.Contexts) == 0 {
+		t.Contexts = nil
+	}
 }
 
 func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
@@ -468,6 +567,12 @@ func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
 		}
 		t.Args[k] = v
 	}
+	for k, v := range t2.Contexts {
+		if t.Contexts == nil {
+			t.Contexts = map[string]string{}
+		}
+		t.Contexts[k] = v
+	}
 	for k, v := range t2.Labels {
 		if t.Labels == nil {
 			t.Labels = map[string]string{}
@@ -504,9 +609,99 @@ func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
 	if t2.NoCache != nil {
 		t.NoCache = t2.NoCache
 	}
+	if t2.NetworkMode != nil {
+		t.NetworkMode = t2.NetworkMode
+	}
+	if t2.NoCacheFilter != nil { // merge
+		t.NoCacheFilter = append(t.NoCacheFilter, t2.NoCacheFilter...)
+	}
 	t.Inherits = append(t.Inherits, t2.Inherits...)
 }
 
+func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override) error {
+	for key, o := range overrides {
+		value := o.Value
+		keys := strings.SplitN(key, ".", 2)
+		switch keys[0] {
+		case "context":
+			t.Context = &value
+		case "dockerfile":
+			t.Dockerfile = &value
+		case "args":
+			if len(keys) != 2 {
+				return errors.Errorf("args require name")
+			}
+			if t.Args == nil {
+				t.Args = map[string]string{}
+			}
+			t.Args[keys[1]] = value
+		case "contexts":
+			if len(keys) != 2 {
+				return errors.Errorf("contexts require name")
+			}
+			if t.Contexts == nil {
+				t.Contexts = map[string]string{}
+			}
+			t.Contexts[keys[1]] = value
+		case "labels":
+			if len(keys) != 2 {
+				return errors.Errorf("labels require name")
+			}
+			if t.Labels == nil {
+				t.Labels = map[string]string{}
+			}
+			t.Labels[keys[1]] = value
+		case "tags":
+			t.Tags = o.ArrValue
+		case "cache-from":
+			t.CacheFrom = o.ArrValue
+		case "cache-to":
+			t.CacheTo = o.ArrValue
+		case "target":
+			t.Target = &value
+		case "secrets":
+			t.Secrets = o.ArrValue
+		case "ssh":
+			t.SSH = o.ArrValue
+		case "platform":
+			t.Platforms = o.ArrValue
+		case "output":
+			t.Outputs = o.ArrValue
+		case "no-cache":
+			noCache, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key no-cache", value)
+			}
+			t.NoCache = &noCache
+		case "no-cache-filter":
+			t.NoCacheFilter = o.ArrValue
+		case "pull":
+			pull, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key pull", value)
+			}
+			t.Pull = &pull
+		case "push":
+			_, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key push", value)
+			}
+			if len(t.Outputs) == 0 {
+				t.Outputs = append(t.Outputs, "type=image,push=true")
+			} else {
+				for i, output := range t.Outputs {
+					if typ := parseOutputType(output); typ == "image" || typ == "registry" {
+						t.Outputs[i] = t.Outputs[i] + ",push=" + value
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			return errors.Errorf("unknown key: %s", keys[0])
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func TargetsToBuildOpt(m map[string]*Target, inp *Input) (map[string]build.Options, error) {
 	m2 := make(map[string]build.Options, len(m))
 	for k, v := range m {
@@ -523,6 +718,21 @@ func updateContext(t *build.Inputs, inp *Input) {
 	if inp == nil || inp.State == nil {
 		return
 	}
+
+	for k, v := range t.NamedContexts {
+		if v.Path == "." {
+			t.NamedContexts[k] = build.NamedContext{Path: inp.URL}
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "cwd://") || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "target:") || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "docker-image:") {
+			continue
+		}
+		if IsRemoteURL(v.Path) {
+			continue
+		}
+		st := llb.Scratch().File(llb.Copy(*inp.State, v.Path, "/"), llb.WithCustomNamef("set context %s to %s", k, v.Path))
+		t.NamedContexts[k] = build.NamedContext{State: &st}
+	}
+
 	if t.ContextPath == "." {
 		t.ContextPath = inp.URL
 		return
@@ -537,6 +747,59 @@ func updateContext(t *build.Inputs, inp *Input) {
 	t.ContextState = &st
 }
 
+// validateContextsEntitlements is a basic check to ensure contexts do not
+// escape local directories when loaded from remote sources. This is to be
+// replaced with proper entitlements support in the future.
+func validateContextsEntitlements(t build.Inputs, inp *Input) error {
+	if inp == nil || inp.State == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("BAKE_ALLOW_REMOTE_FS_ACCESS"); ok {
+		if vv, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v); vv {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	if t.ContextState == nil {
+		if err := checkPath(t.ContextPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	for _, v := range t.NamedContexts {
+		if v.State != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := checkPath(v.Path); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func checkPath(p string) error {
+	if IsRemoteURL(p) || strings.HasPrefix(p, "target:") || strings.HasPrefix(p, "docker-image:") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	p, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	wd, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	rel, err := filepath.Rel(wd, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".."+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+		return errors.Errorf("path %s is outside of the working directory, please set BAKE_ALLOW_REMOTE_FS_ACCESS=1", p)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 	if v := t.Context; v != nil && *v == "-" {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("context from stdin not allowed in bake")
@@ -569,10 +832,15 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 	if t.Pull != nil {
 		pull = *t.Pull
 	}
+	networkMode := ""
+	if t.NetworkMode != nil {
+		networkMode = *t.NetworkMode
+	}
 
 	bi := build.Inputs{
 		ContextPath:    contextPath,
 		DockerfilePath: dockerfilePath,
+		NamedContexts:  toNamedContexts(t.Contexts),
 	}
 	if t.DockerfileInline != nil {
 		bi.DockerfileInline = *t.DockerfileInline
@@ -581,16 +849,27 @@ func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(bi.ContextPath, "cwd://") {
 		bi.ContextPath = path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(bi.ContextPath, "cwd://"))
 	}
+	for k, v := range bi.NamedContexts {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "cwd://") {
+			bi.NamedContexts[k] = build.NamedContext{Path: path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(v.Path, "cwd://"))}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := validateContextsEntitlements(bi, inp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
 	t.Context = &bi.ContextPath
 
 	bo := &build.Options{
-		Inputs:    bi,
+		Inputs:        bi,
-		Tags:      t.Tags,
+		Tags:          t.Tags,
-		BuildArgs: t.Args,
+		BuildArgs:     t.Args,
-		Labels:    t.Labels,
+		Labels:        t.Labels,
-		NoCache:   noCache,
+		NoCache:       noCache,
-		Pull:      pull,
+		NoCacheFilter: t.NoCacheFilter,
+		Pull:          pull,
+		NetworkMode:   networkMode,
 	}
 
 	platforms, err := platformutil.Parse(t.Platforms)
@@ -666,3 +945,56 @@ func removeDupes(s []string) []string {
 func isRemoteResource(str string) bool {
 	return urlutil.IsGitURL(str) || urlutil.IsURL(str)
 }
+
+func parseOutputType(str string) string {
+	csvReader := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(str))
+	fields, err := csvReader.Read()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		parts := strings.SplitN(field, "=", 2)
+		if len(parts) == 2 {
+			if parts[0] == "type" {
+				return parts[1]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func validateTargetName(name string) error {
+	if !targetNamePattern.MatchString(name) {
+		return errors.Errorf("only %q are allowed", validTargetNameChars)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateTargetNameCompose(name string) error {
+	if !targetNamePatternCompose.MatchString(name) {
+		return errors.Errorf("only %q are allowed", validTargetNameCharsCompose)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func sliceEqual(s1, s2 []string) bool {
+	if len(s1) != len(s2) {
+		return false
+	}
+	sort.Strings(s1)
+	sort.Strings(s2)
+	for i := range s1 {
+		if s1[i] != s2[i] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func toNamedContexts(m map[string]string) map[string]build.NamedContext {
+	m2 := make(map[string]build.NamedContext, len(m))
+	for k, v := range m {
+		m2[k] = build.NamedContext{Path: v}
+	}
+	return m2
+}

bake/bake_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package bake
 import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
+	"sort"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ target "webapp" {
 	ctx := context.TODO()
 
 	t.Run("NoOverrides", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, nil, nil)
+		m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, nil, nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
 
@@ -43,10 +44,13 @@ target "webapp" {
 		require.Equal(t, "webDEP", m["webapp"].Args["VAR_INHERITED"])
 		require.Equal(t, true, *m["webapp"].NoCache)
 		require.Nil(t, m["webapp"].Pull)
+
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("InvalidTargetOverrides", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"nosuchtarget.context=foo"}, nil)
+		_, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"nosuchtarget.context=foo"}, nil)
 		require.NotNil(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, err.Error(), "could not find any target matching 'nosuchtarget'")
 	})
@@ -56,7 +60,7 @@ target "webapp" {
 			os.Setenv("VAR_FROMENV"+t.Name(), "fromEnv")
 			defer os.Unsetenv("VAR_FROM_ENV" + t.Name())
 
-			m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{
+			m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{
 				"webapp.args.VAR_UNSET",
 				"webapp.args.VAR_EMPTY=",
 				"webapp.args.VAR_SET=bananas",
@@ -81,58 +85,72 @@ target "webapp" {
 
 			require.Equal(t, m["webapp"].Args["VAR_BOTH"], "webapp")
 			require.Equal(t, m["webapp"].Args["VAR_INHERITED"], "override")
+
+			require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 		})
 
 		// building leaf but overriding parent fields
 		t.Run("parent", func(t *testing.T) {
-			m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{
+			m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{
 				"webDEP.args.VAR_INHERITED=override",
 				"webDEP.args.VAR_BOTH=override",
 			}, nil)
+
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.Equal(t, m["webapp"].Args["VAR_INHERITED"], "override")
 			require.Equal(t, m["webapp"].Args["VAR_BOTH"], "webapp")
+			require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 		})
 	})
 
 	t.Run("ContextOverride", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"webapp.context"}, nil)
+		_, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"webapp.context"}, nil)
 		require.NotNil(t, err)
 
-		m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"webapp.context=foo"}, nil)
+		m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"webapp.context=foo"}, nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-
 		require.Equal(t, "foo", *m["webapp"].Context)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("NoCacheOverride", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"webapp.no-cache=false"}, nil)
+		m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"webapp.no-cache=false"}, nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, false, *m["webapp"].NoCache)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("PullOverride", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"webapp.pull=false"}, nil)
+		m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"webapp"}, []string{"webapp.pull=false"}, nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, false, *m["webapp"].Pull)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("PatternOverride", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// same check for two cases
-		multiTargetCheck := func(t *testing.T, m map[string]*Target, err error) {
+		multiTargetCheck := func(t *testing.T, m map[string]*Target, g []*Group, err error) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
 			require.Equal(t, "foo", *m["webapp"].Dockerfile)
 			require.Equal(t, "webDEP", m["webapp"].Args["VAR_INHERITED"])
 			require.Equal(t, "foo", *m["webDEP"].Dockerfile)
 			require.Equal(t, "webDEP", m["webDEP"].Args["VAR_INHERITED"])
+			require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+			sort.Strings(g[0].Targets)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"webDEP", "webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 		}
 
 		cases := []struct {
 			name      string
 			targets   []string
 			overrides []string
-			check     func(*testing.T, map[string]*Target, error)
+			check     func(*testing.T, map[string]*Target, []*Group, error)
 		}{
 			{
 				name:      "multi target single pattern",
@@ -150,18 +168,20 @@ target "webapp" {
 				name:      "single target",
 				targets:   []string{"webapp"},
 				overrides: []string{"web*.dockerfile=foo"},
-				check: func(t *testing.T, m map[string]*Target, err error) {
+				check: func(t *testing.T, m map[string]*Target, g []*Group, err error) {
 					require.NoError(t, err)
 					require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
 					require.Equal(t, "foo", *m["webapp"].Dockerfile)
 					require.Equal(t, "webDEP", m["webapp"].Args["VAR_INHERITED"])
+					require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+					require.Equal(t, []string{"webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 				},
 			},
 			{
 				name:      "nomatch",
 				targets:   []string{"webapp"},
 				overrides: []string{"nomatch*.dockerfile=foo"},
-				check: func(t *testing.T, m map[string]*Target, err error) {
+				check: func(t *testing.T, m map[string]*Target, g []*Group, err error) {
 					// NOTE: I am unsure whether failing to match should always error out
 					// instead of simply skipping that override.
 					// Let's enforce the error and we can relax it later if users complain.
@@ -172,13 +192,58 @@ target "webapp" {
 		}
 		for _, test := range cases {
 			t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, test.targets, test.overrides, nil)
+				m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, test.targets, test.overrides, nil)
-				test.check(t, m, err)
+				test.check(t, m, g, err)
 			})
 		}
 	})
 }
 
+func TestPushOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=image,compression=zstd"]
+			}`),
+	}
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	m, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=true"}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, "type=image,compression=zstd,push=true", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+
+	fp = File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=image,compression=zstd"]
+			}`),
+	}
+	ctx = context.TODO()
+	m, _, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=false"}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, "type=image,compression=zstd,push=false", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+
+	fp = File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+			}`),
+	}
+	ctx = context.TODO()
+	m, _, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"*.push=true"}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, "type=image,push=true", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+}
+
 func TestReadTargetsCompose(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -215,22 +280,26 @@ services:
 
 	ctx := context.TODO()
 
-	m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp, fp2}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp, fp2}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	require.Equal(t, 3, len(m))
 	_, ok := m["newservice"]
+
 	require.True(t, ok)
 	require.Equal(t, "Dockerfile.webapp", *m["webapp"].Dockerfile)
 	require.Equal(t, ".", *m["webapp"].Context)
 	require.Equal(t, "1", m["webapp"].Args["buildno"])
 	require.Equal(t, "12", m["webapp"].Args["buildno2"])
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	sort.Strings(g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"db", "newservice", "webapp"}, g[0].Targets)
 }
 
 func TestHCLCwdPrefix(t *testing.T) {
-
 	fp := File{
-		Name: "docker-bake.hc",
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
 		Data: []byte(
 			`target "app" {
 				context = "cwd://foo"
@@ -238,7 +307,7 @@ func TestHCLCwdPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 			}`),
 	}
 	ctx := context.TODO()
-	m, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, nil, nil)
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, nil, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
@@ -250,4 +319,729 @@ func TestHCLCwdPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 
 	require.Equal(t, "test", *m["app"].Dockerfile)
 	require.Equal(t, "foo", *m["app"].Context)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"app"}, g[0].Targets)
+}
+
+func TestOverrideMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+				platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
+				output = ["foo"]
+			}`),
+	}
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	m, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{
+		"app.platform=linux/arm",
+		"app.platform=linux/ppc64le",
+		"app.output=type=registry",
+	}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	_, ok := m["app"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	_, err = TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"linux/arm", "linux/ppc64le"}, m["app"].Platforms)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["app"].Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, "type=registry", m["app"].Outputs[0])
+}
+
+func TestReadContexts(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+		target "base" {
+			contexts = {
+				foo: "bar"
+				abc: "def"
+			}
+		}
+		target "app" {
+			inherits = ["base"]
+			contexts = {
+				foo: "baz"
+			}
+		}
+		`),
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	m, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	_, ok := m["app"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	bo, err := TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctxs := bo["app"].Inputs.NamedContexts
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(ctxs))
+
+	require.Equal(t, "baz", ctxs["foo"].Path)
+	require.Equal(t, "def", ctxs["abc"].Path)
+
+	m, _, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"app.contexts.foo=bay", "base.contexts.ghi=jkl"}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	_, ok = m["app"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	bo, err = TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctxs = bo["app"].Inputs.NamedContexts
+	require.Equal(t, 3, len(ctxs))
+
+	require.Equal(t, "bay", ctxs["foo"].Path)
+	require.Equal(t, "def", ctxs["abc"].Path)
+	require.Equal(t, "jkl", ctxs["ghi"].Path)
+
+	// test resetting base values
+	m, _, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{"app.contexts.foo="}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	_, ok = m["app"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	bo, err = TargetsToBuildOpt(m, &Input{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctxs = bo["app"].Inputs.NamedContexts
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(ctxs))
+	require.Equal(t, "def", ctxs["abc"].Path)
+}
+
+func TestReadContextFromTargetUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+		target "base" {
+			contexts = {
+				foo: "bar"
+				abc: "def"
+			}
+		}
+		target "app" {
+			contexts = {
+				foo: "baz"
+				bar: "target:bar"
+			}
+		}
+		`),
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	_, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{}, nil)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to find target bar")
+}
+func TestReadContextFromTargetChain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+		target "base" {
+		}
+		target "mid" {
+			output = ["foo"]
+			contexts = {
+				parent: "target:base"
+			}
+		}
+		target "app" {
+			contexts = {
+				foo: "baz"
+				bar: "target:mid"
+			}
+		}
+		target "unused" {}
+		`),
+	}
+
+	m, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 3, len(m))
+	app, ok := m["app"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(app.Contexts))
+
+	mid, ok := m["mid"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, len(mid.Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(mid.Contexts))
+
+	base, ok := m["base"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, len(base.Contexts))
+}
+
+func TestReadContextFromTargetInfiniteLoop(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+		target "mid" {
+			output = ["foo"]
+			contexts = {
+				parent: "target:app"
+			}
+		}
+		target "app" {
+			contexts = {
+				foo: "baz"
+				bar: "target:mid"
+			}
+		}
+		`),
+	}
+	_, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app", "mid"}, []string{}, nil)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "infinite loop from")
+}
+
+func TestReadContextFromTargetMultiPlatform(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+		target "mid" {
+			output = ["foo"]
+			platforms = ["linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"]
+		}
+		target "app" {
+			contexts = {
+				bar: "target:mid"
+			}
+			platforms = ["linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"]
+		}
+		`),
+	}
+	_, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestReadContextFromTargetInvalidPlatforms(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+		target "mid" {
+			output = ["foo"]
+			platforms = ["linux/amd64", "linux/riscv64"]
+		}
+		target "app" {
+			contexts = {
+				bar: "target:mid"
+			}
+			platforms = ["linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"]
+		}
+		`),
+	}
+	_, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, []string{}, nil)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "defined for different platforms")
+}
+
+func TestReadTargetsDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	f := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+target "default" {
+  dockerfile = "test"
+}`)}
+
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "test", *m["default"].Dockerfile)
+}
+
+func TestReadTargetsSpecified(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	f := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+target "image" {
+  dockerfile = "test"
+}`)}
+
+	_, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"image"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "test", *m["image"].Dockerfile)
+}
+
+func TestReadTargetsGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	f := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+group "foo" {
+  targets = ["image"]
+}
+target "image" {
+  dockerfile = "test"
+}`)}
+
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"foo"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "test", *m["image"].Dockerfile)
+}
+
+func TestReadTargetsGroupAndTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	f := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+group "foo" {
+  targets = ["image"]
+}
+target "foo" {
+  dockerfile = "bar"
+}
+target "image" {
+  dockerfile = "test"
+}`)}
+
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"foo"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "test", *m["image"].Dockerfile)
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"foo", "foo"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "test", *m["image"].Dockerfile)
+}
+
+func TestReadTargetsMixed(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	fhcl := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+group "default" {
+  targets = ["image"]
+}
+target "nocache" {
+  no-cache = true
+}
+group "release" {
+  targets = ["image-release"]
+}
+target "image" {
+  inherits = ["nocache"]
+  output = ["type=docker"]
+}
+target "image-release" {
+  inherits = ["image"]
+  output = ["type=image,push=true"]
+  tags = ["user/app:latest"]
+}`)}
+
+	fyml := File{
+		Name: "docker-compose.yml",
+		Data: []byte(`
+services:
+  addon:
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ./Dockerfile
+      args:
+        CT_ECR: foo
+        CT_TAG: bar
+    image: ct-addon:bar
+    environment:
+      - NODE_ENV=test
+      - AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=dummy
+      - AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=dummy
+  aws:
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./aws.Dockerfile
+      args:
+        CT_ECR: foo
+        CT_TAG: bar
+    image: ct-fake-aws:bar`)}
+
+	fjson := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.json",
+		Data: []byte(`{
+	 "group": {
+	   "default": {
+	     "targets": [
+	       "image"
+	     ]
+	   }
+	 },
+	 "target": {
+	   "image": {
+	     "context": ".",
+	     "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+	     "output": [
+	       "type=docker"
+	     ]
+	   }
+	 }
+	}`)}
+
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fhcl}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["image"].Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, "type=docker", m["image"].Outputs[0])
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fhcl}, []string{"image-release"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image-release"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["image-release"].Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, "type=image,push=true", m["image-release"].Outputs[0])
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fhcl}, []string{"image", "image-release"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image", "image-release"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, ".", *m["image"].Context)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m["image-release"].Outputs))
+	require.Equal(t, "type=image,push=true", m["image-release"].Outputs[0])
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fyml, fhcl}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, ".", *m["image"].Context)
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fjson}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, ".", *m["image"].Context)
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fyml}, []string{"default"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	sort.Strings(g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"addon", "aws"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "./Dockerfile", *m["addon"].Dockerfile)
+	require.Equal(t, "./aws.Dockerfile", *m["aws"].Dockerfile)
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fyml, fhcl}, []string{"addon", "aws"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	sort.Strings(g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"addon", "aws"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "./Dockerfile", *m["addon"].Dockerfile)
+	require.Equal(t, "./aws.Dockerfile", *m["aws"].Dockerfile)
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fyml, fhcl}, []string{"addon", "aws", "image"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	sort.Strings(g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"addon", "aws", "image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 3, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, ".", *m["image"].Context)
+	require.Equal(t, "./Dockerfile", *m["addon"].Dockerfile)
+	require.Equal(t, "./aws.Dockerfile", *m["aws"].Dockerfile)
+}
+
+func TestReadTargetsSameGroupTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	f := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+group "foo" {
+  targets = ["foo"]
+}
+target "foo" {
+  dockerfile = "bar"
+}
+target "image" {
+  output = ["type=docker"]
+}`)}
+
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"foo"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"foo"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "bar", *m["foo"].Dockerfile)
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"foo", "foo"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"foo"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "bar", *m["foo"].Dockerfile)
+}
+
+func TestReadTargetsSameGroupTargetMulti(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	f := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+group "foo" {
+  targets = ["foo", "image"]
+}
+target "foo" {
+  dockerfile = "bar"
+}
+target "image" {
+  output = ["type=docker"]
+}`)}
+
+	m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"foo"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"foo", "image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "bar", *m["foo"].Dockerfile)
+	require.Equal(t, "type=docker", m["image"].Outputs[0])
+
+	m, g, err = ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"foo", "image"}, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"foo", "image"}, g[0].Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+	require.Equal(t, "bar", *m["foo"].Dockerfile)
+	require.Equal(t, "type=docker", m["image"].Outputs[0])
+}
+
+func TestNestedInherits(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	f := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+target "a" {
+  args = {
+    foo = "123"
+    bar = "234"
+  }
+}
+target "b" {
+  inherits = ["a"]
+  args = {
+    bar = "567"
+  }
+}
+target "c" {
+  inherits = ["a"]
+  args = {
+    baz = "890"
+  }
+}
+target "d" {
+  inherits = ["b", "c"]
+}`)}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name      string
+		overrides []string
+		want      map[string]string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "nested simple",
+			overrides: nil,
+			want:      map[string]string{"bar": "234", "baz": "890", "foo": "123"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "nested with overrides first",
+			overrides: []string{"a.args.foo=321", "b.args.bar=432"},
+			want:      map[string]string{"bar": "234", "baz": "890", "foo": "321"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "nested with overrides last",
+			overrides: []string{"a.args.foo=321", "c.args.bar=432"},
+			want:      map[string]string{"bar": "432", "baz": "890", "foo": "321"},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"d"}, tt.overrides, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"d"}, g[0].Targets)
+			require.Equal(t, 1, len(m))
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, m["d"].Args)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNestedInheritsWithGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	f := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(`
+target "grandparent" {
+  output = ["type=docker"]
+  args = {
+    BAR = "fuu"
+  }
+}
+target "parent" {
+  inherits = ["grandparent"]
+  args = {
+    FOO = "bar"
+  }
+}
+target "child1" {
+  inherits = ["parent"]
+}
+target "child2" {
+  inherits = ["parent"]
+  args = {
+    FOO2 = "bar2"
+  }
+}
+group "default" {
+  targets = [
+    "child1",
+    "child2"
+  ]
+}`)}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name      string
+		overrides []string
+		wantch1   map[string]string
+		wantch2   map[string]string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "nested simple",
+			overrides: nil,
+			wantch1:   map[string]string{"BAR": "fuu", "FOO": "bar"},
+			wantch2:   map[string]string{"BAR": "fuu", "FOO": "bar", "FOO2": "bar2"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "nested with overrides first",
+			overrides: []string{"grandparent.args.BAR=fii", "child1.args.FOO=baaar"},
+			wantch1:   map[string]string{"BAR": "fii", "FOO": "baaar"},
+			wantch2:   map[string]string{"BAR": "fii", "FOO": "bar", "FOO2": "bar2"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "nested with overrides last",
+			overrides: []string{"grandparent.args.BAR=fii", "child2.args.FOO=baaar"},
+			wantch1:   map[string]string{"BAR": "fii", "FOO": "bar"},
+			wantch2:   map[string]string{"BAR": "fii", "FOO": "baaar", "FOO2": "bar2"},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			m, g, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{f}, []string{"default"}, tt.overrides, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, 1, len(g))
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"child1", "child2"}, g[0].Targets)
+			require.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantch1, m["child1"].Args)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker"}, m["child1"].Outputs)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantch2, m["child2"].Args)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"type=docker"}, m["child2"].Outputs)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTargetName(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	cases := []struct {
+		target  string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			target:  "a",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			target:  "abc",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			target:  "a/b",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			target:  "a.b",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			target:  "_a",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			target:  "a_b",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			target:  "AbC",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			target:  "AbC-0123",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.target, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{{
+				Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+				Data: []byte(`target "` + tt.target + `" {}`),
+			}}, []string{tt.target}, nil, nil)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
 }

bake/compose.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader"
 	compose "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/types"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
 func parseCompose(dt []byte) (*compose.Project, error) {
@@ -59,6 +60,10 @@ func ParseCompose(dt []byte) (*Config, error) {
 				continue
 			}
 
+			if err = validateTargetNameCompose(s.Name); err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid service name %q", s.Name)
+			}
+
 			var contextPathP *string
 			if s.Build.Context != "" {
 				contextPath := s.Build.Context
@@ -76,17 +81,23 @@ func ParseCompose(dt []byte) (*Config, error) {
 				Dockerfile: dockerfilePathP,
 				Labels:     s.Build.Labels,
 				Args: flatten(s.Build.Args.Resolve(func(val string) (string, bool) {
+					if val, ok := s.Environment[val]; ok && val != nil {
+						return *val, true
+					}
 					val, ok := cfg.Environment[val]
 					return val, ok
 				})),
-				CacheFrom: s.Build.CacheFrom,
+				CacheFrom:   s.Build.CacheFrom,
-				// TODO: add platforms
+				NetworkMode: &s.Build.Network,
+			}
+			if err = t.composeExtTarget(s.Build.Extensions); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
 			}
 			if s.Build.Target != "" {
 				target := s.Build.Target
 				t.Target = &target
 			}
-			if s.Image != "" {
+			if len(t.Tags) == 0 && s.Image != "" {
 				t.Tags = []string{s.Image}
 			}
 			c.Targets = append(c.Targets, t)
@@ -111,3 +122,90 @@ func flatten(in compose.MappingWithEquals) compose.Mapping {
 	}
 	return out
 }
+
+// composeExtTarget converts Compose build extension x-bake to bake Target
+// https://github.com/compose-spec/compose-spec/blob/master/spec.md#extension
+func (t *Target) composeExtTarget(exts map[string]interface{}) error {
+	if ext, ok := exts["x-bake"]; ok {
+		for key, val := range ext.(map[string]interface{}) {
+			switch key {
+			case "tags":
+				if res, k := val.(string); k {
+					t.Tags = append(t.Tags, res)
+				} else {
+					for _, res := range val.([]interface{}) {
+						t.Tags = append(t.Tags, res.(string))
+					}
+				}
+			case "cache-from":
+				t.CacheFrom = []string{} // Needed to override the main field
+				if res, k := val.(string); k {
+					t.CacheFrom = append(t.CacheFrom, res)
+				} else {
+					for _, res := range val.([]interface{}) {
+						t.CacheFrom = append(t.CacheFrom, res.(string))
+					}
+				}
+			case "cache-to":
+				if res, k := val.(string); k {
+					t.CacheTo = append(t.CacheTo, res)
+				} else {
+					for _, res := range val.([]interface{}) {
+						t.CacheTo = append(t.CacheTo, res.(string))
+					}
+				}
+			case "secret":
+				if res, k := val.(string); k {
+					t.Secrets = append(t.Secrets, res)
+				} else {
+					for _, res := range val.([]interface{}) {
+						t.Secrets = append(t.Secrets, res.(string))
+					}
+				}
+			case "ssh":
+				if res, k := val.(string); k {
+					t.SSH = append(t.SSH, res)
+				} else {
+					for _, res := range val.([]interface{}) {
+						t.SSH = append(t.SSH, res.(string))
+					}
+				}
+			case "platforms":
+				if res, k := val.(string); k {
+					t.Platforms = append(t.Platforms, res)
+				} else {
+					for _, res := range val.([]interface{}) {
+						t.Platforms = append(t.Platforms, res.(string))
+					}
+				}
+			case "output":
+				if res, k := val.(string); k {
+					t.Outputs = append(t.Outputs, res)
+				} else {
+					for _, res := range val.([]interface{}) {
+						t.Outputs = append(t.Outputs, res.(string))
+					}
+				}
+			case "pull":
+				if res, ok := val.(bool); ok {
+					t.Pull = &res
+				}
+			case "no-cache":
+				if res, ok := val.(bool); ok {
+					t.NoCache = &res
+				}
+			case "no-cache-filter":
+				if res, k := val.(string); k {
+					t.NoCacheFilter = append(t.NoCacheFilter, res)
+				} else {
+					for _, res := range val.([]interface{}) {
+						t.NoCacheFilter = append(t.NoCacheFilter, res.(string))
+					}
+				}
+			default:
+				return fmt.Errorf("compose file invalid: unkwown %s field for x-bake", key)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

bake/compose_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ services:
     build:
       context: ./dir
       dockerfile: Dockerfile-alternate
+      network:
+        none
       args:
         buildno: 123
 `)
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ services:
 	require.Equal(t, "Dockerfile-alternate", *c.Targets[1].Dockerfile)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(c.Targets[1].Args))
 	require.Equal(t, "123", c.Targets[1].Args["buildno"])
+	require.Equal(t, "none", *c.Targets[1].NetworkMode)
 }
 
 func TestNoBuildOutOfTreeService(t *testing.T) {
@@ -214,3 +217,156 @@ networks:
 	_, err := ParseCompose(dt)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
+
+func TestComposeExt(t *testing.T) {
+	var dt = []byte(`
+services:
+  addon:
+    image: ct-addon:bar
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ./Dockerfile
+      cache_from:
+        - user/app:cache
+      args:
+        CT_ECR: foo
+        CT_TAG: bar
+      x-bake:
+        tags:
+          - ct-addon:foo
+          - ct-addon:alp
+        platforms:
+          - linux/amd64
+          - linux/arm64
+        cache-from:
+          - type=local,src=path/to/cache
+        cache-to: local,dest=path/to/cache
+        pull: true
+
+  aws:
+    image: ct-fake-aws:bar
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./aws.Dockerfile
+      args:
+        CT_ECR: foo
+        CT_TAG: bar
+      x-bake:
+        secret:
+          - id=mysecret,src=/local/secret
+          - id=mysecret2,src=/local/secret2
+        ssh: default
+        platforms: linux/arm64
+        output: type=docker
+        no-cache: true
+`)
+
+	c, err := ParseCompose(dt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(c.Targets))
+	sort.Slice(c.Targets, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return c.Targets[i].Name < c.Targets[j].Name
+	})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Args, map[string]string{"CT_ECR": "foo", "CT_TAG": "bar"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Tags, []string{"ct-addon:foo", "ct-addon:alp"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Platforms, []string{"linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].CacheFrom, []string{"type=local,src=path/to/cache"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].CacheTo, []string{"local,dest=path/to/cache"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Pull, newBool(true))
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Tags, []string{"ct-fake-aws:bar"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Secrets, []string{"id=mysecret,src=/local/secret", "id=mysecret2,src=/local/secret2"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].SSH, []string{"default"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Platforms, []string{"linux/arm64"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].Outputs, []string{"type=docker"})
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[1].NoCache, newBool(true))
+}
+
+func TestEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	envf, err := os.CreateTemp("", "env")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(envf.Name())
+
+	_, err = envf.WriteString("FOO=bsdf -csdf\n")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var dt = []byte(`
+services:
+  scratch:
+    build:
+     context: .
+     args:
+        CT_ECR: foo
+        FOO:
+        NODE_ENV:
+    environment:
+      - NODE_ENV=test
+      - AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=dummy
+      - AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=dummy
+    env_file:
+      - ` + envf.Name() + `
+`)
+
+	c, err := ParseCompose(dt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, c.Targets[0].Args, map[string]string{"CT_ECR": "foo", "FOO": "bsdf -csdf", "NODE_ENV": "test"})
+}
+
+func newBool(val bool) *bool {
+	b := val
+	return &b
+}
+
+func TestServiceName(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		svc     string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			svc:     "a",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			svc:     "abc",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			svc:     "a.b",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			svc:     "a?b",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			svc:     "_a",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			svc:     "a_b",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			svc:     "AbC",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			svc:     "AbC-0123",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.svc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := ParseCompose([]byte(`
+services:
+  ` + tt.svc + `:
+    build:
+      context: .
+`))
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

bake/hcl.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package bake
 import (
 	"strings"
 
-	hcl "github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/hclparse"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb"

bake/hclparser/hclparser.go

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Opt struct {
-	LookupVar func(string) (string, bool)
+	LookupVar     func(string) (string, bool)
-	Vars      map[string]string
+	Vars          map[string]string
+	ValidateLabel func(string) error
 }
 
 type variable struct {
@@ -262,6 +263,12 @@ func Parse(b hcl.Body, opt Opt, val interface{}) hcl.Diagnostics {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if opt.ValidateLabel == nil {
+		opt.ValidateLabel = func(string) error {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	p := &parser{
 		opt: opt,
 
@@ -446,6 +453,17 @@ func Parse(b hcl.Body, opt Opt, val interface{}) hcl.Diagnostics {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		if err := opt.ValidateLabel(b.Labels[0]); err != nil {
+			return hcl.Diagnostics{
+				&hcl.Diagnostic{
+					Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+					Summary:  "Invalid name",
+					Detail:   err.Error(),
+					Subject:  &b.LabelRanges[0],
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
 		lblIndex := setLabel(vv, b.Labels[0])
 
 		oldValue, exists := t.values[b.Labels[0]]

bake/remote.go

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ type Input struct {
 }
 
 func ReadRemoteFiles(ctx context.Context, dis []build.DriverInfo, url string, names []string, pw progress.Writer) ([]File, *Input, error) {
-	st, filename, ok := detectHTTPContext(url)
+	var filename string
+	st, ok := detectGitContext(url)
 	if !ok {
-		st, ok = detectGitContext(url)
+		st, filename, ok = detectHTTPContext(url)
 		if !ok {
 			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("not url context")
 		}

build/build.go

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package build
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/images"
@@ -19,7 +22,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/imagetools"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
-	clitypes "github.com/docker/cli/cli/config/types"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/resolver"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/waitmap"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	dockerclient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
@@ -27,9 +32,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/urlutil"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/exporter/containerimage/exptypes"
 	gateway "github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/gateway/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/upload/uploadprovider"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/pb"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/apicaps"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/progress/progresswriter"
@@ -48,26 +55,27 @@ var (
 )
 
 type Options struct {
-	Inputs      Inputs
+	Inputs Inputs
-	Tags        []string
-	Labels      map[string]string
-	BuildArgs   map[string]string
-	Pull        bool
-	ImageIDFile string
-	ExtraHosts  []string
-	NetworkMode string
 
-	NoCache   bool
+	Allow         []entitlements.Entitlement
-	Target    string
+	BuildArgs     map[string]string
-	Platforms []specs.Platform
+	CacheFrom     []client.CacheOptionsEntry
-	Exports   []client.ExportEntry
+	CacheTo       []client.CacheOptionsEntry
-	Session   []session.Attachable
+	CgroupParent  string
-
+	Exports       []client.ExportEntry
-	CacheFrom []client.CacheOptionsEntry
+	ExtraHosts    []string
-	CacheTo   []client.CacheOptionsEntry
+	ImageIDFile   string
-
+	Labels        map[string]string
-	Allow []entitlements.Entitlement
+	NetworkMode   string
-	// DockerTarget
+	NoCache       bool
+	NoCacheFilter []string
+	Platforms     []specs.Platform
+	Pull          bool
+	Session       []session.Attachable
+	ShmSize       opts.MemBytes
+	Tags          []string
+	Target        string
+	Ulimits       *opts.UlimitOpt
 }
 
 type Inputs struct {
@@ -76,17 +84,21 @@ type Inputs struct {
 	InStream         io.Reader
 	ContextState     *llb.State
 	DockerfileInline string
+	NamedContexts    map[string]NamedContext
+}
+
+type NamedContext struct {
+	Path  string
+	State *llb.State
 }
 
 type DriverInfo struct {
-	Driver   driver.Driver
+	Driver      driver.Driver
-	Name     string
+	Name        string
-	Platform []specs.Platform
+	Platform    []specs.Platform
-	Err      error
+	Err         error
-}
+	ImageOpt    imagetools.Opt
-
+	ProxyConfig map[string]string
-type Auth interface {
-	GetAuthConfig(registryHostname string) (clitypes.AuthConfig, error)
 }
 
 type DockerAPI interface {
@@ -177,6 +189,10 @@ func splitToDriverPairs(availablePlatforms map[string]int, opt map[string]Option
 			pp = append(pp, p)
 			mm[idx] = pp
 		}
+		// if no platform is specified, use first driver
+		if len(mm) == 0 {
+			mm[0] = nil
+		}
 		dps := make([]driverPair, 0, 2)
 		for idx, pp := range mm {
 			dps = append(dps, driverPair{driverIndex: idx, platforms: pp})
@@ -186,8 +202,8 @@ func splitToDriverPairs(availablePlatforms map[string]int, opt map[string]Option
 	return m
 }
 
-func resolveDrivers(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, auth Auth, opt map[string]Options, pw progress.Writer) (map[string][]driverPair, []*client.Client, error) {
+func resolveDrivers(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, pw progress.Writer) (map[string][]driverPair, []*client.Client, error) {
-	dps, clients, err := resolveDriversBase(ctx, drivers, auth, opt, pw)
+	dps, clients, err := resolveDriversBase(ctx, drivers, opt, pw)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -214,8 +230,7 @@ func resolveDrivers(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, auth Auth, opt ma
 	}
 
 	err = eg.Wait()
-	span.RecordError(err)
+	tracing.FinishWithError(span, err)
-	span.End()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -228,7 +243,7 @@ func resolveDrivers(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, auth Auth, opt ma
 	return dps, clients, nil
 }
 
-func resolveDriversBase(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, auth Auth, opt map[string]Options, pw progress.Writer) (map[string][]driverPair, []*client.Client, error) {
+func resolveDriversBase(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, pw progress.Writer) (map[string][]driverPair, []*client.Client, error) {
 	availablePlatforms := map[string]int{}
 	for i, d := range drivers {
 		for _, p := range d.Platform {
@@ -334,7 +349,8 @@ func toRepoOnly(in string) (string, error) {
 	return strings.Join(out, ","), nil
 }
 
-func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, multiDriver bool, opt Options, bopts gateway.BuildOpts, pw progress.Writer, dl dockerLoadCallback) (solveOpt *client.SolveOpt, release func(), err error) {
+func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, di DriverInfo, multiDriver bool, opt Options, bopts gateway.BuildOpts, configDir string, pw progress.Writer, dl dockerLoadCallback) (solveOpt *client.SolveOpt, release func(), err error) {
+	d := di.Driver
 	defers := make([]func(), 0, 2)
 	releaseF := func() {
 		for _, f := range defers {
@@ -400,6 +416,10 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, multiDriver bool, opt Opti
 		AllowedEntitlements: opt.Allow,
 	}
 
+	if opt.CgroupParent != "" {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["cgroup-parent"] = opt.CgroupParent
+	}
+
 	if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_MULTI_PLATFORM"]; ok {
 		if v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v); v {
 			so.FrontendAttrs["multi-platform"] = "true"
@@ -496,6 +516,12 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, multiDriver bool, opt Opti
 				}
 			}
 		}
+		if e.Type == "docker" || e.Type == "image" || e.Type == "oci" {
+			// inline buildinfo attrs from build arg
+			if v, ok := opt.BuildArgs["BUILDKIT_INLINE_BUILDINFO_ATTRS"]; ok {
+				e.Attrs["buildinfo-attrs"] = v
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	so.Exports = opt.Exports
@@ -507,12 +533,22 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, multiDriver bool, opt Opti
 	}
 	defers = append(defers, releaseLoad)
 
+	if sharedKey := so.LocalDirs["context"]; sharedKey != "" {
+		if p, err := filepath.Abs(sharedKey); err == nil {
+			sharedKey = filepath.Base(p)
+		}
+		so.SharedKey = sharedKey + ":" + tryNodeIdentifier(configDir)
+	}
+
 	if opt.Pull {
 		so.FrontendAttrs["image-resolve-mode"] = "pull"
 	}
 	if opt.Target != "" {
 		so.FrontendAttrs["target"] = opt.Target
 	}
+	if len(opt.NoCacheFilter) > 0 {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["no-cache"] = strings.Join(opt.NoCacheFilter, ",")
+	}
 	if opt.NoCache {
 		so.FrontendAttrs["no-cache"] = ""
 	}
@@ -523,6 +559,12 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, multiDriver bool, opt Opti
 		so.FrontendAttrs["label:"+k] = v
 	}
 
+	for k, v := range di.ProxyConfig {
+		if _, ok := opt.BuildArgs[k]; !ok {
+			so.FrontendAttrs["build-arg:"+k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
 	// set platforms
 	if len(opt.Platforms) != 0 {
 		pp := make([]string, len(opt.Platforms))
@@ -544,7 +586,7 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, multiDriver bool, opt Opti
 		so.FrontendAttrs["force-network-mode"] = opt.NetworkMode
 	case "", "default":
 	default:
-		return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("network mode %q not supported by buildkit", opt.NetworkMode)
+		return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("network mode %q not supported by buildkit. You can define a custom network for your builder using the network driver-opt in buildx create.", opt.NetworkMode)
 	}
 
 	// setup extrahosts
@@ -554,10 +596,23 @@ func toSolveOpt(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, multiDriver bool, opt Opti
 	}
 	so.FrontendAttrs["add-hosts"] = extraHosts
 
+	// setup shm size
+	if opt.ShmSize.Value() > 0 {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["shm-size"] = strconv.FormatInt(opt.ShmSize.Value(), 10)
+	}
+
+	// setup ulimits
+	ulimits, err := toBuildkitUlimits(opt.Ulimits)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if len(ulimits) > 0 {
+		so.FrontendAttrs["ulimit"] = ulimits
+	}
+
 	return &so, releaseF, nil
 }
 
-func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, docker DockerAPI, auth Auth, w progress.Writer) (resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse, err error) {
+func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, docker DockerAPI, configDir string, w progress.Writer) (resp map[string]*client.SolveResponse, err error) {
 	if len(drivers) == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("driver required for build")
 	}
@@ -584,7 +639,7 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 		}
 	}
 
-	m, clients, err := resolveDrivers(ctx, drivers, auth, opt, w)
+	m, clients, err := resolveDrivers(ctx, drivers, opt, w)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -604,12 +659,12 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 		multiDriver := len(m[k]) > 1
 		hasMobyDriver := false
 		for i, dp := range m[k] {
-			d := drivers[dp.driverIndex].Driver
+			di := drivers[dp.driverIndex]
-			if d.IsMobyDriver() {
+			if di.Driver.IsMobyDriver() {
 				hasMobyDriver = true
 			}
 			opt.Platforms = dp.platforms
-			so, release, err := toSolveOpt(ctx, d, multiDriver, opt, dp.bopts, w, func(name string) (io.WriteCloser, func(), error) {
+			so, release, err := toSolveOpt(ctx, di, multiDriver, opt, dp.bopts, configDir, w, func(name string) (io.WriteCloser, func(), error) {
 				return newDockerLoader(ctx, docker, name, w)
 			})
 			if err != nil {
@@ -642,8 +697,35 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 		}
 	}
 
+	// validate that all links between targets use same drivers
+	for name := range opt {
+		dps := m[name]
+		for _, dp := range dps {
+			for k, v := range dp.so.FrontendAttrs {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(k, "context:") && strings.HasPrefix(v, "target:") {
+					k2 := strings.TrimPrefix(v, "target:")
+					dps2, ok := m[k2]
+					if !ok {
+						return nil, errors.Errorf("failed to find target %s for context %s", k2, strings.TrimPrefix(k, "context:")) // should be validated before already
+					}
+					var found bool
+					for _, dp2 := range dps2 {
+						if dp2.driverIndex == dp.driverIndex {
+							found = true
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if !found {
+						return nil, errors.Errorf("failed to use %s as context %s for %s because targets build with different drivers", k2, strings.TrimPrefix(k, "context:"), name)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	resp = map[string]*client.SolveResponse{}
 	var respMu sync.Mutex
+	results := waitmap.New()
 
 	multiTarget := len(opt) > 1
 
@@ -664,12 +746,12 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 			wg.Add(len(dps))
 
 			var pushNames string
+			var insecurePush bool
 
 			eg.Go(func() (err error) {
 				defer func() {
 					if span != nil {
-						span.RecordError(err)
+						tracing.FinishWithError(span, err)
-						span.End()
 					}
 				}()
 				pw := progress.WithPrefix(w, "default", false)
@@ -684,8 +766,12 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 				resp[k] = res[0]
 				respMu.Unlock()
 				if len(res) == 1 {
+					dgst := res[0].ExporterResponse[exptypes.ExporterImageDigestKey]
+					if v, ok := res[0].ExporterResponse[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigDigestKey]; ok {
+						dgst = v
+					}
 					if opt.ImageIDFile != "" {
-						return ioutil.WriteFile(opt.ImageIDFile, []byte(res[0].ExporterResponse["containerimage.digest"]), 0644)
+						return ioutil.WriteFile(opt.ImageIDFile, []byte(dgst), 0644)
 					}
 					return nil
 				}
@@ -695,7 +781,7 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 						descs := make([]specs.Descriptor, 0, len(res))
 
 						for _, r := range res {
-							s, ok := r.ExporterResponse["containerimage.digest"]
+							s, ok := r.ExporterResponse[exptypes.ExporterImageDigestKey]
 							if ok {
 								descs = append(descs, specs.Descriptor{
 									Digest:    digest.Digest(s),
@@ -705,22 +791,41 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 							}
 						}
 						if len(descs) > 0 {
-							itpull := imagetools.New(imagetools.Opt{
+							var imageopt imagetools.Opt
-								Auth: auth,
+							for _, dp := range dps {
-							})
+								imageopt = drivers[dp.driverIndex].ImageOpt
-
+								break
+							}
 							names := strings.Split(pushNames, ",")
+
+							if insecurePush {
+								insecureTrue := true
+								httpTrue := true
+								nn, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(names[0])
+								if err != nil {
+									return err
+								}
+								imageopt.RegistryConfig = map[string]resolver.RegistryConfig{
+									reference.Domain(nn): {
+										Insecure:  &insecureTrue,
+										PlainHTTP: &httpTrue,
+									},
+								}
+							}
+
+							itpull := imagetools.New(imageopt)
+
 							dt, desc, err := itpull.Combine(ctx, names[0], descs)
 							if err != nil {
 								return err
 							}
 							if opt.ImageIDFile != "" {
-								return ioutil.WriteFile(opt.ImageIDFile, []byte(desc.Digest), 0644)
+								if err := ioutil.WriteFile(opt.ImageIDFile, []byte(desc.Digest), 0644); err != nil {
+									return err
+								}
 							}
 
-							itpush := imagetools.New(imagetools.Opt{
+							itpush := imagetools.New(imageopt)
-								Auth: auth,
-							})
 
 							for _, n := range names {
 								nn, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(n)
@@ -748,7 +853,6 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 
 			for i, dp := range dps {
 				so := *dp.so
-
 				if multiDriver {
 					for i, e := range so.Exports {
 						switch e.Type {
@@ -765,6 +869,9 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 									if err != nil {
 										return err
 									}
+									if ok, _ := strconv.ParseBool(e.Attrs["registry.insecure"]); ok {
+										insecurePush = true
+									}
 									e.Attrs["name"] = names
 									e.Attrs["push-by-digest"] = "true"
 									so.Exports[i].Attrs = e.Attrs
@@ -778,14 +885,43 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 					pw := progress.WithPrefix(w, k, multiTarget)
 
 					c := clients[dp.driverIndex]
-
-					pw = progress.ResetTime(pw)
-
 					eg.Go(func() error {
+						pw = progress.ResetTime(pw)
 						defer wg.Done()
+
+						if err := waitContextDeps(ctx, dp.driverIndex, results, &so); err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+
+						frontendInputs := make(map[string]*pb.Definition)
+						for key, st := range so.FrontendInputs {
+							def, err := st.Marshal(ctx)
+							if err != nil {
+								return err
+							}
+							frontendInputs[key] = def.ToPB()
+						}
+
+						req := gateway.SolveRequest{
+							Frontend:       so.Frontend,
+							FrontendOpt:    so.FrontendAttrs,
+							FrontendInputs: frontendInputs,
+						}
+						so.Frontend = ""
+						so.FrontendAttrs = nil
+						so.FrontendInputs = nil
+
 						ch, done := progress.NewChannel(pw)
 						defer func() { <-done }()
-						rr, err := c.Solve(ctx, nil, so, ch)
+
+						rr, err := c.Build(ctx, so, "buildx", func(ctx context.Context, c gateway.Client) (*gateway.Result, error) {
+							res, err := c.Solve(ctx, req)
+							if err != nil {
+								return nil, err
+							}
+							results.Set(resultKey(dp.driverIndex, k), res)
+							return res, nil
+						}, ch)
 						if err != nil {
 							return err
 						}
@@ -801,13 +937,27 @@ func Build(ctx context.Context, drivers []DriverInfo, opt map[string]Options, do
 											return errors.Errorf("tag is needed when pushing to registry")
 										}
 										pw := progress.ResetTime(pw)
-										for _, name := range strings.Split(pushNames, ",") {
+										pushList := strings.Split(pushNames, ",")
+										for _, name := range pushList {
 											if err := progress.Wrap(fmt.Sprintf("pushing %s with docker", name), pw.Write, func(l progress.SubLogger) error {
 												return pushWithMoby(ctx, d, name, l)
 											}); err != nil {
 												return err
 											}
 										}
+										remoteDigest, err := remoteDigestWithMoby(ctx, d, pushList[0])
+										if err == nil && remoteDigest != "" {
+											// old daemons might not have containerimage.config.digest set
+											// in response so use containerimage.digest value for it if available
+											if _, ok := rr.ExporterResponse[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigDigestKey]; !ok {
+												if v, ok := rr.ExporterResponse[exptypes.ExporterImageDigestKey]; ok {
+													rr.ExporterResponse[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigDigestKey] = v
+												}
+											}
+											rr.ExporterResponse[exptypes.ExporterImageDigestKey] = remoteDigest
+										} else if err != nil {
+											return err
+										}
 									}
 								}
 							}
@@ -912,6 +1062,29 @@ func pushWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, name string, l progress.
 	return nil
 }
 
+func remoteDigestWithMoby(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, name string) (string, error) {
+	api := d.Config().DockerAPI
+	if api == nil {
+		return "", errors.Errorf("invalid empty Docker API reference") // should never happen
+	}
+	creds, err := imagetools.RegistryAuthForRef(name, d.Config().Auth)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	image, _, err := api.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if len(image.RepoDigests) == 0 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	remoteImage, err := api.DistributionInspect(ctx, name, creds)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return remoteImage.Descriptor.Digest.String(), nil
+}
+
 func createTempDockerfile(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
 	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "dockerfile")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1034,6 +1207,36 @@ func LoadInputs(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, inp Inputs, pw progress.Wr
 
 	target.FrontendAttrs["filename"] = dockerfileName
 
+	for k, v := range inp.NamedContexts {
+		target.FrontendAttrs["frontend.caps"] = "moby.buildkit.frontend.contexts+forward"
+		if v.State != nil {
+			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "input:" + k
+			if target.FrontendInputs == nil {
+				target.FrontendInputs = make(map[string]llb.State)
+			}
+			target.FrontendInputs[k] = *v.State
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if urlutil.IsGitURL(v.Path) || urlutil.IsURL(v.Path) || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "docker-image://") || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "target:") {
+			target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = v.Path
+			continue
+		}
+		st, err := os.Stat(v.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get build context %v", k)
+		}
+		if !st.IsDir() {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(syscall.ENOTDIR, "failed to get build context path %v", v)
+		}
+		localName := k
+		if k == "context" || k == "dockerfile" {
+			localName = "_" + k // underscore to avoid collisions
+		}
+		target.LocalDirs[localName] = v.Path
+		target.FrontendAttrs["context:"+k] = "local:" + localName
+	}
+
 	release := func() {
 		for _, dir := range toRemove {
 			os.RemoveAll(dir)
@@ -1042,6 +1245,96 @@ func LoadInputs(ctx context.Context, d driver.Driver, inp Inputs, pw progress.Wr
 	return release, nil
 }
 
+func resultKey(index int, name string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", index, name)
+}
+
+func waitContextDeps(ctx context.Context, index int, results *waitmap.Map, so *client.SolveOpt) error {
+	m := map[string]string{}
+	for k, v := range so.FrontendAttrs {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(k, "context:") && strings.HasPrefix(v, "target:") {
+			target := resultKey(index, strings.TrimPrefix(v, "target:"))
+			m[target] = k
+		}
+	}
+	if len(m) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	res, err := results.Get(ctx, keys...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range m {
+		r, ok := res[k]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		rr, ok := r.(*gateway.Result)
+		if !ok {
+			return errors.Errorf("invalid result type %T", rr)
+		}
+		if so.FrontendAttrs == nil {
+			so.FrontendAttrs = map[string]string{}
+		}
+		if so.FrontendInputs == nil {
+			so.FrontendInputs = map[string]llb.State{}
+		}
+		if len(rr.Refs) > 0 {
+			for platform, r := range rr.Refs {
+				st, err := r.ToState()
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				so.FrontendInputs[k+"::"+platform] = st
+				so.FrontendAttrs[v+"::"+platform] = "input:" + k + "::" + platform
+				metadata := make(map[string][]byte)
+				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey+"/"+platform]; ok {
+					metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey] = dt
+				}
+				if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterBuildInfo+"/"+platform]; ok {
+					metadata[exptypes.ExporterBuildInfo] = dt
+				}
+				if len(metadata) > 0 {
+					dt, err := json.Marshal(metadata)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k+"::"+platform] = string(dt)
+				}
+			}
+			delete(so.FrontendAttrs, v)
+		}
+		if rr.Ref != nil {
+			st, err := rr.Ref.ToState()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			so.FrontendInputs[k] = st
+			so.FrontendAttrs[v] = "input:" + k
+			metadata := make(map[string][]byte)
+			if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey]; ok {
+				metadata[exptypes.ExporterImageConfigKey] = dt
+			}
+			if dt, ok := rr.Metadata[exptypes.ExporterBuildInfo]; ok {
+				metadata[exptypes.ExporterBuildInfo] = dt
+			}
+			if len(metadata) > 0 {
+				dt, err := json.Marshal(metadata)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				so.FrontendAttrs["input-metadata:"+k] = string(dt)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func notSupported(d driver.Driver, f driver.Feature) error {
 	return errors.Errorf("%s feature is currently not supported for %s driver. Please switch to a different driver (eg. \"docker buildx create --use\")", f, d.Factory().Name())
 }
@@ -1158,3 +1451,28 @@ func wrapWriteCloser(wc io.WriteCloser) func(map[string]string) (io.WriteCloser,
 		return wc, nil
 	}
 }
+
+var nodeIdentifierMu sync.Mutex
+
+func tryNodeIdentifier(configDir string) (out string) {
+	nodeIdentifierMu.Lock()
+	defer nodeIdentifierMu.Unlock()
+	sessionFile := filepath.Join(configDir, ".buildNodeID")
+	if _, err := os.Lstat(sessionFile); err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) { // create a new file with stored randomness
+			b := make([]byte, 8)
+			if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+				return out
+			}
+			if err := ioutil.WriteFile(sessionFile, []byte(hex.EncodeToString(b)), 0600); err != nil {
+				return out
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	dt, err := ioutil.ReadFile(sessionFile)
+	if err == nil {
+		return string(dt)
+	}
+	return
+}

build/utils.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
@@ -53,3 +54,15 @@ func toBuildkitExtraHosts(inp []string) (string, error) {
 	}
 	return strings.Join(hosts, ","), nil
 }
+
+// toBuildkitUlimits converts ulimits from docker type=soft:hard format to buildkit's csv format
+func toBuildkitUlimits(inp *opts.UlimitOpt) (string, error) {
+	if inp == nil || len(inp.GetList()) == 0 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	ulimits := make([]string, 0, len(inp.GetList()))
+	for _, ulimit := range inp.GetList() {
+		ulimits = append(ulimits, ulimit.String())
+	}
+	return strings.Join(ulimits, ","), nil
+}

cmd/buildx/main.go

@@ -43,21 +43,19 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
-	if os.Getenv("DOCKER_CLI_PLUGIN_ORIGINAL_CLI_COMMAND") == "" {
+	if plugin.RunningStandalone() {
-		if len(os.Args) < 2 || os.Args[1] != manager.MetadataSubcommandName {
+		dockerCli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
-			dockerCli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
+		if err != nil {
-			if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
-				fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+			os.Exit(1)
-				os.Exit(1)
-			}
-			opts := cliflags.NewClientOptions()
-			dockerCli.Initialize(opts)
-			rootCmd := commands.NewRootCmd(os.Args[0], false, dockerCli)
-			if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-				os.Exit(1)
-			}
-			os.Exit(0)
 		}
+		opts := cliflags.NewClientOptions()
+		dockerCli.Initialize(opts)
+		rootCmd := commands.NewRootCmd(os.Args[0], false, dockerCli)
+		if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		os.Exit(0)
 	}
 
 	dockerCli, err := command.NewDockerCli()

commands/bake.go

@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/bake"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/tracing"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/ioutils"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/appcontext"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -19,8 +20,8 @@ import (
 
 type bakeOptions struct {
 	files     []string
-	printOnly bool
 	overrides []string
+	printOnly bool
 	commonOptions
 }
 
@@ -46,7 +47,6 @@ func runBake(dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in bakeOptions) (err error
 				if bake.IsRemoteURL(targets[0]) {
 					cmdContext = targets[0]
 					targets = targets[1:]
-
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func runBake(dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in bakeOptions) (err error
 		if in.exportLoad {
 			return errors.Errorf("push and load may not be set together at the moment")
 		}
-		overrides = append(overrides, "*.output=type=registry")
+		overrides = append(overrides, "*.push=true")
 	} else if in.exportLoad {
 		overrides = append(overrides, "*.output=type=docker")
 	}
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func runBake(dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in bakeOptions) (err error
 
 	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
 	defer cancel()
-	printer := progress.NewPrinter(ctx2, os.Stderr, in.progress)
+	printer := progress.NewPrinter(ctx2, os.Stderr, os.Stderr, in.progress)
 
 	defer func() {
 		if printer != nil {
@@ -103,21 +103,36 @@ func runBake(dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in bakeOptions) (err error
 		return err
 	}
 
-	m, err := bake.ReadTargets(ctx, files, targets, overrides, map[string]string{
+	tgts, grps, err := bake.ReadTargets(ctx, files, targets, overrides, map[string]string{
-		"BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT": cmdContext,
+		// Don't forget to update documentation if you add a new
+		// built-in variable: docs/reference/buildx_bake.md#built-in-variables
+		"BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT":    cmdContext,
+		"BAKE_LOCAL_PLATFORM": platforms.DefaultString(),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	// this function can update target context string from the input so call before printOnly check
-	bo, err := bake.TargetsToBuildOpt(m, inp)
+	bo, err := bake.TargetsToBuildOpt(tgts, inp)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	if in.printOnly {
-		dt, err := json.MarshalIndent(map[string]map[string]*bake.Target{"target": m}, "", "  ")
+		var defg map[string]*bake.Group
+		if len(grps) == 1 {
+			defg = map[string]*bake.Group{
+				"default": grps[0],
+			}
+		}
+		dt, err := json.MarshalIndent(struct {
+			Group  map[string]*bake.Group  `json:"group,omitempty"`
+			Target map[string]*bake.Target `json:"target"`
+		}{
+			defg,
+			tgts,
+		}, "", "  ")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -130,21 +145,17 @@ func runBake(dockerCli command.Cli, targets []string, in bakeOptions) (err error
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	resp, err := build.Build(ctx, dis, bo, dockerAPI(dockerCli), dockerCli.ConfigFile(), printer)
+	resp, err := build.Build(ctx, dis, bo, dockerAPI(dockerCli), confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli), printer)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return wrapBuildError(err, true)
 	}
 
-	if len(in.metadataFile) > 0 && resp != nil {
+	if len(in.metadataFile) > 0 {
-		mdata := map[string]map[string]string{}
+		dt := make(map[string]interface{})
-		for k, r := range resp {
+		for t, r := range resp {
-			mdata[k] = r.ExporterResponse
+			dt[t] = decodeExporterResponse(r.ExporterResponse)
 		}
-		mdatab, err := json.MarshalIndent(mdata, "", "  ")
+		if err := writeMetadataFile(in.metadataFile, dt); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := ioutils.AtomicWriteFile(in.metadataFile, mdatab, 0644); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -175,10 +186,10 @@ func bakeCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 
 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.files, "file", "f", []string{}, "Build definition file")
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportLoad, "load", false, `Shorthand for "--set=*.output=type=docker"`)
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.printOnly, "print", false, "Print the options without building")
-	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.overrides, "set", nil, "Override target value (eg: targetpattern.key=value)")
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportPush, "push", false, `Shorthand for "--set=*.output=type=registry"`)
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportPush, "push", false, "Shorthand for --set=*.output=type=registry")
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.overrides, "set", nil, `Override target value (e.g., "targetpattern.key=value")`)
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportLoad, "load", false, "Shorthand for --set=*.output=type=docker")
 
 	commonBuildFlags(&options.commonOptions, flags)
 

commands/build.go

@@ -1,79 +1,78 @@
 package commands
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/buildflags"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/platformutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/tracing"
+	"github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool/annotation"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	dockeropts "github.com/docker/cli/opts"
+	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/ioutils"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/auth/authprovider"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/solver/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/appcontext"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/grpcerrors"
+	"github.com/morikuni/aec"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 )
 
 const defaultTargetName = "default"
 
 type buildOptions struct {
-	commonOptions
 	contextPath    string
 	dockerfileName string
-	tags           []string
-	labels         []string
-	buildArgs      []string
 
-	cacheFrom   []string
+	allow         []string
-	cacheTo     []string
+	buildArgs     []string
-	target      string
+	cacheFrom     []string
-	platforms   []string
+	cacheTo       []string
-	secrets     []string
+	cgroupParent  string
-	ssh         []string
+	contexts      []string
-	outputs     []string
+	extraHosts    []string
-	imageIDFile string
+	imageIDFile   string
-	extraHosts  []string
+	labels        []string
-	networkMode string
+	networkMode   string
-
+	noCacheFilter []string
-	// unimplemented
+	outputs       []string
-	squash bool
+	platforms     []string
-	quiet  bool
+	quiet         bool
-
+	secrets       []string
-	allow []string
+	shmSize       dockeropts.MemBytes
-
+	ssh           []string
-	// hidden
+	tags          []string
-	// untrusted   bool
+	target        string
-	// ulimits        *opts.UlimitOpt
+	ulimits       *dockeropts.UlimitOpt
-	// memory         opts.MemBytes
+	commonOptions
-	// memorySwap     opts.MemSwapBytes
-	// shmSize        opts.MemBytes
-	// cpuShares      int64
-	// cpuPeriod      int64
-	// cpuQuota       int64
-	// cpuSetCpus     string
-	// cpuSetMems     string
-	// cgroupParent   string
-	// isolation      string
-	// compress    bool
-	// securityOpt []string
 }
 
 type commonOptions struct {
 	builder      string
+	metadataFile string
 	noCache      *bool
 	progress     string
 	pull         *bool
-	metadataFile string
+
 	// golangci-lint#826
 	// nolint:structcheck
 	exportPush bool
@@ -82,13 +81,6 @@ type commonOptions struct {
 }
 
 func runBuild(dockerCli command.Cli, in buildOptions) (err error) {
-	if in.squash {
-		return errors.Errorf("squash currently not implemented")
-	}
-	if in.quiet {
-		logrus.Warnf("quiet currently not implemented")
-	}
-
 	ctx := appcontext.Context()
 
 	ctx, end, err := tracing.TraceCurrentCommand(ctx, "build")
@@ -108,21 +100,40 @@ func runBuild(dockerCli command.Cli, in buildOptions) (err error) {
 		pull = *in.pull
 	}
 
+	if noCache && len(in.noCacheFilter) > 0 {
+		return errors.Errorf("--no-cache and --no-cache-filter cannot currently be used together")
+	}
+
+	if in.quiet && in.progress != "auto" && in.progress != "quiet" {
+		return errors.Errorf("progress=%s and quiet cannot be used together", in.progress)
+	} else if in.quiet {
+		in.progress = "quiet"
+	}
+
+	contexts, err := parseContextNames(in.contexts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	opts := build.Options{
 		Inputs: build.Inputs{
 			ContextPath:    in.contextPath,
 			DockerfilePath: in.dockerfileName,
 			InStream:       os.Stdin,
+			NamedContexts:  contexts,
 		},
-		Tags:        in.tags,
+		BuildArgs:     listToMap(in.buildArgs, true),
-		Labels:      listToMap(in.labels, false),
+		ExtraHosts:    in.extraHosts,
-		BuildArgs:   listToMap(in.buildArgs, true),
+		ImageIDFile:   in.imageIDFile,
-		Pull:        pull,
+		Labels:        listToMap(in.labels, false),
-		NoCache:     noCache,
+		NetworkMode:   in.networkMode,
-		Target:      in.target,
+		NoCache:       noCache,
-		ImageIDFile: in.imageIDFile,
+		NoCacheFilter: in.noCacheFilter,
-		ExtraHosts:  in.extraHosts,
+		Pull:          pull,
-		NetworkMode: in.networkMode,
+		ShmSize:       in.shmSize,
+		Tags:          in.tags,
+		Target:        in.target,
+		Ulimits:       in.ulimits,
 	}
 
 	platforms, err := platformutil.Parse(in.platforms)
@@ -214,43 +225,98 @@ func runBuild(dockerCli command.Cli, in buildOptions) (err error) {
 		contextPathHash = in.contextPath
 	}
 
-	return buildTargets(ctx, dockerCli, map[string]build.Options{defaultTargetName: opts}, in.progress, contextPathHash, in.builder, in.metadataFile)
+	imageID, err := buildTargets(ctx, dockerCli, map[string]build.Options{defaultTargetName: opts}, in.progress, contextPathHash, in.builder, in.metadataFile)
-}
+	err = wrapBuildError(err, false)
-
-func buildTargets(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts map[string]build.Options, progressMode, contextPathHash, instance string, metadataFile string) error {
-	dis, err := getInstanceOrDefault(ctx, dockerCli, instance, contextPathHash)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if in.quiet {
+		fmt.Println(imageID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildTargets(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts map[string]build.Options, progressMode, contextPathHash, instance string, metadataFile string) (imageID string, err error) {
+	dis, err := getInstanceOrDefault(ctx, dockerCli, instance, contextPathHash)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
 	ctx2, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
 	defer cancel()
-	printer := progress.NewPrinter(ctx2, os.Stderr, progressMode)
 
-	resp, err := build.Build(ctx, dis, opts, dockerAPI(dockerCli), dockerCli.ConfigFile(), printer)
+	printer := progress.NewPrinter(ctx2, os.Stderr, os.Stderr, progressMode)
+
+	resp, err := build.Build(ctx, dis, opts, dockerAPI(dockerCli), confutil.ConfigDir(dockerCli), printer)
 	err1 := printer.Wait()
 	if err == nil {
 		err = err1
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return "", err
 	}
 
 	if len(metadataFile) > 0 && resp != nil {
-		mdatab, err := json.MarshalIndent(resp[defaultTargetName].ExporterResponse, "", "  ")
+		if err := writeMetadataFile(metadataFile, decodeExporterResponse(resp[defaultTargetName].ExporterResponse)); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := ioutils.AtomicWriteFile(metadataFile, mdatab, 0644); err != nil {
-			return err
 		}
 	}
 
-	return err
+	printWarnings(os.Stderr, printer.Warnings(), progressMode)
+
+	return resp[defaultTargetName].ExporterResponse["containerimage.digest"], err
+}
+
+func printWarnings(w io.Writer, warnings []client.VertexWarning, mode string) {
+	if len(warnings) == 0 || mode == progress.PrinterModeQuiet {
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n ")
+	sb := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	if len(warnings) == 1 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "1 warning found")
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%d warnings found", len(warnings))
+	}
+	if logrus.GetLevel() < logrus.DebugLevel {
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, " (use --debug to expand)")
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(sb, ":\n")
+	fmt.Fprint(w, aec.Apply(sb.String(), aec.YellowF))
+
+	for _, warn := range warnings {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, " - %s\n", warn.Short)
+		if logrus.GetLevel() < logrus.DebugLevel {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, d := range warn.Detail {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", d)
+		}
+		if warn.URL != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "More info: %s\n", warn.URL)
+		}
+		if warn.SourceInfo != nil && warn.Range != nil {
+			src := errdefs.Source{
+				Info:   warn.SourceInfo,
+				Ranges: warn.Range,
+			}
+			src.Print(w)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
+
+	}
+}
+
+func newBuildOptions() buildOptions {
+	ulimits := make(map[string]*units.Ulimit)
+	return buildOptions{
+		ulimits: dockeropts.NewUlimitOpt(&ulimits),
+	}
 }
 
 func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
-	var options buildOptions
+	options := newBuildOptions()
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -",
@@ -260,103 +326,140 @@ func buildCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			options.contextPath = args[0]
 			options.builder = rootOpts.builder
+			cmd.Flags().VisitAll(checkWarnedFlags)
 			return runBuild(dockerCli, options)
 		},
 	}
 
+	var platformsDefault []string
+	if v := os.Getenv("DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM"); v != "" {
+		platformsDefault = []string{v}
+	}
+
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportPush, "push", false, "Shorthand for --output=type=registry")
+	flags.StringSliceVar(&options.extraHosts, "add-host", []string{}, `Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: "host:ip")`)
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportLoad, "load", false, "Shorthand for --output=type=docker")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("add-host", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#add-entries-to-container-hosts-file---add-host"})
+
+	flags.StringSliceVar(&options.allow, "allow", []string{}, `Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., "network.host", "security.insecure")`)
 
-	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.tags, "tag", "t", []string{}, "Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format")
-	flags.SetAnnotation("tag", "docs.external.url", []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#tag-an-image--t"})
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.buildArgs, "build-arg", []string{}, "Set build-time variables")
-	flags.SetAnnotation("build-arg", "docs.external.url", []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#set-build-time-variables---build-arg"})
 
-	flags.StringVarP(&options.dockerfileName, "file", "f", "", "Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')")
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.cacheFrom, "cache-from", []string{}, `External cache sources (e.g., "user/app:cache", "type=local,src=path/to/dir")`)
-	flags.SetAnnotation("file", "docs.external.url", []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specify-a-dockerfile--f"})
+
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.cacheTo, "cache-to", []string{}, `Cache export destinations (e.g., "user/app:cache", "type=local,dest=path/to/dir")`)
+
+	flags.StringVar(&options.cgroupParent, "cgroup-parent", "", "Optional parent cgroup for the container")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("cgroup-parent", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#use-a-custom-parent-cgroup---cgroup-parent"})
+
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.contexts, "build-context", []string{}, "Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path)")
+
+	flags.StringVarP(&options.dockerfileName, "file", "f", "", `Name of the Dockerfile (default: "PATH/Dockerfile")`)
+	flags.SetAnnotation("file", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specify-a-dockerfile--f"})
+
+	flags.StringVar(&options.imageIDFile, "iidfile", "", "Write the image ID to the file")
 
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.labels, "label", []string{}, "Set metadata for an image")
 
-	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.cacheFrom, "cache-from", []string{}, "External cache sources (eg. user/app:cache, type=local,src=path/to/dir)")
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportLoad, "load", false, `Shorthand for "--output=type=docker"`)
-	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.cacheTo, "cache-to", []string{}, "Cache export destinations (eg. user/app:cache, type=local,dest=path/to/dir)")
 
-	flags.StringVar(&options.target, "target", "", "Set the target build stage to build.")
+	flags.StringVar(&options.networkMode, "network", "default", `Set the networking mode for the "RUN" instructions during build`)
-	flags.SetAnnotation("target", "docs.external.url", []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specifying-target-build-stage---target"})
 
-	flags.StringSliceVar(&options.allow, "allow", []string{}, "Allow extra privileged entitlement, e.g. network.host, security.insecure")
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.noCacheFilter, "no-cache-filter", []string{}, "Do not cache specified stages")
+
+	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.outputs, "output", "o", []string{}, `Output destination (format: "type=local,dest=path")`)
+
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.platforms, "platform", platformsDefault, "Set target platform for build")
+
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.exportPush, "push", false, `Shorthand for "--output=type=registry"`)
 
-	// not implemented
 	flags.BoolVarP(&options.quiet, "quiet", "q", false, "Suppress the build output and print image ID on success")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.networkMode, "network", "default", "Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build")
+
-	flags.StringSliceVar(&options.extraHosts, "add-host", []string{}, "Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)")
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.secrets, "secret", []string{}, `Secret to expose to the build (format: "id=mysecret[,src=/local/secret]")`)
-	flags.SetAnnotation("add-host", "docs.external.url", []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#add-entries-to-container-hosts-file---add-host"})
+
-	flags.StringVar(&options.imageIDFile, "iidfile", "", "Write the image ID to the file")
+	flags.Var(&options.shmSize, "shm-size", `Size of "/dev/shm"`)
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.squash, "squash", false, "Squash newly built layers into a single new layer")
+
-	flags.MarkHidden("quiet")
+	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.ssh, "ssh", []string{}, `SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: "default|<id>[=<socket>|<key>[,<key>]]")`)
-	flags.MarkHidden("squash")
+
+	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.tags, "tag", "t", []string{}, `Name and optionally a tag (format: "name:tag")`)
+	flags.SetAnnotation("tag", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#tag-an-image--t"})
+
+	flags.StringVar(&options.target, "target", "", "Set the target build stage to build")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("target", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specifying-target-build-stage---target"})
+
+	flags.Var(options.ulimits, "ulimit", "Ulimit options")
 
 	// hidden flags
 	var ignore string
 	var ignoreSlice []string
 	var ignoreBool bool
 	var ignoreInt int64
-	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "ulimit", "", "Ulimit options")
+
-	flags.MarkHidden("ulimit")
-	flags.StringSliceVar(&ignoreSlice, "security-opt", []string{}, "Security options")
-	flags.MarkHidden("security-opt")
 	flags.BoolVar(&ignoreBool, "compress", false, "Compress the build context using gzip")
 	flags.MarkHidden("compress")
-	flags.StringVarP(&ignore, "memory", "m", "", "Memory limit")
+
-	flags.MarkHidden("memory")
-	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "memory-swap", "", "Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap")
-	flags.MarkHidden("memory-swap")
-	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "shm-size", "", "Size of /dev/shm")
-	flags.MarkHidden("shm-size")
-	flags.Int64VarP(&ignoreInt, "cpu-shares", "c", 0, "CPU shares (relative weight)")
-	flags.MarkHidden("cpu-shares")
-	flags.Int64Var(&ignoreInt, "cpu-period", 0, "Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period")
-	flags.MarkHidden("cpu-period")
-	flags.Int64Var(&ignoreInt, "cpu-quota", 0, "Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota")
-	flags.MarkHidden("cpu-quota")
-	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "cpuset-cpus", "", "CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)")
-	flags.MarkHidden("cpuset-cpus")
-	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "cpuset-mems", "", "MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)")
-	flags.MarkHidden("cpuset-mems")
-	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "cgroup-parent", "", "Optional parent cgroup for the container")
-	flags.MarkHidden("cgroup-parent")
 	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "isolation", "", "Container isolation technology")
 	flags.MarkHidden("isolation")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("isolation", "flag-warn", []string{"isolation flag is deprecated with BuildKit."})
+
+	flags.StringSliceVar(&ignoreSlice, "security-opt", []string{}, "Security options")
+	flags.MarkHidden("security-opt")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("security-opt", "flag-warn", []string{`security-opt flag is deprecated. "RUN --security=insecure" should be used with BuildKit.`})
+
+	flags.BoolVar(&ignoreBool, "squash", false, "Squash newly built layers into a single new layer")
+	flags.MarkHidden("squash")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("squash", "flag-warn", []string{"experimental flag squash is removed with BuildKit. You should squash inside build using a multi-stage Dockerfile for efficiency."})
+
+	flags.StringVarP(&ignore, "memory", "m", "", "Memory limit")
+	flags.MarkHidden("memory")
+
+	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "memory-swap", "", `Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: "-1" to enable unlimited swap`)
+	flags.MarkHidden("memory-swap")
+
+	flags.Int64VarP(&ignoreInt, "cpu-shares", "c", 0, "CPU shares (relative weight)")
+	flags.MarkHidden("cpu-shares")
+
+	flags.Int64Var(&ignoreInt, "cpu-period", 0, "Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period")
+	flags.MarkHidden("cpu-period")
+
+	flags.Int64Var(&ignoreInt, "cpu-quota", 0, "Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota")
+	flags.MarkHidden("cpu-quota")
+
+	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "cpuset-cpus", "", `CPUs in which to allow execution ("0-3", "0,1")`)
+	flags.MarkHidden("cpuset-cpus")
+
+	flags.StringVar(&ignore, "cpuset-mems", "", `MEMs in which to allow execution ("0-3", "0,1")`)
+	flags.MarkHidden("cpuset-mems")
+
 	flags.BoolVar(&ignoreBool, "rm", true, "Remove intermediate containers after a successful build")
 	flags.MarkHidden("rm")
+
 	flags.BoolVar(&ignoreBool, "force-rm", false, "Always remove intermediate containers")
 	flags.MarkHidden("force-rm")
 
-	platformsDefault := []string{}
-	if v := os.Getenv("DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM"); v != "" {
-		platformsDefault = []string{v}
-	}
-	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.platforms, "platform", platformsDefault, "Set target platform for build")
-
-	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.secrets, "secret", []string{}, "Secret file to expose to the build: id=mysecret,src=/local/secret")
-
-	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.ssh, "ssh", []string{}, "SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: default|<id>[=<socket>|<key>[,<key>]])")
-
-	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.outputs, "output", "o", []string{}, "Output destination (format: type=local,dest=path)")
-
 	commonBuildFlags(&options.commonOptions, flags)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func commonBuildFlags(options *commonOptions, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	options.noCache = flags.Bool("no-cache", false, "Do not use cache when building the image")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", "Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty). Use plain to show container output")
+	flags.StringVar(&options.progress, "progress", "auto", `Set type of progress output ("auto", "plain", "tty"). Use plain to show container output`)
-	options.pull = flags.Bool("pull", false, "Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image")
+	options.pull = flags.Bool("pull", false, "Always attempt to pull all referenced images")
 	flags.StringVar(&options.metadataFile, "metadata-file", "", "Write build result metadata to the file")
 }
 
+func checkWarnedFlags(f *pflag.Flag) {
+	if !f.Changed {
+		return
+	}
+	for t, m := range f.Annotations {
+		switch t {
+		case "flag-warn":
+			logrus.Warn(m[0])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func listToMap(values []string, defaultEnv bool) map[string]string {
 	result := make(map[string]string, len(values))
 	for _, value := range values {
@@ -376,3 +479,80 @@ func listToMap(values []string, defaultEnv bool) map[string]string {
 	}
 	return result
 }
+
+func parseContextNames(values []string) (map[string]build.NamedContext, error) {
+	if len(values) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	result := make(map[string]build.NamedContext, len(values))
+	for _, value := range values {
+		kv := strings.SplitN(value, "=", 2)
+		if len(kv) != 2 {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid context value: %s, expected key=value", value)
+		}
+		named, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(kv[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid context name %s", kv[0])
+		}
+		name := strings.TrimSuffix(reference.FamiliarString(named), ":latest")
+		result[name] = build.NamedContext{Path: kv[1]}
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func writeMetadataFile(filename string, dt interface{}) error {
+	b, err := json.MarshalIndent(dt, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return ioutils.AtomicWriteFile(filename, b, 0644)
+}
+
+func decodeExporterResponse(exporterResponse map[string]string) map[string]interface{} {
+	out := make(map[string]interface{})
+	for k, v := range exporterResponse {
+		dt, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			out[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		var raw map[string]interface{}
+		if err = json.Unmarshal(dt, &raw); err != nil || len(raw) == 0 {
+			out[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		out[k] = json.RawMessage(dt)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func wrapBuildError(err error, bake bool) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	st, ok := grpcerrors.AsGRPCStatus(err)
+	if ok {
+		if st.Code() == codes.Unimplemented && strings.Contains(st.Message(), "unsupported frontend capability moby.buildkit.frontend.contexts") {
+			msg := "current frontend does not support --build-context."
+			if bake {
+				msg = "current frontend does not support defining additional contexts for targets."
+			}
+			msg += " Named contexts are supported since Dockerfile v1.4. Use #syntax directive in Dockerfile or update to latest BuildKit."
+			return &wrapped{err, msg}
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+type wrapped struct {
+	err error
+	msg string
+}
+
+func (w *wrapped) Error() string {
+	return w.msg
+}
+
+func (w *wrapped) Unwrap() error {
+	return w.err
+}

commands/create.go

@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
 package commands
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/csv"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/google/shlex"
@@ -29,6 +34,7 @@ type createOptions struct {
 	flags        string
 	configFile   string
 	driverOpts   []string
+	bootstrap    bool
 	// upgrade      bool // perform upgrade of the driver
 }
 
@@ -70,7 +76,7 @@ func runCreate(dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
 		return errors.Errorf("failed to find driver %q", in.driver)
 	}
 
-	txn, release, err := getStore(dockerCli)
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -138,7 +144,7 @@ func runCreate(dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
 				return errors.Errorf("could not create a builder instance with TLS data loaded from environment. Please use `docker context create <context-name>` to create a context for current environment and then create a builder instance with `docker buildx create <context-name>`")
 			}
 
-			ep, err = getCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
+			ep, err = storeutil.GetCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ func runCreate(dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	if in.use && ep != "" {
-		current, err := getCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
+		current, err := storeutil.GetCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -179,6 +185,21 @@ func runCreate(dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	ngi := &nginfo{ng: ng}
+
+	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 20*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err = loadNodeGroupData(timeoutCtx, dockerCli, ngi); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if in.bootstrap {
+		if _, err = boot(ctx, ngi); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
 	fmt.Printf("%s\n", ng.Name)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -186,9 +207,12 @@ func runCreate(dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
 func createCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	var options createOptions
 
-	var drivers []string
+	var drivers bytes.Buffer
-	for s := range driver.GetFactories() {
+	for _, d := range driver.GetFactories() {
-		drivers = append(drivers, s)
+		if len(drivers.String()) > 0 {
+			drivers.WriteString(", ")
+		}
+		drivers.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`"%s"`, d.Name()))
 	}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
@@ -203,18 +227,20 @@ func createCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 
 	flags.StringVar(&options.name, "name", "", "Builder instance name")
-	flags.StringVar(&options.driver, "driver", "", fmt.Sprintf("Driver to use (available: %v)", drivers))
+	flags.StringVar(&options.driver, "driver", "", fmt.Sprintf("Driver to use (available: %s)", drivers.String()))
 	flags.StringVar(&options.nodeName, "node", "", "Create/modify node with given name")
 	flags.StringVar(&options.flags, "buildkitd-flags", "", "Flags for buildkitd daemon")
 	flags.StringVar(&options.configFile, "config", "", "BuildKit config file")
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.platform, "platform", []string{}, "Fixed platforms for current node")
 	flags.StringArrayVar(&options.driverOpts, "driver-opt", []string{}, "Options for the driver")
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.bootstrap, "bootstrap", false, "Boot builder after creation")
 
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.actionAppend, "append", false, "Append a node to builder instead of changing it")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.actionLeave, "leave", false, "Remove a node from builder instead of changing it")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.use, "use", false, "Set the current builder instance")
 
-	_ = flags
+	// hide builder persistent flag for this command
+	cobrautil.HideInheritedFlags(cmd, "builder")
 
 	return cmd
 }

commands/diskusage.go

@@ -4,16 +4,18 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"text/tabwriter"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/appcontext"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/tonistiigi/units"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
@@ -125,20 +127,20 @@ func printKV(w io.Writer, k string, v interface{}) {
 func printVerbose(tw *tabwriter.Writer, du []*client.UsageInfo) {
 	for _, di := range du {
 		printKV(tw, "ID", di.ID)
-		if di.Parent != "" {
+		if len(di.Parents) != 0 {
-			printKV(tw, "Parent", di.Parent)
+			printKV(tw, "Parent", strings.Join(di.Parents, ","))
 		}
 		printKV(tw, "Created at", di.CreatedAt)
 		printKV(tw, "Mutable", di.Mutable)
 		printKV(tw, "Reclaimable", !di.InUse)
 		printKV(tw, "Shared", di.Shared)
-		printKV(tw, "Size", fmt.Sprintf("%.2f", units.Bytes(di.Size)))
+		printKV(tw, "Size", units.HumanSize(float64(di.Size)))
 		if di.Description != "" {
 			printKV(tw, "Description", di.Description)
 		}
 		printKV(tw, "Usage count", di.UsageCount)
 		if di.LastUsedAt != nil {
-			printKV(tw, "Last used", di.LastUsedAt)
+			printKV(tw, "Last used", units.HumanDuration(time.Since(*di.LastUsedAt))+" ago")
 		}
 		if di.RecordType != "" {
 			printKV(tw, "Type", di.RecordType)
@@ -159,11 +161,15 @@ func printTableRow(tw *tabwriter.Writer, di *client.UsageInfo) {
 	if di.Mutable {
 		id += "*"
 	}
-	size := fmt.Sprintf("%.2f", units.Bytes(di.Size))
+	size := units.HumanSize(float64(di.Size))
 	if di.Shared {
 		size += "*"
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%-71s\t%-11v\t%s\t\n", id, !di.InUse, size)
+	lastAccessed := ""
+	if di.LastUsedAt != nil {
+		lastAccessed = units.HumanDuration(time.Since(*di.LastUsedAt)) + " ago"
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%-40s\t%-5v\t%-10s\t%s\n", id, !di.InUse, size, lastAccessed)
 }
 
 func printSummary(tw *tabwriter.Writer, dus [][]*client.UsageInfo) {
@@ -186,11 +192,11 @@ func printSummary(tw *tabwriter.Writer, dus [][]*client.UsageInfo) {
 	}
 
 	if shared > 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Shared:\t%.2f\n", units.Bytes(shared))
+		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Shared:\t%s\n", units.HumanSize(float64(shared)))
-		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Private:\t%.2f\n", units.Bytes(total-shared))
+		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Private:\t%s\n", units.HumanSize(float64(total-shared)))
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Reclaimable:\t%.2f\n", units.Bytes(reclaimable))
+	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Reclaimable:\t%s\n", units.HumanSize(float64(reclaimable)))
-	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Total:\t%.2f\n", units.Bytes(total))
+	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Total:\t%s\n", units.HumanSize(float64(total)))
 	tw.Flush()
 }

commands/imagetools/create.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/imagetools"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type createOptions struct {
+	builder      string
 	files        []string
 	tags         []string
 	dryrun       bool
@@ -101,9 +104,32 @@ func runCreate(dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
 
 	ctx := appcontext.Context()
 
-	r := imagetools.New(imagetools.Opt{
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
-		Auth: dockerCli.ConfigFile(),
+	if err != nil {
-	})
+		return err
+	}
+	defer release()
+
+	var ng *store.NodeGroup
+
+	if in.builder != "" {
+		ng, err = storeutil.GetNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, in.builder)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		ng, err = storeutil.GetCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	imageopt, err := storeutil.GetImageConfig(dockerCli, ng)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r := imagetools.New(imageopt)
 
 	if sourceRefs {
 		eg, ctx2 := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
@@ -152,9 +178,7 @@ func runCreate(dockerCli command.Cli, in createOptions, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	// new resolver cause need new auth
-	r = imagetools.New(imagetools.Opt{
+	r = imagetools.New(imageopt)
-		Auth: dockerCli.ConfigFile(),
-	})
 
 	for _, t := range tags {
 		if err := r.Push(ctx, t, desc, dt); err != nil {
@@ -224,26 +248,24 @@ func parseSource(in string) (*src, error) {
 	return &s, nil
 }
 
-func createCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
+func createCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, opts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	var options createOptions
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "create [OPTIONS] [SOURCE] [SOURCE...]",
 		Short: "Create a new image based on source images",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			options.builder = opts.Builder
 			return runCreate(dockerCli, options, args)
 		},
 	}
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
-
 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.files, "file", "f", []string{}, "Read source descriptor from file")
 	flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.tags, "tag", "t", []string{}, "Set reference for new image")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.dryrun, "dry-run", false, "Show final image instead of pushing")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.actionAppend, "append", false, "Append to existing manifest")
 
-	_ = flags
-
 	return cmd
 }
 

commands/imagetools/inspect.go

@@ -1,68 +1,82 @@
 package commands
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
-	"os"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
-
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/images"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/imagetools"
+	"github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool/annotation"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/appcontext"
-	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type inspectOptions struct {
-	raw bool
+	builder string
+	format  string
+	raw     bool
 }
 
 func runInspect(dockerCli command.Cli, in inspectOptions, name string) error {
 	ctx := appcontext.Context()
 
-	r := imagetools.New(imagetools.Opt{
+	if in.format != "" && in.raw {
-		Auth: dockerCli.ConfigFile(),
+		return errors.Errorf("format and raw cannot be used together")
-	})
+	}
 
-	dt, desc, err := r.Get(ctx, name)
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer release()
+
+	var ng *store.NodeGroup
+
+	if in.builder != "" {
+		ng, err = storeutil.GetNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, in.builder)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		ng, err = storeutil.GetCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	imageopt, err := storeutil.GetImageConfig(dockerCli, ng)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if in.raw {
+	p, err := imagetools.NewPrinter(ctx, imageopt, name, in.format)
-		fmt.Printf("%s", dt) // avoid newline to keep digest
+	if err != nil {
-		return nil
+		return err
 	}
 
-	switch desc.MediaType {
+	return p.Print(in.raw, dockerCli.Out())
-	// case images.MediaTypeDockerSchema2Manifest, specs.MediaTypeImageManifest:
-	// TODO: handle distribution manifest and schema1
-	case images.MediaTypeDockerSchema2ManifestList, ocispec.MediaTypeImageIndex:
-		return imagetools.PrintManifestList(dt, desc, name, os.Stdout)
-	default:
-		fmt.Printf("%s\n", dt)
-	}
-
-	return nil
 }
 
-func inspectCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
+func inspectCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	var options inspectOptions
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "inspect [OPTIONS] NAME",
-		Short: "Show details of image in the registry",
+		Short: "Show details of an image in the registry",
 		Args:  cli.ExactArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			options.builder = rootOpts.Builder
 			return runInspect(dockerCli, options, args[0])
 		},
 	}
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 
-	flags.BoolVar(&options.raw, "raw", false, "Show original JSON manifest")
+	flags.StringVar(&options.format, "format", "", "Format the output using the given Go template")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("format", annotation.DefaultValue, []string{`"{{.Manifest}}"`})
 
-	_ = flags
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.raw, "raw", false, "Show original, unformatted JSON manifest")
 
 	return cmd
 }

commands/imagetools/root.go

@@ -5,15 +5,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func RootCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
+type RootOptions struct {
+	Builder string
+}
+
+func RootCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, opts RootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "imagetools",
 		Short: "Commands to work on images in registry",
 	}
 
 	cmd.AddCommand(
-		inspectCmd(dockerCli),
+		createCmd(dockerCli, opts),
-		createCmd(dockerCli),
+		inspectCmd(dockerCli, opts),
 	)
 
 	return cmd

commands/inspect.go

@@ -8,17 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/platformutil"
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/appcontext"
-	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
 type inspectOptions struct {
@@ -26,23 +22,10 @@ type inspectOptions struct {
 	builder   string
 }
 
-type dinfo struct {
-	di        *build.DriverInfo
-	info      *driver.Info
-	platforms []specs.Platform
-	err       error
-}
-
-type nginfo struct {
-	ng      *store.NodeGroup
-	drivers []dinfo
-	err     error
-}
-
 func runInspect(dockerCli command.Cli, in inspectOptions) error {
 	ctx := appcontext.Context()
 
-	txn, release, err := getStore(dockerCli)
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -51,12 +34,12 @@ func runInspect(dockerCli command.Cli, in inspectOptions) error {
 	var ng *store.NodeGroup
 
 	if in.builder != "" {
-		ng, err = getNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, in.builder)
+		ng, err = storeutil.GetNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, in.builder)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	} else {
-		ng, err = getCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
+		ng, err = storeutil.GetCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -82,7 +65,7 @@ func runInspect(dockerCli command.Cli, in inspectOptions) error {
 	var bootNgi *nginfo
 	if in.bootstrap {
 		var ok bool
-		ok, err = boot(ctx, ngi, dockerCli)
+		ok, err = boot(ctx, ngi)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -149,50 +132,7 @@ func inspectCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	}
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
-
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.bootstrap, "bootstrap", false, "Ensure builder has booted before inspecting")
 
-	_ = flags
-
 	return cmd
 }
-
-func boot(ctx context.Context, ngi *nginfo, dockerCli command.Cli) (bool, error) {
-	toBoot := make([]int, 0, len(ngi.drivers))
-	for i, d := range ngi.drivers {
-		if d.err != nil || d.di.Err != nil || d.di.Driver == nil || d.info == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if d.info.Status != driver.Running {
-			toBoot = append(toBoot, i)
-		}
-	}
-	if len(toBoot) == 0 {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	printer := progress.NewPrinter(context.TODO(), os.Stderr, "auto")
-
-	baseCtx := ctx
-	eg, _ := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-	for _, idx := range toBoot {
-		func(idx int) {
-			eg.Go(func() error {
-				pw := progress.WithPrefix(printer, ngi.ng.Nodes[idx].Name, len(toBoot) > 1)
-				_, err := driver.Boot(ctx, baseCtx, ngi.drivers[idx].di.Driver, pw)
-				if err != nil {
-					ngi.drivers[idx].err = err
-				}
-				return nil
-			})
-		}(idx)
-	}
-
-	err := eg.Wait()
-	err1 := printer.Wait()
-	if err == nil {
-		err = err1
-	}
-
-	return true, err
-}

commands/install.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
@@ -48,5 +49,8 @@ func installCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 		Hidden: true,
 	}
 
+	// hide builder persistent flag for this command
+	cobrautil.HideInheritedFlags(cmd, "builder")
+
 	return cmd
 }

commands/ls.go

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/platformutil"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ type lsOptions struct {
 func runLs(dockerCli command.Cli, in lsOptions) error {
 	ctx := appcontext.Context()
 
-	txn, release, err := getStore(dockerCli)
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ func runLs(dockerCli command.Cli, in lsOptions) error {
 	}
 
 	currentName := "default"
-	current, err := getCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
+	current, err := storeutil.GetCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -147,5 +149,8 @@ func lsCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
+	// hide builder persistent flag for this command
+	cobrautil.HideInheritedFlags(cmd, "builder")
+
 	return cmd
 }

commands/prune.go

@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/appcontext"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/tonistiigi/units"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func runPrune(dockerCli command.Cli, opts pruneOptions) error {
 	<-printed
 
 	tw = tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 1, 8, 1, '\t', 0)
-	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Total:\t%.2f\n", units.Bytes(total))
+	fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Total:\t%s\n", units.HumanSize(float64(total)))
 	tw.Flush()
 	return nil
 }
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func pruneCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.BoolVarP(&options.all, "all", "a", false, "Remove all unused images, not just dangling ones")
-	flags.Var(&options.filter, "filter", "Provide filter values (e.g. 'until=24h')")
+	flags.Var(&options.filter, "filter", `Provide filter values (e.g., "until=24h")`)
 	flags.Var(&options.keepStorage, "keep-storage", "Amount of disk space to keep for cache")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.verbose, "verbose", false, "Provide a more verbose output")
 	flags.BoolVarP(&options.force, "force", "f", false, "Do not prompt for confirmation")

commands/rm.go

@@ -2,46 +2,65 @@ package commands
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/appcontext"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
 type rmOptions struct {
-	builder   string
+	builder     string
-	keepState bool
+	keepState   bool
+	keepDaemon  bool
+	allInactive bool
+	force       bool
 }
 
+const (
+	rmInactiveWarning = `WARNING! This will remove all builders that are not in running state. Are you sure you want to continue?`
+)
+
 func runRm(dockerCli command.Cli, in rmOptions) error {
 	ctx := appcontext.Context()
 
-	txn, release, err := getStore(dockerCli)
+	if in.allInactive && !in.force && !command.PromptForConfirmation(dockerCli.In(), dockerCli.Out(), rmInactiveWarning) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer release()
 
+	if in.allInactive {
+		return rmAllInactive(ctx, txn, dockerCli, in)
+	}
+
 	if in.builder != "" {
-		ng, err := getNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, in.builder)
+		ng, err := storeutil.GetNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, in.builder)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err1 := rm(ctx, dockerCli, ng, in.keepState)
+		err1 := rm(ctx, dockerCli, in, ng)
 		if err := txn.Remove(ng.Name); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		return err1
 	}
 
-	ng, err := getCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
+	ng, err := storeutil.GetCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if ng != nil {
-		err1 := rm(ctx, dockerCli, ng, in.keepState)
+		err1 := rm(ctx, dockerCli, in, ng)
 		if err := txn.Remove(ng.Name); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -61,6 +80,9 @@ func rmCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			options.builder = rootOpts.builder
 			if len(args) > 0 {
+				if options.allInactive {
+					return errors.New("cannot specify builder name when --all-inactive is set")
+				}
 				options.builder = args[0]
 			}
 			return runRm(dockerCli, options)
@@ -69,23 +91,30 @@ func rmCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.keepState, "keep-state", false, "Keep BuildKit state")
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.keepDaemon, "keep-daemon", false, "Keep the buildkitd daemon running")
+	flags.BoolVar(&options.allInactive, "all-inactive", false, "Remove all inactive builders")
+	flags.BoolVarP(&options.force, "force", "f", false, "Do not prompt for confirmation")
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func rm(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.NodeGroup, keepState bool) error {
+func rm(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, in rmOptions, ng *store.NodeGroup) error {
 	dis, err := driversForNodeGroup(ctx, dockerCli, ng, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, di := range dis {
-		if di.Driver != nil {
+		if di.Driver == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Do not stop the buildkitd daemon when --keep-daemon is provided
+		if !in.keepDaemon {
 			if err := di.Driver.Stop(ctx, true); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			if err := di.Driver.Rm(ctx, true, !keepState); err != nil {
+		}
-				return err
+		if err := di.Driver.Rm(ctx, true, !in.keepState, !in.keepDaemon); err != nil {
-			}
+			return err
 		}
 		if di.Err != nil {
 			err = di.Err
@@ -93,3 +122,42 @@ func rm(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.NodeGroup, keepSta
 	}
 	return err
 }
+
+func rmAllInactive(ctx context.Context, txn *store.Txn, dockerCli command.Cli, in rmOptions) error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 20*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	ll, err := txn.List()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	builders := make([]*nginfo, len(ll))
+	for i, ng := range ll {
+		builders[i] = &nginfo{ng: ng}
+	}
+
+	eg, _ := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+	for _, b := range builders {
+		func(b *nginfo) {
+			eg.Go(func() error {
+				if err := loadNodeGroupData(ctx, dockerCli, b); err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot load %s", b.ng.Name)
+				}
+				if b.ng.Dynamic {
+					return nil
+				}
+				if b.inactive() {
+					rmerr := rm(ctx, dockerCli, in, b.ng)
+					if err := txn.Remove(b.ng.Name); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					return rmerr
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+		}(b)
+	}
+
+	return eg.Wait()
+}

commands/root.go

@@ -4,16 +4,23 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	imagetoolscmd "github.com/docker/buildx/commands/imagetools"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/logutil"
+	"github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool/annotation"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli-plugins/plugin"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 )
 
 func NewRootCmd(name string, isPlugin bool, dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Short: "Build with BuildKit",
+		Short: "Docker Buildx",
+		Long:  `Extended build capabilities with BuildKit`,
 		Use:   name,
+		Annotations: map[string]string{
+			annotation.CodeDelimiter: `"`,
+		},
 	}
 	if isPlugin {
 		cmd.PersistentPreRunE = func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -21,6 +28,26 @@ func NewRootCmd(name string, isPlugin bool, dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Comman
 		}
 	}
 
+	logrus.SetFormatter(&logutil.Formatter{})
+
+	logrus.AddHook(logutil.NewFilter([]logrus.Level{
+		logrus.DebugLevel,
+	},
+		"serving grpc connection",
+		"stopping session",
+		"using default config store",
+	))
+
+	// filter out useless commandConn.CloseWrite warning message that can occur
+	// when listing builder instances with "buildx ls" for those that are
+	// unreachable: "commandConn.CloseWrite: commandconn: failed to wait: signal: killed"
+	// https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/3fb4fb83dfb5db0c0753a8316f21aea54dab32c5/cli/connhelper/commandconn/commandconn.go#L203-L214
+	logrus.AddHook(logutil.NewFilter([]logrus.Level{
+		logrus.WarnLevel,
+	},
+		"commandConn.CloseWrite:",
+	))
+
 	addCommands(cmd, dockerCli)
 	return cmd
 }
@@ -47,7 +74,7 @@ func addCommands(cmd *cobra.Command, dockerCli command.Cli) {
 		versionCmd(dockerCli),
 		pruneCmd(dockerCli, opts),
 		duCmd(dockerCli, opts),
-		imagetoolscmd.RootCmd(dockerCli),
+		imagetoolscmd.RootCmd(dockerCli, imagetoolscmd.RootOptions{Builder: opts.builder}),
 	)
 }
 

commands/stop.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/appcontext"
@@ -17,14 +18,14 @@ type stopOptions struct {
 func runStop(dockerCli command.Cli, in stopOptions) error {
 	ctx := appcontext.Context()
 
-	txn, release, err := getStore(dockerCli)
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer release()
 
 	if in.builder != "" {
-		ng, err := getNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, in.builder)
+		ng, err := storeutil.GetNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, in.builder)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ func runStop(dockerCli command.Cli, in stopOptions) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	ng, err := getCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
+	ng, err := storeutil.GetCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -61,12 +62,6 @@ func stopCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
-	flags := cmd.Flags()
-
-	// flags.StringArrayVarP(&options.outputs, "output", "o", []string{}, "Output destination (format: type=local,dest=path)")
-
-	_ = flags
-
 	return cmd
 }
 

commands/uninstall.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
@@ -54,5 +55,8 @@ func uninstallCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 		Hidden: true,
 	}
 
+	// hide builder persistent flag for this command
+	cobrautil.HideInheritedFlags(cmd, "builder")
+
 	return cmd
 }

commands/use.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ type useOptions struct {
 }
 
 func runUse(dockerCli command.Cli, in useOptions) error {
-	txn, release, err := getStore(dockerCli)
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ func runUse(dockerCli command.Cli, in useOptions) error {
 				return errors.Errorf("run `docker context use default` to switch to default context")
 			}
 			if in.builder == "default" || in.builder == dockerCli.CurrentContext() {
-				ep, err := getCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
+				ep, err := storeutil.GetCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ func runUse(dockerCli command.Cli, in useOptions) error {
 		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to find instance %q", in.builder)
 	}
 
-	ep, err := getCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
+	ep, err := storeutil.GetCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -79,11 +80,8 @@ func useCmd(dockerCli command.Cli, rootOpts *rootOptions) *cobra.Command {
 	}
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
-
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.isGlobal, "global", false, "Builder persists context changes")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.isDefault, "default", false, "Set builder as default for current context")
 
-	_ = flags
-
 	return cmd
 }

commands/util.go

@@ -4,86 +4,30 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
+	ctxkube "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/kubernetes/context"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/store"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/store/storeutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/platformutil"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/docker"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/kubernetes"
 	ctxstore "github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/store"
 	dopts "github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	dockerclient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
 )
 
-// getStore returns current builder instance store
-func getStore(dockerCli command.Cli) (*store.Txn, func(), error) {
-	s, err := store.New(getConfigStorePath(dockerCli))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	return s.Txn()
-}
-
-// getConfigStorePath will look for correct configuration store path;
-// if `$BUILDX_CONFIG` is set - use it, otherwise use parent directory
-// of Docker config file (i.e. `${DOCKER_CONFIG}/buildx`)
-func getConfigStorePath(dockerCli command.Cli) string {
-	if buildxConfig := os.Getenv("BUILDX_CONFIG"); buildxConfig != "" {
-		logrus.Debugf("using config store %q based in \"$BUILDX_CONFIG\" environment variable", buildxConfig)
-		return buildxConfig
-	}
-
-	buildxConfig := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(dockerCli.ConfigFile().Filename), "buildx")
-	logrus.Debugf("using default config store %q", buildxConfig)
-	return buildxConfig
-}
-
-// getCurrentEndpoint returns the current default endpoint value
-func getCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli command.Cli) (string, error) {
-	name := dockerCli.CurrentContext()
-	if name != "default" {
-		return name, nil
-	}
-	de, err := getDockerEndpoint(dockerCli, name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Errorf("docker endpoint for %q not found", name)
-	}
-	return de, nil
-}
-
-// getDockerEndpoint returns docker endpoint string for given context
-func getDockerEndpoint(dockerCli command.Cli, name string) (string, error) {
-	list, err := dockerCli.ContextStore().List()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	for _, l := range list {
-		if l.Name == name {
-			ep, ok := l.Endpoints["docker"]
-			if !ok {
-				return "", errors.Errorf("context %q does not have a Docker endpoint", name)
-			}
-			typed, ok := ep.(docker.EndpointMeta)
-			if !ok {
-				return "", errors.Errorf("endpoint %q is not of type EndpointMeta, %T", ep, ep)
-			}
-			return typed.Host, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return "", nil
-}
-
 // validateEndpoint validates that endpoint is either a context or a docker host
 func validateEndpoint(dockerCli command.Cli, ep string) (string, error) {
-	de, err := getDockerEndpoint(dockerCli, ep)
+	de, err := storeutil.GetDockerEndpoint(dockerCli, ep)
 	if err == nil && de != "" {
 		if ep == "default" {
 			return de, nil
@@ -97,60 +41,6 @@ func validateEndpoint(dockerCli command.Cli, ep string) (string, error) {
 	return h, nil
 }
 
-// getCurrentInstance finds the current builder instance
-func getCurrentInstance(txn *store.Txn, dockerCli command.Cli) (*store.NodeGroup, error) {
-	ep, err := getCurrentEndpoint(dockerCli)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	ng, err := txn.Current(ep)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if ng == nil {
-		ng, _ = getNodeGroup(txn, dockerCli, dockerCli.CurrentContext())
-	}
-
-	return ng, nil
-}
-
-// getNodeGroup returns nodegroup based on the name
-func getNodeGroup(txn *store.Txn, dockerCli command.Cli, name string) (*store.NodeGroup, error) {
-	ng, err := txn.NodeGroupByName(name)
-	if err != nil {
-		if !os.IsNotExist(errors.Cause(err)) {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	if ng != nil {
-		return ng, nil
-	}
-
-	if name == "default" {
-		name = dockerCli.CurrentContext()
-	}
-
-	list, err := dockerCli.ContextStore().List()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	for _, l := range list {
-		if l.Name == name {
-			return &store.NodeGroup{
-				Name: "default",
-				Nodes: []store.Node{
-					{
-						Name:     "default",
-						Endpoint: name,
-					},
-				},
-			}, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, errors.Errorf("no builder %q found", name)
-}
-
 // driversForNodeGroup returns drivers for a nodegroup instance
 func driversForNodeGroup(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.NodeGroup, contextPathHash string) ([]build.DriverInfo, error) {
 	eg, _ := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
@@ -174,13 +64,18 @@ func driversForNodeGroup(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.N
 		}
 		ng.Driver = f.Name()
 	}
+	imageopt, err := storeutil.GetImageConfig(dockerCli, ng)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
 	for i, n := range ng.Nodes {
 		func(i int, n store.Node) {
 			eg.Go(func() error {
 				di := build.DriverInfo{
-					Name:     n.Name,
+					Name:        n.Name,
-					Platform: n.Platforms,
+					Platform:    n.Platforms,
+					ProxyConfig: storeutil.GetProxyConfig(dockerCli),
 				}
 				defer func() {
 					dis[i] = di
@@ -223,12 +118,13 @@ func driversForNodeGroup(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.N
 					}
 				}
 
-				d, err := driver.GetDriver(ctx, "buildx_buildkit_"+n.Name, f, dockerapi, dockerCli.ConfigFile(), kcc, n.Flags, n.ConfigFile, n.DriverOpts, n.Platforms, contextPathHash)
+				d, err := driver.GetDriver(ctx, "buildx_buildkit_"+n.Name, f, dockerapi, imageopt.Auth, kcc, n.Flags, n.Files, n.DriverOpts, n.Platforms, contextPathHash)
 				if err != nil {
 					di.Err = err
 					return nil
 				}
 				di.Driver = d
+				di.ImageOpt = imageopt
 				return nil
 			})
 		}(i, n)
@@ -244,16 +140,17 @@ func driversForNodeGroup(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, ng *store.N
 func configFromContext(endpointName string, s ctxstore.Reader) (clientcmd.ClientConfig, error) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(endpointName, "kubernetes://") {
 		u, _ := url.Parse(endpointName)
-
 		if kubeconfig := u.Query().Get("kubeconfig"); kubeconfig != "" {
-			clientConfig := clientcmd.NewNonInteractiveDeferredLoadingClientConfig(
+			_ = os.Setenv(clientcmd.RecommendedConfigPathEnvVar, kubeconfig)
-				&clientcmd.ClientConfigLoadingRules{ExplicitPath: kubeconfig},
-				&clientcmd.ConfigOverrides{},
-			)
-			return clientConfig, nil
 		}
+		rules := clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfigLoadingRules()
+		apiConfig, err := rules.Load()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfig(*apiConfig, &clientcmd.ConfigOverrides{}), nil
 	}
-	return kubernetes.ConfigFromContext(endpointName, s)
+	return ctxkube.ConfigFromContext(endpointName, s)
 }
 
 // clientForEndpoint returns a docker client for an endpoint
@@ -325,7 +222,7 @@ func getInstanceOrDefault(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, instance,
 }
 
 func getInstanceByName(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, instance, contextPathHash string) ([]build.DriverInfo, error) {
-	txn, release, err := getStore(dockerCli)
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -340,14 +237,14 @@ func getInstanceByName(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, instance, con
 
 // getDefaultDrivers returns drivers based on current cli config
 func getDefaultDrivers(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, defaultOnly bool, contextPathHash string) ([]build.DriverInfo, error) {
-	txn, release, err := getStore(dockerCli)
+	txn, release, err := storeutil.GetStore(dockerCli)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer release()
 
 	if !defaultOnly {
-		ng, err := getCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
+		ng, err := storeutil.GetCurrentInstance(txn, dockerCli)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -357,14 +254,21 @@ func getDefaultDrivers(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, defaultOnly b
 		}
 	}
 
-	d, err := driver.GetDriver(ctx, "buildx_buildkit_default", nil, dockerCli.Client(), dockerCli.ConfigFile(), nil, nil, "", nil, nil, contextPathHash)
+	imageopt, err := storeutil.GetImageConfig(dockerCli, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	d, err := driver.GetDriver(ctx, "buildx_buildkit_default", nil, dockerCli.Client(), imageopt.Auth, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, contextPathHash)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return []build.DriverInfo{
 		{
-			Name:   "default",
+			Name:        "default",
-			Driver: d,
+			Driver:      d,
+			ImageOpt:    imageopt,
+			ProxyConfig: storeutil.GetProxyConfig(dockerCli),
 		},
 	}, nil
 }
@@ -388,9 +292,7 @@ func loadInfoData(ctx context.Context, d *dinfo) error {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "listing workers")
 		}
 		for _, w := range workers {
-			for _, p := range w.Platforms {
+			d.platforms = append(d.platforms, w.Platforms...)
-				d.platforms = append(d.platforms, p)
-			}
 		}
 		d.platforms = platformutil.Dedupe(d.platforms)
 	}
@@ -475,3 +377,67 @@ func (a *api) DockerAPI(name string) (dockerclient.APIClient, error) {
 	}
 	return clientForEndpoint(a.dockerCli, name)
 }
+
+type dinfo struct {
+	di        *build.DriverInfo
+	info      *driver.Info
+	platforms []specs.Platform
+	err       error
+}
+
+type nginfo struct {
+	ng      *store.NodeGroup
+	drivers []dinfo
+	err     error
+}
+
+// inactive checks if all nodes are inactive for this builder
+func (n *nginfo) inactive() bool {
+	for idx := range n.ng.Nodes {
+		d := n.drivers[idx]
+		if d.info != nil && d.info.Status == driver.Running {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func boot(ctx context.Context, ngi *nginfo) (bool, error) {
+	toBoot := make([]int, 0, len(ngi.drivers))
+	for i, d := range ngi.drivers {
+		if d.err != nil || d.di.Err != nil || d.di.Driver == nil || d.info == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if d.info.Status != driver.Running {
+			toBoot = append(toBoot, i)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(toBoot) == 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	printer := progress.NewPrinter(context.TODO(), os.Stderr, os.Stderr, "auto")
+
+	baseCtx := ctx
+	eg, _ := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+	for _, idx := range toBoot {
+		func(idx int) {
+			eg.Go(func() error {
+				pw := progress.WithPrefix(printer, ngi.ng.Nodes[idx].Name, len(toBoot) > 1)
+				_, err := driver.Boot(ctx, baseCtx, ngi.drivers[idx].di.Driver, pw)
+				if err != nil {
+					ngi.drivers[idx].err = err
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+		}(idx)
+	}
+
+	err := eg.Wait()
+	err1 := printer.Wait()
+	if err == nil {
+		err = err1
+	}
+
+	return true, err
+}

commands/version.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/cobrautil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/version"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
@@ -23,5 +24,9 @@ func versionCmd(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 			return runVersion(dockerCli)
 		},
 	}
+
+	// hide builder persistent flag for this command
+	cobrautil.HideInheritedFlags(cmd, "builder")
+
 	return cmd
 }

docker-bake.hcl

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+variable "GO_VERSION" {
+  default = "1.17"
+}
+variable "BIN_OUT" {
+  default = "./bin"
+}
+variable "RELEASE_OUT" {
+  default = "./release-out"
+}
+variable "DOCS_FORMATS" {
+  default = "md"
+}
+
+// Special target: https://github.com/docker/metadata-action#bake-definition
+target "meta-helper" {
+  tags = ["docker/buildx-bin:local"]
+}
+
+target "_common" {
+  args = {
+    GO_VERSION = GO_VERSION
+    BUILDKIT_CONTEXT_KEEP_GIT_DIR = 1
+  }
+}
+
+group "default" {
+  targets = ["binaries"]
+}
+
+group "validate" {
+  targets = ["lint", "validate-vendor", "validate-docs"]
+}
+
+target "lint" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/lint.Dockerfile"
+  output = ["type=cacheonly"]
+}
+
+target "validate-vendor" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/vendor.Dockerfile"
+  target = "validate"
+  output = ["type=cacheonly"]
+}
+
+target "validate-docs" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  args = {
+    FORMATS = DOCS_FORMATS
+  }
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/docs.Dockerfile"
+  target = "validate"
+  output = ["type=cacheonly"]
+}
+
+target "validate-authors" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/authors.Dockerfile"
+  target = "validate"
+  output = ["type=cacheonly"]
+}
+
+target "update-vendor" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/vendor.Dockerfile"
+  target = "update"
+  output = ["."]
+}
+
+target "update-docs" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  args = {
+    FORMATS = DOCS_FORMATS
+  }
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/docs.Dockerfile"
+  target = "update"
+  output = ["./docs/reference"]
+}
+
+target "update-authors" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/authors.Dockerfile"
+  target = "update"
+  output = ["."]
+}
+
+target "mod-outdated" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  dockerfile = "./hack/dockerfiles/vendor.Dockerfile"
+  target = "outdated"
+  args = {
+    // used to invalidate cache for outdated run stage
+    // can be dropped when https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/1213 fixed
+    _RANDOM = uuidv4()
+  }
+  output = ["type=cacheonly"]
+}
+
+target "test" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  target = "test-coverage"
+  output = ["./coverage"]
+}
+
+target "binaries" {
+  inherits = ["_common"]
+  target = "binaries"
+  output = [BIN_OUT]
+  platforms = ["local"]
+}
+
+target "binaries-cross" {
+  inherits = ["binaries"]
+  platforms = [
+    "darwin/amd64",
+    "darwin/arm64",
+    "linux/amd64",
+    "linux/arm/v6",
+    "linux/arm/v7",
+    "linux/arm64",
+    "linux/ppc64le",
+    "linux/riscv64",
+    "linux/s390x",
+    "windows/amd64",
+    "windows/arm64"
+  ]
+}
+
+target "release" {
+  inherits = ["binaries-cross"]
+  target = "release"
+  output = [RELEASE_OUT]
+}
+
+target "image" {
+  inherits = ["meta-helper", "binaries"]
+  output = ["type=image"]
+}
+
+target "image-cross" {
+  inherits = ["meta-helper", "binaries-cross"]
+  output = ["type=image"]
+}
+
+target "image-local" {
+  inherits = ["image"]
+  output = ["type=docker"]
+}

docs/docsgen/generate.go

@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/docker/buildx/commands"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-)
-
-const descriptionSourcePath = "docs/reference/"
-
-func generateDocs(opts *options) error {
-	dockerCLI, err := command.NewDockerCli()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARG...]",
-		Short: "The base command for the Docker CLI.",
-	}
-	cmd.AddCommand(commands.NewRootCmd("buildx", true, dockerCLI))
-	return genCmd(cmd, opts.target)
-}
-
-func getMDFilename(cmd *cobra.Command) string {
-	name := cmd.CommandPath()
-	if i := strings.Index(name, " "); i >= 0 {
-		name = name[i+1:]
-	}
-	return strings.ReplaceAll(name, " ", "_") + ".md"
-}
-
-func genCmd(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string) error {
-	for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
-		if err := genCmd(c, dir); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	if !cmd.HasParent() {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	mdFile := getMDFilename(cmd)
-	fullPath := filepath.Join(dir, mdFile)
-
-	content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fullPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "%s does not exist", mdFile)
-		}
-	}
-
-	cs := string(content)
-
-	markerStart := "<!---MARKER_GEN_START-->"
-	markerEnd := "<!---MARKER_GEN_END-->"
-
-	start := strings.Index(cs, markerStart)
-	end := strings.Index(cs, markerEnd)
-
-	if start == -1 {
-		return errors.Errorf("no start marker in %s", mdFile)
-	}
-	if end == -1 {
-		return errors.Errorf("no end marker in %s", mdFile)
-	}
-
-	out, err := cmdOutput(cmd, cs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	cont := cs[:start] + markerStart + "\n" + out + "\n" + cs[end:]
-
-	fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(cont), fi.Mode()); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to write %s", fullPath)
-	}
-	log.Printf("updated %s", fullPath)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func makeLink(txt, link string, f *pflag.Flag, isAnchor bool) string {
-	link = "#" + link
-	annotations, ok := f.Annotations["docs.external.url"]
-	if ok && len(annotations) > 0 {
-		link = annotations[0]
-	} else {
-		if !isAnchor {
-			return txt
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "[" + txt + "](" + link + ")"
-}
-
-func cmdOutput(cmd *cobra.Command, old string) (string, error) {
-	b := &strings.Builder{}
-
-	desc := cmd.Short
-	if cmd.Long != "" {
-		desc = cmd.Long
-	}
-	if desc != "" {
-		fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s\n\n", desc)
-	}
-
-	if len(cmd.Aliases) != 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(b, "### Aliases\n\n`%s`", cmd.Name())
-		for _, a := range cmd.Aliases {
-			fmt.Fprintf(b, ", `%s`", a)
-		}
-		fmt.Fprint(b, "\n\n")
-	}
-
-	if len(cmd.Commands()) != 0 {
-		fmt.Fprint(b, "### Subcommands\n\n")
-		fmt.Fprint(b, "| Name | Description |\n")
-		fmt.Fprint(b, "| --- | --- |\n")
-		for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
-			fmt.Fprintf(b, "| [`%s`](%s) | %s |\n", c.Name(), getMDFilename(c), c.Short)
-		}
-		fmt.Fprint(b, "\n\n")
-	}
-
-	hasFlags := cmd.Flags().HasAvailableFlags()
-
-	cmd.Flags().AddFlagSet(cmd.InheritedFlags())
-
-	if hasFlags {
-		fmt.Fprint(b, "### Options\n\n")
-		fmt.Fprint(b, "| Name | Description |\n")
-		fmt.Fprint(b, "| --- | --- |\n")
-
-		cmd.Flags().VisitAll(func(f *pflag.Flag) {
-			if f.Hidden {
-				return
-			}
-			isLink := strings.Contains(old, "<a name=\""+f.Name+"\"></a>")
-			fmt.Fprint(b, "| ")
-			if f.Shorthand != "" {
-				name := "`-" + f.Shorthand + "`"
-				name = makeLink(name, f.Name, f, isLink)
-				fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s, ", name)
-			}
-			name := "`--" + f.Name
-			if f.Value.Type() != "bool" {
-				name += " " + f.Value.Type()
-			}
-			name += "`"
-			name = makeLink(name, f.Name, f, isLink)
-			fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s | %s |\n", name, f.Usage)
-		})
-		fmt.Fprintln(b, "")
-	}
-
-	return b.String(), nil
-}
-
-type options struct {
-	target string
-}
-
-func parseArgs() (*options, error) {
-	opts := &options{}
-	flags := pflag.NewFlagSet(os.Args[0], pflag.ContinueOnError)
-	flags.StringVar(&opts.target, "target", descriptionSourcePath, "Docs directory")
-	err := flags.Parse(os.Args[1:])
-	return opts, err
-}
-
-func main() {
-	if err := run(); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("error: %+v", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-}
-
-func run() error {
-	opts, err := parseArgs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := generateDocs(opts); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}

docs/generate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/commands"
+	clidocstool "github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+
+	// import drivers otherwise factories are empty
+	// for --driver output flag usage
+	_ "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/docker"
+	_ "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/docker-container"
+	_ "github.com/docker/buildx/driver/kubernetes"
+)
+
+const defaultSourcePath = "docs/reference/"
+
+type options struct {
+	source  string
+	formats []string
+}
+
+func gen(opts *options) error {
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+
+	dockerCLI, err := command.NewDockerCli()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:               "docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARG...]",
+		Short:             "The base command for the Docker CLI.",
+		DisableAutoGenTag: true,
+	}
+
+	cmd.AddCommand(commands.NewRootCmd("buildx", true, dockerCLI))
+
+	c, err := clidocstool.New(clidocstool.Options{
+		Root:      cmd,
+		SourceDir: opts.source,
+		Plugin:    true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, format := range opts.formats {
+		switch format {
+		case "md":
+			if err = c.GenMarkdownTree(cmd); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case "yaml":
+			if err = c.GenYamlTree(cmd); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		default:
+			return errors.Errorf("unknown format %q", format)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func run() error {
+	opts := &options{}
+	flags := pflag.NewFlagSet(os.Args[0], pflag.ContinueOnError)
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.source, "source", defaultSourcePath, "Docs source folder")
+	flags.StringSliceVar(&opts.formats, "formats", []string{}, "Format (md, yaml)")
+	if err := flags.Parse(os.Args[1:]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(opts.formats) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("Docs format required")
+	}
+	return gen(opts)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if err := run(); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("ERROR: %+v", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

docs/guides/cicd.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# CI/CD
+
+## GitHub Actions
+
+Docker provides a [GitHub Action that will build and push your image](https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/#about)
+using Buildx. Here is a simple workflow:
+
+```yaml
+name: ci
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'main'
+
+jobs:
+  docker:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      -
+        name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+      -
+        name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
+      -
+        name: Login to DockerHub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v1 
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+      -
+        name: Build and push
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
+        with:
+          push: true
+          tags: user/app:latest
+```
+
+In this example we are also using 3 other actions:
+
+* [`setup-buildx`](https://github.com/docker/setup-buildx-action) action will create and boot a builder using by
+default the `docker-container` [builder driver](../reference/buildx_create.md#driver).
+This is **not required but recommended** using it to be able to build multi-platform images, export cache, etc.
+* [`setup-qemu`](https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action) action can be useful if you want
+to add emulation support with QEMU to be able to build against more platforms.
+* [`login`](https://github.com/docker/login-action) action will take care to log
+in against a Docker registry.

docs/guides/cni-networking.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# CNI networking
+
+It can be useful to use a bridge network for your builder if for example you
+encounter a network port contention during multiple builds. If you're using
+the BuildKit image, CNI is not yet available in it, but you can create
+[a custom BuildKit image with CNI support](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/cni-networking.md).
+
+Now build this image:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --tag buildkit-cni:local --load .
+```
+
+Then [create a `docker-container` builder](../reference/buildx_create.md) that
+will use this image:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx create --use \
+  --name mybuilder \
+  --driver docker-container \
+  --driver-opt "image=buildkit-cni:local" \
+  --buildkitd-flags "--oci-worker-net=cni"
+```

docs/guides/custom-network.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Using a custom network
+
+[Create a network](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/network_create/)
+named `foonet`:
+
+```console
+$ docker network create foonet
+```
+
+[Create a `docker-container` builder](../reference/buildx_create.md) named
+`mybuilder` that will use this network:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx create --use \
+  --name mybuilder \
+  --driver docker-container \
+  --driver-opt "network=foonet"
+```
+
+Boot and [inspect `mybuilder`](../reference/buildx_inspect.md):
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx inspect --bootstrap
+```
+
+[Inspect the builder container](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/)
+and see what network is being used:
+
+```console
+$ docker inspect buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0 --format={{.NetworkSettings.Networks}}
+map[foonet:0xc00018c0c0]
+```
+
+## What's `buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0`?
+
+`buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0` is the container name. It can be broken down like this:
+
+* `buildx_buildkit_` is a hardcoded prefix
+* `mybuilder0` is the name of the node (defaults to builder name + position in the list of nodes)
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx ls
+NAME/NODE     DRIVER/ENDPOINT                        STATUS                 PLATFORMS
+mybuilder *   docker-container
+  mybuilder0  unix:///var/run/docker.sock            running                linux/amd64, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/386, linux/mips64le, linux/mips64, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6     
+default       docker
+  default     default                                running                linux/amd64, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/386, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
+```

docs/guides/custom-registry-config.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Using a custom registry configuration
+
+If you [create a `docker-container` or `kubernetes` builder](../reference/buildx_create.md) and
+have specified certificates for registries in the [BuildKit daemon configuration](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/buildkitd.toml.md),
+the files will be copied into the container under `/etc/buildkit/certs` and
+configuration will be updated to reflect that.
+
+Take the following `buildkitd.toml` configuration that will be used for
+pushing an image to this registry using self-signed certificates:
+
+```toml"
+debug = true
+[registry."myregistry.com"]
+  ca=["/etc/certs/myregistry.pem"]
+  [[registry."myregistry.com".keypair]]
+    key="/etc/certs/myregistry_key.pem"
+    cert="/etc/certs/myregistry_cert.pem"
+```
+> `/etc/buildkitd.toml`
+
+Here we have configured a self-signed certificate for `myregistry.com` registry.
+
+Now [create a `docker-container` builder](../reference/buildx_create.md)
+that will use this BuildKit configuration:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx create --use \
+  --name mybuilder \
+  --driver docker-container \
+  --config /etc/buildkitd.toml
+```
+
+Inspecting the builder container, you can see that buildkitd configuration
+has changed:
+
+```console
+$ docker exec -it buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0 cat /etc/buildkit/buildkitd.toml
+```
+```toml
+debug = true
+
+[registry]
+
+  [registry."myregistry.com"]
+    ca = ["/etc/buildkit/certs/myregistry.com/myregistry.pem"]
+
+    [[registry."myregistry.com".keypair]]
+      cert = "/etc/buildkit/certs/myregistry.com/myregistry_cert.pem"
+      key = "/etc/buildkit/certs/myregistry.com/myregistry_key.pem"
+```
+
+And certificates copied inside the container:
+
+```console
+$ docker exec -it buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0 ls /etc/buildkit/certs/myregistry.com/
+myregistry.pem    myregistry_cert.pem   myregistry_key.pem
+```
+
+Now you should be able to push to the registry with this builder:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --push --tag myregistry.com/myimage:latest .
+```

docs/guides/opentelemetry.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# OpenTelemetry support
+
+To capture the trace to [Jaeger](https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger), set
+`JAEGER_TRACE` environment variable to the collection address using a `driver-opt`.
+
+First create a Jaeger container:
+
+```console
+$ docker run -d --name jaeger -p "6831:6831/udp" -p "16686:16686" jaegertracing/all-in-one
+```
+
+Then [create a `docker-container` builder](../reference/buildx_create.md)
+that will use the Jaeger instance via the `JAEGER_TRACE` env var:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx create --use \
+  --name mybuilder \
+  --driver docker-container \
+  --driver-opt "network=host" \
+  --driver-opt "env.JAEGER_TRACE=localhost:6831"
+```
+
+Boot and [inspect `mybuilder`](../reference/buildx_inspect.md):
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx inspect --bootstrap
+```
+
+Buildx commands should be traced at `http://127.0.0.1:16686/`:
+
+![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1951866/124468052-ef085400-dd98-11eb-84ab-7ac8e261dd52.png)

docs/guides/registry-mirror.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Registry mirror
+
+You can define a registry mirror to use for your builds by providing a [BuildKit daemon configuration](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/buildkitd.toml.md)
+while creating a builder with the [`--config` flags](../reference/buildx_create.md#config).
+
+```toml
+debug = true
+[registry."docker.io"]
+  mirrors = ["mirror.gcr.io"]
+```
+> `/etc/buildkitd.toml`
+
+> :information_source: `debug = true` has been added to be able to debug requests
+in the BuildKit daemon and see if the mirror is effectively used.
+
+Then [create a `docker-container` builder](../reference/buildx_create.md)
+that will use this BuildKit configuration:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx create --use \
+  --name mybuilder \
+  --driver docker-container \
+  --config /etc/buildkitd.toml
+```
+
+Boot and [inspect `mybuilder`](../reference/buildx_inspect.md):
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx inspect --bootstrap
+```
+
+Build an image:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --load . -f-<<EOF
+FROM alpine
+RUN echo "hello world"
+EOF
+```
+
+Now let's check the BuildKit logs in the builder container:
+
+```console
+$ docker logs buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0
+```
+```text
+...
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="do request" request.header.accept="application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json, */*" request.header.user-agent=containerd/1.5.8+unknown request.method=GET spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="fetch response received" response.header.accept-ranges=bytes response.header.age=1356 response.header.alt-svc="h3=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-29=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=\":443\"; ma=2592000,quic=\":443\"; ma=2592000; v=\"46,43\"" response.header.cache-control="public, max-age=3600" response.header.content-length=1469 response.header.content-type=application/octet-stream response.header.date="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 17:25:17 GMT" response.header.etag="\"774380abda8f4eae9a149e5d5d3efc83\"" response.header.expires="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 18:25:17 GMT" response.header.last-modified="Wed, 24 Nov 2021 21:07:57 GMT" response.header.server=UploadServer response.header.x-goog-generation=1637788077652182 response.header.x-goog-hash="crc32c=V3DSrg==" response.header.x-goog-hash.1="md5=d0OAq9qPTq6aFJ5dXT78gw==" response.header.x-goog-metageneration=1 response.header.x-goog-storage-class=STANDARD response.header.x-goog-stored-content-encoding=identity response.header.x-goog-stored-content-length=1469 response.header.x-guploader-uploadid=ADPycduqQipVAXc3tzXmTzKQ2gTT6CV736B2J628smtD1iDytEyiYCgvvdD8zz9BT1J1sASUq9pW_ctUyC4B-v2jvhIxnZTlKg response.status="200 OK" spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="fetch response received" response.header.accept-ranges=bytes response.header.age=760 response.header.alt-svc="h3=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-29=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=\":443\"; ma=2592000,quic=\":443\"; ma=2592000; v=\"46,43\"" response.header.cache-control="public, max-age=3600" response.header.content-length=1471 response.header.content-type=application/octet-stream response.header.date="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 17:35:13 GMT" response.header.etag="\"35d688bd15327daafcdb4d4395e616a8\"" response.header.expires="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 18:35:13 GMT" response.header.last-modified="Wed, 24 Nov 2021 21:07:12 GMT" response.header.server=UploadServer response.header.x-goog-generation=1637788032100793 response.header.x-goog-hash="crc32c=aWgRjA==" response.header.x-goog-hash.1="md5=NdaIvRUyfar8201DleYWqA==" response.header.x-goog-metageneration=1 response.header.x-goog-storage-class=STANDARD response.header.x-goog-stored-content-encoding=identity response.header.x-goog-stored-content-length=1471 response.header.x-guploader-uploadid=ADPycdtR-gJYwC7yHquIkJWFFG8FovDySvtmRnZBqlO3yVDanBXh_VqKYt400yhuf0XbQ3ZMB9IZV2vlcyHezn_Pu3a1SMMtiw response.status="200 OK" spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg=fetch spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg=fetch spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg=fetch spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg=fetch spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="do request" request.header.accept="application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip, */*" request.header.user-agent=containerd/1.5.8+unknown request.method=GET spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="fetch response received" response.header.accept-ranges=bytes response.header.age=1356 response.header.alt-svc="h3=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-29=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=\":443\"; ma=2592000,quic=\":443\"; ma=2592000; v=\"46,43\"" response.header.cache-control="public, max-age=3600" response.header.content-length=2818413 response.header.content-type=application/octet-stream response.header.date="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 17:25:17 GMT" response.header.etag="\"1d55e7be5a77c4a908ad11bc33ebea1c\"" response.header.expires="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 18:25:17 GMT" response.header.last-modified="Wed, 24 Nov 2021 21:07:06 GMT" response.header.server=UploadServer response.header.x-goog-generation=1637788026431708 response.header.x-goog-hash="crc32c=ZojF+g==" response.header.x-goog-hash.1="md5=HVXnvlp3xKkIrRG8M+vqHA==" response.header.x-goog-metageneration=1 response.header.x-goog-storage-class=STANDARD response.header.x-goog-stored-content-encoding=identity response.header.x-goog-stored-content-length=2818413 response.header.x-guploader-uploadid=ADPycdsebqxiTBJqZ0bv9zBigjFxgQydD2ESZSkKchpE0ILlN9Ibko3C5r4fJTJ4UR9ddp-UBd-2v_4eRpZ8Yo2llW_j4k8WhQ response.status="200 OK" spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
+...
+```
+
+As you can see, requests come from the GCR registry mirror (`response.header.x-goog*`).

docs/guides/resource-limiting.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Resource limiting
+
+## Max parallelism
+
+You can limit the parallelism of the BuildKit solver, which is particularly useful
+for low-powered machines, using a [BuildKit daemon configuration](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/buildkitd.toml.md)
+while creating a builder with the [`--config` flags](../reference/buildx_create.md#config).
+
+```toml
+[worker.oci]
+  max-parallelism = 4
+```
+> `/etc/buildkitd.toml`
+
+Now you can [create a `docker-container` builder](../reference/buildx_create.md)
+that will use this BuildKit configuration to limit parallelism.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx create --use \
+  --name mybuilder \
+  --driver docker-container \
+  --config /etc/buildkitd.toml
+```
+
+## Limit on TCP connections
+
+We are also now limiting TCP connections to **4 per registry** with an additional
+connection not used for layer pulls and pushes. This limitation will be able to
+manage TCP connection per host to avoid your build being stuck while pulling
+images. The additional connection is used for metadata requests
+(image config retrieval) to enhance the overall build time.
+
+More info: [moby/buildkit#2259](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/pull/2259)

docs/reference/buildx.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ docker buildx [OPTIONS] COMMAND
 ```
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_START-->
-Build with BuildKit
+Extended build capabilities with BuildKit
 
 ### Subcommands
 
@@ -27,5 +27,17 @@ Build with BuildKit
 | [`version`](buildx_version.md) | Show buildx version information |
 
 
+### Options
+
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
+
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
+
+## Examples
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+You can also use the `BUILDX_BUILDER` environment variable.

docs/reference/buildx_bake.md

@@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ Build from a file
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
-| [`-f`](#file), [`--file stringArray`](#file) | Build definition file |
+| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file) | `stringArray` |  | Build definition file |
-| `--load` | Shorthand for --set=*.output=type=docker |
+| `--load` |  |  | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=docker` |
-| `--metadata-file string` | Write build result metadata to the file |
+| `--metadata-file` | `string` |  | Write build result metadata to the file |
-| [`--no-cache`](#no-cache) | Do not use cache when building the image |
+| [`--no-cache`](#no-cache) |  |  | Do not use cache when building the image |
-| [`--print`](#print) | Print the options without building |
+| [`--print`](#print) |  |  | Print the options without building |
-| [`--progress string`](#progress) | Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty). Use plain to show container output |
+| [`--progress`](#progress) | `string` | `auto` | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container output |
-| [`--pull`](#pull) | Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image |
+| [`--pull`](#pull) |  |  | Always attempt to pull all referenced images |
-| `--push` | Shorthand for --set=*.output=type=registry |
+| `--push` |  |  | Shorthand for `--set=*.output=type=registry` |
-| [`--set stringArray`](#set) | Override target value (eg: targetpattern.key=value) |
+| [`--set`](#set) | `stringArray` |  | Override target value (e.g., `targetpattern.key=value`) |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -34,16 +34,23 @@ Build from a file
 Bake is a high-level build command. Each specified target will run in parallel
 as part of the build.
 
-Read [High-level build options](https://github.com/docker/buildx#high-level-build-options) for introduction.
+Read [High-level build options](https://github.com/docker/buildx#high-level-build-options)
+for introduction.
 
-Please note that `buildx bake` command may receive backwards incompatible features in the future if needed. We are looking for feedback on improving the command and extending the functionality further.
+Please note that `buildx bake` command may receive backwards incompatible
+features in the future if needed. We are looking for feedback on improving the
+command and extending the functionality further.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
+
 ### <a name="file"></a> Specify a build definition file (-f, --file)
 
-By default, `buildx bake` looks for build definition files in the current directory,
+By default, `buildx bake` looks for build definition files in the current
-the following are parsed:
+directory, the following are parsed:
 
 - `docker-compose.yml`
 - `docker-compose.yaml`
@@ -89,27 +96,148 @@ $ docker buildx bake -f docker-compose.dev.yaml backend database
  ...
 ```
 
+You can also use a remote `git` bake definition:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11" --print
+#1 [internal] load git source https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11
+#1 0.745 e8f1871b077b64bcb4a13334b7146492773769f7       refs/tags/v20.10.11
+#1 2.022 From https://github.com/docker/cli
+#1 2.022  * [new tag]         v20.10.11  -> v20.10.11
+#1 DONE 2.9s
+{
+  "group": {
+    "default": {
+      "targets": [
+        "binary"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "binary": {
+      "context": "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "BASE_VARIANT": "alpine",
+        "GO_STRIP": "",
+        "VERSION": ""
+      },
+      "target": "binary",
+      "platforms": [
+        "local"
+      ],
+      "output": [
+        "build"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+As you can see the context is fixed to `https://github.com/docker/cli.git` even if
+[no context is actually defined](https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/2776a6d694f988c0c1df61cad4bfac0f54e481c8/docker-bake.hcl#L17-L26)
+in the definition.
+
+If you want to access the main context for bake command from a bake file
+that has been imported remotely, you can use the `BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT` builtin var:
+
+```console
+$ cat https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tonistiigi/buildx/remote-test/docker-bake.hcl
+target "default" {
+  context = BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT
+  dockerfile-inline = <<EOT
+FROM alpine
+WORKDIR /src
+COPY . .
+RUN ls -l && stop
+EOT
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test" --print
+{
+  "target": {
+    "default": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "dockerfile-inline": "FROM alpine\nWORKDIR /src\nCOPY . .\nRUN ls -l \u0026\u0026 stop\n"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ touch foo bar
+$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test"
+...
+ > [4/4] RUN ls -l && stop:
+#8 0.101 total 0
+#8 0.102 -rw-r--r--    1 root     root             0 Jul 27 18:47 bar
+#8 0.102 -rw-r--r--    1 root     root             0 Jul 27 18:47 foo
+#8 0.102 /bin/sh: stop: not found
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test" "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11" --print
+#1 [internal] load git source https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test
+#1 0.429 577303add004dd7efeb13434d69ea030d35f7888       refs/heads/remote-test
+#1 CACHED
+{
+  "target": {
+    "default": {
+      "context": "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "dockerfile-inline": "FROM alpine\nWORKDIR /src\nCOPY . .\nRUN ls -l \u0026\u0026 stop\n"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake "https://github.com/tonistiigi/buildx.git#remote-test" "https://github.com/docker/cli.git#v20.10.11"
+...
+ > [4/4] RUN ls -l && stop:
+#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    5 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 kubernetes
+#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    3 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 man
+#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    2 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 opts
+#8 0.136 -rw-rw-rw-    1 root     root          1893 Jul 27 18:31 poule.yml
+#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    7 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 scripts
+#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    3 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 service
+#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx    2 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 templates
+#8 0.136 drwxrwxrwx   10 root     root          4096 Jul 27 18:31 vendor
+#8 0.136 -rwxrwxrwx    1 root     root          9620 Jul 27 18:31 vendor.conf
+#8 0.136 /bin/sh: stop: not found
+```
+
 ### <a name="no-cache"></a> Do not use cache when building the image (--no-cache)
 
 Same as `build --no-cache`. Do not use cache when building the image.
 
 ### <a name="print"></a> Print the options without building (--print)
 
-Prints the resulting options of the targets desired to be built, in a JSON format,
+Prints the resulting options of the targets desired to be built, in a JSON
-without starting a build.
+format, without starting a build.
 
 ```console
 $ docker buildx bake -f docker-bake.hcl --print db
 {
-   "target": {
+  "group": {
-      "db": {
+    "default": {
-         "context": "./",
+      "targets": [
-         "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+        "db"
-         "tags": [
+      ]
-            "docker.io/tiborvass/db"
+    }
-         ]
+  },
-      }
+  "target": {
-   }
+    "db": {
+      "context": "./",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "tags": [
+        "docker.io/tiborvass/db"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
 }
 ```
 
@@ -136,7 +264,6 @@ $ docker buildx bake --progress=plain
 ...
 ```
 
-
 ### <a name="pull"></a> Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image (--pull)
 
 Same as `build --pull`.
@@ -147,10 +274,8 @@ Same as `build --pull`.
 --set targetpattern.key[.subkey]=value
 ```
 
-Override target configurations from command line. The pattern matching syntax is
+Override target configurations from command line. The pattern matching syntax
-defined in https://golang.org/pkg/path/#Match.
+is defined in https://golang.org/pkg/path/#Match.
-
-**Examples**
 
 ```console
 $ docker buildx bake --set target.args.mybuildarg=value
@@ -161,8 +286,8 @@ $ docker buildx bake --set foo*.no-cache              # bypass caching only for
 ```
 
 Complete list of overridable fields:
-args, cache-from, cache-to, context, dockerfile, labels, no-cache, output, platform,
+`args`, `cache-from`, `cache-to`, `context`, `dockerfile`, `labels`, `no-cache`,
-pull, secrets, ssh, tags, target
+`output`, `platform`, `pull`, `secrets`, `ssh`, `tags`, `target`
 
 ### File definition
 
@@ -184,8 +309,7 @@ groups to inherit from.
 Note: Design of bake command is work in progress, the user experience may change
 based on feedback.
 
-
+HCL definition example:
-**Example HCL definition**
 
 ```hcl
 group "default" {
@@ -210,21 +334,104 @@ target "db" {
 
 Complete list of valid target fields:
 
-`args`, `cache-from`, `cache-to`, `context`, `dockerfile`, `inherits`, `labels`,
+`args`, `cache-from`, `cache-to`, `context`, `contexts`, `dockerfile`, `inherits`, `labels`,
-`no-cache`, `output`, `platform`, `pull`, `secrets`, `ssh`, `tags`, `target`
+`no-cache`, `no-cache-filter`, `output`, `platform`, `pull`, `secrets`, `ssh`, `tags`, `target`
+
+### Global scope attributes
+
+You can define global scope attributes in HCL/JSON and use them for code reuse
+and setting values for variables. This means you can do a "data-only" HCL file
+with the values you want to set/override and use it in the list of regular
+output files.
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
+variable "FOO" {
+    default = "abc"
+}
+
+target "app" {
+    args = {
+        v1 = "pre-${FOO}"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+You can use this file directly:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake --print app
+{
+  "group": {
+    "default": {
+      "targets": [
+        "app"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "app": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "v1": "pre-abc"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Or create an override configuration file:
+
+```hcl
+# env.hcl
+WHOAMI="myuser"
+FOO="def-${WHOAMI}"
+```
+
+And invoke bake together with both of the files:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake -f docker-bake.hcl -f env.hcl --print app
+{
+  "group": {
+    "default": {
+      "targets": [
+        "app"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "app": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "v1": "pre-def-myuser"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
 
 ### HCL variables and functions
 
 Similar to how Terraform provides a way to [define variables](https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/variables.html#declaring-an-input-variable),
 the HCL file format also supports variable block definitions. These can be used
-to define variables with values provided by the current environment, or a default
+to define variables with values provided by the current environment, or a
-value when unset.
+default value when unset.
 
+A [set of generally useful functions](https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/master/bake/hclparser/stdlib.go)
+provided by [go-cty](https://github.com/zclconf/go-cty/tree/main/cty/function/stdlib)
+are available for use in HCL files. In addition, [user defined functions](https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl/tree/main/ext/userfunc)
+are also supported.
 
-Example of using interpolation to tag an image with the git sha:
+#### Using interpolation to tag an image with the git sha
 
-```console
+Bake supports variable blocks which are assigned to matching environment
-$ cat <<'EOF' > docker-bake.hcl
+variables or default values.
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
 variable "TAG" {
     default = "latest"
 }
@@ -236,45 +443,81 @@ group "default" {
 target "webapp" {
     tags = ["docker.io/username/webapp:${TAG}"]
 }
-EOF
+```
 
-$ docker buildx bake --print webapp
+alternatively, in json format:
-{
-   "target": {
-      "webapp": {
-         "context": ".",
-         "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
-         "tags": [
-            "docker.io/username/webapp:latest"
-         ]
-      }
-   }
-}
 
-$ TAG=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) docker buildx bake --print webapp
+```json
 {
-   "target": {
+  "variable": {
-      "webapp": {
+    "TAG": {
-         "context": ".",
+      "default": "latest"
-         "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+    }
-         "tags": [
+  }
-            "docker.io/username/webapp:985e9e9"
+  "group": {
-         ]
+    "default": {
-      }
+      "targets": ["webapp"]
-   }
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "webapp": {
+      "tags": ["docker.io/username/webapp:${TAG}"]
+    }
+  }
 }
 ```
 
-
+```console
-A [set of generally useful functions](https://github.com/docker/buildx/blob/master/bake/hclparser/stdlib.go)
+$ docker buildx bake --print webapp
-provided by [go-cty](https://github.com/zclconf/go-cty/tree/main/cty/function/stdlib)
+{
-are available for use in HCL files. In addition, [user defined functions](https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl/tree/main/ext/userfunc)
+  "group": {
-are also supported.
+    "default": {
-
+      "targets": [
-Example of using the `add` function:
+        "webapp"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "webapp": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "tags": [
+        "docker.io/username/webapp:latest"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
 
 ```console
-$ cat <<'EOF' > docker-bake.hcl
+$ TAG=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) docker buildx bake --print webapp
+{
+  "group": {
+    "default": {
+      "targets": [
+        "webapp"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "webapp": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "tags": [
+        "docker.io/username/webapp:985e9e9"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### Using the `add` function
+
+You can use [`go-cty` stdlib functions](https://github.com/zclconf/go-cty/tree/main/cty/function/stdlib).
+Here we are using the `add` function.
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
 variable "TAG" {
     default = "latest"
 }
@@ -288,26 +531,37 @@ target "webapp" {
         buildno = "${add(123, 1)}"
     }
 }
-EOF
+```
 
+```console
 $ docker buildx bake --print webapp
 {
-   "target": {
+  "group": {
-      "webapp": {
+    "default": {
-         "context": ".",
+      "targets": [
-         "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+        "webapp"
-         "args": {
+      ]
-            "buildno": "124"
+    }
-         }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "webapp": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "buildno": "124"
       }
-   }
+    }
+  }
 }
 ```
 
-Example of defining an `increment` function:
+#### Defining an `increment` function
 
-```console
+It also supports [user defined functions](https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl/tree/main/ext/userfunc).
-$ cat <<'EOF' > docker-bake.hcl
+The following example defines a simple an `increment` function.
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
 function "increment" {
     params = [number]
     result = number + 1
@@ -322,27 +576,37 @@ target "webapp" {
         buildno = "${increment(123)}"
     }
 }
-EOF
+```
 
+```console
 $ docker buildx bake --print webapp
 {
-   "target": {
+  "group": {
-      "webapp": {
+    "default": {
-         "context": ".",
+      "targets": [
-         "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+        "webapp"
-         "args": {
+      ]
-            "buildno": "124"
+    }
-         }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "webapp": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "buildno": "124"
       }
-   }
+    }
+  }
 }
 ```
 
-Example of only adding tags if a variable is not empty using an `notequal`
+#### Only adding tags if a variable is not empty using an `notequal`
-function:
 
-```console
+Here we are using the conditional `notequal` function which is just for
-$ cat <<'EOF' > docker-bake.hcl
+symmetry with the `equal` one.
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
 variable "TAG" {default="" }
 
 group "default" {
@@ -359,18 +623,364 @@ target "webapp" {
         notequal("",TAG) ? "my-image:${TAG}": "",
     ]
 }
-EOF
+```
 
+```console
 $ docker buildx bake --print webapp
 {
-   "target": {
+  "group": {
-      "webapp": {
+    "default": {
-         "context": ".",
+      "targets": [
-         "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+        "webapp"
-         "tags": [
+      ]
-            "my-image:latest"
+    }
-         ]
+  },
-      }
+  "target": {
-   }
+    "webapp": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "tags": [
+        "my-image:latest"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
 }
 ```
+
+#### Using variables in functions
+
+You can refer variables to other variables like the target blocks can. Stdlib
+functions can also be called but user functions can't at the moment.
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
+variable "REPO" {
+    default = "user/repo"
+}
+
+function "tag" {
+    params = [tag]
+    result = ["${REPO}:${tag}"]
+}
+
+target "webapp" {
+    tags = tag("v1")
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake --print webapp
+{
+  "group": {
+    "default": {
+      "targets": [
+        "webapp"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "webapp": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "tags": [
+        "user/repo:v1"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### Using variables in variables across files
+
+When multiple files are specified, one file can use variables defined in
+another file.
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake1.hcl
+variable "FOO" {
+    default = upper("${BASE}def")
+}
+
+variable "BAR" {
+    default = "-${FOO}-"
+}
+
+target "app" {
+    args = {
+        v1 = "pre-${BAR}"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake2.hcl
+variable "BASE" {
+    default = "abc"
+}
+
+target "app" {
+    args = {
+        v2 = "${FOO}-post"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake -f docker-bake1.hcl -f docker-bake2.hcl --print app
+{
+  "group": {
+    "default": {
+      "targets": [
+        "app"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "app": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "v1": "pre--ABCDEF-",
+        "v2": "ABCDEF-post"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### Using typed variables
+
+Non-string variables are also accepted. The value passed with env is parsed
+into suitable type first.
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
+variable "FOO" {
+    default = 3
+}
+
+variable "IS_FOO" {
+    default = true
+}
+
+target "app" {
+    args = {
+        v1 = FOO > 5 ? "higher" : "lower" 
+        v2 = IS_FOO ? "yes" : "no"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake --print app
+{
+  "group": {
+    "default": {
+      "targets": [
+        "app"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "app": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "v1": "lower",
+        "v2": "yes"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Defining additional build contexts and linking targets
+
+In addition to the main `context` key that defines the build context each target can also define additional named contexts with a map defined with key `contexts`. These values map to the `--build-context` flag in the [build command](buildx_build.md#build-context).
+
+Inside the Dockerfile these contexts can be used with the `FROM` instruction or `--from` flag.
+
+The value can be a local source directory, container image (with docker-image:// prefix), Git URL, HTTP URL or a name of another target in the Bake file (with target: prefix).
+
+#### Pinning alpine image
+
+```Dockerfile
+# Dockerfile
+FROM alpine
+RUN echo "Hello world"
+```
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
+target "app" {
+    contexts = {
+        alpine = "docker-image://alpine:3.13"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+#### Using a secondary source directory
+
+```Dockerfile
+# Dockerfile
+
+FROM scratch AS src
+
+FROM golang
+COPY --from=src . .
+```
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
+target "app" {
+    contexts = {
+        src = "../path/to/source"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+#### Using a result of one target as a base image in another target
+
+To use a result of one target as a build context of another, specity the target name with `target:` prefix.
+
+```Dockerfile
+# Dockerfile
+FROM baseapp
+RUN echo "Hello world"
+```
+
+```hcl
+# docker-bake.hcl
+
+target "base" {
+    dockerfile = "baseapp.Dockerfile"
+}
+
+target "app" {
+    contexts = {
+        baseapp = "target:base"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Please note that in most cases you should just use a single multi-stage Dockerfile with multiple targets for similar behavior. This case is recommended when you have multiple Dockerfiles that can't be easily merged into one.
+
+### Extension field with Compose
+
+[Special extension](https://github.com/compose-spec/compose-spec/blob/master/spec.md#extension)
+field `x-bake` can be used in your compose file to evaluate fields that are not
+(yet) available in the [build definition](https://github.com/compose-spec/compose-spec/blob/master/build.md#build-definition).
+
+```yaml
+# docker-compose.yml
+services:
+  addon:
+    image: ct-addon:bar
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ./Dockerfile
+      args:
+        CT_ECR: foo
+        CT_TAG: bar
+      x-bake:
+        tags:
+          - ct-addon:foo
+          - ct-addon:alp
+        platforms:
+          - linux/amd64
+          - linux/arm64
+        cache-from:
+          - user/app:cache
+          - type=local,src=path/to/cache
+        cache-to: type=local,dest=path/to/cache
+        pull: true
+
+  aws:
+    image: ct-fake-aws:bar
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./aws.Dockerfile
+      args:
+        CT_ECR: foo
+        CT_TAG: bar
+      x-bake:
+        secret:
+          - id=mysecret,src=./secret
+          - id=mysecret2,src=./secret2
+        platforms: linux/arm64
+        output: type=docker
+        no-cache: true
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake --print
+{
+  "group": {
+    "default": {
+      "targets": [
+        "aws",
+        "addon"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "target": {
+    "addon": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "./Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "CT_ECR": "foo",
+        "CT_TAG": "bar"
+      },
+      "tags": [
+        "ct-addon:foo",
+        "ct-addon:alp"
+      ],
+      "cache-from": [
+        "user/app:cache",
+        "type=local,src=path/to/cache"
+      ],
+      "cache-to": [
+        "type=local,dest=path/to/cache"
+      ],
+      "platforms": [
+        "linux/amd64",
+        "linux/arm64"
+      ],
+      "pull": true
+    },
+    "aws": {
+      "context": ".",
+      "dockerfile": "./aws.Dockerfile",
+      "args": {
+        "CT_ECR": "foo",
+        "CT_TAG": "bar"
+      },
+      "tags": [
+        "ct-fake-aws:bar"
+      ],
+      "secret": [
+        "id=mysecret,src=./secret",
+        "id=mysecret2,src=./secret2"
+      ],
+      "platforms": [
+        "linux/arm64"
+      ],
+      "output": [
+        "type=docker"
+      ],
+      "no-cache": true
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Complete list of valid fields for `x-bake`:
+
+`tags`, `cache-from`, `cache-to`, `secret`, `ssh`, `platforms`, `output`,
+`pull`, `no-cache`, `no-cache-filter`
+
+### Built-in variables
+
+* `BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT` can be used to access the main `context` for bake command
+from a bake file that has been [imported remotely](#file).
+* `BAKE_LOCAL_PLATFORM` returns the current platform's default platform
+specification (e.g. `linux/amd64`).

docs/reference/buildx_build.md

@@ -13,30 +13,36 @@ Start a build
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| [`--add-host stringSlice`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#add-entries-to-container-hosts-file---add-host) | Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) |
+| [`--add-host`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#add-entries-to-container-hosts-file---add-host) | `stringSlice` |  | Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (format: `host:ip`) |
-| [`--allow stringSlice`](#allow) | Allow extra privileged entitlement, e.g. network.host, security.insecure |
+| [`--allow`](#allow) | `stringSlice` |  | Allow extra privileged entitlement (e.g., `network.host`, `security.insecure`) |
-| [`--build-arg stringArray`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#set-build-time-variables---build-arg) | Set build-time variables |
+| [`--build-arg`](#build-arg) | `stringArray` |  | Set build-time variables |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--build-context`](#build-context) | `stringArray` |  | Additional build contexts (e.g., name=path) |
-| [`--cache-from stringArray`](#cache-from) | External cache sources (eg. user/app:cache, type=local,src=path/to/dir) |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
-| [`--cache-to stringArray`](#cache-to) | Cache export destinations (eg. user/app:cache, type=local,dest=path/to/dir) |
+| [`--cache-from`](#cache-from) | `stringArray` |  | External cache sources (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,src=path/to/dir`) |
-| [`-f`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specify-a-dockerfile--f), [`--file string`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specify-a-dockerfile--f) | Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile') |
+| [`--cache-to`](#cache-to) | `stringArray` |  | Cache export destinations (e.g., `user/app:cache`, `type=local,dest=path/to/dir`) |
-| `--iidfile string` | Write the image ID to the file |
+| [`--cgroup-parent`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#use-a-custom-parent-cgroup---cgroup-parent) | `string` |  | Optional parent cgroup for the container |
-| `--label stringArray` | Set metadata for an image |
+| [`-f`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specify-a-dockerfile--f), [`--file`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specify-a-dockerfile--f) | `string` |  | Name of the Dockerfile (default: `PATH/Dockerfile`) |
-| [`--load`](#load) | Shorthand for --output=type=docker |
+| `--iidfile` | `string` |  | Write the image ID to the file |
-| `--metadata-file string` | Write build result metadata to the file |
+| `--label` | `stringArray` |  | Set metadata for an image |
-| `--network string` | Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build |
+| [`--load`](#load) |  |  | Shorthand for `--output=type=docker` |
-| `--no-cache` | Do not use cache when building the image |
+| [`--metadata-file`](#metadata-file) | `string` |  | Write build result metadata to the file |
-| [`-o`](#output), [`--output stringArray`](#output) | Output destination (format: type=local,dest=path) |
+| `--network` | `string` | `default` | Set the networking mode for the `RUN` instructions during build |
-| [`--platform stringArray`](#platform) | Set target platform for build |
+| `--no-cache` |  |  | Do not use cache when building the image |
-| [`--progress string`](#progress) | Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty). Use plain to show container output |
+| `--no-cache-filter` | `stringArray` |  | Do not cache specified stages |
-| `--pull` | Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image |
+| [`-o`](#output), [`--output`](#output) | `stringArray` |  | Output destination (format: `type=local,dest=path`) |
-| [`--push`](#push) | Shorthand for --output=type=registry |
+| [`--platform`](#platform) | `stringArray` |  | Set target platform for build |
-| `--secret stringArray` | Secret file to expose to the build: id=mysecret,src=/local/secret |
+| [`--progress`](#progress) | `string` | `auto` | Set type of progress output (`auto`, `plain`, `tty`). Use plain to show container output |
-| `--ssh stringArray` | SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: default|<id>[=<socket>|<key>[,<key>]]) |
+| `--pull` |  |  | Always attempt to pull all referenced images |
-| [`-t`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#tag-an-image--t), [`--tag stringArray`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#tag-an-image--t) | Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format |
+| [`--push`](#push) |  |  | Shorthand for `--output=type=registry` |
-| [`--target string`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specifying-target-build-stage---target) | Set the target build stage to build. |
+| `-q`, `--quiet` |  |  | Suppress the build output and print image ID on success |
+| [`--secret`](#secret) | `stringArray` |  | Secret to expose to the build (format: `id=mysecret[,src=/local/secret]`) |
+| [`--shm-size`](#shm-size) | `bytes` | `0` | Size of `/dev/shm` |
+| [`--ssh`](#ssh) | `stringArray` |  | SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (format: `default\|<id>[=<socket>\|<key>[,<key>]]`) |
+| [`-t`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#tag-an-image--t), [`--tag`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#tag-an-image--t) | `stringArray` |  | Name and optionally a tag (format: `name:tag`) |
+| [`--target`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#specifying-target-build-stage---target) | `string` |  | Set the target build stage to build |
+| [`--ulimit`](#ulimit) | `ulimit` |  | Ulimit options |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -48,76 +54,200 @@ to the UI of `docker build` command and takes the same flags and arguments.
 
 For documentation on most of these flags, refer to the [`docker build`
 documentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/). In
-here we’ll document a subset of the new flags.
+here we'll document a subset of the new flags.
 
 ## Examples
 
-### <a name="platform"></a> Set the target platforms for the build (--platform)
+### <a name="allow"></a> Allow extra privileged entitlement (--allow)
 
 ```
---platform=value[,value]
+--allow=ENTITLEMENT
 ```
 
-Set the target platform for the build. All `FROM` commands inside the Dockerfile
+Allow extra privileged entitlement. List of entitlements:
-without their own `--platform` flag will pull base images for this platform and
-this value will also be the platform of the resulting image. The default value
-will be the current platform of the buildkit daemon.
 
-When using `docker-container` driver with `buildx`, this flag can accept multiple
+- `network.host` - Allows executions with host networking.
-values as an input separated by a comma. With multiple values the result will be
+- `security.insecure` - Allows executions without sandbox. See
-built for all of the specified platforms and joined together into a single manifest
+  [related Dockerfile extensions](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/frontend/dockerfile/docs/experimental.md#run---securityinsecuresandbox).
-list.
 
-If the `Dockerfile` needs to invoke the `RUN` command, the builder needs runtime
+For entitlements to be enabled, the `buildkitd` daemon also needs to allow them
-support for the specified platform. In a clean setup, you can only execute `RUN`
+with `--allow-insecure-entitlement` (see [`create --buildkitd-flags`](buildx_create.md#buildkitd-flags))
-commands for your system architecture.
-If your kernel supports [`binfmt_misc`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binfmt_misc)
-launchers for secondary architectures, buildx will pick them up automatically.
-Docker desktop releases come with `binfmt_misc` automatically configured for `arm64`
-and `arm` architectures. You can see what runtime platforms your current builder
-instance supports by running `docker buildx inspect --bootstrap`.
-
-Inside a `Dockerfile`, you can access the current platform value through
-`TARGETPLATFORM` build argument. Please refer to the [`docker build`
-documentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#automatic-platform-args-in-the-global-scope)
-for the full description of automatic platform argument variants .
-
-The formatting for the platform specifier is defined in the [containerd source
-code](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/v1.4.3/platforms/platforms.go#L63).
 
 **Examples**
 
 ```console
-$ docker buildx build --platform=linux/arm64 .
+$ docker buildx create --use --name insecure-builder --buildkitd-flags '--allow-insecure-entitlement security.insecure'
-$ docker buildx build --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7 .
+$ docker buildx build --allow security.insecure .
-$ docker buildx build --platform=darwin .
 ```
 
-### <a name="progress"></a> Set type of progress output (--progress)
+### <a name="build-arg"></a> Set build-time variables (--build-arg)
 
-```
+Same as [`docker build` command](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/#set-build-time-variables---build-arg).
---progress=VALUE
-```
 
-Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty). Use plain to show container
+There are also useful built-in build args like:
-output (default "auto").
 
-> You can also use the `BUILDKIT_PROGRESS` environment variable to set
+* `BUILDKIT_CONTEXT_KEEP_GIT_DIR=<bool>` trigger git context to keep the `.git` directory
-> its value.
+* `BUILDKIT_INLINE_BUILDINFO_ATTRS=<bool>` inline build info attributes in image config or not
-
+* `BUILDKIT_INLINE_CACHE=<bool>` inline cache metadata to image config or not
-The following example uses `plain` output during the build:
+* `BUILDKIT_MULTI_PLATFORM=<bool>` opt into determnistic output regardless of multi-platform output or not
 
 ```console
-$ docker buildx build --load --progress=plain .
+$ docker buildx build --build-arg BUILDKIT_MULTI_PLATFORM=1 .
+```
 
-#1 [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile
+More built-in build args can be found in [dockerfile frontend docs](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/frontend/dockerfile/docs/syntax.md#built-in-build-args).
-#1 transferring dockerfile: 227B 0.0s done
-#1 DONE 0.1s
 
-#2 [internal] load .dockerignore
+### <a name="build-context"></a> Additional build contexts (--build-context)
-#2 transferring context: 129B 0.0s done
+
-#2 DONE 0.0s
+```
-...
+--build-context=name=VALUE
+```
+
+Define additional build context with specified contents. In Dockerfile the context can be accessed when `FROM name` or `--from=name` is used.
+When Dockerfile defines a stage with the same name it is overwritten.
+
+The value can be a local source directory, container image (with docker-image:// prefix), Git or HTTP URL.
+
+Replace `alpine:latest` with a pinned one:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --build-context alpine=docker-image://alpine@sha256:0123456789 .
+```
+
+Expose a secondary local source directory:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --build-context project=path/to/project/source .
+# docker buildx build --build-context project=https://github.com/myuser/project.git .
+```
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM alpine
+COPY --from=project myfile /
+```
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
+
+### <a name="cache-from"></a> Use an external cache source for a build (--cache-from)
+
+```
+--cache-from=[NAME|type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]]
+```
+
+Use an external cache source for a build. Supported types are `registry`,
+`local` and `gha`.
+
+- [`registry` source](https://github.com/moby/buildkit#registry-push-image-and-cache-separately)
+  can import cache from a cache manifest or (special) image configuration on the
+  registry.
+- [`local` source](https://github.com/moby/buildkit#local-directory-1) can
+  import cache from local files previously exported with `--cache-to`.
+- [`gha` source](https://github.com/moby/buildkit#github-actions-cache-experimental)
+  can import cache from a previously exported cache with `--cache-to` in your
+  GitHub repository
+
+If no type is specified, `registry` exporter is used with a specified reference.
+
+`docker` driver currently only supports importing build cache from the registry.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --cache-from=user/app:cache .
+$ docker buildx build --cache-from=user/app .
+$ docker buildx build --cache-from=type=registry,ref=user/app .
+$ docker buildx build --cache-from=type=local,src=path/to/cache .
+$ docker buildx build --cache-from=type=gha .
+```
+
+More info about cache exporters and available attributes: https://github.com/moby/buildkit#export-cache
+
+### <a name="cache-to"></a> Export build cache to an external cache destination (--cache-to)
+
+```
+--cache-to=[NAME|type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]]
+```
+
+Export build cache to an external cache destination. Supported types are
+`registry`, `local`, `inline` and `gha`.
+
+- [`registry` type](https://github.com/moby/buildkit#registry-push-image-and-cache-separately) exports build cache to a cache manifest in the registry.
+- [`local` type](https://github.com/moby/buildkit#local-directory-1) type
+  exports cache to a local directory on the client.
+- [`inline` type](https://github.com/moby/buildkit#inline-push-image-and-cache-together)
+  type writes the cache metadata into the image configuration.
+- [`gha` type](https://github.com/moby/buildkit#github-actions-cache-experimental)
+  type exports cache through the [Github Actions Cache service API](https://github.com/tonistiigi/go-actions-cache/blob/master/api.md#authentication).
+
+`docker` driver currently only supports exporting inline cache metadata to image
+configuration. Alternatively, `--build-arg BUILDKIT_INLINE_CACHE=1` can be used
+to trigger inline cache exporter.
+
+Attribute key:
+
+- `mode` - Specifies how many layers are exported with the cache. `min` on only
+  exports layers already in the final build stage, `max` exports layers for
+  all stages. Metadata is always exported for the whole build.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --cache-to=user/app:cache .
+$ docker buildx build --cache-to=type=inline .
+$ docker buildx build --cache-to=type=registry,ref=user/app .
+$ docker buildx build --cache-to=type=local,dest=path/to/cache .
+$ docker buildx build --cache-to=type=gha .
+```
+
+More info about cache exporters and available attributes: https://github.com/moby/buildkit#export-cache
+
+### <a name="load"></a> Load the single-platform build result to `docker images` (--load)
+
+Shorthand for [`--output=type=docker`](#docker). Will automatically load the
+single-platform build result to `docker images`.
+
+### <a name="metadata-file"></a> Write build result metadata to the file (--metadata-file)
+
+To output build metadata such as the image digest, pass the `--metadata-file` flag.
+The metadata will be written as a JSON object to the specified file. The
+directory of the specified file must already exist and be writable.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --load --metadata-file metadata.json .
+$ cat metadata.json
+```
+```json
+{
+  "containerimage.buildinfo": {
+    "frontend": "dockerfile.v0",
+    "attrs": {
+      "context": "https://github.com/crazy-max/buildkit-buildsources-test.git#master",
+      "filename": "Dockerfile",
+      "source": "docker/dockerfile:master"
+    },
+    "sources": [
+      {
+        "type": "docker-image",
+        "ref": "docker.io/docker/buildx-bin:0.6.1@sha256:a652ced4a4141977c7daaed0a074dcd9844a78d7d2615465b12f433ae6dd29f0",
+        "pin": "sha256:a652ced4a4141977c7daaed0a074dcd9844a78d7d2615465b12f433ae6dd29f0"
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "docker-image",
+        "ref": "docker.io/library/alpine:3.13",
+        "pin": "sha256:026f721af4cf2843e07bba648e158fb35ecc876d822130633cc49f707f0fc88c"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "containerimage.config.digest": "sha256:2937f66a9722f7f4a2df583de2f8cb97fc9196059a410e7f00072fc918930e66",
+  "containerimage.descriptor": {
+    "annotations": {
+      "config.digest": "sha256:2937f66a9722f7f4a2df583de2f8cb97fc9196059a410e7f00072fc918930e66",
+      "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2022-02-08T21:28:03Z"
+    },
+    "digest": "sha256:19ffeab6f8bc9293ac2c3fdf94ebe28396254c993aea0b5a542cfb02e0883fa3",
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
+    "size": 506
+  },
+  "containerimage.digest": "sha256:19ffeab6f8bc9293ac2c3fdf94ebe28396254c993aea0b5a542cfb02e0883fa3"
+}
 ```
 
 ### <a name="output"></a> Set the export action for the build result (-o, --output)
@@ -138,8 +268,6 @@ If just the path is specified as a value, `buildx` will use the local exporter
 with this path as the destination. If the value is "-", `buildx` will use `tar`
 exporter and write to `stdout`.
 
-**Examples**
-
 ```console
 $ docker buildx build -o . .
 $ docker buildx build -o outdir .
@@ -193,7 +321,7 @@ The most common usecase for multi-platform images is to directly push to a regis
 Attribute keys:
 
 - `dest` - destination path where tarball will be written. If not specified the
-tar will be loaded automatically to the current docker instance.
+  tar will be loaded automatically to the current docker instance.
 - `context` - name for the docker context where to import the result
 
 #### `image`
@@ -211,89 +339,174 @@ Attribute keys:
 
 The `registry` exporter is a shortcut for `type=image,push=true`.
 
+### <a name="platform"></a> Set the target platforms for the build (--platform)
+
+```
+--platform=value[,value]
+```
+
+Set the target platform for the build. All `FROM` commands inside the Dockerfile
+without their own `--platform` flag will pull base images for this platform and
+this value will also be the platform of the resulting image. The default value
+will be the current platform of the buildkit daemon.
+
+When using `docker-container` driver with `buildx`, this flag can accept multiple
+values as an input separated by a comma. With multiple values the result will be
+built for all of the specified platforms and joined together into a single manifest
+list.
+
+If the `Dockerfile` needs to invoke the `RUN` command, the builder needs runtime
+support for the specified platform. In a clean setup, you can only execute `RUN`
+commands for your system architecture.
+If your kernel supports [`binfmt_misc`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binfmt_misc)
+launchers for secondary architectures, buildx will pick them up automatically.
+Docker desktop releases come with `binfmt_misc` automatically configured for `arm64`
+and `arm` architectures. You can see what runtime platforms your current builder
+instance supports by running `docker buildx inspect --bootstrap`.
+
+Inside a `Dockerfile`, you can access the current platform value through
+`TARGETPLATFORM` build argument. Please refer to the [`docker build`
+documentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#automatic-platform-args-in-the-global-scope)
+for the full description of automatic platform argument variants .
+
+The formatting for the platform specifier is defined in the [containerd source
+code](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/v1.4.3/platforms/platforms.go#L63).
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --platform=linux/arm64 .
+$ docker buildx build --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7 .
+$ docker buildx build --platform=darwin .
+```
+
+### <a name="progress"></a> Set type of progress output (--progress)
+
+```
+--progress=VALUE
+```
+
+Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty). Use plain to show container
+output (default "auto").
+
+> You can also use the `BUILDKIT_PROGRESS` environment variable to set
+> its value.
+
+The following example uses `plain` output during the build:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --load --progress=plain .
+
+#1 [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile
+#1 transferring dockerfile: 227B 0.0s done
+#1 DONE 0.1s
+
+#2 [internal] load .dockerignore
+#2 transferring context: 129B 0.0s done
+#2 DONE 0.0s
+...
+```
 
 ### <a name="push"></a> Push the build result to a registry (--push)
 
 Shorthand for [`--output=type=registry`](#registry). Will automatically push the
 build result to registry.
 
-### <a name="load"></a> Load the single-platform build result to `docker images` (--load)
+### <a name="secret"></a> Secret to expose to the build (--secret)
-
-Shorthand for [`--output=type=docker`](#docker). Will automatically load the
-single-platform build result to `docker images`.
-
-### <a name="cache-from"></a> Use an external cache source for a build (--cache-from)
 
 ```
---cache-from=[NAME|type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]]
+--secret=[type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]
 ```
 
-Use an external cache source for a build. Supported types are `registry` and `local`.
+Exposes secret to the build. The secret can be used by the build using
-The `registry` source can import cache from a cache manifest or (special) image
+[`RUN --mount=type=secret` mount](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/frontend/dockerfile/docs/syntax.md#run---mounttypesecret).
-configuration on the registry. The `local` source can import cache from local
-files previously exported with `--cache-to`.
 
-If no type is specified, `registry` exporter is used with a specified reference.
+If `type` is unset it will be detected. Supported types are:
 
-`docker` driver currently only supports importing build cache from the registry.
+#### `file`
 
-**Examples**
+Attribute keys:
+
+- `id` - ID of the secret. Defaults to basename of the `src` path.
+- `src`, `source` - Secret filename. `id` used if unset.
+
+```dockerfile
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.3
+FROM python:3
+RUN pip install awscli
+RUN --mount=type=secret,id=aws,target=/root/.aws/credentials \
+  aws s3 cp s3://... ...
+```
 
 ```console
-$ docker buildx build --cache-from=user/app:cache .
+$ docker buildx build --secret id=aws,src=$HOME/.aws/credentials .
-$ docker buildx build --cache-from=user/app .
-$ docker buildx build --cache-from=type=registry,ref=user/app .
-$ docker buildx build --cache-from=type=local,src=path/to/cache .
 ```
 
-### <a name="cache-to"></a> Export build cache to an external cache destination (--cache-to)
+#### `env`
 
+Attribute keys:
+
+- `id` - ID of the secret. Defaults to `env` name.
+- `env` - Secret environment variable. `id` used if unset, otherwise will look for `src`, `source` if `id` unset.
+
+```dockerfile
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.3
+FROM node:alpine
+RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. \
+  --mount=type=secret,id=SECRET_TOKEN \
+  SECRET_TOKEN=$(cat /run/secrets/SECRET_TOKEN) yarn run test
 ```
---cache-to=[NAME|type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]]
-```
-
-Export build cache to an external cache destination. Supported types are `registry`,
-`local` and `inline`. Registry exports build cache to a cache manifest in the
-registry, local exports cache to a local directory on the client and inline writes
-the cache metadata into the image configuration.
-
-`docker` driver currently only supports exporting inline cache metadata to image
-configuration. Alternatively, `--build-arg BUILDKIT_INLINE_CACHE=1` can be used
-to trigger inline cache exporter.
-
-Attribute key:
-
-- `mode` - Specifies how many layers are exported with the cache. “min” on only
-exports layers already in the final build stage, “max” exports layers for
-all stages. Metadata is always exported for the whole build.
-
-**Examples**
 
 ```console
-$ docker buildx build --cache-to=user/app:cache .
+$ SECRET_TOKEN=token docker buildx build --secret id=SECRET_TOKEN .
-$ docker buildx build --cache-to=type=inline .
-$ docker buildx build --cache-to=type=registry,ref=user/app .
-$ docker buildx build --cache-to=type=local,dest=path/to/cache .
 ```
 
-### <a name="allow"></a> Allow extra privileged entitlement (--allow)
+### <a name="shm-size"></a> Size of /dev/shm (--shm-size)
+
+The format is `<number><unit>`. `number` must be greater than `0`. Unit is
+optional and can be `b` (bytes), `k` (kilobytes), `m` (megabytes), or `g`
+(gigabytes). If you omit the unit, the system uses bytes.
+
+### <a name="ssh"></a> SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build (--ssh)
 
 ```
---allow=ENTITLEMENT
+--ssh=default|<id>[=<socket>|<key>[,<key>]]
 ```
 
-Allow extra privileged entitlement. List of entitlements:
+This can be useful when some commands in your Dockerfile need specific SSH
+authentication (e.g., cloning a private repository).
 
-- `network.host` - Allows executions with host networking.
+`--ssh` exposes SSH agent socket or keys to the build and can be used with the
-- `security.insecure` - Allows executions without sandbox. See
+[`RUN --mount=type=ssh` mount](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/frontend/dockerfile/docs/syntax.md#run---mounttypessh).
-[related Dockerfile extensions](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/frontend/dockerfile/docs/experimental.md#run---securityinsecuresandbox).
 
-For entitlements to be enabled, the `buildkitd` daemon also needs to allow them
+Example to access Gitlab using an SSH agent socket:
-with `--allow-insecure-entitlement` (see [`create --buildkitd-flags`](buildx_create.md#--buildkitd-flags-flags))
 
-**Examples**
+```dockerfile
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.3
+FROM alpine
+RUN apk add --no-cache openssh-client
+RUN mkdir -p -m 0700 ~/.ssh && ssh-keyscan gitlab.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
+RUN --mount=type=ssh ssh -q -T git@gitlab.com 2>&1 | tee /hello
+# "Welcome to GitLab, @GITLAB_USERNAME_ASSOCIATED_WITH_SSHKEY" should be printed here
+# with the type of build progress is defined as `plain`.
+```
 
 ```console
-$ docker buildx create --use --name insecure-builder --buildkitd-flags '--allow-insecure-entitlement security.insecure'
+$ eval $(ssh-agent)
-$ docker buildx build --allow security.insecure .
+$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
+(Input your passphrase here)
+$ docker buildx build --ssh default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK .
 ```
+
+### <a name="ulimit"></a> Set ulimits (--ulimit)
+
+`--ulimit` is specified with a soft and hard limit as such:
+`<type>=<soft limit>[:<hard limit>]`, for example:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx build --ulimit nofile=1024:1024 .
+```
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> If you do not provide a `hard limit`, the `soft limit` is used
+> for both values. If no `ulimits` are set, they are inherited from
+> the default `ulimits` set on the daemon.

docs/reference/buildx_create.md

@@ -9,19 +9,19 @@ Create a new builder instance
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| [`--append`](#append) | Append a node to builder instead of changing it |
+| [`--append`](#append) |  |  | Append a node to builder instead of changing it |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| `--bootstrap` |  |  | Boot builder after creation |
-| [`--buildkitd-flags string`](#buildkitd-flags) | Flags for buildkitd daemon |
+| [`--buildkitd-flags`](#buildkitd-flags) | `string` |  | Flags for buildkitd daemon |
-| [`--config string`](#config) | BuildKit config file |
+| [`--config`](#config) | `string` |  | BuildKit config file |
-| [`--driver string`](#driver) | Driver to use (available: []) |
+| [`--driver`](#driver) | `string` |  | Driver to use (available: `docker`, `docker-container`, `kubernetes`) |
-| [`--driver-opt stringArray`](#driver-opt) | Options for the driver |
+| [`--driver-opt`](#driver-opt) | `stringArray` |  | Options for the driver |
-| [`--leave`](#leave) | Remove a node from builder instead of changing it |
+| [`--leave`](#leave) |  |  | Remove a node from builder instead of changing it |
-| [`--name string`](#name) | Builder instance name |
+| [`--name`](#name) | `string` |  | Builder instance name |
-| [`--node string`](#node) | Create/modify node with given name |
+| [`--node`](#node) | `string` |  | Create/modify node with given name |
-| [`--platform stringArray`](#platform) | Fixed platforms for current node |
+| [`--platform`](#platform) | `stringArray` |  | Fixed platforms for current node |
-| [`--use`](#use) | Set the current builder instance |
+| [`--use`](#use) |  |  | Set the current builder instance |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -47,8 +47,6 @@ The `--append` flag changes the action of the command to append a new node to an
 existing builder specified by `--name`. Buildx will choose an appropriate node
 for a build based on the platforms it supports.
 
-**Examples**
-
 ```console
 $ docker buildx create mycontext1
 eager_beaver
@@ -64,11 +62,9 @@ eager_beaver
 ```
 
 Adds flags when starting the buildkitd daemon. They take precedence over the
-configuration file specified by [`--config`](#--config-file). See `buildkitd --help`
+configuration file specified by [`--config`](#config). See `buildkitd --help`
 for the available flags.
 
-**Example**
-
 ```
 --buildkitd-flags '--debug --debugaddr 0.0.0.0:6666'
 ```
@@ -80,9 +76,14 @@ for the available flags.
 ```
 
 Specifies the configuration file for the buildkitd daemon to use. The configuration
-can be overridden by [`--buildkitd-flags`](#--buildkitd-flags-flags).
+can be overridden by [`--buildkitd-flags`](#buildkitd-flags).
 See an [example buildkitd configuration file](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/buildkitd.toml.md).
 
+Note that if you create a `docker-container` builder and have specified
+certificates for registries in the `buildkitd.toml` configuration, the files
+will be copied into the container under `/etc/buildkit/certs` and configuration
+will be updated to reflect that.
+
 ### <a name="driver"></a> Set the builder driver to use (--driver)
 
 ```
@@ -92,17 +93,30 @@ See an [example buildkitd configuration file](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/b
 Sets the builder driver to be used. There are two available drivers, each have
 their own specificities.
 
-- `docker` - Uses the builder that is built into the docker daemon. With this
+#### `docker` driver
-  driver, the [`--load`](buildx_build.md#--load) flag is implied by default on
-  `buildx build`. However, building multi-platform images or exporting cache is
-  not currently supported.
-- `docker-container` - Uses a buildkit container that will be spawned via docker.
-  With this driver, both building multi-platform images and exporting cache are
-  supported. However, images built will not automatically appear in `docker images`
-  (see [`build --load`](buildx_build.md#--load)).
-- `kubernetes` - Uses a kubernetes pods. With this driver, you can spin up pods
-  with defined buildkit container image to build your images.
 
+Uses the builder that is built into the docker daemon. With this driver,
+the [`--load`](buildx_build.md#load) flag is implied by default on
+`buildx build`. However, building multi-platform images or exporting cache is
+not currently supported.
+
+#### `docker-container` driver
+
+Uses a BuildKit container that will be spawned via docker. With this driver,
+both building multi-platform images and exporting cache are supported.
+
+Unlike `docker` driver, built images will not automatically appear in
+`docker images` and [`build --load`](buildx_build.md#load) needs to be used
+to achieve that.
+
+#### `kubernetes` driver
+
+Uses a kubernetes pods. With this driver, you can spin up pods with defined
+BuildKit container image to build your images.
+
+Unlike `docker` driver, built images will not automatically appear in
+`docker images` and [`build --load`](buildx_build.md#load) needs to be used
+to achieve that.
 
 ### <a name="driver-opt"></a> Set additional driver-specific options (--driver-opt)
 
@@ -114,24 +128,22 @@ Passes additional driver-specific options. Details for each driver:
 
 - `docker` - No driver options
 - `docker-container`
-    - `image=IMAGE` - Sets the container image to be used for running buildkit.
+  - `image=IMAGE` - Sets the container image to be used for running buildkit.
-    - `network=NETMODE` - Sets the network mode for running the buildkit container.
+  - `network=NETMODE` - Sets the network mode for running the buildkit container.
-    - Example:
+  - `cgroup-parent=CGROUP` - Sets the cgroup parent of the buildkit container if docker is using the "cgroupfs" driver. Defaults to `/docker/buildx`.
-
-      ```console
-      --driver docker-container --driver-opt image=moby/buildkit:master,network=host
-      ```
 - `kubernetes`
-    - `image=IMAGE` - Sets the container image to be used for running buildkit.
+  - `image=IMAGE` - Sets the container image to be used for running buildkit.
-    - `namespace=NS` - Sets the Kubernetes namespace. Defaults to the current namespace.
+  - `namespace=NS` - Sets the Kubernetes namespace. Defaults to the current namespace.
-    - `replicas=N` - Sets the number of `Pod` replicas. Defaults to 1.
+  - `replicas=N` - Sets the number of `Pod` replicas. Defaults to 1.
-    - `requests.cpu` - Sets the request CPU value specified in units of Kubernetes CPU. Example `requests.cpu=100m`, `requests.cpu=2`
+  - `requests.cpu` - Sets the request CPU value specified in units of Kubernetes CPU. Example `requests.cpu=100m`, `requests.cpu=2`
-    - `requests.memory` - Sets the request memory value specified in bytes or with a valid suffix. Example `requests.memory=500Mi`, `requests.memory=4G`
+  - `requests.memory` - Sets the request memory value specified in bytes or with a valid suffix. Example `requests.memory=500Mi`, `requests.memory=4G`
-    - `limits.cpu` - Sets the limit CPU value specified in units of Kubernetes CPU. Example `limits.cpu=100m`, `limits.cpu=2`
+  - `limits.cpu` - Sets the limit CPU value specified in units of Kubernetes CPU. Example `limits.cpu=100m`, `limits.cpu=2`
-    - `limits.memory` - Sets the limit memory value specified in bytes or with a valid suffix. Example `limits.memory=500Mi`, `limits.memory=4G`
+  - `limits.memory` - Sets the limit memory value specified in bytes or with a valid suffix. Example `limits.memory=500Mi`, `limits.memory=4G`
-    - `nodeselector="label1=value1,label2=value2"` - Sets the kv of `Pod` nodeSelector. No Defaults. Example `nodeselector=kubernetes.io/arch=arm64`
+  - `nodeselector="label1=value1,label2=value2"` - Sets the kv of `Pod` nodeSelector. No Defaults. Example `nodeselector=kubernetes.io/arch=arm64`
-    - `rootless=(true|false)` - Run the container as a non-root user without `securityContext.privileged`. [Using Ubuntu host kernel is recommended](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/rootless.md). Defaults to false.
+  - `rootless=(true|false)` - Run the container as a non-root user without `securityContext.privileged`. [Using Ubuntu host kernel is recommended](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/rootless.md). Defaults to false.
-    - `loadbalance=(sticky|random)` - Load-balancing strategy. If set to "sticky", the pod is chosen using the hash of the context path. Defaults to "sticky"
+  - `loadbalance=(sticky|random)` - Load-balancing strategy. If set to "sticky", the pod is chosen using the hash of the context path. Defaults to "sticky"
+  - `qemu.install=(true|false)` - Install QEMU emulation for multi platforms support.
+  - `qemu.image=IMAGE` - Sets the QEMU emulation image. Defaults to `tonistiigi/binfmt:latest`
 
 ### <a name="leave"></a> Remove a node from a builder (--leave)
 
@@ -139,8 +151,6 @@ The `--leave` flag changes the action of the command to remove a node from a
 builder. The builder needs to be specified with `--name` and node that is removed
 is set with `--node`.
 
-**Examples**
-
 ```console
 $ docker buildx create --name mybuilder --node mybuilder0 --leave
 ```
@@ -164,7 +174,7 @@ The `--node` flag specifies the name of the node to be created or modified. If
 none is specified, it is the name of the builder it belongs to, with an index
 number suffix.
 
-### <a name="platform"></a> Set the platforms supported by the node
+### <a name="platform"></a> Set the platforms supported by the node (--platform)
 
 ```
 --platform PLATFORMS
@@ -176,14 +186,12 @@ will also automatically detect the platforms it supports, but manual values take
 priority over the detected ones and can be used when multiple nodes support
 building for the same platform.
 
-**Examples**
-
 ```console
 $ docker buildx create --platform linux/amd64
 $ docker buildx create --platform linux/arm64,linux/arm/v8
 ```
 
-### <a name="use"></a> Automatically switch to the newly created builder
+### <a name="use"></a> Automatically switch to the newly created builder (--use)
 
 The `--use` flag automatically switches the current builder to the newly created
 one. Equivalent to running `docker buildx use $(docker buildx create ...)`.

docs/reference/buildx_du.md

@@ -9,11 +9,17 @@ Disk usage
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
-| `--filter filter` | Provide filter values |
+| `--filter` | `filter` |  | Provide filter values |
-| `--verbose` | Provide a more verbose output |
+| `--verbose` |  |  | Provide a more verbose output |
 
 
-<!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
+<!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
+
+## Examples
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).

docs/reference/buildx_imagetools.md

@@ -12,9 +12,15 @@ Commands to work on images in registry
 | Name | Description |
 | --- | --- |
 | [`create`](buildx_imagetools_create.md) | Create a new image based on source images |
-| [`inspect`](buildx_imagetools_inspect.md) | Show details of image in the registry |
+| [`inspect`](buildx_imagetools_inspect.md) | Show details of an image in the registry |
 
 
+### Options
+
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
+
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
 
@@ -22,3 +28,9 @@ Commands to work on images in registry
 
 Imagetools contains commands for working with manifest lists in the registry.
 These commands are useful for inspecting multi-platform build results.
+
+## Examples
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).

docs/reference/buildx_imagetools_create.md

@@ -9,22 +9,19 @@ Create a new image based on source images
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| [`--append`](#append) | Append to existing manifest |
+| [`--append`](#append) |  |  | Append to existing manifest |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
-| [`--dry-run`](#dry-run) | Show final image instead of pushing |
+| [`--dry-run`](#dry-run) |  |  | Show final image instead of pushing |
-| [`-f`](#file), [`--file stringArray`](#file) | Read source descriptor from file |
+| [`-f`](#file), [`--file`](#file) | `stringArray` |  | Read source descriptor from file |
-| [`-t`](#tag), [`--tag stringArray`](#tag) | Set reference for new image |
+| [`-t`](#tag), [`--tag`](#tag) | `stringArray` |  | Set reference for new image |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
 
 ## Description
 
-Imagetools contains commands for working with manifest lists in the registry.
-These commands are useful for inspecting multi-platform build results.
-
 Create a new manifest list based on source manifests. The source manifests can
 be manifest lists or single platform distribution manifests and must already
 exist in the registry where the new manifest is created. If only one source is
@@ -37,6 +34,10 @@ specified, create performs a carbon copy.
 Use the `--append` flag to append the new sources to an existing manifest list
 in the destination.
 
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
+
 ### <a name="dry-run"></a> Show final image instead of pushing (--dry-run)
 
 Use the `--dry-run` flag to not push the image, just show it.
@@ -53,16 +54,15 @@ or a JSON of OCI descriptor object.
 In order to define annotations or additional platform properties like `os.version` and
 `os.features` you need to add them in the OCI descriptor object encoded in JSON.
 
-```
+```console
-docker buildx imagetools inspect --raw alpine | jq '.manifests[0] | .platform."os.version"="10.1"' > descr.json
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect --raw alpine | jq '.manifests[0] | .platform."os.version"="10.1"' > descr.json
-docker buildx imagetools create -f descr.json myuser/image
+$ docker buildx imagetools create -f descr.json myuser/image
 ```
 
 The descriptor in the file is merged with existing descriptor in the registry if it exists.
 
 The supported fields for the descriptor are defined in [OCI spec](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/descriptor.md#properties) .
 
-
 ### <a name="tag"></a> Set reference for new image  (-t, --tag)
 
 ```
@@ -71,10 +71,7 @@ The supported fields for the descriptor are defined in [OCI spec](https://github
 
 Use the `-t` or `--tag` flag to set the name of the image to be created.
 
-**Examples**
-
 ```console
 $ docker buildx imagetools create --dry-run alpine@sha256:5c40b3c27b9f13c873fefb2139765c56ce97fd50230f1f2d5c91e55dec171907 sha256:c4ba6347b0e4258ce6a6de2401619316f982b7bcc529f73d2a410d0097730204
-
 $ docker buildx imagetools create -t tonistiigi/myapp -f image1 -f image2
 ```

docs/reference/buildx_imagetools_inspect.md

@@ -5,43 +5,628 @@ docker buildx imagetools inspect [OPTIONS] NAME
 ```
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_START-->
-Show details of image in the registry
+Show details of an image in the registry
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
-| [`--raw`](#raw) | Show original JSON manifest |
+| [`--format`](#format) | `string` | `{{.Manifest}}` | Format the output using the given Go template |
+| [`--raw`](#raw) |  |  | Show original, unformatted JSON manifest |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
 
 ## Description
 
-Show details of image in the registry.
+Show details of an image in the registry.
-
-Example:
 
 ```console
 $ docker buildx imagetools inspect alpine
-
 Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest
 MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json
-Digest:    sha256:28ef97b8686a0b5399129e9b763d5b7e5ff03576aa5580d6f4182a49c5fe1913
+Digest:    sha256:21a3deaa0d32a8057914f36584b5288d2e5ecc984380bc0118285c70fa8c9300
 
 Manifests:
-  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:5c40b3c27b9f13c873fefb2139765c56ce97fd50230f1f2d5c91e55dec171907
+  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:e7d88de73db3d3fd9b2d63aa7f447a10fd0220b7cbf39803c803f2af9ba256b3
   MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
   Platform:  linux/amd64
 
-  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:c4ba6347b0e4258ce6a6de2401619316f982b7bcc529f73d2a410d0097730204
+  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:e047bc2af17934d38c5a7fa9f46d443f1de3a7675546402592ef805cfa929f9d
   MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
   Platform:  linux/arm/v6
- ...
+
+  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:8483ecd016885d8dba70426fda133c30466f661bb041490d525658f1aac73822
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/arm/v7
+
+  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:c74f1b1166784193ea6c8f9440263b9be6cae07dfe35e32a5df7a31358ac2060
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/arm64/v8
+
+  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:2689e157117d2da668ad4699549e55eba1ceb79cb7862368b30919f0488213f4
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/386
+
+  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:2042a492bcdd847a01cd7f119cd48caa180da696ed2aedd085001a78664407d6
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/ppc64le
+
+  Name:      docker.io/library/alpine:latest@sha256:49e322ab6690e73a4909f787bcbdb873631264ff4a108cddfd9f9c249ba1d58e
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/s390x
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
+
+### <a name="format"></a> Format the output (--format)
+
+Format the output using the given Go template. Defaults to `{{.Manifest}}` if
+unset. Following fields are available:
+
+* `.Name`: provides the reference of the image
+* `.Manifest`: provides the manifest or manifest list
+* `.Image`: provides the image config
+* `.BuildInfo`: provides [build info from image config](https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/master/docs/build-repro.md#image-config)
+
+#### `.Name`
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect alpine --format "{{.Name}}"
+Name: docker.io/library/alpine:latest
+```
+
+#### `.Manifest`
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect crazymax/loop --format "{{.Manifest}}"
+Name:      docker.io/crazymax/loop:latest
+MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+Digest:    sha256:08602e7340970e92bde5e0a2e887c1fde4d9ae753d1e05efb4c8ef3b609f97f1
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect moby/buildkit:master --format "{{.Manifest}}"
+Name:      docker.io/moby/buildkit:master
+MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json
+Digest:    sha256:3183f7ce54d1efb44c34b84f428ae10aaf141e553c6b52a7ff44cc7083a05a66
+
+Manifests:
+  Name:      docker.io/moby/buildkit:master@sha256:667d28c9fb33820ce686887a717a148e89fa77f9097f9352996bbcce99d352b1
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/amd64
+
+  Name:      docker.io/moby/buildkit:master@sha256:71789527b64ab3d7b3de01d364b449cd7f7a3da758218fbf73b9c9aae05a6775
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/arm/v7
+
+  Name:      docker.io/moby/buildkit:master@sha256:fb64667e1ce6ab0d05478f3a8402af07b27737598dcf9a510fb1d792b13a66be
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/arm64
+
+  Name:      docker.io/moby/buildkit:master@sha256:1c3ddf95a0788e23f72f25800c05abc4458946685e2b66788c3d978cde6da92b
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/s390x
+
+  Name:      docker.io/moby/buildkit:master@sha256:05bcde6d460a284e5bc88026cd070277e8380355de3126cbc8fe8a452708c6b1
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/ppc64le
+
+  Name:      docker.io/moby/buildkit:master@sha256:c04c57765304ab84f4f9807fff3e11605c3a60e16435c734b02c723680f6bd6e
+  MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
+  Platform:  linux/riscv64
+```
+
+#### `.BuildInfo`
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect crazymax/buildx:buildinfo --format "{{.BuildInfo}}"
+Name: docker.io/crazymax/buildx:buildinfo
+Frontend: dockerfile.v0
+Attrs:
+  filename:      Dockerfile
+  source:        docker/dockerfile-upstream:master-labs
+  build-arg:bar: foo
+  build-arg:foo: bar
+Sources:
+  Type: docker-image
+  Ref:  docker.io/docker/buildx-bin:0.6.1@sha256:a652ced4a4141977c7daaed0a074dcd9844a78d7d2615465b12f433ae6dd29f0
+  Pin:  sha256:a652ced4a4141977c7daaed0a074dcd9844a78d7d2615465b12f433ae6dd29f0
+
+  Type: docker-image
+  Ref:  docker.io/library/alpine:3.13
+  Pin:  sha256:026f721af4cf2843e07bba648e158fb35ecc876d822130633cc49f707f0fc88c
+
+  Type: docker-image
+  Ref:  docker.io/moby/buildkit:v0.9.0
+  Pin:  sha256:8dc668e7f66db1c044aadbed306020743516a94848793e0f81f94a087ee78cab
+
+  Type: docker-image
+  Ref:  docker.io/tonistiigi/xx@sha256:21a61be4744f6531cb5f33b0e6f40ede41fa3a1b8c82d5946178f80cc84bfc04
+  Pin:  sha256:21a61be4744f6531cb5f33b0e6f40ede41fa3a1b8c82d5946178f80cc84bfc04
+
+  Type: http
+  Ref:  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moby/moby/master/README.md
+  Pin:  sha256:419455202b0ef97e480d7f8199b26a721a417818bc0e2d106975f74323f25e6c
+```
+
+#### JSON output
+
+A `json` go template func is also available if you want to render fields as
+JSON bytes:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect crazymax/loop --format "{{json .Manifest}}"
+```
+```json
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+  "digest": "sha256:08602e7340970e92bde5e0a2e887c1fde4d9ae753d1e05efb4c8ef3b609f97f1",
+  "size": 949
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect moby/buildkit:master --format "{{json .Manifest}}"
+```
+```json
+{
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json",
+  "digest": "sha256:79d97f205e2799d99a3a8ae2a1ef17acb331e11784262c3faada847dc6972c52",
+  "size": 2010,
+  "manifests": [
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:bd1e78f06de26610fadf4eb9d04b1a45a545799d6342701726e952cc0c11c912",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "amd64",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:d37dcced63ec0965824fca644f0ac9efad8569434ec15b4c83adfcb3dcfc743b",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "arm",
+        "os": "linux",
+        "variant": "v7"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:ce142eb2255e6af46f2809e159fd03081697c7605a3de03b9cbe9a52ddb244bf",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "arm64",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:f59bfb5062fff76ce464bfa4e25ebaaaac887d6818238e119d68613c456d360c",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "s390x",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:cc96426e0c50a78105d5637d31356db5dd6ec594f21b24276e534a32da09645c",
+      "size": 1159,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "ppc64le",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:39f9c1e2878e6c333acb23187d6b205ce82ed934c60da326cb2c698192631478",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "riscv64",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect crazymax/buildx:buildinfo --format "{{json .BuildInfo}}"
+```
+```json
+{
+  "frontend": "dockerfile.v0",
+  "attrs": {
+    "build-arg:bar": "foo",
+    "build-arg:foo": "bar",
+    "filename": "Dockerfile",
+    "source": "crazymax/dockerfile:buildattrs"
+  },
+  "sources": [
+    {
+      "type": "docker-image",
+      "ref": "docker.io/docker/buildx-bin:0.6.1@sha256:a652ced4a4141977c7daaed0a074dcd9844a78d7d2615465b12f433ae6dd29f0",
+      "pin": "sha256:a652ced4a4141977c7daaed0a074dcd9844a78d7d2615465b12f433ae6dd29f0"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "docker-image",
+      "ref": "docker.io/library/alpine:3.13@sha256:026f721af4cf2843e07bba648e158fb35ecc876d822130633cc49f707f0fc88c",
+      "pin": "sha256:026f721af4cf2843e07bba648e158fb35ecc876d822130633cc49f707f0fc88c"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "docker-image",
+      "ref": "docker.io/moby/buildkit:v0.9.0@sha256:8dc668e7f66db1c044aadbed306020743516a94848793e0f81f94a087ee78cab",
+      "pin": "sha256:8dc668e7f66db1c044aadbed306020743516a94848793e0f81f94a087ee78cab"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "docker-image",
+      "ref": "docker.io/tonistiigi/xx@sha256:21a61be4744f6531cb5f33b0e6f40ede41fa3a1b8c82d5946178f80cc84bfc04",
+      "pin": "sha256:21a61be4744f6531cb5f33b0e6f40ede41fa3a1b8c82d5946178f80cc84bfc04"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "http",
+      "ref": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moby/moby/master/README.md",
+      "pin": "sha256:419455202b0ef97e480d7f8199b26a721a417818bc0e2d106975f74323f25e6c"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect crazymax/buildx:buildinfo --format "{{json .}}"
+```
+```json
+{
+  "name": "crazymax/buildx:buildinfo",
+  "manifest": {
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+    "digest": "sha256:899d2c7acbc124d406820857bb51d9089717bbe4e22b97eb4bc5789e99f09f83",
+    "size": 2628
+  },
+  "image": {
+    "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.627154558Z",
+    "architecture": "amd64",
+    "os": "linux",
+    "config": {
+      "Env": [
+        "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
+        "DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR=/certs",
+        "DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL=enabled"
+      ],
+      "Entrypoint": [
+        "docker-entrypoint.sh"
+      ],
+      "Cmd": [
+        "sh"
+      ]
+    },
+    "rootfs": {
+      "type": "layers",
+      "diff_ids": [
+        "sha256:7fcb75871b2101082203959c83514ac8a9f4ecfee77a0fe9aa73bbe56afdf1b4",
+        "sha256:d3c0b963ff5684160641f936d6a4aa14efc8ff27b6edac255c07f2d03ff92e82",
+        "sha256:3f8d78f13fa9b1f35d3bc3f1351d03a027c38018c37baca73f93eecdea17f244",
+        "sha256:8e6eb1137b182ae0c3f5d40ca46341fda2eaeeeb5fa516a9a2bf96171238e2e0",
+        "sha256:fde4c869a56b54dd76d7352ddaa813fd96202bda30b9dceb2c2f2ad22fa2e6ce",
+        "sha256:52025823edb284321af7846419899234b3c66219bf06061692b709875ed0760f",
+        "sha256:50adb5982dbf6126c7cf279ac3181d1e39fc9116b610b947a3dadae6f7e7c5bc",
+        "sha256:9801c319e1c66c5d295e78b2d3e80547e73c7e3c63a4b71e97c8ca357224af24",
+        "sha256:dfbfac44d5d228c49b42194c8a2f470abd6916d072f612a6fb14318e94fde8ae",
+        "sha256:3dfb74e19dedf61568b917c19b0fd3ee4580870027ca0b6054baf239855d1322",
+        "sha256:b182e707c23e4f19be73f9022a99d2d1ca7bf1ca8f280d40e4d1c10a6f51550e"
+      ]
+    },
+    "history": [
+      {
+        "created": "2021-11-12T17:19:58.698676655Z",
+        "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:5a707b9d6cb5fff532e4c2141bc35707593f21da5528c9e71ae2ddb6ba4a4eb6 in / "
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2021-11-12T17:19:58.948920855Z",
+        "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD [\"/bin/sh\"]",
+        "empty_layer": true
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:38.285594601Z",
+        "created_by": "RUN /bin/sh -c apk --update --no-cache add     bash     ca-certificates     openssh-client   \u0026\u0026 rm -rf /tmp/* /var/cache/apk/* # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:41.061874167Z",
+        "created_by": "COPY /opt/docker/ /usr/local/bin/ # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:41.174098947Z",
+        "created_by": "COPY /usr/bin/buildctl /usr/local/bin/buildctl # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:41.320343683Z",
+        "created_by": "COPY /usr/bin/buildkit* /usr/local/bin/ # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:41.447149933Z",
+        "created_by": "COPY /buildx /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.057722191Z",
+        "created_by": "COPY /opt/docker-compose /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.145224134Z",
+        "created_by": "ADD https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moby/moby/master/README.md / # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.422212427Z",
+        "created_by": "ENV DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR=/certs",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
+        "empty_layer": true
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.422212427Z",
+        "created_by": "ENV DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL=enabled",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
+        "empty_layer": true
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.422212427Z",
+        "created_by": "RUN /bin/sh -c docker --version   \u0026\u0026 buildkitd --version   \u0026\u0026 buildctl --version   \u0026\u0026 docker buildx version   \u0026\u0026 docker compose version   \u0026\u0026 mkdir /certs /certs/client   \u0026\u0026 chmod 1777 /certs /certs/client # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.514320155Z",
+        "created_by": "COPY rootfs/modprobe.sh /usr/local/bin/modprobe # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.627154558Z",
+        "created_by": "COPY rootfs/docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/ # buildkit",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.627154558Z",
+        "created_by": "ENTRYPOINT [\"docker-entrypoint.sh\"]",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
+        "empty_layer": true
+      },
+      {
+        "created": "2022-02-24T12:27:43.627154558Z",
+        "created_by": "CMD [\"sh\"]",
+        "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
+        "empty_layer": true
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "buildinfo": {
+    "frontend": "dockerfile.v0",
+    "attrs": {
+      "build-arg:bar": "foo",
+      "build-arg:foo": "bar",
+      "filename": "Dockerfile",
+      "source": "docker/dockerfile-upstream:master-labs"
+    },
+    "sources": [
+      {
+        "type": "docker-image",
+        "ref": "docker.io/docker/buildx-bin:0.6.1@sha256:a652ced4a4141977c7daaed0a074dcd9844a78d7d2615465b12f433ae6dd29f0",
+        "pin": "sha256:a652ced4a4141977c7daaed0a074dcd9844a78d7d2615465b12f433ae6dd29f0"
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "docker-image",
+        "ref": "docker.io/library/alpine:3.13",
+        "pin": "sha256:026f721af4cf2843e07bba648e158fb35ecc876d822130633cc49f707f0fc88c"
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "docker-image",
+        "ref": "docker.io/moby/buildkit:v0.9.0",
+        "pin": "sha256:8dc668e7f66db1c044aadbed306020743516a94848793e0f81f94a087ee78cab"
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "docker-image",
+        "ref": "docker.io/tonistiigi/xx@sha256:21a61be4744f6531cb5f33b0e6f40ede41fa3a1b8c82d5946178f80cc84bfc04",
+        "pin": "sha256:21a61be4744f6531cb5f33b0e6f40ede41fa3a1b8c82d5946178f80cc84bfc04"
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "http",
+        "ref": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moby/moby/master/README.md",
+        "pin": "sha256:419455202b0ef97e480d7f8199b26a721a417818bc0e2d106975f74323f25e6c"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### Multi-platform
+
+Multi-platform images are supported for `.Image` and `.BuildInfo` fields. If
+you want to pick up a specific platform, you can specify it using the `index`
+go template function:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect --format '{{json (index .Image "linux/s390x")}}' moby/buildkit:master
+```
+```json
+{
+  "created": "2022-02-25T17:13:27.89891722Z",
+  "architecture": "s390x",
+  "os": "linux",
+  "config": {
+    "Env": [
+      "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
+    ],
+    "Entrypoint": [
+      "buildkitd"
+    ],
+    "Volumes": {
+      "/var/lib/buildkit": {}
+    }
+  },
+  "rootfs": {
+    "type": "layers",
+    "diff_ids": [
+      "sha256:41048e32d0684349141cf05f629c5fc3c5915d1f3426b66dbb8953a540e01e1e",
+      "sha256:2651209b9208fff6c053bc3c17353cb07874e50f1a9bc96d6afd03aef63de76a",
+      "sha256:6741ed7e73039d853fa8902246a4c7e8bf9dd09652fd1b08251bc5f9e8876a7f",
+      "sha256:92ac046adeeb65c86ae3f0b458dee04ad4a462e417661c04d77642c66494f69b"
+    ]
+  },
+  "history": [
+    {
+      "created": "2021-11-24T20:41:23.709681315Z",
+      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:cd24c711a2ef431b3ff94f9a02bfc42f159bc60de1d0eceecafea4e8af02441d in / "
+    },
+    {
+      "created": "2021-11-24T20:41:23.94211262Z",
+      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD [\"/bin/sh\"]",
+      "empty_layer": true
+    },
+    {
+      "created": "2022-01-26T18:15:21.449825391Z",
+      "created_by": "RUN /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache fuse3 git openssh pigz xz   \u0026\u0026 ln -s fusermount3 /usr/bin/fusermount # buildkit",
+      "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+    },
+    {
+      "created": "2022-02-24T00:34:00.924540012Z",
+      "created_by": "COPY examples/buildctl-daemonless/buildctl-daemonless.sh /usr/bin/ # buildkit",
+      "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+    },
+    {
+      "created": "2022-02-25T17:13:27.89891722Z",
+      "created_by": "VOLUME [/var/lib/buildkit]",
+      "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
+      "empty_layer": true
+    },
+    {
+      "created": "2022-02-25T17:13:27.89891722Z",
+      "created_by": "COPY / /usr/bin/ # buildkit",
+      "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0"
+    },
+    {
+      "created": "2022-02-25T17:13:27.89891722Z",
+      "created_by": "ENTRYPOINT [\"buildkitd\"]",
+      "comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
+      "empty_layer": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
 ```
 
 ### <a name="raw"></a> Show original, unformatted JSON manifest (--raw)
 
-Use the `--raw` option to print the original JSON bytes instead of the formatted
+Use the `--raw` option to print the unformatted JSON manifest bytes.
-output.
+
+> `jq` is used here to get a better rendering of the output result.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect --raw crazymax/loop | jq
+```
+```json
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "config": {
+    "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json",
+    "digest": "sha256:7ace7d324e79b360b2db8b820d83081863d96d22e734cdf297a8e7fd83f6ceb3",
+    "size": 2298
+  },
+  "layers": [
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+      "digest": "sha256:5843afab387455b37944e709ee8c78d7520df80f8d01cf7f861aae63beeddb6b",
+      "size": 2811478
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+      "digest": "sha256:726d3732a87e1c430d67e8969de6b222a889d45e045ebae1a008a37ba38f3b1f",
+      "size": 1776812
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
+      "digest": "sha256:5d7cf9b33148a8f220c84f27dd2cfae46aca019a3ea3fbf7274f6d6dbfae8f3b",
+      "size": 382855
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx imagetools inspect --raw moby/buildkit:master | jq
+```
+```json
+{
+  "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json",
+  "schemaVersion": 2,
+  "manifests": [
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:667d28c9fb33820ce686887a717a148e89fa77f9097f9352996bbcce99d352b1",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "amd64",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:71789527b64ab3d7b3de01d364b449cd7f7a3da758218fbf73b9c9aae05a6775",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "arm",
+        "os": "linux",
+        "variant": "v7"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:fb64667e1ce6ab0d05478f3a8402af07b27737598dcf9a510fb1d792b13a66be",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "arm64",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:1c3ddf95a0788e23f72f25800c05abc4458946685e2b66788c3d978cde6da92b",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "s390x",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:05bcde6d460a284e5bc88026cd070277e8380355de3126cbc8fe8a452708c6b1",
+      "size": 1159,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "ppc64le",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
+      "digest": "sha256:c04c57765304ab84f4f9807fff3e11605c3a60e16435c734b02c723680f6bd6e",
+      "size": 1158,
+      "platform": {
+        "architecture": "riscv64",
+        "os": "linux"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```

docs/reference/buildx_inspect.md

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ Inspect current builder instance
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| [`--bootstrap`](#bootstrap) | Ensure builder has booted before inspecting |
+| [`--bootstrap`](#bootstrap) |  |  | Ensure builder has booted before inspecting |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -23,6 +23,19 @@ Shows information about the current or specified builder.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### <a name="bootstrap"></a> Ensure that the builder is running before inspecting (--bootstrap)
+
+Use the `--bootstrap` option to ensure that the builder is running before
+inspecting it. If the driver is `docker-container`, then `--bootstrap` starts
+the buildkit container and waits until it is operational. Bootstrapping is
+automatically done during build, and therefore not necessary. The same BuildKit
+container is used during the lifetime of the associated builder node (as
+displayed in `buildx ls`).
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
+
 ### Get information about a builder instance
 
 By default, `inspect` shows information about the current builder. Specify the
@@ -47,12 +60,3 @@ Endpoint:  ssh://ubuntu@1.2.3.4
 Status:    running
 Platforms: linux/arm64, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
 ```
-
-### <a name="bootstrap"></a> Ensure that the builder is running before inspecting (--bootstrap)
-
-Use the `--bootstrap` option to ensure that the builder is running before
-inspecting it. If the driver is `docker-container`, then `--bootstrap` starts
-the buildkit container and waits until it is operational. Bootstrapping is
-automatically done during build, and therefore not necessary. The same BuildKit
-container is used during the lifetime of the associated builder node (as
-displayed in `buildx ls`).

docs/reference/buildx_ls.md

@@ -14,18 +14,17 @@ List builder instances
 
 Lists all builder instances and the nodes for each instance
 
-**Example**
-
 ```console
 $ docker buildx ls
 
 NAME/NODE       DRIVER/ENDPOINT             STATUS  PLATFORMS
 elated_tesla *  docker-container
   elated_tesla0 unix:///var/run/docker.sock running linux/amd64
-  elated_tesla1 ssh://ubuntu@1.2.3.4        running linux/arm64, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
+  elated_tesla1 ssh://ubuntu@1.2.3.4        running linux/arm64*, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
 default         docker
   default       default                     running linux/amd64
 ```
 
 Each builder has one or more nodes associated with it. The current builder's
-name is marked with a `*`.
+name is marked with a `*` in `NAME/NODE` and explicit node to build against for
+the target platform marked with a `*` in the `PLATFORMS` column.

docs/reference/buildx_prune.md

@@ -9,15 +9,20 @@ Remove build cache
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| `-a`, `--all` | Remove all unused images, not just dangling ones |
+| `-a`, `--all` |  |  | Remove all unused images, not just dangling ones |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
-| `--filter filter` | Provide filter values (e.g. 'until=24h') |
+| `--filter` | `filter` |  | Provide filter values (e.g., `until=24h`) |
-| `-f`, `--force` | Do not prompt for confirmation |
+| `-f`, `--force` |  |  | Do not prompt for confirmation |
-| `--keep-storage bytes` | Amount of disk space to keep for cache |
+| `--keep-storage` | `bytes` | `0` | Amount of disk space to keep for cache |
-| `--verbose` | Provide a more verbose output |
+| `--verbose` |  |  | Provide a more verbose output |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
 
+## Examples
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).

docs/reference/buildx_rm.md

@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ Remove a builder instance
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--all-inactive`](#all-inactive) |  |  | Remove all inactive builders |
-| [`--keep-state`](#keep-state) | Keep BuildKit state |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`-f`](#force), [`--force`](#force) |  |  | Do not prompt for confirmation |
+| [`--keep-daemon`](#keep-daemon) |  |  | Keep the buildkitd daemon running |
+| [`--keep-state`](#keep-state) |  |  | Keep BuildKit state |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -24,6 +27,32 @@ default builder.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### <a name="all-inactive"></a> Remove all inactive builders (--all-inactive)
+
+Remove builders that are not in running state.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx rm --all-inactive
+WARNING! This will remove all builders that are not in running state. Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
+```
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
+
+### <a name="force"></a> Do not prompt for confirmation (--force)
+
+Do not prompt for confirmation before removing inactive builders.
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx rm --all-inactive --force
+```
+
+### <a name="keep-daemon"></a> Keep the buildkitd daemon running (--keep-daemon)
+
+Keep the buildkitd daemon running after the buildx context is removed. This is useful when you manage buildkitd daemons and buildx contexts independently.
+Currently, only supported by the [`docker-container` and `kubernetes` drivers](buildx_create.md#driver).
+
 ### <a name="keep-state"></a> Keep BuildKit state (--keep-state)
 
 Keep BuildKit state, so it can be reused by a new builder with the same name.

docs/reference/buildx_stop.md

@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ docker buildx stop [NAME]
 <!---MARKER_GEN_START-->
 Stop builder instance
 
+### Options
+
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
+
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
 
@@ -14,3 +20,9 @@ Stop builder instance
 
 Stops the specified or current builder. This will not prevent buildx build to
 restart the builder. The implementation of stop depends on the driver.
+
+## Examples
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).

docs/reference/buildx_use.md

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Set the current builder instance
 
 ### Options
 
-| Name | Description |
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
-| --- | --- |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| `--builder string` | Override the configured builder instance |
+| [`--builder`](#builder) | `string` |  | Override the configured builder instance |
-| `--default` | Set builder as default for current context |
+| `--default` |  |  | Set builder as default for current context |
-| `--global` | Builder persists context changes |
+| `--global` |  |  | Builder persists context changes |
 
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
@@ -23,3 +23,9 @@ Set the current builder instance
 Switches the current builder instance. Build commands invoked after this command
 will run on a specified builder. Alternatively, a context name can be used to
 switch to the default builder of that context.
+
+## Examples
+
+### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
+
+Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).

docs/reference/buildx_version.md

@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ Show buildx version information
 
 <!---MARKER_GEN_END-->
 
-## Examples
+## Description
-
-### View version information
 
+View version information
 
 ```console
 $ docker buildx version

driver/bkimage/bkimage.go

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ package bkimage
 
 const (
 	DefaultImage         = "moby/buildkit:buildx-stable-1" // TODO: make this verified
+	QemuImage            = "tonistiigi/binfmt:latest"      // TODO: make this verified
 	DefaultRootlessImage = DefaultImage + "-rootless"
 )

driver/docker-container/driver.go

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 package docker
 
 import (
-	"archive/tar"
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net"
 	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver/bkimage"
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/confutil"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/imagetools"
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
 	dockerclient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	dockerarchive "github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/idtools"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stdcopy"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect"
@@ -28,20 +32,16 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	volumeStateSuffix = "_state"
-
-	// containerStateDir is the location where buildkitd inside the container
-	// stores its state. The container driver creates a Linux container, so
-	// this should match the location for Linux, as defined in:
-	// https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/v0.9.0/util/appdefaults/appdefaults_unix.go#L11-L15
-	containerBuildKitRootDir = "/var/lib/buildkit"
 )
 
 type Driver struct {
 	driver.InitConfig
-	factory driver.Factory
+	factory      driver.Factory
-	netMode string
+	userNSRemap  bool // true if dockerd is running with userns-remap mode
-	image   string
+	netMode      string
-	env     []string
+	image        string
+	cgroupParent string
+	env          []string
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) IsMobyDriver() bool {
@@ -113,30 +113,34 @@ func (d *Driver) create(ctx context.Context, l progress.SubLogger) error {
 	if err := l.Wrap("creating container "+d.Name, func() error {
 		hc := &container.HostConfig{
 			Privileged: true,
-			UsernsMode: "host",
 			Mounts: []mount.Mount{
 				{
 					Type:   mount.TypeVolume,
 					Source: d.Name + volumeStateSuffix,
-					Target: containerBuildKitRootDir,
+					Target: confutil.DefaultBuildKitStateDir,
 				},
 			},
 		}
+		if d.userNSRemap {
+			hc.UsernsMode = "host"
+		}
 		if d.netMode != "" {
 			hc.NetworkMode = container.NetworkMode(d.netMode)
 		}
+		if info, err := d.DockerAPI.Info(ctx); err == nil && info.CgroupDriver == "cgroupfs" {
+			// Place all buildkit containers inside this cgroup by default so limits can be attached
+			// to all build activity on the host.
+			hc.CgroupParent = "/docker/buildx"
+			if d.cgroupParent != "" {
+				hc.CgroupParent = d.cgroupParent
+			}
+		}
 		_, err := d.DockerAPI.ContainerCreate(ctx, cfg, hc, &network.NetworkingConfig{}, nil, d.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if f := d.InitConfig.ConfigFile; f != "" {
+		if err := d.copyToContainer(ctx, d.InitConfig.Files); err != nil {
-			buf, err := readFileToTar(f)
+			return err
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if err := d.DockerAPI.CopyToContainer(ctx, d.Name, "/", buf, dockertypes.CopyToContainerOptions{}); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
 		}
 		if err := d.start(ctx, l); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -196,6 +200,24 @@ func (d *Driver) copyLogs(ctx context.Context, l progress.SubLogger) error {
 	return rc.Close()
 }
 
+func (d *Driver) copyToContainer(ctx context.Context, files map[string][]byte) error {
+	srcPath, err := writeConfigFiles(files)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if srcPath != "" {
+		defer os.RemoveAll(srcPath)
+	}
+	srcArchive, err := dockerarchive.TarWithOptions(srcPath, &dockerarchive.TarOptions{
+		ChownOpts: &idtools.Identity{UID: 0, GID: 0},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer srcArchive.Close()
+	return d.DockerAPI.CopyToContainer(ctx, d.Name, "/", srcArchive, dockertypes.CopyToContainerOptions{})
+}
+
 func (d *Driver) exec(ctx context.Context, cmd []string) (string, net.Conn, error) {
 	execConfig := types.ExecConfig{
 		Cmd:          cmd,
@@ -276,7 +298,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Stop(ctx context.Context, force bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *Driver) Rm(ctx context.Context, force bool, rmVolume bool) error {
+func (d *Driver) Rm(ctx context.Context, force, rmVolume, rmDaemon bool) error {
 	info, err := d.Info(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -286,20 +308,22 @@ func (d *Driver) Rm(ctx context.Context, force bool, rmVolume bool) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if err := d.DockerAPI.ContainerRemove(ctx, d.Name, dockertypes.ContainerRemoveOptions{
+		if rmDaemon {
-			RemoveVolumes: true,
+			if err := d.DockerAPI.ContainerRemove(ctx, d.Name, dockertypes.ContainerRemoveOptions{
-			Force:         force,
+				RemoveVolumes: true,
-		}); err != nil {
+				Force:         force,
-			return err
+			}); err != nil {
-		}
+				return err
-		for _, v := range container.Mounts {
+			}
-			if v.Name == d.Name+volumeStateSuffix {
+			for _, v := range container.Mounts {
+				if v.Name != d.Name+volumeStateSuffix {
+					continue
+				}
 				if rmVolume {
 					return d.DockerAPI.VolumeRemove(ctx, d.Name+volumeStateSuffix, false)
 				}
 			}
 		}
-
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -357,29 +381,6 @@ func (d *demux) Read(dt []byte) (int, error) {
 	return d.Reader.Read(dt)
 }
 
-func readFileToTar(fn string) (*bytes.Buffer, error) {
-	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	tw := tar.NewWriter(buf)
-	dt, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if err := tw.WriteHeader(&tar.Header{
-		Name: "/etc/buildkit/buildkitd.toml",
-		Size: int64(len(dt)),
-		Mode: 0644,
-	}); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if _, err := tw.Write(dt); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if err := tw.Close(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return buf, nil
-}
-
 type logWriter struct {
 	logger progress.SubLogger
 	stream int
@@ -389,3 +390,27 @@ func (l *logWriter) Write(dt []byte) (int, error) {
 	l.logger.Log(l.stream, dt)
 	return len(dt), nil
 }
+
+func writeConfigFiles(m map[string][]byte) (_ string, err error) {
+	// Temp dir that will be copied to the container
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "buildkitd-config")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+		}
+	}()
+	for f, dt := range m {
+		f = path.Join(confutil.DefaultBuildKitConfigDir, f)
+		p := filepath.Join(tmpDir, f)
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(p), 0700); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(p, dt, 0600); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return tmpDir, nil
+}

driver/docker-container/factory.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/driver"
+	dockertypes "github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	dockerclient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
@@ -40,6 +41,20 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("%s driver requires docker API access", f.Name())
 	}
 	d := &Driver{factory: f, InitConfig: cfg}
+	dockerInfo, err := cfg.DockerAPI.Info(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	secOpts, err := dockertypes.DecodeSecurityOptions(dockerInfo.SecurityOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for _, f := range secOpts {
+		if f.Name == "userns" {
+			d.userNSRemap = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
 	for k, v := range cfg.DriverOpts {
 		switch {
 		case k == "network":
@@ -49,6 +64,8 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 			}
 		case k == "image":
 			d.image = v
+		case k == "cgroup-parent":
+			d.cgroupParent = v
 		case strings.HasPrefix(k, "env."):
 			envName := strings.TrimPrefix(k, "env.")
 			if envName == "" {

driver/docker/driver.go

@@ -33,13 +33,15 @@ func (d *Driver) Stop(ctx context.Context, force bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *Driver) Rm(ctx context.Context, force bool, rmVolume bool) error {
+func (d *Driver) Rm(ctx context.Context, force, rmVolume, rmDaemon bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) Client(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
 	return client.New(ctx, "", client.WithContextDialer(func(context.Context, string) (net.Conn, error) {
 		return d.DockerAPI.DialHijack(ctx, "/grpc", "h2c", nil)
+	}), client.WithSessionDialer(func(ctx context.Context, proto string, meta map[string][]string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		return d.DockerAPI.DialHijack(ctx, "/session", proto, meta)
 	}))
 }
 

driver/docker/factory.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 	if cfg.DockerAPI == nil {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("docker driver requires docker API access")
 	}
-	if cfg.ConfigFile != "" {
+	if len(cfg.Files) > 0 {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("setting config file is not supported for docker driver, use dockerd configuration file")
 	}
 

driver/driver.go

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ type Driver interface {
 	Bootstrap(context.Context, progress.Logger) error
 	Info(context.Context) (*Info, error)
 	Stop(ctx context.Context, force bool) error
-	Rm(ctx context.Context, force bool, rmVolume bool) error
+	Rm(ctx context.Context, force, rmVolume, rmDaemon bool) error
 	Client(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error)
 	Features() map[Feature]bool
 	IsMobyDriver() bool

driver/kubernetes/context/constants.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package kubernetes
+package context
 
 const (
 	// KubernetesEndpoint is the kubernetes endpoint name in a stored context

driver/kubernetes/context/endpoint_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+package context
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/store"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
+	clientcmdapi "k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd/api"
+)
+
+func testEndpoint(server, defaultNamespace string, ca, cert, key []byte, skipTLSVerify bool) Endpoint {
+	var tlsData *context.TLSData
+	if ca != nil || cert != nil || key != nil {
+		tlsData = &context.TLSData{
+			CA:   ca,
+			Cert: cert,
+			Key:  key,
+		}
+	}
+	return Endpoint{
+		EndpointMeta: EndpointMeta{
+			EndpointMetaBase: context.EndpointMetaBase{
+				Host:          server,
+				SkipTLSVerify: skipTLSVerify,
+			},
+			DefaultNamespace: defaultNamespace,
+		},
+		TLSData: tlsData,
+	}
+}
+
+var testStoreCfg = store.NewConfig(
+	func() interface{} {
+		return &map[string]interface{}{}
+	},
+	store.EndpointTypeGetter(KubernetesEndpoint, func() interface{} { return &EndpointMeta{} }),
+)
+
+func TestSaveLoadContexts(t *testing.T) {
+	storeDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-load-save-k8-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(storeDir)
+	store := store.New(storeDir, testStoreCfg)
+	require.NoError(t, save(store, testEndpoint("https://test", "test", nil, nil, nil, false), "raw-notls"))
+	require.NoError(t, save(store, testEndpoint("https://test", "test", nil, nil, nil, true), "raw-notls-skip"))
+	require.NoError(t, save(store, testEndpoint("https://test", "test", []byte("ca"), []byte("cert"), []byte("key"), true), "raw-tls"))
+
+	kcFile, err := ioutil.TempFile(os.TempDir(), "test-load-save-k8-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(kcFile.Name())
+	defer kcFile.Close()
+	cfg := clientcmdapi.NewConfig()
+	cfg.AuthInfos["user"] = clientcmdapi.NewAuthInfo()
+	cfg.Contexts["context1"] = clientcmdapi.NewContext()
+	cfg.Clusters["cluster1"] = clientcmdapi.NewCluster()
+	cfg.Contexts["context2"] = clientcmdapi.NewContext()
+	cfg.Clusters["cluster2"] = clientcmdapi.NewCluster()
+	cfg.AuthInfos["user"].ClientCertificateData = []byte("cert")
+	cfg.AuthInfos["user"].ClientKeyData = []byte("key")
+	cfg.Clusters["cluster1"].Server = "https://server1"
+	cfg.Clusters["cluster1"].InsecureSkipTLSVerify = true
+	cfg.Clusters["cluster2"].Server = "https://server2"
+	cfg.Clusters["cluster2"].CertificateAuthorityData = []byte("ca")
+	cfg.Contexts["context1"].AuthInfo = "user"
+	cfg.Contexts["context1"].Cluster = "cluster1"
+	cfg.Contexts["context1"].Namespace = "namespace1"
+	cfg.Contexts["context2"].AuthInfo = "user"
+	cfg.Contexts["context2"].Cluster = "cluster2"
+	cfg.Contexts["context2"].Namespace = "namespace2"
+	cfg.CurrentContext = "context1"
+	cfgData, err := clientcmd.Write(*cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = kcFile.Write(cfgData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	kcFile.Close()
+
+	epDefault, err := FromKubeConfig(kcFile.Name(), "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	epContext2, err := FromKubeConfig(kcFile.Name(), "context2", "namespace-override")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, save(store, epDefault, "embed-default-context"))
+	require.NoError(t, save(store, epContext2, "embed-context2"))
+
+	rawNoTLSMeta, err := store.GetMetadata("raw-notls")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	rawNoTLSSkipMeta, err := store.GetMetadata("raw-notls-skip")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	rawTLSMeta, err := store.GetMetadata("raw-tls")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	embededDefaultMeta, err := store.GetMetadata("embed-default-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	embededContext2Meta, err := store.GetMetadata("embed-context2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rawNoTLS := EndpointFromContext(rawNoTLSMeta)
+	rawNoTLSSkip := EndpointFromContext(rawNoTLSSkipMeta)
+	rawTLS := EndpointFromContext(rawTLSMeta)
+	embededDefault := EndpointFromContext(embededDefaultMeta)
+	embededContext2 := EndpointFromContext(embededContext2Meta)
+
+	rawNoTLSEP, err := rawNoTLS.WithTLSData(store, "raw-notls")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	checkClientConfig(t, rawNoTLSEP, "https://test", "test", nil, nil, nil, false)
+	rawNoTLSSkipEP, err := rawNoTLSSkip.WithTLSData(store, "raw-notls-skip")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	checkClientConfig(t, rawNoTLSSkipEP, "https://test", "test", nil, nil, nil, true)
+	rawTLSEP, err := rawTLS.WithTLSData(store, "raw-tls")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	checkClientConfig(t, rawTLSEP, "https://test", "test", []byte("ca"), []byte("cert"), []byte("key"), true)
+	embededDefaultEP, err := embededDefault.WithTLSData(store, "embed-default-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	checkClientConfig(t, embededDefaultEP, "https://server1", "namespace1", nil, []byte("cert"), []byte("key"), true)
+	embededContext2EP, err := embededContext2.WithTLSData(store, "embed-context2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	checkClientConfig(t, embededContext2EP, "https://server2", "namespace-override", []byte("ca"), []byte("cert"), []byte("key"), false)
+}
+
+func checkClientConfig(t *testing.T, ep Endpoint, server, namespace string, ca, cert, key []byte, skipTLSVerify bool) {
+	config := ep.KubernetesConfig()
+	cfg, err := config.ClientConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ns, _, _ := config.Namespace()
+	assert.Equal(t, server, cfg.Host)
+	assert.Equal(t, namespace, ns)
+	assert.Equal(t, ca, cfg.CAData)
+	assert.Equal(t, cert, cfg.CertData)
+	assert.Equal(t, key, cfg.KeyData)
+	assert.Equal(t, skipTLSVerify, cfg.Insecure)
+}
+
+func save(s store.Writer, ep Endpoint, name string) error {
+	meta := store.Metadata{
+		Endpoints: map[string]interface{}{
+			KubernetesEndpoint: ep.EndpointMeta,
+		},
+		Name: name,
+	}
+	if err := s.CreateOrUpdate(meta); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return s.ResetEndpointTLSMaterial(name, KubernetesEndpoint, ep.TLSData.ToStoreTLSData())
+}
+
+func TestSaveLoadGKEConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	storeDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", t.Name())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(storeDir)
+	store := store.New(storeDir, testStoreCfg)
+	cfg, err := clientcmd.LoadFromFile("fixtures/gke-kubeconfig")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	clientCfg := clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfig(*cfg, &clientcmd.ConfigOverrides{})
+	expectedCfg, err := clientCfg.ClientConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ep, err := FromKubeConfig("fixtures/gke-kubeconfig", "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, save(store, ep, "gke-context"))
+	persistedMetadata, err := store.GetMetadata("gke-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	persistedEPMeta := EndpointFromContext(persistedMetadata)
+	assert.True(t, persistedEPMeta != nil)
+	persistedEP, err := persistedEPMeta.WithTLSData(store, "gke-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	persistedCfg := persistedEP.KubernetesConfig()
+	actualCfg, err := persistedCfg.ClientConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedCfg.AuthProvider, actualCfg.AuthProvider)
+}
+
+func TestSaveLoadEKSConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	storeDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", t.Name())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(storeDir)
+	store := store.New(storeDir, testStoreCfg)
+	cfg, err := clientcmd.LoadFromFile("fixtures/eks-kubeconfig")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	clientCfg := clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfig(*cfg, &clientcmd.ConfigOverrides{})
+	expectedCfg, err := clientCfg.ClientConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ep, err := FromKubeConfig("fixtures/eks-kubeconfig", "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, save(store, ep, "eks-context"))
+	persistedMetadata, err := store.GetMetadata("eks-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	persistedEPMeta := EndpointFromContext(persistedMetadata)
+	assert.True(t, persistedEPMeta != nil)
+	persistedEP, err := persistedEPMeta.WithTLSData(store, "eks-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	persistedCfg := persistedEP.KubernetesConfig()
+	actualCfg, err := persistedCfg.ClientConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedCfg.ExecProvider, actualCfg.ExecProvider)
+}
+
+func TestSaveLoadK3SConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	storeDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", t.Name())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(storeDir)
+	store := store.New(storeDir, testStoreCfg)
+	cfg, err := clientcmd.LoadFromFile("fixtures/k3s-kubeconfig")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	clientCfg := clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfig(*cfg, &clientcmd.ConfigOverrides{})
+	expectedCfg, err := clientCfg.ClientConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ep, err := FromKubeConfig("fixtures/k3s-kubeconfig", "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, save(store, ep, "k3s-context"))
+	persistedMetadata, err := store.GetMetadata("k3s-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	persistedEPMeta := EndpointFromContext(persistedMetadata)
+	assert.True(t, persistedEPMeta != nil)
+	persistedEP, err := persistedEPMeta.WithTLSData(store, "k3s-context")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	persistedCfg := persistedEP.KubernetesConfig()
+	actualCfg, err := persistedCfg.ClientConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, len(actualCfg.Username) > 0)
+	assert.True(t, len(actualCfg.Password) > 0)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedCfg.Username, actualCfg.Username)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedCfg.Password, actualCfg.Password)
+}

driver/kubernetes/context/fixtures/eks-kubeconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+  apiVersion: v1
+  clusters:
+  - cluster:
+      server: https://some-server      
+    name: kubernetes
+  contexts:
+  - context:
+      cluster: kubernetes
+      user: aws
+    name: aws
+  current-context: aws
+  kind: Config
+  preferences: {}
+  users:
+  - name: aws
+    user:
+      exec:
+        apiVersion: client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1
+        command: heptio-authenticator-aws
+        args:
+          - "token"
+          - "-i"
+          - "eks-cf"

driver/kubernetes/context/fixtures/gke-kubeconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+clusters:
+- cluster:    
+    server: https://some-server
+  name: gke_sample
+contexts:
+- context:
+    cluster: gke_sample
+    user: gke_sample
+  name: gke_sample
+current-context: gke_sample
+kind: Config
+preferences: {}
+users:
+- name: gke_sample
+  user:
+    auth-provider:
+      config:
+        cmd-args: config config-helper --format=json
+        cmd-path: /google/google-cloud-sdk/bin/gcloud
+        expiry-key: '{.credential.token_expiry}'
+        token-key: '{.credential.access_token}'
+      name: gcp

driver/kubernetes/context/fixtures/k3s-kubeconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+clusters:
+- cluster:
+    certificate-authority-data: dGhlLWNh
+    server: https://someserver
+  name: test-cluster
+contexts:
+- context:
+    cluster: test-cluster
+    user: test-user
+    namespace: zoinx
+  name: test
+current-context: test
+kind: Config
+preferences: {}
+users:
+- name: test-user
+  user:
+    username: admin
+    password: testpwd

driver/kubernetes/context/fixtures/test-kubeconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+clusters:
+- cluster:
+    certificate-authority-data: dGhlLWNh
+    server: https://someserver
+  name: test-cluster
+contexts:
+- context:
+    cluster: test-cluster
+    user: test-user
+    namespace: zoinx
+  name: test
+current-context: test
+kind: Config
+preferences: {}
+users:
+- name: test-user
+  user:
+    client-certificate-data: dGhlLWNlcnQ=
+    client-key-data: dGhlLWtleQ==

driver/kubernetes/context/load.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package kubernetes
+package context
 
 import (
 	"os"
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/store"
-	api "github.com/docker/compose-on-kubernetes/api"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/homedir"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
 	clientcmdapi "k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd/api"
 )
@@ -88,23 +86,18 @@ func (c *Endpoint) KubernetesConfig() clientcmd.ClientConfig {
 
 // ResolveDefault returns endpoint metadata for the default Kubernetes
 // endpoint, which is derived from the env-based kubeconfig.
-func (c *EndpointMeta) ResolveDefault(stackOrchestrator command.Orchestrator) (interface{}, *store.EndpointTLSData, error) {
+func (c *EndpointMeta) ResolveDefault() (interface{}, *store.EndpointTLSData, error) {
 	kubeconfig := os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")
 	if kubeconfig == "" {
 		kubeconfig = filepath.Join(homedir.Get(), ".kube/config")
 	}
 	kubeEP, err := FromKubeConfig(kubeconfig, "", "")
 	if err != nil {
-		if stackOrchestrator == command.OrchestratorKubernetes || stackOrchestrator == command.OrchestratorAll {
-			return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "default orchestrator is %s but unable to resolve kubernetes endpoint", stackOrchestrator)
-		}
-
 		// We deliberately quash the error here, returning nil
 		// for the first argument is sufficient to indicate we weren't able to
 		// provide a default
 		return nil, nil, nil
 	}
-
 	var tls *store.EndpointTLSData
 	if kubeEP.TLSData != nil {
 		tls = kubeEP.TLSData.ToStoreTLSData()
@@ -142,5 +135,21 @@ func ConfigFromContext(name string, s store.Reader) (clientcmd.ClientConfig, err
 		return ep.KubernetesConfig(), nil
 	}
 	// context has no kubernetes endpoint
-	return api.NewKubernetesConfig(""), nil
+	return NewKubernetesConfig(""), nil
+}
+
+// NewKubernetesConfig resolves the path to the desired Kubernetes configuration
+// file based on the KUBECONFIG environment variable and command line flags.
+func NewKubernetesConfig(configPath string) clientcmd.ClientConfig {
+	kubeConfig := configPath
+	if kubeConfig == "" {
+		if config := os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG"); config != "" {
+			kubeConfig = config
+		} else {
+			kubeConfig = filepath.Join(homedir.Get(), ".kube/config")
+		}
+	}
+	return clientcmd.NewNonInteractiveDeferredLoadingClientConfig(
+		&clientcmd.ClientConfigLoadingRules{ExplicitPath: kubeConfig},
+		&clientcmd.ConfigOverrides{})
 }

driver/kubernetes/context/load_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package context
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config/configfile"
+	cliflags "github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestDefaultContextInitializer(t *testing.T) {
+	cli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	os.Setenv("KUBECONFIG", "./fixtures/test-kubeconfig")
+	defer os.Unsetenv("KUBECONFIG")
+	ctx, err := command.ResolveDefaultContext(&cliflags.CommonOptions{}, &configfile.ConfigFile{}, command.DefaultContextStoreConfig(), cli.Err())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "default", ctx.Meta.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "zoinx", ctx.Meta.Endpoints[KubernetesEndpoint].(EndpointMeta).DefaultNamespace)
+}

driver/kubernetes/context/save.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package kubernetes
+package context
 
 import (
 	"io/ioutil"

driver/kubernetes/driver.go

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/tracing/detect"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	clientappsv1 "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/apps/v1"
@@ -39,15 +41,18 @@ type Driver struct {
 	factory          driver.Factory
 	minReplicas      int
 	deployment       *appsv1.Deployment
+	configMaps       []*corev1.ConfigMap
 	clientset        *kubernetes.Clientset
 	deploymentClient clientappsv1.DeploymentInterface
 	podClient        clientcorev1.PodInterface
+	configMapClient  clientcorev1.ConfigMapInterface
 	podChooser       podchooser.PodChooser
 }
 
 func (d *Driver) IsMobyDriver() bool {
 	return false
 }
+
 func (d *Driver) Config() driver.InitConfig {
 	return d.InitConfig
 }
@@ -56,7 +61,24 @@ func (d *Driver) Bootstrap(ctx context.Context, l progress.Logger) error {
 	return progress.Wrap("[internal] booting buildkit", l, func(sub progress.SubLogger) error {
 		_, err := d.deploymentClient.Get(ctx, d.deployment.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
-			// TODO: return err if err != ErrNotFound
+			if !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error for bootstrap %q", d.deployment.Name)
+			}
+
+			for _, cfg := range d.configMaps {
+				// create ConfigMap first if exists
+				_, err = d.configMapClient.Create(ctx, cfg, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					if !apierrors.IsAlreadyExists(err) {
+						return errors.Wrapf(err, "error while calling configMapClient.Create for %q", cfg.Name)
+					}
+					_, err = d.configMapClient.Update(ctx, cfg, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
+					if err != nil {
+						return errors.Wrapf(err, "error while calling configMapClient.Update for %q", cfg.Name)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
 			_, err = d.deploymentClient.Create(ctx, d.deployment, metav1.CreateOptions{})
 			if err != nil {
 				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error while calling deploymentClient.Create for %q", d.deployment.Name)
@@ -143,9 +165,22 @@ func (d *Driver) Stop(ctx context.Context, force bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *Driver) Rm(ctx context.Context, force bool, rmVolume bool) error {
+func (d *Driver) Rm(ctx context.Context, force, rmVolume, rmDaemon bool) error {
+	if !rmDaemon {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	if err := d.deploymentClient.Delete(ctx, d.deployment.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error while calling deploymentClient.Delete for %q", d.deployment.Name)
+		if !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "error while calling deploymentClient.Delete for %q", d.deployment.Name)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, cfg := range d.configMaps {
+		if err := d.configMapClient.Delete(ctx, cfg.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
+			if !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error while calling configMapClient.Delete for %q", cfg.Name)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }

driver/kubernetes/factory.go

@@ -59,11 +59,13 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	d := &Driver{
 		factory:    f,
 		InitConfig: cfg,
 		clientset:  clientset,
 	}
+
 	deploymentOpt := &manifest.DeploymentOpt{
 		Name:          deploymentName,
 		Image:         bkimage.DefaultImage,
@@ -71,13 +73,19 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 		BuildkitFlags: cfg.BuildkitFlags,
 		Rootless:      false,
 		Platforms:     cfg.Platforms,
+		ConfigFiles:   cfg.Files,
 	}
+
+	deploymentOpt.Qemu.Image = bkimage.QemuImage
+
 	loadbalance := LoadbalanceSticky
-	imageOverride := ""
+
 	for k, v := range cfg.DriverOpts {
 		switch k {
 		case "image":
-			imageOverride = v
+			if v != "" {
+				deploymentOpt.Image = v
+			}
 		case "namespace":
 			namespace = v
 		case "replicas":
@@ -117,20 +125,31 @@ func (f *factory) New(ctx context.Context, cfg driver.InitConfig) (driver.Driver
 				return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid loadbalance %q", v)
 			}
 			loadbalance = v
+		case "qemu.install":
+			deploymentOpt.Qemu.Install, err = strconv.ParseBool(v)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		case "qemu.image":
+			if v != "" {
+				deploymentOpt.Qemu.Image = v
+			}
 		default:
 			return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid driver option %s for driver %s", k, DriverName)
 		}
 	}
-	if imageOverride != "" {
+
-		deploymentOpt.Image = imageOverride
+	d.deployment, d.configMaps, err = manifest.NewDeployment(deploymentOpt)
-	}
-	d.deployment, err = manifest.NewDeployment(deploymentOpt)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	d.minReplicas = deploymentOpt.Replicas
+
 	d.deploymentClient = clientset.AppsV1().Deployments(namespace)
 	d.podClient = clientset.CoreV1().Pods(namespace)
+	d.configMapClient = clientset.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(namespace)
+
 	switch loadbalance {
 	case LoadbalanceSticky:
 		d.podChooser = &podchooser.StickyPodChooser{

driver/kubernetes/manifest/manifest.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package manifest
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/platformutil"
@@ -12,11 +14,22 @@ import (
 )
 
 type DeploymentOpt struct {
-	Namespace      string
+	Namespace string
-	Name           string
+	Name      string
-	Image          string
+	Image     string
-	Replicas       int
+	Replicas  int
-	BuildkitFlags  []string
+
+	// Qemu
+	Qemu struct {
+		// when true, will install binfmt
+		Install bool
+		Image   string
+	}
+
+	BuildkitFlags []string
+	// files mounted at /etc/buildkitd
+	ConfigFiles map[string][]byte
+
 	Rootless       bool
 	NodeSelector   map[string]string
 	RequestsCPU    string
@@ -31,7 +44,7 @@ const (
 	AnnotationPlatform = "buildx.docker.com/platform"
 )
 
-func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (*appsv1.Deployment, error) {
+func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (d *appsv1.Deployment, c []*corev1.ConfigMap, err error) {
 	labels := map[string]string{
 		"app": opt.Name,
 	}
@@ -44,7 +57,7 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (*appsv1.Deployment, error) {
 		annotations[AnnotationPlatform] = strings.Join(platformutil.Format(opt.Platforms), ",")
 	}
 
-	d := &appsv1.Deployment{
+	d = &appsv1.Deployment{
 		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
 			APIVersion: appsv1.SchemeGroupVersion.String(),
 			Kind:       "Deployment",
@@ -91,9 +104,54 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (*appsv1.Deployment, error) {
 			},
 		},
 	}
+	for _, cfg := range splitConfigFiles(opt.ConfigFiles) {
+		cc := &corev1.ConfigMap{
+			TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
+				APIVersion: corev1.SchemeGroupVersion.String(),
+				Kind:       "ConfigMap",
+			},
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+				Namespace:   opt.Namespace,
+				Name:        opt.Name + "-" + cfg.name,
+				Annotations: annotations,
+			},
+			Data: cfg.files,
+		}
+
+		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].VolumeMounts = []corev1.VolumeMount{{
+			Name:      cfg.name,
+			MountPath: path.Join("/etc/buildkit", cfg.path),
+		}}
+
+		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Volumes = []corev1.Volume{{
+			Name: "config",
+			VolumeSource: corev1.VolumeSource{
+				ConfigMap: &corev1.ConfigMapVolumeSource{
+					LocalObjectReference: corev1.LocalObjectReference{
+						Name: cc.Name,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}}
+		c = append(c, cc)
+	}
+
+	if opt.Qemu.Install {
+		d.Spec.Template.Spec.InitContainers = []corev1.Container{
+			{
+				Name:  "qemu",
+				Image: opt.Qemu.Image,
+				Args:  []string{"--install", "all"},
+				SecurityContext: &corev1.SecurityContext{
+					Privileged: &privileged,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
 	if opt.Rootless {
 		if err := toRootless(d); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -104,7 +162,7 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (*appsv1.Deployment, error) {
 	if opt.RequestsCPU != "" {
 		reqCPU, err := resource.ParseQuantity(opt.RequestsCPU)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[corev1.ResourceCPU] = reqCPU
 	}
@@ -112,7 +170,7 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (*appsv1.Deployment, error) {
 	if opt.RequestsMemory != "" {
 		reqMemory, err := resource.ParseQuantity(opt.RequestsMemory)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[corev1.ResourceMemory] = reqMemory
 	}
@@ -120,7 +178,7 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (*appsv1.Deployment, error) {
 	if opt.LimitsCPU != "" {
 		limCPU, err := resource.ParseQuantity(opt.LimitsCPU)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Limits[corev1.ResourceCPU] = limCPU
 	}
@@ -128,12 +186,12 @@ func NewDeployment(opt *DeploymentOpt) (*appsv1.Deployment, error) {
 	if opt.LimitsMemory != "" {
 		limMemory, err := resource.ParseQuantity(opt.LimitsMemory)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 		d.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Limits[corev1.ResourceMemory] = limMemory
 	}
 
-	return d, nil
+	return
 }
 
 func toRootless(d *appsv1.Deployment) error {
@@ -149,3 +207,35 @@ func toRootless(d *appsv1.Deployment) error {
 	d.Spec.Template.ObjectMeta.Annotations["container.seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/"+containerName] = "unconfined"
 	return nil
 }
+
+type config struct {
+	name  string
+	path  string
+	files map[string]string
+}
+
+func splitConfigFiles(m map[string][]byte) []config {
+	var c []config
+	idx := map[string]int{}
+	nameIdx := 0
+	for k, v := range m {
+		dir := path.Dir(k)
+		i, ok := idx[dir]
+		if !ok {
+			idx[dir] = len(c)
+			i = len(c)
+			name := "config"
+			if dir != "." {
+				nameIdx++
+				name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", name, nameIdx)
+			}
+			c = append(c, config{
+				path:  dir,
+				name:  name,
+				files: map[string]string{},
+			})
+		}
+		c[i].files[path.Base(k)] = string(v)
+	}
+	return c
+}

driver/manager.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ type InitConfig struct {
 	DockerAPI        dockerclient.APIClient
 	KubeClientConfig KubeClientConfig
 	BuildkitFlags    []string
-	ConfigFile       string
+	Files            map[string][]byte
 	DriverOpts       map[string]string
 	Auth             Auth
 	Platforms        []specs.Platform
@@ -103,17 +103,17 @@ func GetFactory(name string, instanceRequired bool) Factory {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func GetDriver(ctx context.Context, name string, f Factory, api dockerclient.APIClient, auth Auth, kcc KubeClientConfig, flags []string, config string, do map[string]string, platforms []specs.Platform, contextPathHash string) (Driver, error) {
+func GetDriver(ctx context.Context, name string, f Factory, api dockerclient.APIClient, auth Auth, kcc KubeClientConfig, flags []string, files map[string][]byte, do map[string]string, platforms []specs.Platform, contextPathHash string) (Driver, error) {
 	ic := InitConfig{
 		DockerAPI:        api,
 		KubeClientConfig: kcc,
 		Name:             name,
 		BuildkitFlags:    flags,
-		ConfigFile:       config,
 		DriverOpts:       do,
 		Auth:             auth,
 		Platforms:        platforms,
 		ContextPathHash:  contextPathHash,
+		Files:            files,
 	}
 	if f == nil {
 		var err error
@@ -129,8 +129,15 @@ func GetDriver(ctx context.Context, name string, f Factory, api dockerclient.API
 	return &cachedDriver{Driver: d}, nil
 }
 
-func GetFactories() map[string]Factory {
+func GetFactories() []Factory {
-	return drivers
+	ds := make([]Factory, 0, len(drivers))
+	for _, d := range drivers {
+		ds = append(ds, d)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(ds, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return ds[i].Name() < ds[j].Name()
+	})
+	return ds
 }
 
 type cachedDriver struct {

go.mod

@@ -1,28 +1,24 @@
 module github.com/docker/buildx
 
-go 1.13
+go 1.16
 
 require (
 	github.com/agl/ed25519 v0.0.0-20170116200512-5312a6153412 // indirect
-	github.com/bitly/go-hostpool v0.0.0-20171023180738-a3a6125de932 // indirect
 	github.com/bugsnag/bugsnag-go v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bugsnag/panicwrap v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff v2.1.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/cloudflare/cfssl v0.0.0-20181213083726-b94e044bb51e // indirect
-	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go v0.0.0-20210729195839-de56f4f0cb3c
+	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go v1.0.8
-	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.2
+	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.3
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.5.4
+	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.6.1
-	github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb v0.0.0-20190315220205-a8ed825ac853 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/cli v20.10.12+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/cli v20.10.7+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool v0.4.0
-	github.com/docker/compose-on-kubernetes v0.4.19-0.20190128150448-356b2919c496 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.0+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1+incompatible
 	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.7+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.4-0.20210125172408-38bea2ce277a // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go v1.5.1-1.0.20160303222718-d30aec9fd63c // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0
 	github.com/docker/libtrust v0.0.0-20150526203908-9cbd2a1374f4 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/spdystream v0.0.0-20181023171402-6480d4af844c // indirect
 	github.com/elazarl/goproxy v0.0.0-20191011121108-aa519ddbe484 // indirect
-	github.com/erikstmartin/go-testdb v0.0.0-20160219214506-8d10e4a1bae5 // indirect
 	github.com/fvbommel/sortorder v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.7.3
 	github.com/gofrs/uuid v3.3.0+incompatible // indirect
@@ -33,34 +29,37 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2 v2.8.2
 	github.com/jinzhu/gorm v1.9.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v0.0.0-20180308033659-04140366298a // indirect
-	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/kardianos/osext v0.0.0-20190222173326-2bc1f35cddc0 // indirect
-	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/buildkit v0.10.0-rc2.0.20220308185020-fdecd0ae108b
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0
-	github.com/moby/buildkit v0.8.2-0.20210702160134-1a7543a10527
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.1
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2-0.20211117181255-693428a734f5
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.4
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
 	github.com/serialx/hashring v0.0.0-20190422032157-8b2912629002
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.1.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.2.1
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
 	github.com/theupdateframework/notary v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/tonistiigi/units v0.0.0-20180711220420-6950e57a87ea
+	github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil v0.0.0-20220315205639-9ed612626da3 // indirect
-	github.com/zclconf/go-cty v1.7.1
+	github.com/zclconf/go-cty v1.10.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.0.0-RC1
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.4.1
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.0.0-RC1
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.4.1
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.44.0
 	gopkg.in/dancannon/gorethink.v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/fatih/pool.v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/gorethink/gorethink.v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
-	k8s.io/api v0.20.6
+	k8s.io/api v0.23.4
-	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.20.6
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.23.4
-	k8s.io/client-go v0.20.6
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.23.4
 )
 
 replace (
-	github.com/docker/cli => github.com/docker/cli v20.10.3-0.20210702143511-f782d1355eff+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/cli => github.com/docker/cli v20.10.3-0.20220226190722-8667ccd1124c+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/docker => github.com/docker/docker v20.10.3-0.20210609100121-ef4d47340142+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker => github.com/docker/docker v20.10.3-0.20220121014307-40bb9831756f+incompatible
+	k8s.io/api => k8s.io/api v0.22.4
+	k8s.io/apimachinery => k8s.io/apimachinery v0.22.4
+	k8s.io/client-go => k8s.io/client-go v0.22.4
 )

hack/binaries

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-. $(dirname $0)/util
-set -eu
-
-: ${TARGETPLATFORM=$CLI_PLATFORM}
-
-platformFlag=""
-if [ -n "$TARGETPLATFORM" ]; then
-  platformFlag="--platform $TARGETPLATFORM"
-fi
-
-buildxCmd build $platformFlag \
-  --target "binaries" \
-  --output "type=local,dest=./bin/" \
-  .

hack/build_ci_first_pass

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-TYP=$1
-
-. $(dirname $0)/util
-set -e
-
-usage() {
-  echo "usage: ./hack/build_ci_first_pass <binaries>"
-  exit 1
-}
-
-if [ -z "$TYP" ]; then
-  usage
-fi
-
-importCacheFlags=""
-exportCacheFlags=""
-if [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" = "true" ]; then
-  if [ -n "$cacheRefFrom" ]; then
-    importCacheFlags="--cache-from=type=local,src=$cacheRefFrom"
-  fi
-  if [ -n "$cacheRefTo" ]; then
-    exportCacheFlags="--cache-to=type=local,dest=$cacheRefTo"
-  fi
-fi
-
-case $TYP in
-  "binaries")
-    buildxCmd build $importCacheFlags $exportCacheFlags \
-      --target "binaries" \
-      $currentcontext
-    ;;
-  *)
-    echo >&2 "Unknown type $TYP"
-    exit 1
-    ;;
-esac

hack/cross

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-. $(dirname $0)/util
-set -e
-
-: ${TARGETPLATFORM=linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64,windows/amd64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x,linux/riscv64}
-: ${EXPORT_LOCAL=}
-
-importCacheFlags=""
-if [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" = "true" ]; then
-  if [ -n "$cacheRefFrom" ]; then
-    importCacheFlags="--cache-from=type=local,src=$cacheRefFrom"
-  fi
-fi
-
-exportFlag=""
-if [ -n "$EXPORT_LOCAL" ]; then
-  exportFlag="--output=type=local,dest=$EXPORT_LOCAL"
-fi
-
-buildxCmd build $importCacheFlags $exportFlag \
-  --target "binaries" \
-  --platform "$TARGETPLATFORM" \
-  $currentcontext

hack/demo-env/entrypoint.sh

@@ -13,7 +13,3 @@ else
   ( $dockerdCmd &>/var/log/dockerd.log & )
   exec ash
 fi
-
-
-
-

hack/dockerfiles/authors.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.3-labs
+
+FROM alpine:3.14 AS gen
+RUN apk add --no-cache git
+WORKDIR /src
+RUN --mount=type=bind,target=. <<EOT
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+mkdir /out
+# see also ".mailmap" for how email addresses and names are deduplicated
+{
+  echo "# This file lists all individuals having contributed content to the repository."
+  echo "# For how it is generated, see hack/dockerfiles/authors.Dockerfile."
+  echo
+  git log --format='%aN <%aE>' | LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 sort -uf
+} > /out/AUTHORS
+cat /out/AUTHORS
+EOT
+
+FROM scratch AS update
+COPY --from=gen /out /
+
+FROM gen AS validate
+RUN --mount=type=bind,target=.,rw <<EOT
+set -e
+git add -A
+cp -rf /out/* .
+if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -- AUTHORS)" ]; then
+  echo >&2 'ERROR: Authors result differs. Please update with "make authors"'
+  git status --porcelain -- AUTHORS
+  exit 1
+fi
+EOT

hack/dockerfiles/docs.Dockerfile

@@ -1,29 +1,42 @@
-# syntax = docker/dockerfile:1.2
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.3-labs
 
-FROM golang:1.16-alpine AS docsgen
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.17
+ARG FORMATS=md,yaml
+
+FROM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine AS docsgen
 WORKDIR /src
 RUN --mount=target=. \
   --mount=target=/root/.cache,type=cache \
-  go build -mod=vendor -o /out/docsgen ./docs/docsgen
+  go build -mod=vendor -o /out/docsgen ./docs/generate.go
 
 FROM alpine AS gen
 RUN apk add --no-cache rsync git
 WORKDIR /src
 COPY --from=docsgen /out/docsgen /usr/bin
+ARG FORMATS
 RUN --mount=target=/context \
-  --mount=target=.,type=tmpfs,readwrite  \
+  --mount=target=.,type=tmpfs <<EOT
-  rsync -a /context/. . && \
+set -e
-  docsgen && \
+rsync -a /context/. .
-  mkdir /out && cp -r docs/reference /out
+docsgen --formats "$FORMATS" --source "docs/reference"
+mkdir /out
+cp -r docs/reference /out
+EOT
 
 FROM scratch AS update
 COPY --from=gen /out /out
 
 FROM gen AS validate
 RUN --mount=target=/context \
-  --mount=target=.,type=tmpfs,readwrite  \
+  --mount=target=.,type=tmpfs <<EOT
-  rsync -a /context/. . && \
+set -e
-  git add -A && \
+rsync -a /context/. .
-  rm -rf docs/reference/* && \
+git add -A
-  cp -rf /out/* ./docs/ && \
+rm -rf docs/reference/*
-  ./hack/validate-docs check
+cp -rf /out/* ./docs/
+if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -- docs/reference)" ]; then
+  echo >&2 'ERROR: Docs result differs. Please update with "make docs"'
+  git status --porcelain -- docs/reference
+  exit 1
+fi
+EOT

hack/dockerfiles/lint.Dockerfile

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.2
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.3
 
-FROM golang:1.16-alpine
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.17
+
+FROM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine
 RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev yamllint
 RUN wget -O- -nv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s v1.36.0
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/docker/buildx
 RUN --mount=target=/go/src/github.com/docker/buildx --mount=target=/root/.cache,type=cache \
   golangci-lint run
 RUN --mount=target=/go/src/github.com/docker/buildx --mount=target=/root/.cache,type=cache \
-  yamllint -c .yamllint.yml --strict .
+  yamllint -c .yamllint.yml --strict .

hack/dockerfiles/vendor.Dockerfile

@@ -1,23 +1,46 @@
-# syntax = docker/dockerfile:1.2
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.3-labs
 
-FROM golang:1.16-alpine AS vendored
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.17
-RUN  apk add --no-cache git rsync
+ARG MODOUTDATED_VERSION=v0.8.0
+
+FROM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine AS base
+RUN apk add --no-cache git rsync
 WORKDIR /src
+
+FROM base AS vendored
 RUN --mount=target=/context \
-  --mount=target=.,type=tmpfs,readwrite  \
+  --mount=target=.,type=tmpfs  \
-  --mount=target=/go/pkg/mod,type=cache \
+  --mount=target=/go/pkg/mod,type=cache <<EOT
-  rsync -a /context/. . && \
+set -e
-  go mod tidy && go mod vendor && \
+rsync -a /context/. .
-  mkdir /out && cp -r go.mod go.sum vendor /out
+go mod tidy
+go mod vendor
+mkdir /out
+cp -r go.mod go.sum vendor /out
+EOT
 
 FROM scratch AS update
 COPY --from=vendored /out /out
 
 FROM vendored AS validate
 RUN --mount=target=/context \
-  --mount=target=.,type=tmpfs,readwrite  \
+  --mount=target=.,type=tmpfs <<EOT
-  rsync -a /context/. . && \
+set -e
-  git add -A && \
+rsync -a /context/. .
-  rm -rf vendor && \
+git add -A
-  cp -rf /out/* . && \
+rm -rf vendor
-  ./hack/validate-vendor check
+cp -rf /out/* .
+if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -- go.mod go.sum vendor)" ]; then
+  echo >&2 'ERROR: Vendor result differs. Please vendor your package with "make vendor"'
+  git status --porcelain -- go.mod go.sum vendor
+  exit 1
+fi
+EOT
+
+FROM psampaz/go-mod-outdated:${MODOUTDATED_VERSION} AS go-mod-outdated
+FROM base AS outdated
+ARG _RANDOM
+RUN --mount=target=.,ro \
+  --mount=target=/go/pkg/mod,type=cache \
+  --mount=from=go-mod-outdated,source=/home/go-mod-outdated,target=/usr/bin/go-mod-outdated \
+  go list -mod=readonly -u -m -json all | go-mod-outdated -update -direct

hack/generate-authors

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-set -eu -o pipefail -x
-
-if [ -x "$(command -v greadlink)" ]; then
-	# on macOS, GNU readlink is ava (greadlink) can be installed through brew install coreutils
-	cd "$(dirname "$(greadlink -f "$BASH_SOURCE")")/.."
-else
-	cd "$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$BASH_SOURCE")")/.."
-fi
-
-# see also ".mailmap" for how email addresses and names are deduplicated
-
-{
-	cat <<-'EOH'
-	# This file lists all individuals having contributed content to the repository.
-	# For how it is generated, see `scripts/generate-authors.sh`.
-	EOH
-	echo
-	git log --format='%aN <%aE>' | LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 sort -uf
-} > AUTHORS

hack/lint

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-. $(dirname $0)/util
-set -eu
-
-buildxCmd build --file ./hack/dockerfiles/lint.Dockerfile .

hack/release

@@ -1,28 +1,20 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-OUT=${1:-release-out}
-
-. $(dirname $0)/util
 set -eu -o pipefail
 
-: ${PLATFORMS=linux/amd64}
+: ${BUILDX_CMD=docker buildx}
+: ${RELEASE_OUT=./release-out}
 
-importCacheFlags=""
+# release
-if [[ -n "$cacheRefFrom" ]] && [[ "$cacheType" = "local" ]]; then
+(set -x ; ${BUILDX_CMD} bake --set "*.output=$RELEASE_OUT" release)
-  for ref in $cacheRefFrom; do
-    importCacheFlags="$importCacheFlags--cache-from=type=local,src=$ref "
-  done
-fi
-
-buildxCmd build $importCacheFlags \
-  --target "release" \
-  --platform "$PLATFORMS" \
-  --output "type=local,dest=$OUT" \
-  $currentcontext
 
 # wrap binaries
-{ set +x; } 2>/dev/null
+mv -f ./${RELEASE_OUT}/**/* ./${RELEASE_OUT}/
-if [[ $PLATFORMS =~ "," ]]; then
+find ./${RELEASE_OUT} -type d -empty -delete
-  mv -f ./$OUT/**/* ./$OUT/
+
-  find ./$OUT -type d -empty -delete
+# checksums
-fi
+if ! type shasum > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo >&2 "ERROR: shasum is required"
+  exit 1
+fi
+find ./${RELEASE_OUT}/ -type f \( -iname "buildx-*" ! -iname "*darwin*" \) -print0 | sort -z | xargs -r0 shasum -a 256 -b | sed 's# .*/# #' > ./${RELEASE_OUT}/checksums.txt

hack/shell

@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@
 
 set -e
 
+: ${BUILDX_CMD=docker buildx}
 : ${TMUX=}
 
 function clean {
-  docker rmi $(cat $iidfile)
+  docker rmi $iid
 }
 
-iidfile=$(mktemp -t docker-iidfile.XXXXXXXXXX)
+iid=buildx-shell
-DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build --iidfile $iidfile --target demo-env .
+(set -x ; ${BUILDX_CMD} build --output "type=docker,name=$iid" --target shell .)
 trap clean EXIT
 SSH=
 if [ -n "$MOUNT_SSH_AUTH_SOCK" ]; then
-	SSH="-v $SSH_AUTH_SOCK:$SSH_AUTH_SOCK -e SSH_AUTH_SOCK"
+  SSH="-v $SSH_AUTH_SOCK:$SSH_AUTH_SOCK -e SSH_AUTH_SOCK"
 fi
-docker run $SSH -it --privileged --rm -e TMUX_ENTRYPOINT=$TMUX $(cat $iidfile)
+docker run $SSH -it --privileged --rm -e TMUX_ENTRYPOINT=$TMUX $iid

hack/test

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-. $(dirname $0)/util
-set -eu -o pipefail
-
-: ${BUILDX_NOCACHE=}
-: ${TEST_COVERAGE=}
-
-importCacheFlags=""
-if [ -n "$cacheRefFrom" ]; then
-  if [ "$cacheType" = "local" ]; then
-    for ref in $cacheRefFrom; do
-      importCacheFlags="$importCacheFlags--cache-from=type=local,src=$ref "
-    done
-  fi
-fi
-
-iid="buildx-tests"
-iidfile=$(mktemp -t docker-iidfile.XXXXXXXXXX)
-
-coverageVol=""
-coverageFlags=""
-if [ "$TEST_COVERAGE" = "1" ]; then
-  covdir="$(pwd)/coverage"
-  mkdir -p "$covdir"
-  coverageVol="-v $covdir:/coverage"
-  coverageFlags="-coverprofile=/coverage/coverage.txt -covermode=atomic"
-fi
-
-buildxCmd build $importCacheFlags \
-  --target "integration-tests" \
-  --output "type=docker,name=$iid" \
-  $currentcontext
-
-cacheVolume="buildx-cache"
-if ! docker inspect "$cacheVolume" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-  cacheVolume=$(docker create --name=buildx-cache -v /root/.cache -v /go/pkg/mod alpine)
-fi
-
-docker run --rm -v /tmp $coverageVol --volumes-from=$cacheVolume --privileged $iid go test $coverageFlags ${TESTFLAGS:--v} ${TESTPKGS:-./...}
-
-if [ -n "$BUILDX_NOCACHE" ]; then
-  docker rm -v $cacheVolume
-fi
-
-rm "$iidfile"
-docker rmi $iid

hack/test-driver

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -eu -o pipefail
+
+: ${BUILDX_CMD=docker buildx}
+: ${BUILDKIT_IMAGE=moby/buildkit:buildx-stable-1}
+: ${BUILDKIT_CFG=}
+: ${DRIVER=docker-container}
+: ${DRIVER_OPT=}
+: ${MULTI_NODE=0}
+: ${PLATFORMS=linux/amd64,linux/arm64}
+
+function buildxCmd {
+  (set -x ; $BUILDX_CMD "$@")
+}
+
+function clean {
+  rm -rf "$context"
+  if [ "$builderName" != "default" ]; then
+    buildxCmd rm "$builderName"
+  fi
+}
+
+context=$(mktemp -d -t buildx-output.XXXXXXXXXX)
+dockerfile=${context}/Dockerfile
+bakedef=${context}/docker-bake.hcl
+trap clean EXIT
+
+builderName=buildx-test-$(openssl rand -hex 16)
+buildPlatformFlag=
+if [ "$DRIVER" = "docker" ]; then
+  builderName=default
+else
+  buildPlatformFlag=--platform="${PLATFORMS}"
+fi
+
+driverOpt=image=${BUILDKIT_IMAGE}
+if [ -n "$DRIVER_OPT" ]; then
+  driverOpt=$driverOpt,$DRIVER_OPT
+fi
+
+# create builder except for docker driver
+if [ "$DRIVER" != "docker" ]; then
+  if [ "${MULTI_NODE}" = "1" ]; then
+    firstNode=1
+    for platform in ${PLATFORMS//,/ }; do
+      createFlags=""
+      if [ -f "$BUILDKIT_CFG" ]; then
+        createFlags="$createFlags --config=${BUILDKIT_CFG}"
+      fi
+      if [ "$firstNode" = "0" ]; then
+        createFlags="$createFlags --append"
+      fi
+      buildxCmd create ${createFlags} \
+        --name="${builderName}" \
+        --node="${builderName}-${platform/\//-}" \
+        --driver="${DRIVER}" \
+        --driver-opt="${driverOpt}" \
+        --platform="${platform}"
+      firstNode=0
+    done
+  else
+    createFlags=""
+    if [ -f "$BUILDKIT_CFG" ]; then
+      createFlags="$createFlags --config=${BUILDKIT_CFG}"
+    fi
+    buildxCmd create ${createFlags} \
+      --name="${builderName}" \
+      --driver="${DRIVER}" \
+      --driver-opt="${driverOpt}" \
+      --platform="${PLATFORMS}"
+  fi
+fi
+
+function buildOutput {
+  local name=$1
+  if [ "$DRIVER" != "docker" ]; then
+    if [ "${MULTI_NODE}" = "1" ]; then
+      echo "type=cacheonly"
+    else
+      echo "type=oci,dest=${context}/${name}.tar"
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "type=docker,name=${name}"
+  fi
+}
+
+# multi-platform not supported by docker driver
+buildPlatformFlag=
+bakePlatformFlag=
+if [ "$DRIVER" != "docker" ]; then
+  buildPlatformFlag=--platform="${PLATFORMS}"
+  bakePlatformFlag=--set="*.platform=${PLATFORMS}"
+fi
+
+# inspect and bootstrap
+buildxCmd inspect --bootstrap --builder="${builderName}"
+
+# create dockerfile
+cat > "${dockerfile}" <<EOL
+FROM busybox as build
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+ARG BUILDPLATFORM
+RUN echo "I am running on \$BUILDPLATFORM, building for \$TARGETPLATFORM" > /log
+
+FROM busybox AS log
+COPY --from=build /log /log
+RUN cat /log
+RUN uname -a
+
+FROM busybox AS hello
+RUN echo hello > /hello
+
+FROM scratch
+COPY --from=log /log /log
+COPY --from=hello /hello /hello
+EOL
+
+# build
+buildxCmd build ${buildPlatformFlag} \
+  --output="$(buildOutput buildx-test-build)" \
+  --builder="${builderName}" \
+  --metadata-file="${context}/metadata-build.json" \
+  "${context}"
+cat "${context}/metadata-build.json"
+
+# create bake def
+cat > "${bakedef}" <<EOL
+group "default" {
+  targets = ["release"]
+}
+group "all" {
+  targets = ["log", "hello"]
+}
+target "release" {
+  output = ["$(buildOutput buildx-test-bake-release)"]
+}
+target "log" {
+  output = ["$(buildOutput buildx-test-bake-log)"]
+}
+target "hello" {
+  output = ["$(buildOutput buildx-test-bake-hello)"]
+}
+EOL
+
+# bake default target
+buildxCmd bake ${bakePlatformFlag} \
+  --file="${bakedef}" \
+  --builder="${builderName}" \
+  --set "*.context=${context}" \
+  --metadata-file="${context}/metadata-bake-def.json"
+cat "${context}/metadata-bake-def.json"
+
+# bake all target
+buildxCmd bake ${bakePlatformFlag} \
+  --file="${bakedef}" \
+  --builder="${builderName}" \
+  --set "*.context=${context}" \
+  --metadata-file="${context}/metadata-bake-all.json" \
+  all
+cat "${context}/metadata-bake-all.json"

hack/update-docs

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-. $(dirname $0)/util
+set -eu -o pipefail
-set -eu
+
+: ${BUILDX_CMD=docker buildx}
+: ${FORMATS=md}
 
 output=$(mktemp -d -t buildx-output.XXXXXXXXXX)
-
+(set -x ; DOCS_FORMATS=$FORMATS ${BUILDX_CMD} bake --set "*.output=$output" update-docs)
-buildxCmd build \
-  --target "update" \
-  --output "type=local,dest=$output" \
-  --file "./hack/dockerfiles/docs.Dockerfile" \
-  .
-
 rm -rf ./docs/reference/*
 cp -R "$output"/out/* ./docs/
 rm -rf $output

hack/update-vendor

@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-. $(dirname $0)/util
+set -eu -o pipefail
-set -eu
+
+: ${BUILDX_CMD=docker buildx}
 
 output=$(mktemp -d -t buildx-output.XXXXXXXXXX)
-
+(set -x ; ${BUILDX_CMD} bake --set "*.output=$output" update-vendor)
-buildxCmd build \
-  --target "update" \
-  --output "type=local,dest=$output" \
-  --file "./hack/dockerfiles/vendor.Dockerfile" \
-  .
-
 rm -rf ./vendor
 cp -R "$output"/out/* .
 rm -rf $output

hack/util

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
-
-: ${CI=}
-: ${PREFER_BUILDCTL=}
-: ${PREFER_LEGACY=}
-: ${CLI_PLATFORM=}
-: ${GITHUB_ACTIONS=}
-: ${CACHEDIR_FROM=}
-: ${CACHEDIR_TO=}
-
-if [ "$PREFER_BUILDCTL" = "1" ]; then
-  echo >&2 "WARNING: PREFER_BUILDCTL is no longer supported. Ignoring."
-fi
-
-if [ "$PREFER_LEGACY" = "1" ]; then
-  echo >&2 "WARNING: PREFER_LEGACY is no longer supported. Ignoring."
-fi
-
-progressFlag=""
-if [ "$CI" = "true" ]; then
-  progressFlag="--progress=plain"
-fi
-
-buildxCmd() {
-  if docker buildx version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    set -x
-    docker buildx "$@" $progressFlag
-  elif buildx version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    set -x
-    buildx "$@" $progressFlag
-  elif docker version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    set -x
-    DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker "$@" $progressFlag
-  else
-    echo >&2 "ERROR: Please enable DOCKER_BUILDKIT or install standalone buildx"
-    exit 1
-  fi
-}
-
-if [ -z "$CLI_PLATFORM" ]; then
-  if [ "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin" ]; then
-      arch="$(uname -m)"
-      if [ "$arch" = "x86_64" ]; then
-          arch="amd64"
-      fi
-      CLI_PLATFORM="darwin/$arch"
-  elif uname -s | grep MINGW > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then
-    CLI_PLATFORM="windows/amd64"
-  fi
-fi
-
-cacheType=""
-cacheRefFrom=""
-cacheRefTo=""
-currentref=""
-if [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" = "true" ]; then
-  currentref="git://github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY#$GITHUB_REF"
-  cacheType="local"
-  cacheRefFrom="$CACHEDIR_FROM"
-  cacheRefTo="$CACHEDIR_TO"
-fi
-
-currentcontext="."
-if [ -n "$currentref" ]; then
-  currentcontext="--build-arg BUILDKIT_CONTEXT_KEEP_GIT_DIR=1 $currentref"
-fi